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About ICSD | ICSD
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node--promoted" id="about-icsd"> <div> <div class="ds-2col-stacked-fluid clearfix"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="group-left col-sm-12 col-md-9"> <div class="block-region-left"><section class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodetitle clearfix"> <h1> About ICSD </h1> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blocksubtitle-block-1 clearfix"> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-subtitle view-id-subtitle view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-574947094f47040903540e2ddfa7a7c13a0d845ffbb95aa6a5ce90532812b5f5"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-subtitle-image"><div class="field-content"> <div class="col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="group-right col-md-3"> <div class="block-region-right"><section class="block block-anchor-block block-anchor-functionality-block clearfix"> <ul><li><a href="#icsd+as+a+tool+for+materials+research+">ICSD as a tool for materials research </a></li><li><a href="#experimental+inorganic+structures+">Experimental inorganic structures </a></li><li><a href="#experimental+metal-organic+structures">Experimental metal-organic structures</a></li><li><a href="#theoretical+inorganic+structures+">Theoretical inorganic structures </a></li><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#facts+%26+figures+">Facts & Figures </a></li><li><a href="#how+to+cite+icsd">How to cite ICSD</a></li><li><a href="#publications">Publications</a></li><li><a href="#certification">Certification</a></li></ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="group-footer"> <div class="block-region-footer"><section class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-section clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-section field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="white" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>FIZ Karlsruhe provides the scientific and the industrial community with ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database), the world's largest database for completely determined inorganic crystal structures.<br> <br> The ICSD contains an almost exhaustive list of known inorganic crystal structures published since 1913, including their atomic coordinates. ICSD data is comprehensive, curated and is the perfect basis for finding answers on questions in materials research.<br> <br> The database contains the following types of crystal structures:</p> <ul> <li><a href="#experimental+inorganic+structures+">Experimental inorganic structures</a>, which can be:<br> either fully characterized where the atomic coordinates are determined and the composition is fully specified<br> or the structure is published with a structure type so that the atomic coordinates and other parameters can be derived from existing data.</li> <li><a href="#experimental+metal-organic+structures">Experimental metal-organic structures</a><br> only structures with known inorganic applications or where relevant material properties are available.</li> <li><a href="#theoretical+inorganic+structures+">Theoretical inorganic structures</a><br> Extracted from peer-reviewed journals<br> Showing a low E(tot)<br> Methods which lead to comparable experimental results</li> </ul> <p>In particular, the database provides information on:</p> <ul> <li>structural data of pure elements, minerals, metals, and intermetallic compounds</li> <li>structural descriptors (Pearson symbol, ANX formula, Wyckoff sequences)</li> <li>bibliographic data and abstracts</li> <li>keywords on methods, properties and applications</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-sm-12 distance-between-elements"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text-options field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image-text-options paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="blazy blazy--field blazy--field-image blazy--field-image--default field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item" data-blazy=""> <div data-b-token="b-b8fb54c0a7a" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="&quot;&quot;" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/ICSD/images/ICSD-Numbers.png" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1130" height="648" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Only data which have passed thorough quality checks by our expert editorial team are included. The information in ICSD is updated biannually.<br><br>To be included in the database, a structure has to be fully characterized, the atomic coordinates have to be either determined or they can be derived from a known structure type, and the composition has to be fully specified. A typical entry includes inter alia, the chemical name, formula, unit cell, space group, complete atomic parameters (including atomic displacement parameters if available), site occupation factors, title, authors and literature citation. In addition to the published data, many items such as the Wyckoff sequence, molecular formula and weight, ANX formula, mineral group, etc. are added through expert evaluation or generated by computer programs.<br><br>We continuously extract and abstract the original data from over 80 leading <a href="/en/about/list-80-most-important-journals-covered-icsd" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f36eed51-125c-4ef3-99b2-89ba3d2e7d51" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="List of the 80 most important journals covered by ICSD">scientific journals</a> and more than 1,400 other scientific journals.