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id="toc-Construction_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Construction of France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Royal_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Royal_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Royal Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Royal_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modifications_(16th–18th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modifications_(16th–18th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modifications (16th–18th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modifications_(16th–18th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_vandalism_(18th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_vandalism_(18th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Revolutionary vandalism (18th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_vandalism_(18th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_(19th–21st_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_(19th–21st_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Restoration (19th–21st century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_(19th–21st_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exterior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exterior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Exterior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exterior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>West front</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Spire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lower_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lower Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_Chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_Chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Upper Chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_Chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaults_of_the_upper_chapel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaults_of_the_upper_chapel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Vaults of the upper chapel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaults_of_the_upper_chapel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stained_glass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stained_glass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Stained glass</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stained_glass-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Stained glass subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stained_glass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_west_rose_window" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_west_rose_window"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>The west rose window</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_west_rose_window-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stained_glass_from_Saint-Chapelle_in_other_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stained_glass_from_Saint-Chapelle_in_other_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Stained glass from Saint-Chapelle in other museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stained_glass_from_Saint-Chapelle_in_other_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_decoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_decoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Art and decoration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_and_decoration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art and decoration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_and_decoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_relics_and_the_reliquary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_relics_and_the_reliquary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The relics and the reliquary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_relics_and_the_reliquary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Organ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Saintes-Chapelles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Saintes-Chapelles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other <i>Saintes-Chapelles</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Saintes-Chapelles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sainte-Chapelle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="سان شابيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سان شابيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte_Chapelle" title="Sainte Chapelle – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sainte Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сент-Шапель – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сент-Шапель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Сент Шапел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сент Шапел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Capella_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Santa Capella de París – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Santa Capella de París" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)" title="Sainte-Chapelle (Paris) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle (Paris)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84-%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BB" title="Σαιντ-Σαπέλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαιντ-Σαπέλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankta_Kapelo" title="Sankta Kapelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sankta Kapelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%BE%D9%84" title="کلیسای سن-شپل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای سن-شپل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%8A%B8%EC%83%A4%ED%8E%A0" title="생트샤펠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생트샤펠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Սենտ Շապել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սենտ Շապել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%9C" title="סנט שאפל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנט שאפל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle_vu_Par%C3%A4is" title="Sainte-Chapelle vu Paräis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle vu Paräis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7)" title="Света капела (Париз) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Света капела (Париз)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB" title="サント・シャペル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サント・シャペル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Capelle" title="Sainte-Capelle – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Sainte-Capelle" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cap%C3%A8ra" title="Santa Capèra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Santa Capèra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84" title="سینٹ شیپل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سینٹ شیپل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Cap%C3%A8le" title="Sainte-Capèle – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sainte-Capèle" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сент-Шапель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сент-Шапель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte_Chapelle" title="Sainte Chapelle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sainte Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle_(Par%C3%AD%C5%BE)" title="Sainte-Chapelle (Paríž) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle (Paríž)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Сен Шапел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сен Шапел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="புனிதத் திருமனை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனிதத் திருமனை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5" title="แซ็งต์-ชาแปล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แซ็งต์-ชาแปล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6)" title="Церква Сент-Шапель (Париж) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Церква Сент-Шапель (Париж)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84" title="مقدس چیپل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مقدس چیپل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sainte-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%A0%82" title="聖禮拜堂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖禮拜堂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sainte-Chapelle&params=48_51_19_N_2_20_42_E_type:landmark_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.85528°N 2.34500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.85528; 2.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French royal chapel in Paris, France</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #FFCC99">Sainte-Chapelle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte_Chapelle_-_Upper_level_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Upper_level_1.jpg/220px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Upper_level_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="436" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Upper_level_1.jpg/330px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Upper_level_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Upper_level_1.jpg/440px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Upper_level_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1961" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sainte-Chapelle, upper level interior</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCC99">Religion</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Paris" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris">Archdiocese of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_region" title="Ecclesiastical region">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rite</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Secularized since <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCC99">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">10, boulevard du Palais, <a href="/wiki/1st_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="1st arrondissement of Paris">1st arrondissement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Geographic coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sainte-Chapelle&params=48_51_19_N_2_20_42_E_type:landmark_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°20′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.85528°N 2.34500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.85528; 2.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Royal chapel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rayonnant" title="Rayonnant">Rayonnant</a> Gothic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Groundbreaking</th><td class="infobox-data note">1242<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1242</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data note">1248<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1248</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border:4px solid #0055A4; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">Monument historique</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>Official name: Sainte-Chapelle</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1862</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">PA00086001<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Église</i></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFCC99">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sainte-chapelle.fr/en/">www<wbr />.sainte-chapelle<wbr />.fr<wbr />/en<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sainte-Chapelle</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[sɛ̃t<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃapɛl]</a></span>; English: <span lang="en"><b>Holy Chapel</b></span>) is a royal chapel in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style, within the medieval <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Palais de la Cité">Palais de la Cité</a>, the residence of the Kings of France until the 14th century, on the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Île de la Cité">Île de la Cité</a> in the River <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France. </p><p>Construction began sometime after 1238 and the chapel was <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> on 26 April 1248.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sainte-Chapelle is considered among the highest achievements of the <a href="/wiki/Rayonnant" title="Rayonnant">Rayonnant</a> period of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a>. It was commissioned by King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> to house his collection of <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">Passion</a> <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a>, including Christ's <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Thorns">Crown of Thorns</a> – one of the most important relics in medieval <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. This was later held in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral">Notre-Dame Cathedral</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_fire" title="Notre-Dame fire">2019 fire</a>, which it survived.<sup id="cite_ref-ParisDigest_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParisDigest-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a>, Sainte-Chapelle is one of the earliest surviving buildings of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">Capetian</a> royal palace on the Île de la Cité. Although damaged during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and restored in the 19th century, it has one of the most extensive 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> collections anywhere in the world. </p><p>The chapel is now operated as a museum by the French Centre of National Monuments, along with the nearby <a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a>, the other remaining vestige of the original palace. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_of_France">Construction of France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sainte-Chapelle was inspired by the earlier <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> royal chapels, notably the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Chapel,_Aachen" title="Palatine Chapel, Aachen">Palatine Chapel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> at his palace in Aix-la-Chapelle (now Aachen). It was built in about 800 and served as the <a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)" title="Oratory (worship)">oratory</a> of the Emperor. In 1238 Louis IX had already built one royal chapel, attached to the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>. This earlier chapel had only one level; its plan, on a much grander scale, was adapted for Sainte-Chapelle. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two levels of the new chapel, equal in size, had entirely different purposes. The upper level, where the sacred relics were kept, was reserved exclusively for the royal family and their guests. The lower level was used by the courtiers, servants, and soldiers of the palace. It was a very large structure, 36 meters (118 ft) long, 17 meters (56 ft) wide, and 42.5 meters (139 ft) high, ranking in size with the new Gothic cathedrals in France. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to serving as a place of worship, the Sainte-Chapelle played an important role in the political and cultural ambitions of King Louis and his successors.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the imperial throne at Constantinople occupied by a mere <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">Count of Flanders</a> and with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in uneasy disarray, Louis' artistic and architectural patronage helped to position him as the central monarch of western Christendom, the Sainte-Chapelle fitting into a long tradition of prestigious palace chapels. Just as the Emperor could pass privately from his palace into the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, so now Louis could pass directly from his palace into the Sainte-Chapelle. More importantly, the two-story palace chapel had obvious similarities to <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>'s palatine chapel at <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> (built 782–805)—a parallel that Louis was keen to exploit in presenting himself as a worthy successor to the first Holy Roman Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of the fragment of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> and crown of thorns gave enormous prestige to Louis IX. Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent IV">Innocent IV</a> proclaimed that it meant that Christ had symbolically crowned Louis with his own crown.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Royal_Chapel">The Royal Chapel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Royal Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fondation_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_par_Louis_IX._-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-2406.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charter of foundation of the Sainte-Chapelle by Louis IX (1246)"><img alt="Charter of foundation of the Sainte-Chapelle by Louis IX (1246)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fondation_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_par_Louis_IX._-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-2406.jpg/207px-Fondation_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_par_Louis_IX._-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-2406.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fondation_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_par_Louis_IX._-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-2406.jpg/311px-Fondation_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_par_Louis_IX._-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-2406.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fondation_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_par_Louis_IX._-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-2406.jpg/415px-Fondation_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_par_Louis_IX._-_Archives_Nationales_-_AE-II-2406.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1706" data-file-height="2467" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Charter of foundation of the Sainte-Chapelle by <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a> (1246)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 415.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 413.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis9%2BRelics.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis IX receives the crown of thorns and other sacred relics for the Sainte-Chapelle (14th century illustration)"><img alt="Louis IX receives the crown of thorns and other sacred relics for the Sainte-Chapelle (14th century illustration)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Louis9%2BRelics.jpg/620px-Louis9%2BRelics.jpg" decoding="async" width="414" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Louis9%2BRelics.jpg/930px-Louis9%2BRelics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Louis9%2BRelics.jpg/1240px-Louis9%2BRelics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Louis IX receives the crown of thorns and other sacred relics for the Sainte-Chapelle (14th century illustration)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration in Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (c. 1500)"><img alt="Illustration in Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (c. 1500)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg/186px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg/279px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg/371px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_juin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration in <i><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_Duc_de_Berry" title="Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry">Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry</a></i> (c. 1500)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Sainte-Chapelle, in the courtyard of the royal palace on the Île de la Cité (now part of a later administrative complex known as La <a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a>), was built to house <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a>'s collection of relics of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>, which included the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">crown of thorns</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Image of Edessa</a>, and some thirty other items. Louis purchased his <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion of Christ">Passion</a> relics from <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II,_Latin_Emperor" title="Baldwin II, Latin Emperor">Baldwin II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin emperor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, for the sum of 135,000 <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois">livres</a>. This money was paid to the Venetians to whom the relics had been pawned. </p><p>The relics arrived in Paris in August 1239, carried from <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> by two <a href="/wiki/Dominican_friar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican friar">Dominican friars</a>. Upon arrival, King Louis hosted a week-long celebratory reception for the relics. For the final stage of their journey they were carried by Louis IX himself, barefoot and dressed as a penitent, a scene depicted in the <i>Relics of the Passion</i> window on the south side of the chapel. The relics were stored in a large and elaborate silver chest, the <i>Grand-Chasse</i>, on which Louis spent a further 100,000 livres. </p><p>The entire chapel, by contrast, cost 40,000 livres to build and glaze. Until it was completed in 1248, the relics were housed at chapels at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes" title="Château de Vincennes">Château de Vincennes</a> and a specially built chapel at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>. In 1246, fragments of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a> were added to Louis's collection, along with other relics. The chapel was consecrated on 26 April 1248 and Louis's relics were moved to their new home with great ceremony. Shortly afterward, the King departed on the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh Crusade</a>, in which he was captured and later ransomed and released.