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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Árvore de decisão</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Disponível em 31 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شجرة القرار — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شجرة القرار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="قرار آغاجی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرار آغاجی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Дърво на решенията — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дърво на решенията" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_de_decisi%C3%B3" title="Arbre de decisió — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arbre de decisió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozhodovac%C3%AD_strom" title="Rozhodovací strom — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rozhodovací strom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entscheidungsbaum" title="Entscheidungsbaum — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Entscheidungsbaum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree" title="Decision tree — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Decision tree" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rbol_de_decisi%C3%B3n" title="Árbol de decisión — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Árbol de decisión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otsustuspuu" title="Otsustuspuu — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Otsustuspuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85" title="درخت تصمیم — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درخت تصمیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbre_de_d%C3%A9cision" title="Arbre de décision — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arbre de décision" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A5_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%94" title="עץ החלטה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עץ החלטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="निर्णय वृक्ष — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निर्णय वृक्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6nt%C3%A9si_fa" title="Döntési fa — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Döntési fa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohon_keputusan" title="Pohon keputusan — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pohon keputusan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albero_di_decisione" title="Albero di decisione — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Albero di decisione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%A8" title="決定木 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="決定木" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%EC%A0%95_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="결정 트리 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결정 트리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beslissingsboom" title="Beslissingsboom — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beslissingsboom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beslutningstre" title="Beslutningstre — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Beslutningstre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drzewo_decyzyjne" title="Drzewo decyzyjne — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drzewo decyzyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дерево решений — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дерево решений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odlo%C4%8Ditveno_drevo" title="Odločitveno drevo — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Odločitveno drevo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Стабло одлучивања — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стабло одлучивања" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beslutstr%C3%A4d" title="Beslutsträd — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beslutsträd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88" title="ต้นไม้ตัดสินใจ — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ต้นไม้ตัดสินใจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karar_a%C4%9Fac%C4%B1" title="Karar ağacı — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karar ağacı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Дерево ухвалення рішень — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дерево ухвалення рішень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2y_quy%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Cây quyết định — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cây quyết định" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E6%A0%91" title="决策树 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="决策树" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96%E6%A8%B9" title="決策樹 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="決策樹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><p>Uma <b>árvore de decisão</b> é uma representação de uma <a href="/wiki/Tabela_de_decis%C3%A3o" title="Tabela de decisão">tabela de decisão</a> sob a forma de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rvore_(estrutura_de_dados)" title="Árvore (estrutura de dados)">árvore</a>. Trata-se de uma forma alternativa de expressar as mesmas regras que são obtidas quando se constrói a tabela. </p><p>Seja a especificação do processo de cálculo do valor da conta de energia elétrica. Uma árvore de decisão para expressar tal problema seria: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Arvoredecisao.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Arvoredecisao.JPG" decoding="async" width="712" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>É uma abordagem comportamental que usa diagramas para mapear as varias alternativas e resultados de decisões de investimento, assim como as probabilidades de ocorrerem. Baseia-se em estimativas e probabilidades associadas aos resultados de cursos de ação que competem entre si. O resultado de cada curso de ação é ponderado pela probabilidade associada a ele; o resultado ponderado é somado e o valor esperado de cada curso de ação é, então determinado. A alternativa que proporciona o valor esperado mais alto é preferível. Essencialmente, árvores de decisões são diagramas que permitem representar e avaliar problemas que envolvem decisões sequenciais, colocando em destaque os riscos e os resultados financeiros identificados nos diversos cursos de ação. Para efectuar a representação gráfica da árvore de decisão são geralmente usadas linhas para identificar a decisão (por exemplo “sim” ou “não”) e nós para identificar a as questões sobre as quais se deve decidir. Cada um dos ramos formado por linhas e nós termina numa espécie de folha que identifica a consequência mais provável da sequência de decisões tomadas. </p><p>Além da gestão, as árvores de decisão são também muito utilizadas noutras áreas, com especial destaque para a criação de algoritmos informáticos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Árvores_comportamentais"><span id=".C3.81rvores_comportamentais"></span>Árvores comportamentais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81rvore_de_decis%C3%A3o&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Árvores comportamentais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81rvore_de_decis%C3%A3o&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Árvores comportamentais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As árvores comportamentais (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a>: <span lang="en"> behaviour tree</span>) originaram-se na indústria dos videojogos como uma poderosa ferramenta para modelar comportamentos de personagens não-controláveis (NCP). </p> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Crystal_kpackage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crystal_kpackage.png/30px-Crystal_kpackage.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crystal_kpackage.png/45px-Crystal_kpackage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crystal_kpackage.png/60px-Crystal_kpackage.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre </i><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a><i> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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