<br><br>Detailed information on the ICSD can be found in the <a href="/sites/default/files/ICSD/documents/brochures/scientific-manual-2021-en.pdf" title="ICSD Scientific Manual">scientific manual</a>.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="light" id="icsd+as+a+tool+for+materials+research+" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">ICSD as a tool for materials research </div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><ul> <li>ICSD is the most complete database for inorganic crystal structures (including minerals, metals and alloys)</li> <li>Metalorganic structures</li> <li>Theoretical structures</li> <li>Acknowledged high data quality</li> <li>Known as reliable information in the community for more than 35 years</li> <li>Retrieval solutions for different needs (local installation, inhouse server, web-based)</li> <li>Consortia licenses (small consortia to nationwide licenses)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Indispensable tool for materials science</strong><br> <br> Reliable crystal structure data of high quality play an important part in optimizing the development of new materials which foster innovation in various areas. Crystallographic data can serve to explain and predict material properties. Therefore, material testing laboratories and researchers at universities and research institutions are dependent on evaluated crystal structure data. The huge amount of valuable information stored in crystal structure databases helps researchers in many ways, for example to provide input for a Rietveld refinement or data-mining parameters for structure prediction or optimization procedures.<br> <br> <strong>Highly specialized functionalities</strong><br> <br> Because of highly specialized requests nowadays many tailor-made products are available. A lot of special databases cover particular interests like zeolite structures or mineral structures, but for general purposes overall collections of data are required. Crystal structure databases like ICSD contain much more information than just the obvious unit cells and atomic coordinates. For example, ICSD can be used to find similar structures by comparing certain features, like the space group or the ANX formula, that define different structure types.<br> <br> <strong>High quality data</strong><br> <br> The ICSD data are of excellent quality. Only data which have passed thorough quality checks are included. Thousands of new structures are added each year, and the existing structures are regularly revised, corrected, and updated.<br> <br> ICSD is an indispensable source of information for chemists, physicists, crystallographers, mineralogists and geologists teaching or doing research in the field of crystallography.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="dark" id="experimental+inorganic+structures+" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Experimental inorganic structures </div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Experimental inorganic structures in ICSD can be</p> <ul> <li>either fully characterized where the atomic coordinates are determined and the composition is fully specified</li> <li>or the structure is published only with a structure type, so that the atomic coordinates and other parameters can be derived from existing data.</li> </ul> <p>In addition to the full description of the published structure, the database contains additional information, such as the Wyckoff sequence, Pearson symbol, ANX formula, mineral name and group, structure type, and many more that can be useful in data mining.<br> <br> Structure types have been introduced into ICSD in 2005 and were subsequently expanded during the last years. About 80% of the records are assigned to one of around 9,000 structure types. A new structure type in ICSD is only included if at least two compounds can be assigned to it. The two defining properties used to determine whether several crystal structures belong to the same structure type are that the structures are isopointal and isoconfigurational. As these properties are rather “unhandy” , some easily checkable properties like the ANX formula, Pearson symbol, Wyckoff sequence, c/a ratio etc. are used instead. A complete description of this procedure can be found in the article by Allmann and Hinek (see <a href="http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0108767307038081">http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0108767307038081</a>).<br> <br> Of special importance are remarks or comments that are generated when a new structure is entered. These remarks or comments can explain or at least highlight possible inconsistencies in the structure or describe actions taken during input to solve observed problems.<br> <br> Keywords describe the applied experimental methods, properties and possible applications of the materials.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-sm-12"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text-options field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image-text-options paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a target="_self" href="/sites/default/files/ICSD/images/ICSD-Details.jpg" title=""""> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="blazy blazy--field blazy--field-image blazy--field-image--default field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item" data-blazy=""> <div data-b-token="b-0fe510bbabe" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="&quot;&quot;" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/ICSD/images/ICSD-Details.