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1704, the French composer <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a> was buried in the chapel's small cemetery, but this cemetery no longer exists. </p><p>The Parisian scholastic <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Jandun" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean de Jandun">Jean de Jandun</a> praised the building as one of Paris' most beautiful structures in his "Tractatus de laudibus Parisius" (1323), citing: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>that most beautiful of chapels, the chapel of the king, most decently situated within the walls of the king's house, enjoys a complete and indissoluble structure of the most solid stone. The most excellent colors of the pictures, the precious gilding of the images, the beautiful transparence of the ruddy windows on all sides, the most beautiful cloths of the altars, the wondrous merits of the sanctuary, the figures of the reliquaries externally adorned with dazzling gems, bestow such a hyperbolic beauty on that house of prayer, that, in going into it below, one understandably believes oneself, as if rapt to heaven, to enter one of the best chambers of Paradise. </p><p>O how salutary prayers to the all-powerful God pour out in these oratories, when the internal and spiritual purities of those praying correspond proportionally with the external and physical elegance of the oratory! </p><p>O how peacefully to the most holy God the praises are sung in these tabernacles, when the hearts of those singers are by the pleasing pictures of the tabernacle analogically beautified with the virtues! </p><p> O how acceptable to the most glorious God appear the offerings on these altars, when the life of those sacrificing shines in correspondence with the gilded light of the altars!<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modifications_(16th–18th_century)"><span id="Modifications_.2816th.E2.80.9318th_century.29"></span>Modifications (16th–18th century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modifications (16th–18th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 231.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 229.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_de_M%C3%A9rian_1615_Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sainte-Chapelle and the Palais de la Cité in 1615"><img alt="Sainte-Chapelle and the Palais de la Cité in 1615" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Plan_de_M%C3%A9rian_1615_Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9.jpg/344px-Plan_de_M%C3%A9rian_1615_Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Plan_de_M%C3%A9rian_1615_Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sainte-Chapelle and the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Palais de la Cité">Palais de la Cité</a> in 1615</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veue_de_la_S.te_Chapelle_de_Paris_apr%C3%A8s_l%27incendie.png" class="mw-file-description" title="View after the fire of 1630, which destroyed the spire of 1460"><img alt="View after the fire of 1630, which destroyed the spire of 1460" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Veue_de_la_S.te_Chapelle_de_Paris_apr%C3%A8s_l%27incendie.png/378px-Veue_de_la_S.te_Chapelle_de_Paris_apr%C3%A8s_l%27incendie.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Veue_de_la_S.te_Chapelle_de_Paris_apr%C3%A8s_l%27incendie.png/567px-Veue_de_la_S.te_Chapelle_de_Paris_apr%C3%A8s_l%27incendie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Veue_de_la_S.te_Chapelle_de_Paris_apr%C3%A8s_l%27incendie.png/756px-Veue_de_la_S.te_Chapelle_de_Paris_apr%C3%A8s_l%27incendie.png 2x" data-file-width="1766" data-file-height="1402" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View after the fire of 1630, which destroyed the spire of 1460</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 280px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 278px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre-Denis_Martin_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis XV departs a ceremony at the Palace, with Sainte-Chapelle behind (1715)"><img alt="Louis XV departs a ceremony at the Palace, with Sainte-Chapelle behind (1715)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pierre-Denis_Martin_003.jpg/417px-Pierre-Denis_Martin_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pierre-Denis_Martin_003.jpg/625px-Pierre-Denis_Martin_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pierre-Denis_Martin_003.jpg/833px-Pierre-Denis_Martin_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="1528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Louis XV departs a ceremony at the Palace, with Sainte-Chapelle behind (1715)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The chapel underwent considerable modification in the centuries that followed. A new two-story building, the Treasury of Chartres, was attached to the chapel on the north side shortly after it was completed. It remained until 1783, when it was demolished to build the new Palace of Justice. Another building, which served as a vestiary and sacristy, as well as residence for the guardian of the treasury, was placed on the north side. In the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X of France</a> built a monumental enclosed stairway from the courtyard on the south side to the upper level. This was damaged by fire in 1630, rebuilt, but finally demolished. Fires in the palace in 1630 and 1776 also caused considerable damage, especially to the furniture, and a flood in the winter of 1689–1690 caused major damage to the painted walls of the lower chapel. The original stained glass on the ground floor was removed, and the floor raised. The original ground floor glass was replaced by Gothic-style windows in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201212–13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201212–13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolutionary_vandalism_(18th_century)"><span id="Revolutionary_vandalism_.2818th_century.29"></span>Revolutionary vandalism (18th century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revolutionary vandalism (18th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sainte-Chapelle, as both a symbol of religion and royalty, was a prime target for vandalism during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. The chapel was turned into a storehouse for grain, and the sculpture and royal emblems on the exterior were smashed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201213_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201213-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spire was pulled down. Some of the stained glass was broken or dispersed, but nearly two-thirds of the glass today is original; some of the original glass was relocated in other windows, The sacred relics were dispersed although some survive as the "<a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Sainte-Chapelle" title="Relics of Sainte-Chapelle">relics of Sainte-Chapelle</a>" in the treasury of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>. Various reliquaries, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Chasse_(casket)" title="Chasse (casket)">grande châsse</a></i>, were melted down for their precious metal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_(19th–21st_century)"><span id="Restoration_.2819th.E2.80.9321st_century.29"></span>Restoration (19th–21st century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Restoration (19th–21st century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Ste._Chapelle,_Paris_LACMA_M.84.160.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sainte-Chapelle in 1839, before restoration"><img alt="Sainte-Chapelle in 1839, before restoration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/La_Ste._Chapelle%2C_Paris_LACMA_M.84.160.2.jpg/230px-La_Ste._Chapelle%2C_Paris_LACMA_M.84.160.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/La_Ste._Chapelle%2C_Paris_LACMA_M.84.160.2.jpg/344px-La_Ste._Chapelle%2C_Paris_LACMA_M.84.160.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/La_Ste._Chapelle%2C_Paris_LACMA_M.84.160.2.jpg/459px-La_Ste._Chapelle%2C_Paris_LACMA_M.84.160.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sainte-Chapelle in 1839, before restoration</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auguste_Mestral,_Angel_of_the_Passion,_Sainte-Chapelle,_Paris,_1852%E2%80%9353.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume with his archangel of the Passion and the head of another sculpture (1847)"><img alt="The sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume with his archangel of the Passion and the head of another sculpture (1847)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Auguste_Mestral%2C_Angel_of_the_Passion%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris%2C_1852%E2%80%9353.jpg/187px-Auguste_Mestral%2C_Angel_of_the_Passion%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris%2C_1852%E2%80%9353.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Auguste_Mestral%2C_Angel_of_the_Passion%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris%2C_1852%E2%80%9353.jpg/281px-Auguste_Mestral%2C_Angel_of_the_Passion%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris%2C_1852%E2%80%9353.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Auguste_Mestral%2C_Angel_of_the_Passion%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris%2C_1852%E2%80%9353.jpg/375px-Auguste_Mestral%2C_Angel_of_the_Passion%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris%2C_1852%E2%80%9353.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2461" data-file-height="3939" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume with his archangel of the Passion and the head of another sculpture (1847)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_-_F._Duban_-_RF_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A watercolour painting by Félix Duban used to guide the restorers (1847)"><img alt="A watercolour painting by Félix Duban used to guide the restorers (1847)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_-_F._Duban_-_RF_1905.jpg/223px-Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_-_F._Duban_-_RF_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_-_F._Duban_-_RF_1905.jpg/334px-Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_-_F._Duban_-_RF_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_-_F._Duban_-_RF_1905.jpg/446px-Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle_-_F._Duban_-_RF_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="2948" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A watercolour painting by <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Duban" title="Félix Duban">Félix Duban</a> used to guide the restorers (1847)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Sainte_Chapelle_tijdens_de_restauratie_Paris._-_La_Sainte-Chapelle._XIIIe_Si%C3%A8cle_(titel_op_object),_RP-F-F16404.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The chapel undergoing restoration (1841–67)"><img alt="The chapel undergoing restoration (1841–67)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/La_Sainte_Chapelle_tijdens_de_restauratie_Paris._-_La_Sainte-Chapelle._XIIIe_Si%C3%A8cle_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-F16404.jpg/232px-La_Sainte_Chapelle_tijdens_de_restauratie_Paris._-_La_Sainte-Chapelle._XIIIe_Si%C3%A8cle_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-F16404.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/La_Sainte_Chapelle_tijdens_de_restauratie_Paris._-_La_Sainte-Chapelle._XIIIe_Si%C3%A8cle_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-F16404.jpg/348px-La_Sainte_Chapelle_tijdens_de_restauratie_Paris._-_La_Sainte-Chapelle._XIIIe_Si%C3%A8cle_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-F16404.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/La_Sainte_Chapelle_tijdens_de_restauratie_Paris._-_La_Sainte-Chapelle._XIIIe_Si%C3%A8cle_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-F16404.jpg/465px-La_Sainte_Chapelle_tijdens_de_restauratie_Paris._-_La_Sainte-Chapelle._XIIIe_Si%C3%A8cle_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-F-F16404.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="5806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The chapel undergoing restoration (1841–67)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Holy_Chapel_(i.e.,_Sainte-Chappelle),_interior_of_lower_chapel,_Paris,_France-LCCN2001698537.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The lower chapel in 1900–1905"><img alt="The lower chapel in 1900–1905" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Holy_Chapel_%28i.e.%2C_Sainte-Chappelle%29%2C_interior_of_lower_chapel%2C_Paris%2C_France-LCCN2001698537.jpg/405px-The_Holy_Chapel_%28i.e.%2C_Sainte-Chappelle%29%2C_interior_of_lower_chapel%2C_Paris%2C_France-LCCN2001698537.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Holy_Chapel_%28i.e.%2C_Sainte-Chappelle%29%2C_interior_of_lower_chapel%2C_Paris%2C_France-LCCN2001698537.jpg/607px-The_Holy_Chapel_%28i.e.%2C_Sainte-Chappelle%29%2C_interior_of_lower_chapel%2C_Paris%2C_France-LCCN2001698537.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Holy_Chapel_%28i.e.%2C_Sainte-Chappelle%29%2C_interior_of_lower_chapel%2C_Paris%2C_France-LCCN2001698537.jpg/809px-The_Holy_Chapel_%28i.e.%2C_Sainte-Chappelle%29%2C_interior_of_lower_chapel%2C_Paris%2C_France-LCCN2001698537.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The lower chapel in 1900–1905</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Holy_Chapel,_interior,_Paris,_France,_ca._1890-1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper chapel, 1890–1900"><img alt="Upper chapel, 1890–1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Holy_Chapel%2C_interior%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_ca._1890-1900.jpg/220px-The_Holy_Chapel%2C_interior%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_ca._1890-1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Holy_Chapel%2C_interior%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_ca._1890-1900.jpg/331px-The_Holy_Chapel%2C_interior%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_ca._1890-1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Holy_Chapel%2C_interior%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_ca._1890-1900.jpg/441px-The_Holy_Chapel%2C_interior%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_ca._1890-1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2591" data-file-height="3524" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper chapel, 1890–1900</div> </li> </ul> <p>Between 1803 and 1837, the upper chapel was turned into a depository for the archives of the Palace of Justice next door.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower two meters (6 ft 7 in) of stained glass was removed to facilitate working light. Some of the glass was used to replace broken glass in other windows, and other panes were put on the market.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1835, scholars, archeologists and writers demanded that the church be preserved and restored to its medieval state. In 1840, under King <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe">Louis-Philippe</a>, a long campaign of restoration began. It was first conducted by <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Duban" title="Félix Duban">Félix Duban</a>, then by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lassus" title="Jean-Baptiste Lassus">Jean-Baptiste Lassus</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boeswillwald" title="Émile Boeswillwald">Émile Boeswillwald</a>, with the young <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a> as an assistant. The work continued for twenty-eight years, and served as a training ground for a generation of archeologists and restorers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was faithful to the original drawings and descriptions of the chapel that survived.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The restoration of the stained glass was a parallel project, which lasted from 1846 until 1855, with the goal of returning the chapel to its original appearance. It was carried out by the glass craftsmen Antoine Lusson and Maréchal de Metz and the designer Louis Steinheil. About one third of the glass, added in later years, was removed and replaced with medieval glass from other sources, or with new glass made in the original Gothic style. Eighteen of the original panels are found today in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201216_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201216-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stained glass was removed and placed into safe storage during World War II. In 1945 a layer of external varnish had been applied to protect the glass from the dust and scratches of wartime bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-villum_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-villum-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had gradually darkened, making the already fading images even harder to see.<sup id="cite_ref-mnf_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mnf-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, a more comprehensive seven-year programme of restoration began, costing some €10 million to clean and preserve all the stained glass, clean the facade stonework and conserve and repair some of the sculptures. Half of the funding was provided by private donors, the other half coming from the <a href="/wiki/Villum_Foundation" title="Villum Foundation">Villum Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-villum_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-villum-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in the restoration was an innovative thermoformed glass layer applied outside the stained-glass windows for added protection. The restoration of the flamboyant rose window on the west facade was completed in 2015 in time for the 800th anniversary of the birth of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">St. Louis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1239 - <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a> purchases the reputed <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Thorns">Crown of Thorns</a></li> <li>1241 - The crown and other relics arrive in Paris</li> <li>1242-44 - Construction begins</li> <li>1248 - Sainte-Chapelle completed and consecrated</li> <li>1264-1267 - Installation of the tribune of relics</li> <li>1379 - <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a> offers the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle_Gospels" title="Sainte-Chapelle Gospels">Sainte-Chapelle Gospels</a> to the treasury</li> <li>1383 - First spire rebuilt</li> <li>End of 15th c. - Monumental exterior stairway built by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis XII</a></li> <li>1460 (approx.) 14th century spire replaced</li> <li>1485-1498 - west rose window installed</li> <li>1630 - Fire damages spire and outer stairway</li> <li>1690 - Flood damages lower chapel - original lower chapel stained glass removed</li> <li>1793 - Revolutionaries smash portals and royal emblems. Chapel turned to civil use, and spire destroyed.