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id="toc-Pre-WWII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-WWII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-WWII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-WWII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WWII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WWII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>WWII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WWII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-WWII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-WWII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-WWII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-WWII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-End_of_Japanese_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_Japanese_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>End of Japanese rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_Japanese_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945–present_–_post-World_War_II_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–present_–_post-World_War_II_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1945–present – post-World War II status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945–present_–_post-World_War_II_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1947_–_228_Incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947_–_228_Incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>1947 – 228 Incident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947_–_228_Incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950–1953_–_Korean_War_and_U.S._intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950–1953_–_Korean_War_and_U.S._intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>1950–1953 – Korean War and U.S. intervention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950–1953_–_Korean_War_and_U.S._intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1952_–_Treaty_of_Peace_with_Japan_(San_Francisco)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1952_–_Treaty_of_Peace_with_Japan_(San_Francisco)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>1952 – Treaty of Peace with Japan (San Francisco)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1952_–_Treaty_of_Peace_with_Japan_(San_Francisco)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1952_–_Treaty_of_Taipei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1952_–_Treaty_of_Taipei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>1952 – Treaty of Taipei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1952_–_Treaty_of_Taipei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions_of_governments_and_other_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions_of_governments_and_other_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Positions of governments and other officials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Positions_of_governments_and_other_officials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Positions of governments and other officials subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Positions_of_governments_and_other_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>People's Republic of China (PRC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China_(ROC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China_(ROC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Republic of China (ROC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China_(ROC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries_and_international_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries_and_international_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other countries and international organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries_and_international_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>International organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_the_ROC_and_position_on_Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_the_ROC_and_position_on_Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Relations with the ROC and position on Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_the_ROC_and_position_on_Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_arguments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_arguments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legal arguments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_arguments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal arguments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_arguments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_viewpoints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_viewpoints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Other viewpoints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_viewpoints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinese_sovereignty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_sovereignty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Chinese sovereignty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_sovereignty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwanese_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwanese_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Taiwanese independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwanese_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies_and_media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies_and_media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies and media coverage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies_and_media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developments_since_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developments_since_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Developments since 2004</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Developments_since_2004-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Developments since 2004 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Developments_since_2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Political</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwanese_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwanese_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Taiwanese public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwanese_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Military operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Third_Taiwan_Strait_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Taiwan_Strait_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Third Taiwan Strait crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Taiwan_Strait_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PRC's_condition_on_future_military_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PRC's_condition_on_future_military_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>PRC's condition on future military intervention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PRC's_condition_on_future_military_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balance_of_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balance_of_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Balance of power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balance_of_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Political status of Taiwan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الوضع السياسي في تايوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الوضع السياسي في تايوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatus_pol%C3%ADticu_de_Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Estatus políticu de Taiwán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estatus políticu de Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2i-o%C3%A2n_b%C5%ABn-t%C3%AA" title="Tâi-oân būn-tê – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tâi-oân būn-tê" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan-Konflikt" title="Taiwan-Konflikt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Taiwan-Konflikt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatus_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_China" title="Estatus político de la República de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estatus político de la República de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="وضعیت سیاسی تایوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وضعیت سیاسی تایوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statut_de_Ta%C3%AFwan" title="Statut de Taïwan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Statut de Taïwan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A7%8C_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C" title="대만 문제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대만 문제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_politik_Taiwan" title="Status politik Taiwan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Status politik Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_politico_di_Taiwan" title="Status politico di Taiwan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Status politico di Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="מעמדה הבין-לאומי של טאיוואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעמדה הבין-לאומי של טאיוואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taraf_politik_Taiwan" title="Taraf politik Taiwan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taraf politik Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="台湾問題 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="台湾問題" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatuto_de_Taiwan" title="Estatuto