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1069" height="1323" /> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-caption field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Experimental inorganic structures in ICSD</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="white" id="experimental+metal-organic+structures" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Experimental metal-organic structures</div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Recent advances in chemistry show that the distinction between inorganic and organic structures has become vague. This becomes more obvious in research areas on, for example, zeolites, catalysts, batteries, or gas storage systems. We now make the distinction on the basis of the point of view:</p> <ul> <li>If the focus of research is on the properties of the metal or non-C elements, then inorganic chemistry obviously is involved.</li> <li>If the metal-carbon bond or the inorganic partial structure is not in the focus of the work, e.g. the focus lies on the organic compound, organic chemistry is involved.</li> </ul> <p>Using this distinction we have recently extended the scope of ICSD to metal-organic structures under certain conditions. We now include pure inorganic structures plus organometallic structures where material properties are available or where inorganic applications are known.<br> Biotechnological, medical or pharmaceutical contents are still not included.<br> <br> We offer the following search functionalities:</p> <ul> <li>Group search for organometallic compounds</li> <li>Sum formula, linearized sum formula</li> <li>Compound name, name segments</li> <li>Elements, periodic groups, element count</li> <li>Text searches in abstracts</li> <li>Keywords for applications and material properties</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="light" id="theoretical+inorganic+structures+" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Theoretical inorganic structures </div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>ICSD is already extensively used in data mining and in computational chemistry. The traditional approach in materials research of first synthesizing new compounds and then checking their properties is rather time-consuming and quite expensive. One can already observe a strong tendency to shift materials research from the traditional synthesis-oriented approach to a more theory-oriented approach. Especially crystal structure predictions become more and more reliable. Therefore FIZ Karlsruhe has already started a collaboration to include theoretically calculated structures that are usually not experimentally determined into the ICSD. This allows for comparing calculated structures either with each other or directly with experimental data.<br> <br> The major problem of theoretical structures is that a huge amount of calculations exists in a broad variety of quality. Therefore we developed a set of selection criteria to be able to provide only those structures which are interesting to use and analyze in a second step.<br> We have three major criteria for the selection:</p> <ol> <li>the structure should be published in a <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a5d5c16a-2ec6-4496-9dc0-c24547f0364d" href="/en/about/theoretical-structures-journal-list">peer-reviewed journal</a></li> <li>the structures have a low E(tot) (close to the equilibrium structure)</li> <li>we choose the method which delivers data that are closest to comparable experimental results</li> </ol> <p>Theoretical crystal structures are clearly separated from experimental structures in the ICSD so that you can choose to search only experimental inorganic structures, or experimental metal-organic structures, only theoretical inorganic structures, or any combination of these three options. Furthermore we have categorized all theoretical structures by the following 13 methods used for the theoretical calculation listed below.<br> <br> Additionally, each theoretical crystal structure entry is complemented with the following information:</p> <ul> <li>Code, with search algorithm (if present)</li> <li>Method/Functional</li> <li>Basis set information</li> <li>Details of calculation (Cutoff energy, K-point mash, etc).</li> <li>Standard comments: E(tot) ranking is missing in the paper. Additional structures are published in the manuscript.</li> </ul> <div class="table-responsive"> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" class="table tablesaw tablesaw-stack" data-tablesaw-mode="stack" data-tablesaw-minimap> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" style="text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;" role="columnheader" data-tablesaw-priority="persist">Short name</th> <th scope="col" style="text-align: left;" role="columnheader">Full name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>ABIN</td> <td>Ab initio optimization</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SEMP</td> <td>Empirical and semi-empirical potential</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GEOM</td> <td>Geometric modeling</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MC</td> <td>Monte Carlo Simulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MD</td> <td>Molecular Dynamics</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PW</td> <td>Plane waves method</td> </tr> <tr> <td>APW</td> <td>FP(L) Augmented plane-wave method (+lo)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PAW</td> <td>Projector augmented wave method</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LCAO</td> <td>Linear combination of atomic orbitals method</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LMTO</td> <td>(FP) Linear muffin-tin orbital (ASA)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HF</td> <td>Hartree-Fock method</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DFT</td> <td>Density functional theory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HYB</td> <td>Hybrid functionals</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>In addition to these 13 theoretical methods, we provide further information about the comparison between the theoretical structure and experimental structures.