</li> <li>1803-1837 - Chapel becomes storeroom for files of Ministry of Justice</li> <li>1805 - Relics of Passion transferred to <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li> <li>1840-48 - Major restoration of chapel and decoration</li> <li>1846-55 - Restoration and additions to stained glass windows</li> <li>1853-55 - Current spire constructed</li> <li>1862- Chapel is classified as an historical monument<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The royal chapel is a prime example of the phase of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architectural style</a> called "<a href="/wiki/Rayonnant" title="Rayonnant">Rayonnant</a>", marked by its sense of weightlessness and strong vertical emphasis. It stands squarely upon a lower chapel, which served as parish church for all the inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a>, which was the seat of government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exterior">Exterior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exterior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Sainte_Chapelle_East_View_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The church from the east"><img alt="The church from the east" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_Sainte_Chapelle_East_View_02.JPG/200px-Paris_Sainte_Chapelle_East_View_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_Sainte_Chapelle_East_View_02.JPG/300px-Paris_Sainte_Chapelle_East_View_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_Sainte_Chapelle_East_View_02.JPG/400px-Paris_Sainte_Chapelle_East_View_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="5223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The church from the east </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The south side. The upper walls are strengthened by buttresses and iron bars, allowing larger windows"><img alt="The south side. The upper walls are strengthened by buttresses and iron bars, allowing larger windows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_8.jpg/236px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_8.jpg/354px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_8.jpg/472px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="4013" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The south side. The upper walls are strengthened by buttresses and iron bars, allowing larger windows </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur10.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis IX holding a fragment of the true cross"><img alt="Louis IX holding a fragment of the true cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur10.JPG/225px-Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur10.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur10.JPG/337px-Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur10.JPG/450px-Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a> holding a fragment of the true cross</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_IMG_7720_(42312132294).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South facade"><img alt="South facade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Paris_IMG_7720_%2842312132294%29.jpg/420px-Paris_IMG_7720_%2842312132294%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Paris_IMG_7720_%2842312132294%29.jpg/630px-Paris_IMG_7720_%2842312132294%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Paris_IMG_7720_%2842312132294%29.jpg/840px-Paris_IMG_7720_%2842312132294%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4838" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">South facade </div> </li> </ul> <p>The contemporary visitor entering the courtyard of the Royal Palace would have been met by the sight of a grand ceremonial staircase (the <i>Grands Degres</i>) to their right and the north flank and eastern apse of the Sainte-Chapelle to their left. The chapel exterior shows many of the typical characteristics of Rayonnant architecture—deep buttresses surmounted by pinnacles, <a href="/wiki/Crocket" title="Crocket">crocketted</a> <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gables</a> around the roof-line and vast windows subdivided by <a href="/wiki/Bar_tracery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar tracery">bar tracery</a>. The internal division into upper and lower chapels is clearly marked on the outside by a string-course, the lower walls pierced by smaller windows with a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Reuleaux_triangle" title="Reuleaux triangle">spherical triangle</a> shape. Despite its decoration, the exterior is relatively simple and austere, devoid of flying buttresses or major sculpture and giving little hint of the richness within. </p><p>No designer-builder is named in the archives concerned with the construction. In the 19th century it was assumed (as with so many buildings of medieval Paris) to be the work of the master mason <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Montreuil" title="Pierre de Montreuil">Pierre de Montreuil</a>, who worked on the remodelling of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Denis Basilica">Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis</a> and completed the south transept façade of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholarship rejects this attribution in favour of Jean de Chelles or Thomas de Cormont, while <a href="/wiki/Robert_Branner" title="Robert Branner">Robert Branner</a> saw in the design the hand of an unidentified master mason from <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranner1966_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranner1966-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sainte-Chapelle's most obvious architectural precursors include the apsidal chapels of <a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a>, which it resembles in its general form, and the Bishop's Chapel (c. 1180s) of <a href="/wiki/Noyon_Cathedral" title="Noyon Cathedral">Noyon Cathedral</a>, from which it borrowed the two-story design. a major influence on its overall design may have come from contemporary metalwork, particularly the precious shrines and reliquaries made by <a href="/wiki/Mosan_art#Metal_work" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a> goldsmiths.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranner1966_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranner1966-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the buttresses are substantial, they are too close to the vault to counter its side thrust. Metal elements such as iron rods or chains, able to support tension, were used to replace the flying buttresses of previous structures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_front">West front</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: West front"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_vue_du_Palais_de_justice.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The west front with rose window"><img alt="The west front with rose window" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_vue_du_Palais_de_justice.JPG/124px-Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_vue_du_Palais_de_justice.JPG" decoding="async" width="83" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_vue_du_Palais_de_justice.JPG/186px-Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_vue_du_Palais_de_justice.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_vue_du_Palais_de_justice.JPG/248px-Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_vue_du_Palais_de_justice.JPG 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The west front with rose window</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Rosette_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the flamboyant rose window"><img alt="Detail of the flamboyant rose window" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Rosette_1.jpg/402px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Rosette_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Rosette_1.jpg/604px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Rosette_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Rosette_1.jpg/805px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Rosette_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4554" data-file-height="3396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the flamboyant rose window </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur09.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal of the lower chapel"><img alt="Portal of the lower chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur09.JPG/225px-Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur09.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur09.JPG/337px-Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur09.JPG/450px-Sainte-Chapelle_ext%C3%A9rieur09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portal of the lower chapel </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 262.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Portal_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal of the upper chapel"><img alt="Portal of the upper chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Portal_2.jpg/391px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Portal_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="261" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Portal_2.jpg/587px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Portal_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Portal_2.jpg/782px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Portal_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4480" data-file-height="3436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portal of the upper chapel </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 258.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 256.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Giebel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gable of the west front"><img alt="Gable of the west front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Giebel.jpg/385px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Giebel.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Giebel.jpg/578px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Giebel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Giebel.jpg/771px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Giebel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4412" data-file-height="3436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gable of the west front </div> </li> </ul> <p>The west front is composed of a porch two levels high, beneath a <a href="/wiki/Flamboyant" title="Flamboyant">flamboyant</a> Gothic rose window installed in the upper chapel in the 15th century. At the top is a pointed arch an oculus window, and a balustrade around the bottom of the roof, decorated with interlaced <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lys" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleur-de-lys">fleur-de-lys</a> emblems placed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V of France</a>. On either side of the porch are towers which contain the narrow winding stairways to the upper chapel, and which also hide the buttresses. The spires of the towers are also decorated with royal fleur-des-lys beneath a sculpted crown of thorns. This decoration dates to the 15th century, and was restored in about 1850 by Geoffroy-Dechaume.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The portal of the upper chapel is located on the balcony of the upper level. The original sculpture of the west portal was smashed during the Revolution. It was restored by Geoffroy-Dechaume between 1854 and 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spire">Spire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_-_Manuscrit_fran%C3%A7ais_9152.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The spire in the 16th century"><img alt="The spire in the 16th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_-_Manuscrit_fran%C3%A7ais_9152.jpg/183px-Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_-_Manuscrit_fran%C3%A7ais_9152.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_-_Manuscrit_fran%C3%A7ais_9152.jpg/275px-Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_-_Manuscrit_fran%C3%A7ais_9152.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_-_Manuscrit_fran%C3%A7ais_9152.jpg/367px-Sainte-Chapelle_de_Paris_-_Manuscrit_fran%C3%A7ais_9152.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="1284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spire in the 16th century </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clocher_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="19th-century spire"><img alt="19th-century spire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Clocher_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle.JPG/225px-Clocher_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Clocher_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle.JPG/337px-Clocher_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Clocher_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle.JPG/450px-Clocher_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> 19th-century spire</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fl%C3%A8che_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle,_Paris_(36820426973).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the spire"><img alt="Detail of the spire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fl%C3%A8che_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris_%2836820426973%29.jpg/200px-Fl%C3%A8che_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris_%2836820426973%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fl%C3%A8che_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris_%2836820426973%29.jpg/300px-Fl%C3%A8che_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris_%2836820426973%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Fl%C3%A8che_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris_%2836820426973%29.jpg/400px-Fl%C3%A8che_de_la_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_Paris_%2836820426973%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="5452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the spire </div> </li> </ul> <p>The current spire, thirty-three meters (108 ft) high, is the fifth to be built at Sainte-Chapelle since the 13th century. The appearance of the first is unknown, but the second, built in 1383 under <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a>, is pictured in an illustration of the <a href="/wiki/Tres_Riches_Heures_du_Duc_de_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry">Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He replaced it with another in about 1460, but this spire burned in 1630. It was replaced by another, which was destroyed following the French Revolution in 1793. The present spire was built of cedar wood by the architect Lassus beginning in 1852. The sculpture decorating the spire was designed in 1853 by Geoffroy-Dechaume. The painter-designer Steinheil designed the sculpture at the base of the spire, and his face appears as two of the apostles, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Bartholomew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Bartholomew">Saint Bartholomew</a>. Above the gables are statues representing angels carrying the instruments of <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">The Passion</a>. Above the chevet is a statue of the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Michael">Archangel Michael</a> slaying a dragon. Around the feet of the archangel are sculptures, also designed by Geoffroy-Dechaume, of eight persons, portrayed by workers of the reconstruction, laying wreaths at the Archangel's feet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interior">Interior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_(75),_Sainte-Chapelle,_plan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan of the lower chapel (front) and upper chapel (right)"><img alt="Plan of the lower chapel (front) and upper chapel (right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_plan.png/298px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_plan.png" decoding="async" width="199" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_plan.png/447px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_plan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_plan.png/596px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_plan.png 2x" data-file-width="2395" data-file-height="2410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan of the lower chapel (front) and upper chapel (right)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Saint Chapelle, built to house a reliquary, was itself like a precious reliquary turned inside out (with the richest decoration on the inside).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the interior is dominated by the stained glass (see below), every inch of the remaining wall surface and the vault was also richly coloured and decorated. Analysis of remaining paint fragments reveals that the original colours were much brighter than those favoured by the 19th-century restorers and would have been closer to the colours of the stained glass. The <a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">quatrefoils</a> of the dado arcade were painted with scenes of saints and martyrs and inset with painted and gilded glass, emulating Limoges enamels, while rich textiles hangings added to the richness of the interior. </p><p>The most striking aspect and original feature of the plan is the nearly total absence of masonry walls in the upper chapel. The walls are replaced by pillars and buttresses, and the space between is almost entirely glass, filling the upper chapel with light.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_Chapel">Lower Chapel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lower Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Saint-Louis_@_Chapelle_Basse_@_Sainte-Chapelle_@_Paris_(29950007012).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lower chapel, with statue of Louis IX"><img alt="Lower chapel, with statue of Louis IX" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Statue_of_Saint-Louis_%40_Chapelle_Basse_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2829950007012%29.jpg/450px-Statue_of_Saint-Louis_%40_Chapelle_Basse_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2829950007012%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Statue_of_Saint-Louis_%40_Chapelle_Basse_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2829950007012%29.jpg/675px-Statue_of_Saint-Louis_%40_Chapelle_Basse_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2829950007012%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Statue_of_Saint-Louis_%40_Chapelle_Basse_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2829950007012%29.jpg/900px-Statue_of_Saint-Louis_%40_Chapelle_Basse_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2829950007012%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lower chapel, with statue of Louis IX</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 308.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ste_Chapelle_Basse_s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiling of the lower chapel. Small gilded flying buttresses reinforce the arches"><img alt="Ceiling of the lower chapel. Small gilded flying buttresses reinforce the arches" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ste_Chapelle_Basse_s.jpg/463px-Ste_Chapelle_Basse_s.jpg" decoding="async" width="309" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ste_Chapelle_Basse_s.jpg/694px-Ste_Chapelle_Basse_s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ste_Chapelle_Basse_s.jpg/925px-Ste_Chapelle_Basse_s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1297" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceiling of the lower chapel. Small gilded flying buttresses reinforce the arches</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SteChapelle_unten_Chor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The lower chapel, with the Fleur-de-Lys of Louis IX (symbol from his French Capet royal family heritage) and the castle, (symbol of the Spanish royal family of his mother, Blanche of Castile), decorating the columns"><img alt="The lower chapel, with the Fleur-de-Lys of Louis IX (symbol from his French Capet royal family heritage) and the castle, (symbol of the Spanish royal family of his mother, Blanche of Castile), decorating the columns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SteChapelle_unten_Chor.JPG/231px-SteChapelle_unten_Chor.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SteChapelle_unten_Chor.JPG/346px-SteChapelle_unten_Chor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/SteChapelle_unten_Chor.JPG/462px-SteChapelle_unten_Chor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The lower chapel, with the Fleur-de-Lys of Louis IX (symbol from his French Capet royal family heritage) and the castle, (symbol of the Spanish royal family of his mother, Blanche of Castile), decorating the columns </div> </li> </ul> <p>The lower chapel was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and was used by the non-royal inhabitants of the neighbouring Royal Palace. The portal of the chapel represents the Virgin Mary as a column statue. The portal, and almost all the decoration of the chapel, was created by Geoffroy-Duchaume between 1854 and 1858. The primary decorative themes of the sculpture, columns and murals are the <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-Lys" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleur-de-Lys">Fleur-de-Lys</a> emblem of Louis IX and a stylised castle, the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a>, the mother of Louis IX.