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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carmin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 39 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كارمين – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارمين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кармин – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кармин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carm%C3%AD_(colorant)" title="Carmí (colorant) – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carmí (colorant)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karm%C3%ADn" title="Karmín – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karmín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Καρμίνιο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρμίνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmine" title="Carmine – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carmine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmino" title="Karmino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karmino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carm%C3%ADn" title="Carmín – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carmín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1enill" title="Košenill – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Košenill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorrimin" title="Gorrimin – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gorrimin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmin" title="Carmin – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carmin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carm%C3%ADn" title="Carmín – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carmín" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F" title="כרמין – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרמין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rmin_(fest%C3%A9k)" title="Kármin (festék) – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kármin (festék)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF)" title="Կարմին (ներկ) – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարմին (ներկ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmino" title="Karmino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karmino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocciniglia_(colorante)" title="Cocciniglia (colorante) – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cocciniglia (colorante)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0" title="コチニール色素 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コチニール色素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кармин – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кармин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karminas" title="Karminas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karminas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmijnzuur" title="Karmijnzuur – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karmijnzuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmin_(colorant)" title="Carmin (colorant) – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carmin (colorant)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmim" title="Carmim – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carmim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кармин – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кармин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2" title="ڪرمز – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرمز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karm%C3%ADn" title="Karmín – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karmín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmin" title="Karmin – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karmin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" title="ชาดลิ้นจี่ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาดลิ้นจี่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmine" title="Carmine – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carmine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кармін – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кармін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%AD%E8%84%82%E7%BA%A2_(%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9)" title="胭脂红 (化合物) – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胭脂红 (化合物)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320617#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carmin" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Carmin" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carmin"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Carmin"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Carmin" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Carmin" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&oldid=15306509" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Carmin&id=15306509&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCarmin"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCarmin"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Carmin"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Carmin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carmine_(dye)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320617" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div style="float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin-right:0.5em; margin-left:1.5em; margin-bottom:1em; background-color:#ffffff; border:solid 1px #000000; width: 120px"> <div style="height:120px; width:120px; background-color:#960018; border-bottom:solid 1px #000000;"> </div> <p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin_(culoare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carmin (culoare) — pagină inexistentă">Carminul</a></b> </p> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Polish_cochineal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Polish_cochineal.jpg/500px-Polish_cochineal.jpg" decoding="async" width="355" height="434" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Polish_cochineal.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co%C8%99enila_polonez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coșenila poloneză — pagină inexistentă">Coșenila poloneză</a> - o insectă folosită la producerea carminului</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Carminic_acid_structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carminic_acid_structure.png/233px-Carminic_acid_structure.png" decoding="async" width="233" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carminic_acid_structure.png/350px-Carminic_acid_structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Carminic_acid_structure.png/466px-Carminic_acid_structure.png 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="923" /></a><figcaption>Acidul carminic</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Carmin</b> (<small>pronunțat </small><span title="Pronunție în AFI" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AFI_pentru_limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Wikipedia:AFI pentru limba română">[kɑrmɪn]</a></span><small></small>), numit și <b>cârmâz</b>, <b>roșu natural 4</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dapson2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dapson2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>C.I. 75470</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dapson2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dapson2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ori <b>E120</b>, este un <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> al unui colorant <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">roșu</a>-deschis obținut din sarea de aluminiu a <a href="/wiki/Acid_carminic" title="Acid carminic">acidului carminic</a>, care este produs de unele <a href="/wiki/Insecte" class="mw-redirect" title="Insecte">insecte</a> la scară largă, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Dactylopius_coccus" title="Dactylopius coccus">coșenila roșie</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Co%C8%99enila_polonez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coșenila poloneză — pagină inexistentă">coșenila poloneză</a>, și este folosit ca un termen general pentru un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin_(colorant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carmin (colorant) — pagină inexistentă">colorant roșu-închis cu același nume</a>. </p><p><b>Carminul</b> sau <b><a href="/wiki/E120" class="mw-redirect" title="E120">E120</a></b> este (un pigment de culoare roșie aprins) obținut din acidul carminic produs prin zdrobirea femelei insectei din superfamilia <a href="/wiki/Coccoidea" title="Coccoidea">Coccoidea</a>, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Cochineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochineal">cochinealul</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cochinealul_polonez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cochinealul polonez — pagină inexistentă">cochinealul polonez</a>. Carminul este folosit în produsele alimentare<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, cum ar fi iaurtul și anumite mărci de sucuri, în special cele colorate rubin-roșii. Se mai utilizează la fabricarea florilor artificiale, vopselelor, cerneală și alte produse cosmetice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cuvântul <b>carmin</b> este derivat din <a href="/wiki/Limba_italian%C4%83" title="Limba italiană">limba