de Taiwan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estatuto de Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Политический статус Тайваня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Политический статус Тайваня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statusi_politik_i_Tajvanit" title="Statusi politik i Tajvanit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Statusi politik i Tajvanit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Taiwan issue</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">臺灣問題</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">台湾问题</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">The Taiwan issue</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Táiwān wèntí</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄧˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Tairuan wenntyi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">T'ai2-wan1 wên4-t'i2</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Thòi-vàn mun-thì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Tòihwāan mahntàih</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Dài-uăng ông-dà̤</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #AAAAAA;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border-bottom: 0.2em solid #CE294E00;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Leadership</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">Leadership generations</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_power_in_China" title="Succession of power in China">Succession of power</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E2%80%93Wen_Administration" title="Hu–Wen Administration">Hu–Wen Administration</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping%E2%80%93Li_Keqiang_Administration" title="Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration">Xi–Li Administration</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jinping Administration">Xi Administration</a> (since 2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_core" title="Leadership core">4th Leadership Core</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th Party Politburo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th State Council</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Current_office_holders" title="List of leaders of the People's Republic of China">Current state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">Current provincial leaders</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Party_and_state_leaders" title="Party and state leaders">Party and state leaders</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in China">Orders of precedence</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">Paramount leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of the People's Republic of China">First lady</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_representatives_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China">State representative</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">Head of government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Congress Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Conference Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">Commander-in-chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longest-serving_members_of_the_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Longest-serving members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related systems</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_power" title="Unified power">Unified power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service of China">Civil service</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Constitutional history of the People's Republic of China">Previous constitutions</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1954</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China">1978</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_democratic_dictatorship" title="People's democratic dictatorship">"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">Democratic centralism (Article 3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_oath_of_office_of_China" title="Constitutional oath of office of China">Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Protection of human rights (Article 33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion (Article 36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highest_organ_of_state_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest organ of state power">Highest state organ of power (Article 57)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_law" title="Chinese law">Chinese legal system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">Civil law tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">Socialist law tradition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Laws</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislation_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Legislation Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statutes_of_China" title="List of statutes of China">List of statutes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Principles_of_the_Civil_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>General Principles of the Civil Law</i></a> (to 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Code of People's Republic of China"><i>Civil Code</i></a> (From 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Marriage_Law" title="New Marriage Law"><i>Marriage Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_labour_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese labour law">Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Law</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Contract_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Labour Contract Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_property_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Property Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Property Law</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_China" title="Intellectual property in China">Intellectual property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_law_of_China" title="Patent law of China">Patent law</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_law_in_China" title="Administrative law in China">Administrative law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"><i>Administrative Procedure Law</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Criminal law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China" title="Capital punishment in China">Capital punishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_offences_in_China" title="Capital offences in China">Capital offences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_sentence_with_reprieve" title="Death sentence with reprieve">Death sentence with reprieve</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="History of the Chinese Communist Party">History</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">Principal leaders</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party">ideology</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Admission_Oath" title="Chinese Communist Party Admission Oath">Admission Oath (Article 6)</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Mao Zedong Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Deng Xiaoping Theory</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles" title="Four Cardinal Principles">Four Cardinal Principles</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Represents" title="Three Represents">Three Represents</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Outlook_on_Development" title="Scientific Outlook on Development">Scientific Outlook on Development</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Socialist Society</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Comprehensives" title="Four Comprehensives">Four Comprehensives</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Two_Establishes_and_Two_Safeguards" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Establishes and Two Safeguards">Two Establishes and Two Safeguards</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">National Party Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Leader of the Chinese Communist Party">list</a>)</span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>) <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>:</div> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Commission_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="National Security Commission of the Chinese Communist Party">National Security Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chairman:</div> <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms_Commission" title="Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission">Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Directors:</div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></span></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Financial & Economic Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Office Chief: <a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Office of the Chinese Communist Party">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Office of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">Office of the General Secretary</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Bureau" title="Central Guard Bureau">Central Guard Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guard_Regiment" title="Central Guard Regiment">Central