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–27_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–27-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lower chapel is only 6.6 meters (22 ft) high, with a six-meter wide central vessel and two narrow side aisles. The supports of the ceiling vaults are unusual; the outward thrust of the vaults is counterbalanced by small, elegant arched buttresses between the outer and inner columns, and they are also reinforced by a metallic structure hidden under the paint and plaster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–27_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–27-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The one-hundred forty capitals of the columns are an important decorative feature; they are from the mid-13th century, and predate the columns of the upper chapel. They have floral decoration of acanthus leaves typical of the period. Each of the gilded leaves corresponds with a slender colonette above, which rises upward to support the vaults. The columns are painted with alternating floral designs and the castle emblem of Castile. The red, gold and blue painting dates to the 19th century restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–27_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–27-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original stained glass of the lower chapel was destroyed by a flood in 1690; it was replaced by colourless glass. The present glass depicts scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary, surrounded by grisaille glass, while the apse has more elaborate and colourful scenes from the Virgin's life. All the windows were designed by Steinheil during the 19th century restoration. The lower chapel originally had a doorway to the sacristy on the left lateral traverse. Since it could not have a window, it was decorated in the 13th century with a mural of the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a>. This was rediscovered during the 19th century work, and restored by Steinheil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–31_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–31-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_Chapel">Upper Chapel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Upper Chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The apse of the upper chapel"><img alt="The apse of the upper chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/450px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/675px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg/900px-Sainte_Chapelle_Interior_Stained_Glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5904" data-file-height="3936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The apse of the upper chapel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte_Chapelle_-_Chasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chasse, which held the sacred relics"><img alt="The Chasse, which held the sacred relics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Chasse.jpg/199px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Chasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Chasse.jpg/299px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Chasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Chasse.jpg/399px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Chasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Chasse, which held the sacred relics </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapelle_Haute_@_Sainte-Chapelle_@_Paris_(30029150036).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The upper chapel to the west, with the later flamboyant rose window"><img alt="The upper chapel to the west, with the later flamboyant rose window" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chapelle_Haute_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2830029150036%29.jpg/450px-Chapelle_Haute_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2830029150036%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chapelle_Haute_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2830029150036%29.jpg/675px-Chapelle_Haute_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2830029150036%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chapelle_Haute_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2830029150036%29.jpg/900px-Chapelle_Haute_%40_Sainte-Chapelle_%40_Paris_%2830029150036%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The upper chapel to the west, with the later flamboyant rose window </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vitraux_de_la_Saint-Chapelle_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South wall, looking east to the apse"><img alt="South wall, looking east to the apse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vitraux_de_la_Saint-Chapelle_Paris.jpg/534px-Vitraux_de_la_Saint-Chapelle_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vitraux_de_la_Saint-Chapelle_Paris.jpg/800px-Vitraux_de_la_Saint-Chapelle_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vitraux_de_la_Saint-Chapelle_Paris.jpg/1067px-Vitraux_de_la_Saint-Chapelle_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">South wall, looking east to the apse </div> </li> </ul> <p>The upper chapel is reached by narrow stairways in the towers from lower level. The structure is simple; a rectangle 33 by 10.7 meters (108 by 35 ft), with four traverses and an apse at the east end with seven bays of windows. The most striking features are the walls, which appear to be almost entirely made of stained glass; a total of 670 square meters (7,200 sq ft) of glass, not counting the rose window at the west end. This was a clever illusion created by the master builder; each vertical support of the windows is composed of seven slender columns, which disguise their full thickness. In addition, the walls and windows are braced on the exterior by two belts of iron chain, one at the mid-level of the bays and the other at the top of the lancets; these are hidden behind the bars holding the stained glass. Additional metal supports are hidden under the eaves of the roof to brace the windows against the wind or other stress. Furthermore, the windows of the nave are slightly higher than the windows in the apse (15.5 meters, 51 ft compared with 13.7 meters, 45 ft), making the chapel appear longer than it actually is.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234–35_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234–35-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two small alcoves set into the walls on the third traverse of the chapel, with <a href="/wiki/Archivolts" class="mw-redirect" title="Archivolts">archivolts</a> or arches richly decorated above with painting and sculpture of angels. These were the places where the King and Queen worshipped during religious services; the King on the north side, the Queen on the south.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201236–37_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201236–37-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vaults_of_the_upper_chapel">Vaults of the upper chapel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Vaults of the upper chapel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_(75),_Sainte-Chapelle,_chapelle_haute,_abside,_vo%C3%BBte_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vaults of the apse (Note the fleur-de-lis symbol, inherited from the Capet line of Louis IX's father, Louis VIII Capet, of France)"><img alt="Vaults of the apse (Note the fleur-de-lis symbol, inherited from the Capet line of Louis IX's father, Louis VIII Capet, of France)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_haute%2C_abside%2C_vo%C3%BBte_1.jpg/400px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_haute%2C_abside%2C_vo%C3%BBte_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_haute%2C_abside%2C_vo%C3%BBte_1.jpg/600px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_haute%2C_abside%2C_vo%C3%BBte_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_haute%2C_abside%2C_vo%C3%BBte_1.jpg/800px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_haute%2C_abside%2C_vo%C3%BBte_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vaults of the apse (Note the fleur-de-lis symbol, inherited from the Capet line of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a>'s father, <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII Capet, of France</a>) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PA00086001_-_Sainte-Chapelle_-_7MC_3458%2B3461_-_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vaults of the upper chapel"><img alt="Vaults of the upper chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PA00086001_-_Sainte-Chapelle_-_7MC_3458%2B3461_-_HDR.jpg/200px-PA00086001_-_Sainte-Chapelle_-_7MC_3458%2B3461_-_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PA00086001_-_Sainte-Chapelle_-_7MC_3458%2B3461_-_HDR.jpg/300px-PA00086001_-_Sainte-Chapelle_-_7MC_3458%2B3461_-_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PA00086001_-_Sainte-Chapelle_-_7MC_3458%2B3461_-_HDR.jpg/400px-PA00086001_-_Sainte-Chapelle_-_7MC_3458%2B3461_-_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vaults of the upper chapel </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stained_glass">Stained glass</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Stained glass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Est_Sainte-Chapelle_Passion_du_Christ_Abside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scenes from Passion of Christ (apse) (click 2X for full-size)"><img alt="Scenes from Passion of Christ (apse) (click 2X for full-size)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Est_Sainte-Chapelle_Passion_du_Christ_Abside.jpg/225px-Est_Sainte-Chapelle_Passion_du_Christ_Abside.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Est_Sainte-Chapelle_Passion_du_Christ_Abside.jpg/337px-Est_Sainte-Chapelle_Passion_du_Christ_Abside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Est_Sainte-Chapelle_Passion_du_Christ_Abside.jpg/450px-Est_Sainte-Chapelle_Passion_du_Christ_Abside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scenes from Passion of Christ (apse) (click 2X for full-size)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte_Chapelle_-_Details_Vitrail_Mur_Sud.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scenes from life of Ezekiel (south wall)"><img alt="Scenes from life of Ezekiel (south wall)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Details_Vitrail_Mur_Sud.jpg/200px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Details_Vitrail_Mur_Sud.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Details_Vitrail_Mur_Sud.jpg/300px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Details_Vitrail_Mur_Sud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Details_Vitrail_Mur_Sud.jpg/400px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Details_Vitrail_Mur_Sud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scenes from life of Ezekiel (south wall)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PA00085991_-_Sainte_Chapelle_(vitraux_et_chandelier).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scenes from Ezekiel and Job (south wall, bay 4)"><img alt="Scenes from Ezekiel and Job (south wall, bay 4)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/PA00085991_-_Sainte_Chapelle_%28vitraux_et_chandelier%29.jpg/400px-PA00085991_-_Sainte_Chapelle_%28vitraux_et_chandelier%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/PA00085991_-_Sainte_Chapelle_%28vitraux_et_chandelier%29.jpg/600px-PA00085991_-_Sainte_Chapelle_%28vitraux_et_chandelier%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/PA00085991_-_Sainte_Chapelle_%28vitraux_et_chandelier%29.jpg/800px-PA00085991_-_Sainte_Chapelle_%28vitraux_et_chandelier%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scenes from Ezekiel and Job (south wall, bay 4)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sud_Baie_14_D%C3%A9tail_Saint_Louis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Louis transports relics of the true cross (south wall, bay 14)"><img alt="Saint Louis transports relics of the true cross (south wall, bay 14)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sud_Baie_14_D%C3%A9tail_Saint_Louis.jpg/225px-Sud_Baie_14_D%C3%A9tail_Saint_Louis.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sud_Baie_14_D%C3%A9tail_Saint_Louis.jpg/337px-Sud_Baie_14_D%C3%A9tail_Saint_Louis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sud_Baie_14_D%C3%A9tail_Saint_Louis.jpg/450px-Sud_Baie_14_D%C3%A9tail_Saint_Louis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saint Louis transports relics of the true cross (south wall, bay 14)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte-Chapelle_-_God_creates_plants_and_trees.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genesis - God creates plants and trees (south wall, bay 9 - restored)"><img alt="Genesis - God creates plants and trees (south wall, bay 9 - restored)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sainte-Chapelle_-_God_creates_plants_and_trees.jpg/400px-Sainte-Chapelle_-_God_creates_plants_and_trees.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sainte-Chapelle_-_God_creates_plants_and_trees.jpg/600px-Sainte-Chapelle_-_God_creates_plants_and_trees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sainte-Chapelle_-_God_creates_plants_and_trees.jpg/800px-Sainte-Chapelle_-_God_creates_plants_and_trees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Genesis - God creates plants and trees (south wall, bay 9 - restored)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The most famous features of the chapel, among the finest of their type in the world, are the fifteen great <a href="/wiki/Stained-glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained-glass">stained-glass</a> windows in the nave and apse of the upper chapel, which date from the mid-13th century, as well as the later rose window (put in place in the 15th century). The stone wall surface is reduced to little more than a delicate framework. The thousands of small pieces of glass turn the walls into great screens of coloured light, largely deep blues and reds, which gradually change in intensity from hour to hour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201244_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201244-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the windows were put into place between 1242 and 1248. The names of the glass artists are unknown, but the art historian <a href="/wiki/Louis_Grodecki" title="Louis Grodecki">Louis Grodecki</a> identified what appear to be three different ateliers with different styles. The windows in the apse and most of the windows on the north wall of the nave are made by one workshop. These works are known for supple forms and costumes, with simplified features. The second workshop, named by Grodecki as Master of the Ezekiel window, made the Ezekiel and Daniel windows, as well as the window of the Kings. That work is characterized by elongated forms, and more elaborate and angular draperies. The third artist or workshop is called the Master of Judith and Esther, for the distinct style of those windows, as well as the window of Job. They are distinguished by more subtle details in the faces, and a resemblance to the figures in illuminated manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201249_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201249-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite some damage the windows display a clear iconographical programme. The three windows of the eastern apse illustrate the New Testament, featuring scenes of The Passion (centre) with the Infancy of Christ (left) and the Life of John the Evangelist (right). By contrast, the windows of the nave are dominated by Old Testament exemplars of ideal kingship/queenship in an obvious nod to their royal patrons. The cycle starts at the western bay of the north wall with scenes from the Book of Genesis (heavily restored). The next ten windows of the nave follow clockwise with scenes from Exodus, Joseph, Numbers/Leviticus, Joshua/Deuteronomy, Judges, (moving to the south wall) Jeremiah/Tobias, Judith/Job, Esther, David and the Book of Kings. The final window, occupying the westernmost bay of the south wall brings this narrative of sacral kingship right up to date with a series of scenes showing the rediscovery of Christ's relics, the miracles they performed, and their relocation to Paris in the hands of King Louis himself.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_west_rose_window">The west rose window</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The west rose window"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 199.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 197.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)_-_Vision_of_7_candlesticks.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centerpiece- vision of the seven candlesticks"><img alt="Centerpiece- vision of the seven candlesticks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Vision_of_7_candlesticks.jpg/296px-Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Vision_of_7_candlesticks.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Vision_of_7_candlesticks.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Centerpiece- vision of the seven candlesticks </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)_-_Adoration_of_the_beast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adoration of the beast"><img alt="Adoration of the beast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Adoration_of_the_beast.jpg/315px-Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Adoration_of_the_beast.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Adoration_of_the_beast.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adoration of the beast </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 258px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte_Chapelle_-_Rosace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The chapel's flamboyant west rose window"><img alt="The chapel's flamboyant west rose window" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Rosace.jpg/387px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Rosace.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Rosace.jpg/581px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Rosace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Rosace.jpg/775px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Rosace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1549" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The chapel's <a href="/wiki/Flamboyant" title="Flamboyant">flamboyant</a> west rose window</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 203.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)_-_1st_Horseman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First horseman of the Apocalypse"><img alt="First horseman of the Apocalypse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_1st_Horseman.jpg/305px-Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_1st_Horseman.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_1st_Horseman.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First horseman of the Apocalypse </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)_-_Souls_under_altar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of rose window; souls under the altar"><img alt="Detail of rose window; souls under the altar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Souls_under_altar.jpg/308px-Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Souls_under_altar.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Rose_window_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_-_Souls_under_altar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of rose window; souls under the altar</div> </li> </ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rose_window" title="Rose window">rose window</a> at the west of the upper chapel was made in the late 15th century, later than the other windows. It is a very fine example of the <a href="/wiki/Flamboyant" title="Flamboyant">flamboyant</a> Gothic style, named for the flamelike curling designs. It is nine meters in diameter, and is composed of eighty-nine separate panels representing scenes of the <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a>. The 15th-century glass artists used a new technique, called <a href="/wiki/Silver_stain_(glass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver stain (glass)">silver stain</a>, which allowed them to paint on the glass with enamel paints, and to use fire to fuse the paint onto the glass. This allowed them to modify the color, and create shading and other fine details. It was thoroughly cleaned in 2014–15, giving it greater brightness and clarity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201262–63_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201262–63-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stained_glass_from_Saint-Chapelle_in_other_museums">Stained glass from Saint-Chapelle in other museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Stained glass from Saint-Chapelle in other museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the early stained glass that was removed from Saint-Chapelle is now found in the other museums, including the National Museum of the Middle Ages, or <a href="/wiki/Musee_de_Cluny" class="mw-redirect" title="Musee de Cluny">Musee de Cluny</a>, in Paris and the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> in London. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of a stained-glass window depicting a baptism (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)"><img alt="Detail of a stained-glass window depicting a baptism (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg/322px-Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg/483px-Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg/644px-Baptism_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_Cl23717.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of a stained-glass window depicting a baptism (late 12th century) (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a>) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_MNMA_Vitrail_SC_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Resurrection of the dead (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)"><img alt="The Resurrection of the dead (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paris_-_MNMA_Vitrail_SC_02.jpg/300px-Paris_-_MNMA_Vitrail_SC_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paris_-_MNMA_Vitrail_SC_02.jpg/450px-Paris_-_MNMA_Vitrail_SC_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paris_-_MNMA_Vitrail_SC_02.jpg/600px-Paris_-_MNMA_Vitrail_SC_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Resurrection of the dead (late 12th century) (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Saul_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_ClDS1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Saul and David (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)"><img alt="King Saul and David (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/David_Saul_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_ClDS1891.jpg/321px-David_Saul_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_ClDS1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/David_Saul_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_ClDS1891.jpg/482px-David_Saul_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_ClDS1891.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/David_Saul_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_ClDS1891.jpg/643px-David_Saul_Sainte-Chapelle_MNMA_ClDS1891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King Saul and David (late 12th century) (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MNMA,_daniel_in_front_of_Nabuchodonosor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel and Dream of Nebuchadnezzar (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)"><img alt="Daniel and Dream of Nebuchadnezzar (late 12th century) (Musée de Cluny)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/MNMA%2C_daniel_in_front_of_Nabuchodonosor.JPG/364px-MNMA%2C_daniel_in_front_of_Nabuchodonosor.JPG" decoding="async" width="243" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/MNMA%2C_daniel_in_front_of_Nabuchodonosor.JPG/546px-MNMA%2C_daniel_in_front_of_Nabuchodonosor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/MNMA%2C_daniel_in_front_of_Nabuchodonosor.JPG/728px-MNMA%2C_daniel_in_front_of_Nabuchodonosor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1207" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Daniel and Dream of Nebuchadnezzar (late 12th century) (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 137.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 135.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimania_2014_-_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum_-_Stained_Glass_-_Saint_Chapelle-_Old_Testament_Scenes-Bottom221011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scene from Book of Ezekiel (mid 12th century) (Victoria and Albert Museum)"><img alt="Scene from Book of Ezekiel (mid 12th century) (Victoria and Albert Museum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wikimania_2014_-_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum_-_Stained_Glass_-_Saint_Chapelle-_Old_Testament_Scenes-Bottom221011.jpg/203px-Wikimania_2014_-_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum_-_Stained_Glass_-_Saint_Chapelle-_Old_Testament_Scenes-Bottom221011.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wikimania_2014_-_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum_-_Stained_Glass_-_Saint_Chapelle-_Old_Testament_Scenes-Bottom221011.jpg/305px-Wikimania_2014_-_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum_-_Stained_Glass_-_Saint_Chapelle-_Old_Testament_Scenes-Bottom221011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wikimania_2014_-_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum_-_Stained_Glass_-_Saint_Chapelle-_Old_Testament_Scenes-Bottom221011.jpg/407px-Wikimania_2014_-_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum_-_Stained_Glass_-_Saint_Chapelle-_Old_Testament_Scenes-Bottom221011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scene from <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a> (mid 12th century) (<a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_decoration">Art and decoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Art and decoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Par%C3%ADs_Sainte_Chapelle_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the portal of the upper chapel; Christ and the Last Judgement by Geoffroy-Dechaume"><img alt="Detail of the portal of the upper chapel; Christ and the Last Judgement by Geoffroy-Dechaume" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Par%C3%ADs_Sainte_Chapelle_05.JPG/450px-Par%C3%ADs_Sainte_Chapelle_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Par%C3%ADs_Sainte_Chapelle_05.JPG/675px-Par%C3%ADs_Sainte_Chapelle_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Par%C3%ADs_Sainte_Chapelle_05.JPG/900px-Par%C3%ADs_Sainte_Chapelle_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the portal of the upper chapel; Christ and the Last Judgement by Geoffroy-Dechaume </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Creation_of_Eve-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The creation of Eve from Adam's rib (portal of upper chapel)"><img alt="The creation of Eve from Adam's rib (portal of upper chapel)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Relief_Creation_of_Eve-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris.jpg/534px-Relief_Creation_of_Eve-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Relief_Creation_of_Eve-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris.jpg/800px-Relief_Creation_of_Eve-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Relief_Creation_of_Eve-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris.jpg/1067px-Relief_Creation_of_Eve-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The creation of Eve from Adam's rib (portal of upper chapel)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_of_Noah%27s_Ark-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Relief sculpture of Noah's ark and the flood (portal of upper chapel)"><img alt="Relief sculpture of Noah's ark and the flood (portal of upper chapel)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Relief_of_Noah%27s_Ark-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris-2.jpg/534px-Relief_of_Noah%27s_Ark-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Relief_of_Noah%27s_Ark-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris-2.jpg/800px-Relief_of_Noah%27s_Ark-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Relief_of_Noah%27s_Ark-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris-2.jpg/1067px-Relief_of_Noah%27s_Ark-Sainte-Chapelle-Paris-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Relief sculpture of Noah's ark and the flood (portal of upper chapel)</div> </li> </ul> <p>Most of the sculpture of the portals was destroyed during the French Revolution, but between 1855 and 1870 the sculptor Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume was able to recreate it, using 18th century descriptions and engravings. One of the major works he recreated was the tympanum over the portal of the upper chapel, with a figure of Christ giving a blessing, with the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist alongside him. Two angels are behind him, holding the crown of thorns and the cross, the most famous relics of the chapel. On the lintel below, the sculpture depicts Saint Michael weighing the souls of the dead, with those sent to heaven on the left and those damned on the right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234–35_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234–35-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sculpted Biblical scenes from the Old Testament fill the panels on lower walls, including the Creation and Noah's ark. They were made by Geoffroy-Dechaume in 1869–70. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nord_Sainte_Chapelle_Ange.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carved angel on the alcove of the King, north wall"><img alt="Carved angel on the alcove of the King, north wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nord_Sainte_Chapelle_Ange.jpg/225px-Nord_Sainte_Chapelle_Ange.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nord_Sainte_Chapelle_Ange.jpg/337px-Nord_Sainte_Chapelle_Ange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Nord_Sainte_Chapelle_Ange.jpg/450px-Nord_Sainte_Chapelle_Ange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carved angel on the alcove of the King, north wall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)_19.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Carved angels holding crown of thorns in the apse (13th century)"><img alt="Carved angels holding crown of thorns in the apse (13th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_19.JPG/400px-Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_19.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_19.JPG/600px-Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_19.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_19.JPG/800px-Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_19.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carved angels holding crown of thorns in the apse (13th century) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture above the alcove of the King, upper chapel (13th c.)"><img alt="Sculpture above the alcove of the King, upper chapel (13th c.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_26.jpg/450px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_26.jpg/675px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_26.jpg/899px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5678" data-file-height="3789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture above the alcove of the King, upper chapel (13th c.) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture above the alcove of the Queen, upper chapel (13th c.)"><img alt="Sculpture above the alcove of the Queen, upper chapel (13th c.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_25.jpg/450px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_25.jpg/674px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_25.jpg/899px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="3092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture above the alcove of the Queen, upper chapel (13th c.) </div> </li> </ul> <p>While most of the sculpture on the exterior dates to the 19th century, the apse of the upper chapel contains a number of original 12th century statues, which, unlike the exterior statues, were polychrome. Traces of color were found during the restoration in the 19th century, and the statues were restored to include those colors. The arches of the tribune in the apse at the east end, where the case of sacred relics was placed, is ornamented with the original polychrome angels from the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201237–39_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201237–39-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the Apostles"><img alt="One of the Apostles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_15.jpg/200px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_15.jpg/300px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_15.jpg/400px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="5246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the Apostles </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintLouisSainteChapelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Louis IX (Note the fleur-de-lis and castle symbols on the columns, symbolic of his royal ancestry through his parents, Louis VIII Capet of France, and Blanche of Castile.)"><img alt="Statue of Louis IX (Note the fleur-de-lis and castle symbols on the columns, symbolic of his royal ancestry through his parents, Louis VIII Capet of France, and Blanche of Castile.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SaintLouisSainteChapelle.jpg/233px-SaintLouisSainteChapelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SaintLouisSainteChapelle.jpg/349px-SaintLouisSainteChapelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/SaintLouisSainteChapelle.jpg/466px-SaintLouisSainteChapelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="2689" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Louis IX (Note the fleur-de-lis and castle symbols on the columns, symbolic of his royal ancestry through his parents, Louis VIII Capet of France, and Blanche of Castile.) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte_Chapelle_-_Detail_Sculpture_Mur_Nord.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture on north wall of upper chapel"><img alt="Sculpture on north wall of upper chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Detail_Sculpture_Mur_Nord.jpg/199px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Detail_Sculpture_Mur_Nord.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Detail_Sculpture_Mur_Nord.jpg/299px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Detail_Sculpture_Mur_Nord.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sainte_Chapelle_-_Detail_Sculpture_Mur_Nord.jpg/399px-Sainte_Chapelle_-_Detail_Sculpture_Mur_Nord.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture on north wall of upper chapel </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_at_the_Sainte-Chapelle_(3561584171).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the Apostles, north wall"><img alt="One of the Apostles, north wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Statue_at_the_Sainte-Chapelle_%283561584171%29.jpg/225px-Statue_at_the_Sainte-Chapelle_%283561584171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Statue_at_the_Sainte-Chapelle_%283561584171%29.jpg/337px-Statue_at_the_Sainte-Chapelle_%283561584171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Statue_at_the_Sainte-Chapelle_%283561584171%29.jpg/450px-Statue_at_the_Sainte-Chapelle_%283561584171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the Apostles, north wall </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John_Sainte_Chapelle_MNMA_Cl18666.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. John, undecorated (now in the Museum of the Middle Ages Hotel de Cluny)"><img alt="St. John, undecorated (now in the Museum of the Middle Ages Hotel de Cluny)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/St_John_Sainte_Chapelle_MNMA_Cl18666.jpg/151px-St_John_Sainte_Chapelle_MNMA_Cl18666.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/St_John_Sainte_Chapelle_MNMA_Cl18666.jpg/226px-St_John_Sainte_Chapelle_MNMA_Cl18666.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/St_John_Sainte_Chapelle_MNMA_Cl18666.jpg/302px-St_John_Sainte_Chapelle_MNMA_Cl18666.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="2620" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. John, undecorated (now in the Museum of the Middle Ages <a href="/wiki/Hotel_de_Cluny" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel de Cluny">Hotel de Cluny</a>) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)_25.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An Apostle, north wall"><img alt="An Apostle, north wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_25.JPG/225px-Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_25.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_25.JPG/337px-Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_25.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_25.JPG/450px-Interior_of_Sainte-Chapelle_%28Paris%29_25.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An Apostle, north wall </div> </li> </ul> <p>The upper chapel walls also displayed a group of sixteen statues of the Apostles, which date to about 1240. Some portray the apostles in simple classical costumes and bare feet, while others are polychrome and have much more elaborate clerical costumes. Some of these statues are now found in the collection of the National Museum of the Middle Ages in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_(75),_Sainte-Chapelle,_chapelle_basse,_chapiteaux_au_revers_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lower chapel, column capital on reverse of west front. Castles and fleur-de-lis symbols seen here on the columns, are found throughout the chapel, relating to the two royal families from which Louis IX descended (the Capet fleur-de-lis through his father, Louis VIII of France, and the Castile castle through his mother, Blanche of Castile)."><img alt="Lower chapel, column capital on reverse of west front. Castles and fleur-de-lis symbols seen here on the columns, are found throughout the chapel, relating to the two royal families from which Louis IX descended (the Capet fleur-de-lis through his father, Louis VIII of France, and the Castile castle through his mother, Blanche of Castile)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_basse%2C_chapiteaux_au_revers_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade.JPG/400px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_basse%2C_chapiteaux_au_revers_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_basse%2C_chapiteaux_au_revers_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade.JPG/600px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_basse%2C_chapiteaux_au_revers_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_basse%2C_chapiteaux_au_revers_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade.JPG/800px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_chapelle_basse%2C_chapiteaux_au_revers_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lower chapel, column capital on reverse of west front. Castles and fleur-de-lis symbols seen here on the columns, are found throughout the chapel, relating to the two royal families from which Louis IX descended (the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">Capet</a> fleur-de-lis through his father, Louis VIII of France, and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> castle through his mother, Blanche of Castile).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Innen_Oberkirche_Westwand_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of the west facade; Christ with Angels, Sts. Isaiah and Jeremiah in the quadrilobes (painting by Steinheil, 1856)"><img alt="Interior of the west facade; Christ with Angels, Sts. Isaiah and Jeremiah in the quadrilobes (painting by Steinheil, 1856)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Innen_Oberkirche_Westwand_3.jpg/370px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Innen_Oberkirche_Westwand_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Innen_Oberkirche_Westwand_3.jpg/554px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Innen_Oberkirche_Westwand_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Innen_Oberkirche_Westwand_3.jpg/739px-Paris_Sainte-Chapelle_Innen_Oberkirche_Westwand_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4161" data-file-height="3378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of the west facade; Christ with Angels, Sts. Isaiah and Jeremiah in the quadrilobes (painting by Steinheil, 1856)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wall decoration, with fleur-de-lis in the background, and the castle symbol of the Kingdom of Castile in the foreground. Throughout the chapel, symbols of fleur-de-lis and castles are found repeatedly, in a nod to Louis IX's royal heritage (the fleur-de-lis of the French Capet family through his father, Louis VIII, and the castle of the royal Spanish Castile family, the royal heritage of his mother, Blanche of Castile)."><img alt="Wall decoration, with fleur-de-lis in the background, and the castle symbol of the Kingdom of Castile in the foreground. Throughout the chapel, symbols of fleur-de-lis and castles are found repeatedly, in a nod to Louis IX's royal heritage (the fleur-de-lis of the French Capet family through his father, Louis VIII, and the castle of the royal Spanish Castile family, the royal heritage of his mother, Blanche of Castile)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_02.jpg/411px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_02.jpg/617px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_02.jpg/823px-Paris-Sainte_Chapelle_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5678" data-file-height="4142" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wall decoration, with <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> in the background, and the castle symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a> in the foreground. Throughout the chapel, symbols of fleur-de-lis and castles are found repeatedly, in a nod to Louis IX's royal heritage (the fleur-de-lis of the French <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">Capet</a> family through his father, <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII</a>, and the castle of the royal Spanish Castile family, the royal heritage of his mother, <a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a>). </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sainte-Chapelle_haute27.