italiană:</a> <i> carmin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">limba latină:</a> <i> carminium</i>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">limba arabă:</a> <i> qîrmîz (cârmâz)</i>, înseamnă „<b>cărămiziu</b> (popular ~ o petală) ”, <a href="/wiki/Limba_sanscrit%C4%83" title="Limba sanscrită">limba sanscrită:</a> <i> krimiga</i>, înseamnă „produs-insectic ” și <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">limba latină:</a> <i> cinnabar</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, și se presupune că este de origine <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberic%C4%83" title="Peninsula Iberică">iberică</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dapson2007-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dapson2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dapson2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10520290701207364">10.1080/10520290701207364</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">Această referință va fi completată automat în următoarele minute. <small>Puteți <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~verisimilus/Bot/DOI_bot/doibot.php?doi=10.1080%2F10520290701207364">sări peste perioada de așteptare</a> sau puteți <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Cite_doi/10.1080/10520290701207364&preload=Template:Cite_doi/preload&editintro=Template:Cite_doi/editintro&action=edit">extinde citarea manual</a></small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecomagazin.ro/carmin-sau-insecte-in-alimentatie/">Carmin sau insecte în alimentație</a>, 20 ianuarie 2009, <i>ecomagazin.ro</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinks">„<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/definitie/carmin">carmin</a>” la <a href="/wiki/DEX_online" title="DEX online">DEX online</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=carmine"><i>carmin</i></a>», <i>Dicționar de Etimologie Online</i>, Douglas Harper, 2001–2012, consultat în 1 mai 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks">Definiție pentru <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_aditivi_alimentari" title="Listă de aditivi alimentari">aditivul alimentar</a> „<b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infocons.ro/dictionar/E120">E120</a></b>” la <i>infocons.ro</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e.infocons.ro/?cod=E120">(denumire și descriere)</a>.</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Center_for_Science_in_the_Public_Interest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Center for Science in the Public Interest — pagină inexistentă">Centrul pentru Stiință în Interesul Public</a> în comunicatul de presă <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cspinet.org/new/200605011.html">Colorantul Alimentar pe Bază de Insecte Ar Trebui ... "Exterminat", Spune CSPI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060602070632/http://www.cspinet.org/new/200605011.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2006-06-02">2 iunie 2006</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation web">LaVerne M. Dutton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cochineal.info/">„Cochineal: A Bright Red Animal Dye”</a>. <i>Master's Thesis for Baylor University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-13">13 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Master%27s+Thesis+for+Baylor+University&rft.atitle=Cochineal%3A+A+Bright+Red+Animal+Dye&rft.au=LaVerne+M.+Dutton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cochineal.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ACarmin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration 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.cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuanțe_de_roșu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks wraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B60000; color:white; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Format:Nuan%C8%9Be_de_ro%C8%99u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Format:Nuanțe de roșu — pagină 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#000000;;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuanțe_de_roșu" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em">Nuanțe de roșu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0"><table style="background:transparent; width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Acajou</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Amarant_(culoare)" title="Amarant (culoare)">Amarant</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Auburn</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Burgundia</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Caisă</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Cardinal</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carmin</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Carnelian</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Cinabru" title="Cinabru">Cinabru</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Cireșiu</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#C04000;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E52B50;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#A52A2A;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#800020;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FBCEB1;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#C41E3A;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#960018;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#B31B1B;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E44D2E;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#DE3163;border:1px solid;"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(culoare)" title="Fuchsia (culoare)">Cireșiu-Hollywood</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">Crimson</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">Crimson alizarin</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">Crimson electric</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Coral</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Cărămiziu</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Crimson#Folly" title="Crimson">Folly</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(culoare)" title="Fuchsia (culoare)">Fuchsia</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Lavă</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#F400A1;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#DC143C;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E32636;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF003F;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF7F50;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#B22222;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#733635;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF004F;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF00FF;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#CF1020;border:1px solid;"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Lemn roșu</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Lignicolor" title="Lignicolor">Lignicolor</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">Magenta</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Maro" title="Maro">Maro</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Purpuriu" title="Purpuriu">Purpuriu de Tir</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Rosso corsa</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșcat</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-cosmos</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-flacără</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#AB4E52;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#CD5700;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF0090;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#800000;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#66023C;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#CC0000;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#80461B;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF0000;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#58111A;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E25822;border:1px solid;"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-indian</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-închis</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-mac</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-palisandru</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-persan</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-pompier</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-roz</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu sânge de bou</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-sângeriu</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-spaniol</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#CD5C5C;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#8B0000;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF3800;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#65000B;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#C81D11;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#CE2029;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#C21E56;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#800020;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#660000;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E60026;border:1px