</p> <div class="table-responsive"> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" class="table tablesaw tablesaw-stack" data-tablesaw-mode="stack" data-tablesaw-minimap> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: left;" role="columnheader" data-tablesaw-priority="persist">Short name</th> <th scope="col" style="text-align: left;" role="columnheader">Full name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">PRD</td> <td>Predicted (non-existing) crystal structure<br> (can be an excellent tool for synthesis planning)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">OPT</td> <td>Optimized existing crystal structure<br> (can be an excellent tool for properties searches or nano-structure searches in combination with the new keywords)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;">CMB</td> <td>Combination of theoretical and experimental structure</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="dark" id="history" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">History</div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>ICSD goes back to an initiative of Prof. Günter Bergerhoff in the late 1970s at the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Bonn, Germany. FIZ Karlsruhe started to maintain the database in collaboration with the University of Bonn in 1985. In 1989 a joint venture between the Gmelin Institute, Germany, and FIZ Karlsruhe took over the responsibility for ICSD. From 1997 to 2017 ICSD was produced cooperatively by FIZ Karlsruhe, Germany, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S.A. Since 2017 ICSD has been solely produced by FIZ Karlsruhe.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-sm-12 distance-between-elements"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text-options field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image-text-options paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a target="_self" href="/sites/default/files/ICSD/images/ICSD-Timeline.PNG" title=""""> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="blazy blazy--field blazy--field-image blazy--field-image--default field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item" data-blazy=""> <div data-b-token="b-339c929267e" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="&quot;&quot;" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/ICSD/images/ICSD-Timeline.PNG" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1283" height="505" /> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-caption field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Timeline since 1999 </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>A first WWW interface was developed by Alan Hewat at the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, but was replaced in 2009 by a new interface developed by FIZ Karlsruhe. Since 2015 FIZ Karlsruhe provides the interface ICSD Desktop, which is basically identical to the ICSD Web interface.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="white" id="facts+%26+figures+" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Facts & Figures </div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>In the past ICSD was mainly used to search for individual structures and as an aid for analysis.<br> In the meantime new aspects like development and optimization of materials, prediction of structures and materials properties and further development of methods came up.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-sm-12 distance-between-elements"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text-options field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image-text-options paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="blazy blazy--field blazy--field-image blazy--field-image--default field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item" data-blazy=""> <div data-b-token="b-7217cfd39d9" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="&quot;&quot;" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/ICSD/images/ICSD-Facts-Figures.png" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="1217" height="595" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>For this new content like abstracts and keywords was integrated and beyond that theoretical structures are covered since 2017.<br><br>In addition, metal-organic structures become more and more important for ICSD because it does no longer make sense to classify structures into either “organic” or “inorganic”. By analyzing journals like “Inorganic Chemistry” it becomes obvious that the artificial distinction for ICSD is no longer accepted by the scientists themselves.<br><br>In consequence the old definition</p><ul><li>inorganic compounds, minerals, elements, metals and alloys</li><li>no C-C- AND C-H-bonds</li></ul><p>was replaced by a new definition</p><ul><li>all structures according to the old definition</li><li>plus metal-organic structures with material properties relevant for inorganic applications</li><li>plus similar compounds with partly organic ligands if belonging to a series of compounds in one article</li></ul><p><br><strong>Content:</strong><br><br>All atomic coordinates have to be fully determined or have been derived from a corresponding structure type.<br><br>Since 2003, crystal structures of metallic and inter-metallic compounds have been included into ICSD.<br><br>In 2017 the inclusion of theoretically calculated structures started. For theoretical structures the focus lies on structures that were either not measured, or not fully determined yet. All theoretical structures in ICSD are taken from peer-reviewed journals.