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Quadrilobe painting of martyrdom of an Apostle, upper chapel (19th c. restitution of 13th c. decor)"><img alt="Quadrilobe painting of martyrdom of an Apostle, upper chapel (19th c. restitution of 13th c. decor)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sainte-Chapelle_haute27.JPG/400px-Sainte-Chapelle_haute27.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sainte-Chapelle_haute27.JPG/600px-Sainte-Chapelle_haute27.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sainte-Chapelle_haute27.JPG/800px-Sainte-Chapelle_haute27.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Quadrilobe painting of martyrdom of an Apostle, upper chapel (19th c. restitution of 13th c. decor) </div> </li> </ul> <p>The goal of the two principal architects of the 19th century restoration, Durban and Lassus, was to recreate the interior, as much as possible, as it appeared in the 13th century. They collected traces of the original polychrome paint from the columns, and in 1842 presented a comprehensive plan for interior decoration. In the soubassements, the lower portions where no traces of original color were found, they used a neutral tone, to avoid conflicting with the colors of the stained glass windows. For their palette of colors on other decoration, they drew upon the illuminations of a 13th-century book of Psalm from the Royal Library. They systematically repainted the forty-four 13th-century quadrilobe medallions on the stone arches of the soubassements, which depicted the martyrdom of saints presented against a gilded background. In 1845 Steinheil continued by repainting all of the medallions of the nave, with the exception of those in the two royal alcoves, following the original compositions. In 1983 the Service of Historic Monuments cleaned four of the medallions which had not been restored, and un-restored two which had been repainted, to study the original traces of paint from before 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201240–41_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201240–41-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_relics_and_the_reliquary">The relics and the reliquary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The relics and the reliquary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Sainte-Chapelle" title="Relics of Sainte-Chapelle">Relics of Sainte-Chapelle</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 475.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 473.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Livre_des_faiz_monseigneur_saint_Loys_-_BNF_Fr2829_f17r_(Saint_Louis_et_la_couronne_d%27%C3%A9pine)_detail_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis IX places the crown of thorns at Sainte-Chapelle (illuminated manuscript from 1480s)"><img alt="Louis IX places the crown of thorns at Sainte-Chapelle (illuminated manuscript from 1480s)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Livre_des_faiz_monseigneur_saint_Loys_-_BNF_Fr2829_f17r_%28Saint_Louis_et_la_couronne_d%27%C3%A9pine%29_detail_02.jpg/710px-Livre_des_faiz_monseigneur_saint_Loys_-_BNF_Fr2829_f17r_%28Saint_Louis_et_la_couronne_d%27%C3%A9pine%29_detail_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="474" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Livre_des_faiz_monseigneur_saint_Loys_-_BNF_Fr2829_f17r_%28Saint_Louis_et_la_couronne_d%27%C3%A9pine%29_detail_02.jpg/1065px-Livre_des_faiz_monseigneur_saint_Loys_-_BNF_Fr2829_f17r_%28Saint_Louis_et_la_couronne_d%27%C3%A9pine%29_detail_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Livre_des_faiz_monseigneur_saint_Loys_-_BNF_Fr2829_f17r_%28Saint_Louis_et_la_couronne_d%27%C3%A9pine%29_detail_02.jpg/1420px-Livre_des_faiz_monseigneur_saint_Loys_-_BNF_Fr2829_f17r_%28Saint_Louis_et_la_couronne_d%27%C3%A9pine%29_detail_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2630" data-file-height="1112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Louis IX places the crown of thorns at Sainte-Chapelle (illuminated manuscript from 1480s)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_(75),_Sainte-Chapelle,_grande_ch%C3%A2sse_en_1790.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grande Châsse, or reliquary, in 1790"><img alt="The Grande Châsse, or reliquary, in 1790" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_grande_ch%C3%A2sse_en_1790.png/235px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_grande_ch%C3%A2sse_en_1790.png" decoding="async" width="157" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_grande_ch%C3%A2sse_en_1790.png/352px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_grande_ch%C3%A2sse_en_1790.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_grande_ch%C3%A2sse_en_1790.png/470px-Paris_%2875%29%2C_Sainte-Chapelle%2C_grande_ch%C3%A2sse_en_1790.png 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="1289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Grande Châsse, or reliquary, in 1790 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crown of Thorns in gilded crystal case (Notre-Dame de Paris, now in Louvre)"><img alt="Crown of Thorns in gilded crystal case (Notre-Dame de Paris, now in Louvre)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg/277px-Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg/416px-Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg/554px-Couronne_d%27epines_-_Crown_of_Thorns_Notre_Dame_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crown of Thorns in gilded crystal case (Notre-Dame de Paris, now in Louvre)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris,_France._CATEDRALA_NOTRE-DAME_(Trezoreria)_(Bustul_lui_Saint_Louis)(PA00086250).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reliquary bust of Louis IX (Notre-Dame de Paris)"><img alt="Reliquary bust of Louis IX (Notre-Dame de Paris)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paris%2C_France._CATEDRALA_NOTRE-DAME_%28Trezoreria%29_%28Bustul_lui_Saint_Louis%29%28PA00086250%29.jpg/534px-Paris%2C_France._CATEDRALA_NOTRE-DAME_%28Trezoreria%29_%28Bustul_lui_Saint_Louis%29%28PA00086250%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paris%2C_France._CATEDRALA_NOTRE-DAME_%28Trezoreria%29_%28Bustul_lui_Saint_Louis%29%28PA00086250%29.jpg/801px-Paris%2C_France._CATEDRALA_NOTRE-DAME_%28Trezoreria%29_%28Bustul_lui_Saint_Louis%29%28PA00086250%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paris%2C_France._CATEDRALA_NOTRE-DAME_%28Trezoreria%29_%28Bustul_lui_Saint_Louis%29%28PA00086250%29.jpg/1067px-Paris%2C_France._CATEDRALA_NOTRE-DAME_%28Trezoreria%29_%28Bustul_lui_Saint_Louis%29%28PA00086250%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reliquary bust of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a> (<a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <p>The principal relics for which the chapel was built were the crown of thorns, believed to have been worn by Christ during his <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion of Christ">Passion</a>, and a small piece of the cross on which he was crucified. These were found Constantinople, which had been captured by the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> in 1204, and was then ruled by Baudouin II of Cortenay. Baudouin agreed to sell the crown for 135,000 <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois">livres</a>, which went primarily to Venetian bankers, to whom he had mortgaged the crown to pay for the defence of the city. By purchasing the crown, Louis gained the prestige of funding the conquest of Constantinople, as well as displaying his personal devotion. The crown arrived in August 1239 and was placed in the earlier royal chapel of St. Nicholas, near the palace. Two years later, he made an additional purchase from Baudouin of a piece of the <a href="/wiki/True_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="True cross">true cross</a> and other relics related to the Passion, which were brought to Paris in September 1241. Thereafter, on each <a href="/wiki/Holy_Friday" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Friday">Holy Friday</a>, the day of the Crucifixion, he conducted a solemn ceremony at Sainte-Chapelle, in which the relic was brought out and displayed to the faithful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The King had a large <a href="/wiki/Chasse_(casket)" title="Chasse (casket)">chasse</a> made to hold and display the sacred objects. This was a case, open on the front, 2.7 meters (8 ft 10 in) long, made of silver and gilded copper. Each of the individual objects had its own case of precious metal with jewels. This was originally placed above the altar, but between 1264 and 1267, it was placed atop a high tribune in the apse of the church, where everyone could see it. In 1306, a new sacred relic was added: a portion of the skull of Louis himself, since he had been declared a saint.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201215_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201215-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the French Revolution, the Chasse and the vessels holding the relics were taken apart and melted down for their jewels and precious metals. The fragment of the cross was transferred first in 1793 to a collection of antiquities, then given to the Bishop of Paris. A new reliquary of gold and crystal was made for the crown of thorns. Since the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a>, it was displayed in the treasury of the cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre Dame de Paris">Notre Dame de Paris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201215_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201215-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was saved from the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame de Paris fire">Notre-Dame de Paris fire</a> on 15 April 2019 and has since been kept in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organ">Organ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Organ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plusieurs_singularit%C3%A9s_sainte_chapelle_orgues_cellier.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The late 16th-century organ by Jacques Cellier"><img alt="The late 16th-century organ by Jacques Cellier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Plusieurs_singularit%C3%A9s_sainte_chapelle_orgues_cellier.png/251px-Plusieurs_singularit%C3%A9s_sainte_chapelle_orgues_cellier.png" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Plusieurs_singularit%C3%A9s_sainte_chapelle_orgues_cellier.png/377px-Plusieurs_singularit%C3%A9s_sainte_chapelle_orgues_cellier.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Plusieurs_singularit%C3%A9s_sainte_chapelle_orgues_cellier.png/502px-Plusieurs_singularit%C3%A9s_sainte_chapelle_orgues_cellier.png 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The late 16th-century organ by Jacques Cellier</div> </li> </ul> <p>An organ is attested from the beginning; it was replaced in 1493, 1550 and 1762. it was not until July 1791 when the organ was transferred from the Sainte-Chapelle to <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain_l%27Auxerrois" title="Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois">Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois</a> due to the French Revolution. The organ was built by François-Henri Clicquot, in a case designed by Pierre-Noël Rousset in 1752. However, its Neoclassical style seems to some writers to be too modern for that date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Saintes-Chapelles">Other <i>Saintes-Chapelles</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other Saintes-Chapelles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the dissolution of the Sainte-Chapelle in 1803, following the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the term "Sainte-Chapelle royale" also referred not only to the building but to the <i>chapelle</i> itself, the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle_(choir)" title="Sainte-Chapelle (choir)">choir of Sainte-Chapelle</a>. However, the term was also applied to a number of other buildings. Louis IX's chapel inspired several "copies", in the sense of royal or ducal chapels of broadly similar architectural form, built to house relics, particularly fragments of Louis' Passion Relics given by the King.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such chapels were normally attached to a ducal palace (e.g. Bourges, Riom), or else to an Abbey with particular links to the royal family (e.g. St-Germer-de-Fly). As with the original, such Holy Chapels were nearly always additional to the regular palatine or abbatial chapel, with their own dedicated clergy—usually established as a college of canons.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the patrons, such chapels served not only as public expressions of personal piety but also as valuable diplomatic tools, encouraging important visitors to come and venerate their relics and showing their connection to the French crown. Notable <i>Saintes-Chapelles</i> in France include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon-l%27Archambault" title="Bourbon-l'Archambault">Bourbon-l'Archambault</a>: Founded <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1310</span> by Louis IX's grandson, <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Louis I, Duke of Bourbon">Duke Louis I de Bourbon</a> to house a fragment of the True Cross</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a>: Founded <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1400</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaudun" title="Châteaudun">Châteaudun</a>: Founded 1451</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a>: Founded 1392 by Duke <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean de Berry">Jean de Berry</a> decorated with sculptures and stained glass by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Beauneveu" title="André Beauneveu">André Beauneveu</a>. Now destroyed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riom" title="Riom">Riom</a>: Founded 1382 by Jean de Berry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germer-de-Fly_Abbey" title="Saint-Germer-de-Fly Abbey">Saint-Germer-de-Fly Abbey</a>: A very similar structure, also called the Sainte-Chapelle, was erected twelve years after the Paris chapel as an addition to the abbey church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincennes" title="Vincennes">Vincennes</a>: Founded 1379 at one of the favourite Valois royal palaces by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a></li> <li>Vivier-en-Brie: Founded 1358 by the future Charles V while he was still the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a></li></ul> <p>As the status of Saint Louis grew among Europe's aristocracy, the influence of his famous chapel also extended beyond France, with important copies at <a href="/wiki/Karl%C5%A1tejn_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlštejn Castle">Karlštejn Castle</a> near Prague (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1360</span>), the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofburg Palace">Hofburgkapelle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> (consecrated 1449), <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_the_Holy_Cross_and_St._Bartholomew,_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew, Wrocław">Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomew, Wrocław</a> (c. 1350) and <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a> (1860). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Gothic_architecture" title="French Gothic architecture">French Gothic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Gothic_stained_glass_windows" title="French Gothic stained glass windows">French Gothic stained glass windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_cathedrals_and_churches" title="Gothic cathedrals and churches">Gothic cathedrals and churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_churches_in_Paris" title="List of historic churches in Paris">List of historic churches in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Leng_Memorial_Chapel" title="Lady Leng Memorial Chapel">Lady Leng Memorial Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Paris" title="List of tourist attractions in Paris">List of tourist attractions in Paris</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Events and dates of timeline from <a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 49</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ministry of Culture, Mérimée <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00086001">PA00086001 Sainte-Chapelle</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Erlande-Brandenburg" title="Alain Erlande-Brandenburg">Alain Erlande-Brandenburg</a>, <i>the Ste Chapelle</i> (Paris-Buildings) in <i>Grove Encyclopedia of Art</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParisDigest-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ParisDigest_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parisdigest.com/paris/paris-facts.htm">"Paris facts"</a>. Paris Digest. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paris+facts&rft.pub=Paris+Digest&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parisdigest.com%2Fparis%2Fparis-facts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance20126_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenk1995" class="citation book cs1">Brenk, Beat (1995). "The Sainte Chapelle as a Capetian Political Program". In Raguin, Virginia Chieffo; Brush, Kathryn; Draper, Peter (eds.). <i>Artistic integration in Gothic buildings</i>. University of Toronto Press. pp. 195–213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-7104-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-7104-1"><bdi>978-1-4426-7104-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sainte+Chapelle+as+a+Capetian+Political+Program&rft.btitle=Artistic+integration+in+Gothic+buildings&rft.pages=195-213&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-7104-1&rft.aulast=Brenk&rft.aufirst=Beat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meredith_Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meredith Cohen (page does not exist)">Cohen, Meredith</a> (2008). "An Indulgence for the Visitor: The Public at the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris". <i>Speculum</i>. <b>83</b> (4): 840–883. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS003871340001705X">10.1017/S003871340001705X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162738720">162738720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=An+Indulgence+for+the+Visitor%3A+The+Public+at+the+Sainte-Chapelle+of+Paris&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=840-883&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS003871340001705X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162738720%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel H. Weiss, <i>Architectural Symbolism and the Decoration of the Ste.-Chapelle</i>, in <i>The Art Bulletin</i>, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Jun. 1995), pp. 308-320, esp. p.317 n.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watkin, David, "A History of Western Architecture" (1986), p. 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erik Inglis, "Gothic Architecture and a Scholastic: Jean de Jandun's Tractatus de laudibus Parisius (1323)," <i>Gesta</i>, XLII/1 (2003), 63-85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201212–13-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201212–13_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201213-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201213_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201214_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a> conserves three panels from the "Judith" window, identified by M. Caviness, "Three medallions of stained glass from the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris", <i>Bulletin of the Philadelphia Museum of Art</i> <b>62</b> (July–September 1967:249-55).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Viollet-le-Duc, <i>Dictionnaire</i>, <i>s.v.</i> "Restauration", "Vitrail"; a modern reassessment of the stained-glass restorations, in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a>, is in Alyce A. Jordan, "Rationalizing the Narrative: Theory and Practice in the Nineteenth-Century Restoration of the Windows of the Sainte-Chapelle", <i>Gesta</i> <b>37</b>.2, Essays on Stained Glass in Memory of Jane Hayward (1918–1994) (1998:192-200).