solid;"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-tomată</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-toscan</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-turcesc</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu-zmeură</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u_vene%C8%9Bian" title="Roșu venețian">Roșu-venețian</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(culoare)#Roșu-violet" title="Fuchsia (culoare)">Roșu-violet</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Roz" title="Roz">Roz</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roz-bonbon</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Roz" title="Roz">Roz-persan</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Roz" title="Roz">Roz-șocant</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#FF6347;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#7C3030;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#A91101;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E30B5C;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#C80815;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#C71585;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FFCBDB;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF0800;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FE28A2;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FC0FC0;border:1px solid;"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Roz" title="Roz">Roze</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ruginiu" title="Ruginiu">Ruginiu</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Sanguin</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Stacojiu" title="Stacojiu">Stacojiu</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Tea rose</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Teracotă</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Vermilion</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Vinaceu" title="Vinaceu">Vinaceu</a></td><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Vinaceu" title="Vinaceu">Vinuriu</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#FF007F;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E0115F;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#B7410E;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#BC3F4A;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#FF2400;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#F88379;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E2725B;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#E34234;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#7F1635;border:1px solid;"> </td><td style="background:#722F37;border:1px solid;"> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;font-size:90%"><td style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Violet-roșu</a></td></tr><tr><td style="background:#F75394;border:1px solid;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16786155">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:0 auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culoare" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Culoare" title="Format:Culoare"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Culoare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Culoare — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Culoare&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culoare" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Percepția culorii</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culoare_complementar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culoare complementară — pagină inexistentă">Culoare complementară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ochi" title="Ochi">Ochi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rodopsin%C4%83" title="Rodopsină">Rodopsină</a> • <a href="/wiki/Retin%C4%83" title="Retină">Retină</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintez%C4%83_aditiv%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinteză aditivă — pagină inexistentă">Sinteză aditivă</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintez%C4%83_substractiv%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinteză substractivă — pagină inexistentă">Sinteză substractivă</a> • <a href="/wiki/Daltonism" title="Daltonism">Daltonism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spectru_vizibil" title="Spectru vizibil">Spectru vizibil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Discul_lui_Newton" title="Discul lui Newton">Discul lui Newton</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_culorilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria culorilor — pagină inexistentă">Teoria culorilor</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viziunea_culorilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viziunea culorilor — pagină inexistentă">Viziunea culorilor</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83z" title="Văz">Văz</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spa%C8%9Biu_de_culoare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spațiu de culoare — pagină inexistentă">Spațiu de culoare</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nuan%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Nuanță">Nuanță</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satura%C8%9Bie_cromatic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saturație cromatică — pagină inexistentă">Saturație cromatică</a> • <a href="/wiki/Culoare_primar%C4%83" title="Culoare primară">Culoare primară</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culoare_secundar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culoare secundară — pagină inexistentă">Culoare secundară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Culoare_ter%C8%9Biar%C4%83" title="Culoare terțiară">Culoare terțiară</a> • <a href="/wiki/Modelul_de_culoare_ro%C8%99u-verde-albastru" class="mw-redirect" title="Modelul de culoare roșu-verde-albastru">RGB</a> • <a href="/wiki/Modelul_de_culoare_CMYK" title="Modelul de culoare CMYK">CMYK</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=CIE_XYZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIE XYZ — pagină inexistentă">CIE XYZ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=HSL_%C8%99i_HSV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HSL și HSV — pagină inexistentă">HSV</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=YCbCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YCbCr — pagină inexistentă">YCbCr</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_culori" title="Listă de culori">Listă de culori</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="background-color:white; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a> • <span style="background-color:blue; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Albastru" title="Albastru">Albastru</a> • <span style="background-color:brown; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Brun" title="Brun">Brun</a> • <span style="background-color:yellow; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Galben" title="Galben">Galben</a> • <span style="background-color:grey; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Gri" title="Gri">Gri</a> • <span style="background-color:black; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Negru" title="Negru">Negru</a> • <span style="background-color:orange; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Portocaliu" title="Portocaliu">Portocaliu</a> • <span style="background-color:red; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99u" title="Roșu">Roșu</a> • <span style="background-color:pink; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Roz" title="Roz">Roz</a> • <span style="background-color:green; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Verde" title="Verde">Verde</a> • <span style="background-color:#8000FF; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Violet" title="Violet">Violet</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alte culori</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="background-color:#E52B50; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Amarant" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarant">Amarant</a> • <span style="background-color:#708090; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Ardeziu" title="Ardeziu">Ardeziu</a> • <span style="background-color:#C2B280; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Bej" title="Bej">Bej</a> • <span style="background-color:#00FFFF; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">Cyan</a> • <span style="background-color:#FF00FF; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_(culoare)" title="Fuchsia (culoare)">Fuchsia</a> • <span style="background-color:#000080; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bleumarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bleumarin — pagină inexistentă">Bleumarin</a> • <span style="background-color:#800000; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Castaniu" title="Castaniu">Castaniu</a> • <span style="background-color:#FF0090; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">Magenta</a> • <span style="background-color:#808000; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%83sliniu" title="Măsliniu">Măsliniu</a> • <span style="background-color:#6A0DAD; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Purpuriu" title="Purpuriu">Purpuriu</a> • <span style="background-color:#CC7722; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Ocru_(culoare)" title="Ocru (culoare)">Ocru</a> • <span style="background-color:#40E0D0; border:1px solid black; color:black;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Turcoaz_(culoare)" 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