<br><br>In 2018 we started to include metal-organic structures into ICSD. The decisive criterion for inclusion in ICSD here is a known application or a relevant material property in a typical inorganic area.<br><br>In general only structures are covered which can be depicted completely in three dimensions. In consequence there are no modulated structures, no polytypes, no quasicrystals, and no structures from thin film layers.<br><br><strong>Figures</strong></p><div class="table-responsive"><table class="table tablesaw tablesaw-stack" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" data-tablesaw-mode="stack" data-tablesaw-minimap><thead><tr><th style="width:197px;" scope="col" role="columnheader" data-tablesaw-priority="persist"> </th><th style="width:194px;" scope="col" role="columnheader">Current Release: 2024.2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="width:197px;">Entries:</td><td style="width:194px;">307,301</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Metal-organic structures:</td><td style="width:194px;">46,496</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Theoretical structures:</td><td style="width:194px;">31,321</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Derived Coordinates:</td><td style="width:194px;">27,330</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Fully determined:</td><td style="width:194px;">248,650</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">New entries:</td><td style="width:194px;">8,283</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Modified entries:</td><td style="width:194px;">1,257</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Removed entries:</td><td style="width:194px;">27</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Structure Types:</td><td style="width:194px;">10,666</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Assigned to Structure Type:</td><td style="width:194px;">208,450</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Elements:</td><td style="width:194px;">3,684</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Binaries:</td><td style="width:194px;">50,757</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Ternaries:</td><td style="width:194px;">92,104</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Quarternaries:</td><td style="width:194px;">67,877</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Quintenaries:</td><td style="width:194px;">47,203</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Metals/Alloys:</td><td style="width:194px;">48,367</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Minerals:</td><td style="width:194px;">13,289</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Largest Structure:</td><td style="width:194px;">11,950,873.48 Å<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Smallest Structure:</td><td style="width:194px;">10.51 Å<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Authors:</td><td style="width:194px;">150,208</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Articles:</td><td style="width:194px;">109,859</td></tr><tr><td style="width:197px;">Journals:</td><td style="width:194px;">1,725</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="light" id="how+to+cite+icsd" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">How to cite ICSD</div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>If you use ICSD data in your work, we recommend that you reference the ICSD record using the collection code and the release version in the format "ICSD-xxxxxx (ICSD release 20xx.x)" – for example “ICSD-1234 (ICSD release 2023.1) - in the text of your paper and also cite the original publication of this record.</p><p>We also recommend that you include the latest reference to ICSD in your citation list:<br>Zagorac, D., Müller, H., Ruehl, S., Zagorac, J. & Rehme, S., J. Appl. Cryst. 52 (2019), 918-925; DOI: 10.1107/S160057671900997X</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="dark" id="publications" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Publications</div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>Find out more information on history and usage of ICSD in our Brochure "<a href="/sites/default/files/ICSD/documents/A-Focus-on-Crystallography.pdf">A Focus on Crystallography</a>":<br><br><strong>Original publication:</strong><br>Bergerhoff, G. & Brown, I.D. in „Crystallographic Databases“, F.H. Allen et al. (Hrsg.) Chester, International Union of Crystallography, (1987).<br><br><strong>An updated view on the ICSD database:</strong><br>Zagorac, D., Müller, H., Ruehl, S., Zagorac, J. & Rehme, S., J. Appl. Cryst. 52 (2019), 918-925, “Recent developments in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database: theoretical crystal structure data and related features”, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057671900997X">https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057671900997X</a><br>Allmann, R. & Hinek, R., Acta Cryst. A63 (2007), 412–417, „ The introduction of structure types into the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database ICSD “, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767307038081">http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767307038081</a><br>Belsky, A., Hellenbrandt, M., Karen, V. L. & Luksch, P., Acta Cryst. B58 (2002), 364–369, „New developments in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD): accessibility in support of materials research and design “. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102006948">http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102006948</a><br><br><strong>Applications of the ICSD database:</strong><br>F. Meutzner, W. Münchgesang, T. Leisegang, R. Schmid, M. Zschornak, M. Ureña de Vivanco, A. P. Shevchenko, V. A. Blatov, D. C. Meyer, Crystal Research & Technology 52 (2017) 1600223, “Identification of solid oxygen‐containing Na‐electrolytes: An assessment based on crystallographic and economic parameters”. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.201600223">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.201600223</a><br><br>S. Kirklin, J. E. Saal, B. Meredig, A. Thompson, J. W. Doak, M. Aykol, S. Rühl, C. Wolverton, npj Computational Materials 1 (2015), 15010, “The Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD): assessing the accuracy of DFT formation energies”. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10</a><br><br>A. G. Kusne, T. Gao, A. Mehta, L. Ke, M. C. Nguyen, K.-M. Ho, V. Antropov, C.-Z. Wang, M. J. Kramer, C. Long, I. Takeuchi, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014), 6367 , “On-the-fly machine-learning for high-throughput experiments: search for rare-earth-free permanent magnets”. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06367">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06367</a><br><br>S. Yang, M. Lach-hab, I. I. Vaisman, E. Blaisten-Barojas, In Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Data Mining, CSREA: Las Vegas (2008), 702-706, “Machine Learning Approach for Classification of Zeolite Crystals”. S. Yang, M. Lach-hab, I. I. Vaisman, E. Blaisten-Barojas, J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009), 21721–21725. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp907017u">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp907017u</a><br><br>Behrens, H., Luksch, P., Acta Cryst. B62 (2006), 993–1001, „ A bibliometric study in crystallography “, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768106030278">https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768106030278</a><br><br>Kaduk, J.A., Acta Cryst. B58 (2002), 370–379, „Use of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database as a problem solving tool“, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102003476">https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768102003476</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div data-background="white" id="certification" class="fiz--section--type--text paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12 fiz-section-width"> <h2> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Certification</div> </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--teaser-start-page col-sm-12 no-left-padding-bootstrap"> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-md-12 col-lg-6 distance-between-elements"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text-options field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image-text-options paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a target="_self" href="https://doi.org/10.34894/OUOIGS" title="https://doi.org/10.34894/OUOIGS"> <div class="field field--name-field-image-text field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="blazy blazy--field blazy--field-image blazy--field-image--default field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item" data-blazy=""> <div data-b-token="b-be14c2baff6" class="media media--blazy media--image is-b-loading"><img alt="Core Trust Seal" decoding="async" class="media__element b-lazy img-responsive" loading="lazy" data-src="/sites/default/files/FIZ/Bilder/Logos/CoreTrustSeal-logo.jpg" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201%201'%2F%3E" width="510" height="510" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="no-left-padding-bootstrap col-md-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field--item"><p>With ICSD (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database), FIZ Karlsruhe provides science and industry with the world's largest database for fully determined inorganic crystal structures. The CoreTrustSeal was awarded in recognition of the trustworthiness of the long-term provision of the data.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </main> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo" aria-label="Footer area"> <div class="container"> <div class="row footer-flexbox-row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="region region-footer-top-left"> <section id="block-fizweb-footer" class="block block-domain-menu-access block-domain-access-menu-blockfooter clearfix"> <nav id="navbar-footer" aria-label="Footer navigation menu"> <ul class="menu nav footer"> <li class="Accessibility declaration"> <a href="/en/ueber-uns/erklaerung-zur-barrierefreiheit" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1105">Accessibility declaration</a> </li> <li class="Privacy Policy"> <a href="/en/ueber-uns/datenschutzerklaerung" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/228">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li class="Legal Notices"> <a href="/en/ueber-uns/impressum-rechtliches" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/229">Legal Notices</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="fiz-copyright">©2025 FIZ Karlsruhe GmbH</div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-top-right"> <a id="fiz-karlsruhe-logo" class="show-focus-outline" href="https://www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/en"> <span class="sr-only">FIZ Karlsruhe Logo</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_cFfAar-PY4yxRNIy1M1lggog91qtZnliAU4bCENoqLg.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=fizweb&include=eJxljoEKgzAMRH-o0k8qqUulGr3SBEW_fmV2OBiE5N1dCIk0LsHQqvj4cJjVrWRY4e_hUr4Ojn4SRJJB7ZS8Ta5ZCXUNETC1SsX_Oe7JCgp2rj-OAWK57Qhdp__0zgJ6dSyQM2WRLkchVclq37hizcpdVUqd2ifFVdaCTfPOwSgKa2iXjKu_FR3Drd0ILJnV9zlrfQM0eG_4"></script> </body> </html>