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201216-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201216_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-villum-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-villum_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-villum_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClavel2009" class="citation report cs1">Clavel, Sylvie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124151735/https://veluxfoundations.dk/sites/default/files/sainte-chapelle-uk.pdf">The stained-glass windows of the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). The Villum Foundation Annual Review, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://veluxfoundations.dk/sites/default/files/sainte-chapelle-uk.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+stained-glass+windows+of+the+Sainte-Chapelle%2C+Paris&rft.pub=The+Villum+Foundation+Annual+Review%2C+2009&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Clavel&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fveluxfoundations.dk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fsainte-chapelle-uk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mnf-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mnf_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelsspots.com/unveiling-the-magnificence-of-sainte-chapelle">"Sainte-Chapelle, Paris"</a>. <i>Centre des monuments nationaux: Discovery Area</i>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+des+monuments+nationaux%3A+Discovery+Area&rft.atitle=Sainte-Chapelle%2C+Paris&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelsspots.com%2Funveiling-the-magnificence-of-sainte-chapelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/20/sainte-chapelle-paris-stained-glass-window-restoration-completed">"Laser surgery restores Sainte-Chapelle stained glass window to Gothic glory"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 20 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Laser+surgery+restores+Sainte-Chapelle+stained+glass+window+to+Gothic+glory&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmay%2F20%2Fsainte-chapelle-paris-stained-glass-window-restoration-completed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Suckale" title="Robert Suckale">Robert Suckale</a>, <i>Pierre de Montreuil</i> in <i>Les Bâtisseurs des cathédrales gothiques</i>, Strasbourg, 1989, pp.181–85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranner1966-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranner1966_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranner1966_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBranner1966">Branner 1966</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201222_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranner1966" class="citation cs2">Branner, Robert (1966), <i>St Louis and the Court Style 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href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–31-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201226–31_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 26–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234–35-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234–35_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201234–35_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201236–37-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201236–37_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201244-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201244_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201249-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201249_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Les Vitraux de Notre-Dame et de la Sainte-Chapelle de Paris</i>, Corpus Vitrearum Media Aevi, Vol.1, Paris, 1959</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201262–63-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201262–63_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201237–39-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201237–39_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 37–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201240–41-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201240–41_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201215-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201215_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Finance201215_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Finance2012">de Finance 2012</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClicquot2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Clicquot, Athénaïs (9 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.aleteia.org/2019/09/09/notre-dame-la-couronne-depines-a-nouveau-presentee-a-la-veneration-des-fideles/">"Notre-Dame : la couronne d'épines à nouveau présentée à la vénération des fidèles"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notre-Dame+%3A+la+couronne+d%27%C3%A9pines+%C3%A0+nouveau+pr%C3%A9sent%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+la+v%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration+des+fid%C3%A8les&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft.aulast=Clicquot&rft.aufirst=Ath%C3%A9na%C3%AFs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.aleteia.org%2F2019%2F09%2F09%2Fnotre-dame-la-couronne-depines-a-nouveau-presentee-a-la-veneration-des-fideles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Hacker-Sück: <i>La Sainte-Chapelle et les chapelles palatines du moyen âge en France</i>, in <i>Cahiers Archéologiques</i>, Vol.13, 1962, pp.217–57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Branner, <i>The Sainte-Chapelle and the Capella regis in the Thirteenth Century</i>, in <i>Gesta</i>, Vol.10, 1971, pp.19–22</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisac1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brisac, Catherine (1994). <i>Le Vitrail</i> (in French). Paris: La Martinière. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-73-242117-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-73-242117-0"><bdi>2-73-242117-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Vitrail&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=La+Martini%C3%A8re&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=2-73-242117-0&rft.aulast=Brisac&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span>boom</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Finance2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Finance, Laurence (2012). <i>La Sainte-Chapelle- Palais de la Cité</i> (in French). Éditions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7577-0246-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7577-0246-8"><bdi>978-2-7577-0246-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Sainte-Chapelle-+Palais+de+la+Cit%C3%A9&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Patrimoine%2C+Centre+des+Monuments+Nationaux&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-7577-0246-8&rft.aulast=de+Finance&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavicchi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Cavicchi, Camilla (2019). "Origin and Dissemination of Images of the Saint Chapel". <i>Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography</i>. <b>44</b> (1–2): 57–77. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1522-7464">1522-7464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+in+Art%3A+International+Journal+for+Music+Iconography&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Dissemination+of+Images+of+the+Saint+Chapel&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=57-77&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=1522-7464&rft.aulast=Cavicchi&rft.aufirst=Camilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASainte-Chapelle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gebelin, F. (1937) <i>La Sainte Chapelle et la Conciergerie</i>. Paris.</li> <li>Smith, Elizabeth Bradford. (2015). ‘All my stained glass which I brought from Europe’: William Poyntell and the Sainte-Chapelle medallions." <i>Journal of the History of Collections.</i> V.27 (November): 323–334.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" class="extiw" title="commons:Sainte-Chapelle"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Sainte-Chapelle</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sainte-Chapelle_(Paris)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sainte-Chapelle (Paris)">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sainte-chapelle.fr/en/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193193#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption, Paris">Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Paris" title="Saint-Eustache, Paris">Saint-Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain_l%27Auxerrois" title="Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois">Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles_de_Paris" title="Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles de Paris">Saint-Leu-Saint-Gilles de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Paris" title="Saint-Roch, Paris">Saint-Roch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sainte-Chapelle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_V%C3%A9ro-Dodat" title="Galerie Véro-Dodat">Galerie Véro-Dodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Île de la Cité">Île de la Cité</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Justice,_Paris" title="Palais de Justice, Paris">Palais de Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Halles" title="Les Halles">Les Halles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medici_column" title="Medici column">Medici column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris">Musée des Arts décoratifs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs" title="Les Arts décoratifs">Les Arts décoratifs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Colette" title="Place Colette">Place Colette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe_du_Carrousel" title="Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel">Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Place du Châtelet">Place du Châtelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine_du_Palmier" title="Fontaine du Palmier">Fontaine du Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Théâtre du Châtelet">Théâtre du Châtelet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Place Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_au_Change" title="Pont au Change">Pont au Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_des_Arts" title="Pont des Arts">Pont des Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf" title="Pont Neuf">Pont Neuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Royal" title="Pont Royal">Pont Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_du_Vert-Galant" title="Square du Vert-Galant">Square du Vert-Galant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_nationale_du_Jeu_de_Paume" class="mw-redirect" title="Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume">Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paris Métro stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telet_station" title="Châtelet station">Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concorde_station" title="Concorde station">Concorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Marcel_station" title="Étienne Marcel station">Étienne Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Halles_station" title="Les Halles station">Les Halles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre%E2%80%93Rivoli_station" title="Louvre–Rivoli station">Louvre–Rivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Royal%E2%80%93Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_station" title="Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre station">Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf_station" title="Pont Neuf station">Pont Neuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramides_station" title="Pyramides station">Pyramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_station" title="Tuileries station">Tuileries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paris RER stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telet%E2%80%93Les_Halles_station" title="Châtelet–Les Halles station">Châtelet–Les Halles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Paris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Visitor_attractions_in_Paris" title="Template:Visitor attractions in Paris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Visitor_attractions_in_Paris" title="Template talk:Visitor attractions in Paris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Visitor_attractions_in_Paris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Visitor attractions in Paris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Paris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Paris" title="Tourism in Paris">Tourism in Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmarks_in_Paris" title="Landmarks in Paris">Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe_du_Carrousel" title="Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel">Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A8nes_de_Lut%C3%A8ce" title="Arènes de Lutèce">Arènes de Lutèce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Brongniart" title="Palais Brongniart">Bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Paris" title="Catacombs of Paris">Catacombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Austerlitz" title="Gare d'Austerlitz">Gare d'Austerlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_l%27Est" title="Gare de l'Est">Gare de l'Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon" title="Gare de Lyon">Gare de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Nord" title="Gare du Nord">Gare du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse" title="Gare Montparnasse">Gare Montparnasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_Saint-Lazare" title="Gare Saint-Lazare">Gare Saint-Lazare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(Fr%C3%A9miet)" title="Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet)">Jeanne d'Arc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Pyramid" title="Louvre Pyramid">Louvre Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor_Obelisks" title="Luxor Obelisks">Luxor Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od%C3%A9on-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_l%27Europe" title="Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe">Odéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_Bastille" title="Opéra Bastille">Opéra Bastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Opéra Garnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonie_de_Paris" title="Philharmonie de Paris">Philharmonie de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Diana" title="Place Diana">Place Diana</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flame_of_Liberty" title="Flame of Liberty">Flame of Liberty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Saint-Denis" title="Porte Saint-Denis">Porte Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Saint-Martin" title="Porte Saint-Martin">Porte Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_(building)" title="Sorbonne (building)">Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Montparnasse" title="Tour Montparnasse">Tour Montparnasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Museums_in_Paris" title="Museums in Paris">Museums</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Paris" title="List of museums in Paris">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Museum_(Paris)" title="Army Museum (Paris)">Army Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet" title="Musée Carnavalet">Carnavalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou" title="Centre Pompidou">Centre Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_des_Sciences_et_de_l%27Industrie" title="Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie">Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_nationale_du_Jeu_de_Paume" class="mw-redirect" title="Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume">Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_Foundation" title="Louis Vuitton Foundation">Louis Vuitton Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris">Musée des Arts décoratifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers" title="Musée des Arts et Métiers">Musée des Arts et Métiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_et_d%27Histoire_du_Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme">Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_Paris" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Balzac" title="Maison de Balzac">Maison de Balzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Bourdelle" title="Musée Bourdelle">Musée Bourdelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que" title="Musée de la Cinémathèque">Musée de la Cinémathèque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Cognacq-Jay" title="Musée Cognacq-Jay">Musée Cognacq-Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Gr%C3%A9vin" title="Musée Grévin">Musée Grévin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimet_Museum" title="Guimet Museum">Musée Guimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Victor_Hugo" title="Maison de Victor Hugo">Maison de Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Jacquemart-Andr%C3%A9" title="Musée Jacquemart-André">Musée Jacquemart-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Marmottan_Monet" title="Musée Marmottan Monet">Musée Marmottan Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Montmartre" title="Musée de Montmartre">Musée de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Musée national Eugène Delacroix">Musée national Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_Gustave_Moreau" title="Musée national Gustave Moreau">Musée national Gustave Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_des_Monuments_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Musée national des Monuments Français">Musée national des Monuments Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History,_France" title="National Museum of Natural History, France">Muséum national d'histoire naturelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Orangerie" title="Musée de l'Orangerie">Musée de l'Orangerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Pasteur" title="Musée Pasteur">Musée Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso" title="Musée Picasso">Musée Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Quai_Branly_%E2%80%93_Jacques_Chirac" title="Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac">Musée du Quai Branly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Rodin" title="Musée Rodin">Musée Rodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27Honneur" title="Palais de la Légion d'Honneur">Palais de la Légion d'Honneur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" title="Musée de la Légion d'honneur">Musée de la Légion d'honneur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Vie_romantique" title="Musée de la Vie romantique">Musée de la Vie romantique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_buildings_in_Paris" title="List of religious buildings in Paris">Religious buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Paris" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Paris">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cathedral_in_Paris" title="American Cathedral in Paris">American Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Church_in_Paris" title="American Church in Paris">American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Baptist" title="Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist">Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapelle_expiatoire" title="Chapelle expiatoire">Chapelle expiatoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Paris" title="Grand Mosque of Paris">Grand Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Synagogue_of_Paris" title="Grand Synagogue of Paris">Grand Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_de_Nazareth" title="Synagogue de Nazareth">Synagogue de Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Paris" title="La Madeleine, Paris">La Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle" title="Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle">Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Lorette,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Paris">Notre-Dame-de-Lorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Victoires,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Paris">Notre-Dame-des-Victoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur,_Paris" title="Sacré-Cœur, Paris">Sacré-Cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ambroise,_Paris" title="Saint-Ambroise, Paris">Saint Ambroise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin,_Paris" title="Saint-Augustin, Paris">Saint-Augustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-du-Mont" title="Saint-Étienne-du-Mont">Saint-Étienne-du-Mont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Paris" title="Saint-Eustache, Paris">Saint-Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier,_Paris" title="Saint-François-Xavier, Paris">Saint-François-Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s_(abbey)" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés (abbey)">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain_l%27Auxerrois" title="Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois">Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais" title="Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais">Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Saint-Jacques" title="Tour Saint-Jacques">Tour Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean_de_Montmartre" title="Saint-Jean de Montmartre">Saint-Jean de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis" title="Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis">Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre_de_Montmartre" title="Saint-Pierre de Montmartre">Saint-Pierre de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Paris" title="Saint-Roch, Paris">Saint-Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice,_Paris" title="Saint-Sulpice, Paris">Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vincent-de-Paul,_Paris" title="Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris">Saint-Vincent-de-Paul</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sainte-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Clotilde,_Paris" title="Sainte-Clotilde, Paris">Sainte-Clotilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9,_Paris" title="Sainte-Trinité, Paris">Sainte-Trinité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_du_Marais" title="Temple du Marais">Temple du Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Gr%C3%A2ce_(church)" title="Val-de-Grâce (church)">Val-de-Grâce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hôtels particuliers<br />and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Beauvais" title="Hôtel de Beauvais">Hôtel de Beauvais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Charost" title="Hôtel de Charost">Hôtel de Charost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Crillon" title="Hôtel de Crillon">Hôtel de Crillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Hôtel d'Estrées">Hôtel d'Estrées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_la_Pa%C3%AFva" title="Hôtel de la Païva">Hôtel de la Païva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Pontalba" title="Hôtel de Pontalba">Hôtel de Pontalba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Sens" title="Hôtel de Sens">Hôtel de Sens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Soubise" title="Hôtel de Soubise">Hôtel de Soubise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Sully" title="Hôtel de Sully">Hôtel de Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Lambert" title="Hôtel Lambert">Hôtel Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Matignon" title="Hôtel Matignon">Hôtel Matignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Luxembourg" title="Petit Luxembourg">Petit Luxembourg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Bourbon" title="Palais Bourbon">Palais Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Justice,_Paris" title="Palais de Justice, Paris">Palais de Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Palais de la Cité">Palais de la Cité</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges, streets,<br />areas, squares<br />and waterways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra" title="Avenue de l'Opéra">Avenue de l'Opéra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Foch" title="Avenue Foch">Avenue Foch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_George_V" title="Avenue George V">Avenue George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_de_la_Madeleine" title="Boulevard de la Madeleine">Boulevard de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_de_S%C3%A9bastopol" title="Boulevard de Sébastopol">Boulevard de Sébastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_de_l%27Ourcq" title="Canal de l'Ourcq">Canal de l'Ourcq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Saint-Martin" title="Canal Saint-Martin">Canal Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars" title="Champ de Mars">Champ de Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_passages_of_Paris" title="Covered passages of Paris">Covered passages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_V%C3%A9ro-Dodat" title="Galerie Véro-Dodat">Galerie Véro-Dodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Choiseul" title="Passage Choiseul">Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_des_Panoramas" title="Passage des Panoramas">Panoramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_Vivienne" title="Galerie Vivienne">Galerie Vivienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_du_Havre" title="Passage du Havre">Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Jouffroy" title="Passage Jouffroy">Jouffroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Brady" title="Passage Brady">Brady</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter,_Paris" title="Latin Quarter, Paris">Latin Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marais" title="The Marais">Le Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montparnasse" title="Montparnasse">Montparnasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Diana" title="Place Diana">Place Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Dauphine" title="Place Dauphine">Place Dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bastille" title="Place de la Bastille">Place de la Bastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Nation" title="Place de la Nation">Place de la Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" title="Place de la République">Place de la République</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_%C3%89meutes-de-Stonewall" title="Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall">Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Place des États-Unis">Place des États-Unis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Pyramides" title="Place des Pyramides">Place des Pyramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Victoires" title="Place des Victoires">Place des Victoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Vosges" title="Place des Vosges">Place des Vosges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Place du Châtelet">Place du Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Tertre" title="Place du Tertre">Place du Tertre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Saint-Michel" title="Place Saint-Michel">Place Saint-Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Place Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Alexandre_III" title="Pont Alexandre III">Pont Alexandre III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27I%C3%A9na" title="Pont d'Iéna">Pont d'Iéna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Bir-Hakeim" title="Pont de Bir-Hakeim">Pont de Bir-Hakeim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_des_Arts" title="Pont des Arts">Pont des Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf" title="Pont Neuf">Pont Neuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_du_Louvre" title="Port du Louvre">Port du Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rive_Gauche" title="Rive Gauche">Rive Gauche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Basse" title="Rue Basse">Rue Basse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Bonaparte" title="Rue Bonaparte">Rue Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Charlemagne" title="Rue Charlemagne">Rue Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_d%27Argenteuil" title="Rue d'Argenteuil">Rue d'Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Ferronnerie" title="Rue de la Ferronnerie">Rue de la Ferronnerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Paix,_Paris" title="Rue de la Paix, Paris">Rue de la Paix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Sourdi%C3%A8re" title="Rue de la Sourdière">Rue de la Sourdière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Montmorency" title="Rue de Montmorency">Rue de Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Richelieu" title="Rue de Richelieu">Rue de Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Rivoli" title="Rue de Rivoli">Rue de Rivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Vaugirard" title="Rue de Vaugirard">Rue de Vaugirard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Francs-Bourgeois" title="Rue des Francs-Bourgeois">Rue des Francs-Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Lombards" title="Rue des Lombards">Rue des Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré">Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Elz%C3%A9vir" title="Rue Elzévir">Rue Elzévir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Foyatier" title="Rue Foyatier">Rue Foyatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Moli%C3%A8re" title="Rue Molière">Rue Molière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Montorgueil" title="Rue Montorgueil">Rue Montorgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Radziwill" title="Rue Radziwill">Rue Radziwill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Rambuteau" title="Rue Rambuteau">Rue Rambuteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Mond%C3%A9tour" title="Rue Mondétour">Rue Mondétour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Pastourelle" title="Rue Pastourelle">Rue Pastourelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Rosiers" title="Rue des Rosiers">Rue des Rosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">Rue Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Denis_(Paris)" title="Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)">Rue Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Sainte-Anne" title="Rue Sainte-Anne">Rue Sainte-Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocad%C3%A9ro,_Paris" title="Trocadéro, Paris">Trocadéro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaduc_d%27Austerlitz" title="Viaduc d'Austerlitz">Viaduc d'Austerlitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_parks_and_gardens_of_Paris" title="History of parks and gardens of Paris">Parks and gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne">Bois de Boulogne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_d%27Acclimatation" title="Jardin d'Acclimatation">Jardin d'Acclimatation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parc_floral_de_Paris" title="Parc floral de Paris">Parc floral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_du_Luxembourg" title="Jardin du Luxembourg">Jardin du Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Andr%C3%A9-Citro%C3%ABn" title="Parc André-Citroën">Parc André-Citroën</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Clichy-Batignolles_%E2%80%93_Martin_Luther_King" title="Parc Clichy-Batignolles – Martin Luther King">Parc Clichy-Batignolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Belleville" title="Parc de Belleville">Parc de Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Bercy" title="Parc de Bercy">Parc de Bercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_la_Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge" title="Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge">Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Buttes_Chaumont" title="Parc des Buttes Chaumont">Parc des Buttes Chaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Georges-Brassens" title="Parc Georges-Brassens">Parc Georges-Brassens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Monceau" title="Parc Monceau">Parc Monceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Montsouris" title="Parc Montsouris">Parc Montsouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coul%C3%A9e_verte_Ren%C3%A9-Dumont" title="Coulée verte René-Dumont">Coulée verte René-Dumont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accor_Arena" title="Accor Arena">Accor Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteuil_Hippodrome" title="Auteuil Hippodrome">Auteuil Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Georges_Carpentier" title="Halle Georges Carpentier">Halle Georges Carpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longchamp_Racecourse" title="Longchamp Racecourse">Longchamp Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Princes" title="Parc des Princes">Parc des Princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscine_Molitor" title="Piscine Molitor">Piscine Molitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_de_La_Chapelle_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte de La Chapelle Arena">Porte de La Chapelle Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Jean-Bouin_(Paris)" title="Stade Jean-Bouin (Paris)">Stade Jean Bouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Pershing" title="Stade Pershing">Stade Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Pierre_de_Coubertin_(Paris)" title="Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris)">Stade Pierre de Coubertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Roland_Garros" title="Stade Roland Garros">Stade Roland Garros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_S%C3%A9bastien_Charl%C3%A9ty" title="Stade Sébastien Charléty">Stade Sébastien Charléty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Hippodrome de Vincennes">Vincennes Hippodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_Cemetery" title="Montmartre Cemetery">Montmartre Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montparnasse_Cemetery" title="Montparnasse Cemetery">Montparnasse Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passy_Cemetery" title="Passy Cemetery">Passy Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde%27s_tomb" title="Oscar Wilde's tomb">Oscar Wilde's tomb</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picpus_Cemetery" title="Picpus Cemetery">Picpus Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Région parisienne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27%C3%89couen" title="Château d'Écouen">Château d'Écouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chantilly" title="Château de Chantilly">Château de Chantilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Château de Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Malmaison" title="Château de Malmaison">Château de Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rambouillet" title="Château de Rambouillet">Château de Rambouillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Sceaux" title="Château de Sceaux">Château de Sceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Château</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Versailles" title="Gardens of Versailles">Gardens of Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Trianon" title="Grand Trianon">Grand Trianon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Fresh_pavilion" title="Fresh pavilion">Fresh pavilion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes" title="Château de Vincennes">Château de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arche" title="Grande Arche">Grande Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_La_D%C3%A9fense_Arena" title="Paris La Défense Arena">Paris La Défense Arena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Paris" title="Disneyland Paris">Disneyland Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Park_(Paris)" title="Disneyland Park (Paris)">Disneyland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Park" title="Walt Disney Studios Park">Walt Disney Studios Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorad%C3%B4me" title="Exploradôme">Exploradôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mont-Val%C3%A9rien" title="Fort Mont-Valérien">Fort Mont-Valérien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_la_France_combattante" title="Mémorial de la France combattante">Mémorial de la France combattante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresnes_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial" title="Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial">Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Miniature" title="France Miniature">France Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27air_et_de_l%27espace" title="Musée de l'air et de l'espace">Musée de l'air et de l'espace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard_d%27Alfort" title="Musée Fragonard d'Alfort">Musée Fragonard d'Alfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Ast%C3%A9rix" title="Parc Astérix">Parc Astérix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Parc de Saint-Cloud">Parc de Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Guyon" title="La Roche-Guyon">La Roche-Guyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_%E2%80%93_Cit%C3%A9_de_la_c%C3%A9ramique" title="Sèvres – Cité de la céramique">Sèvres – Cité de la céramique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-le-Vicomte" title="Vaux-le-Vicomte">Vaux-le-Vicomte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Paris" title="Culture of Paris">Culture and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day_military_parade" title="Bastille Day military parade">Bastille Day military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEner_en_Blanc" title="Dîner en Blanc">Dîner en Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_Musique" title="Fête de la Musique">Fête de la Musique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuit_Blanche" title="Nuit Blanche">Nuit Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week" title="Paris Fashion Week">Paris Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-Plages" title="Paris-Plages">Paris-Plages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(France)" title="Republican Guard (France)">Republican Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidays" title="Solidays">Solidays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axe_historique" title="Axe historique">Axe historique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateau-Lavoir" title="Bateau-Lavoir">Bateau-Lavoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateaux_Mouches" title="Bateaux Mouches">Bateaux Mouches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_des_2_Moulins" title="Café des 2 Moulins">Café des 2 Moulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Procope" title="Café Procope">Café Procope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folies_Berg%C3%A8re" title="Folies Bergère">Folies Bergère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_in_Paris" title="Fountains in Paris">Fountains in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ruche_(residence)" title="La Ruche (residence)">La Ruche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Magots" title="Les Deux Magots">Les Deux Magots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim%27s" title="Maxim's">Maxim's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_de_la_Galette" title="Moulin de la Galette">Moulin de la Galette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro" title="Paris Métro">Paris Métro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro_entrances_by_Hector_Guimard" title="Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard">entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_Funicular" title="Montmartre Funicular">Montmartre Funicular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Mus%C3%A9es" title="Paris Musées">Paris Musées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_syndrome" title="Paris syndrome">Paris syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Zoological_Park" title="Paris Zoological Park">Paris Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Inverted_Pyramid" title="Louvre Inverted Pyramid">Pyramide inversée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Centre">World Heritage Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Paris" title="List of tourist attractions in Paris">List of tourist attractions in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Paris" title="Art in Paris">Art in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_syndrome" title="Paris syndrome">Paris syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193193#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193193#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193193#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312656055">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/521327/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrrvfx83pp3793r7j6xjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4389954-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50079460">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90672430">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007589915205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00086001">Mérimée</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20003214">Structurae</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500310026">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&oldid=1253494187">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sainte-Chapelle&oldid=1253494187</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_Roman_Catholic_church_buildings_in_France" title="Category:13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France">13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France</a></li><li><a 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