Guard Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Administration_for_the_Protection_of_State_Secrets" class="mw-redirect" title="National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets">Office of the Central Secrecy Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Organization Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Organization Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Central Commission for Discipline Inspection</a> (<a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_20th_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Standing Committee of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">20th</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Central_Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection" title="Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection">Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Inspection_Work" title="Central Leading Group for Inspection Work">Central Leading Group for Inspection Work</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Provincial committee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">Standing committee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Secretary</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Deputy_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary">Deputy secretaries</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_group" title="Party group">Party group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chairpersons" title="Council of Chairpersons">Council of Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of the National People's Congress">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1957)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1957)">Liu Qi</a></span></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Special Committee of the National People's Congress">Special Committees</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Affairs_Committee" title="Ethnic Affairs Committee">Ethnic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_Law_Committee" title="Constitution and Law Committee">Constitution and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_and_Judicial_Affairs_Committee" title="Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee">Supervisory and Judicial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Committee" title="Financial and Economic Affairs Committee">Financial and Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education,_Science,_Culture_and_Public_Health_Committee" title="Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee">Education, Science, Culture and Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Committee" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee">Overseas Chinese Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_and_Resources_Conservation_Committee" title="Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee">Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs_Committee" title="Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee">Agriculture and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Development_Affairs_Committee" title="Social Development Affairs Committee">Social Development Affairs</a></li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Presidium of the National People's Congress">Presidium</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>State representative</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the President of the People's Republic of China">Presidential Office</a> <dl><dd>Chief: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></div></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Executive organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council (Central People's Government)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">Li Qiang Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>): <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice-Premiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>) <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhenglong" title="Wu Zhenglong">Wu Zhenglong</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituent_departments_of_the_State_Council" title="Constituent departments of the State Council">Cabinet-level departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development & Reform Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">National Audit Office</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_State_Council" title="General Office of the State Council">General Office</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_Assets_Supervision_and_Administration_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission">State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government-owned_companies_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government-owned companies of China">most Central Enterprises</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Military organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission (CMC)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">supreme commander</a>): <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairmen</a>: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/He_Weidong" title="He Weidong">He Weidong</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Members: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></span></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Departments: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/General_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="General Office of the Central Military Commission">General Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhong_Shaojun" title="Zhong Shaojun">Zhong Shaojun</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Staff_Department_(China)" title="Joint Staff Department (China)">Joint Staff Dept.</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">Chief</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhenli_(general)" title="Liu Zhenli (general)">Liu Zhenli</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_Support_Department" title="Logistic Support Department">Logistic Support Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lin_(general)" title="Zhang Lin (general)">Zhang Lin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_Development_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission">Equipment Development Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xu_Xueqiang" title="Xu Xueqiang">Xu Xueqiang</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_and_Administration_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Training and Administration Department of the Central Military Commission">Training and Administration Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Peng_(lieutenant_general)" title="Wang Peng (lieutenant general)">Wang Peng</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission">National Defense Mobilization Dept.</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Faqing" title="Liu Faqing">Liu Faqing</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Discipline_Inspection_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission">Discipline Inspection Commission</a> <dl><dd>Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Shengmin" title="Zhang Shengmin">Zhang Shengmin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Central Military Commission">Politics and Legal Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Commission_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission">Science and Technology Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Strategic_Planning_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for Strategic Planning of the Central Military Commission">Strategic Planning Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Reform_and_Organizational_Structure" title="Office for Reform and Organizational Structure">Reform & Organizational Structure Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">Int'l Military Cooperation Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Office_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Audit Office of the Central Military Commission">Audit Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Offices_Administration_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Agency for Offices Administration of the Central Military Commission">Offices Administration Agency</a></li></ol></dd> <dd>National armed forces: <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Emblem_PLA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army"><img alt="Emblem of the People's Liberation Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/23px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/35px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/China_Emblem_PLA.svg/46px-China_Emblem_PLA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Theater_command" title="Theater command">Theater commands</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_(CAPF)_cap_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force"><img alt="Cap insignia of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/21px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/32px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg/42px-Chinese_People%27s_Armed_Police_Force_%28CAPF%29_cap_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="775" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_(2024).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Coast Guard"><img alt="Emblem of the Coast Guard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/21px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/32px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png/42px-Emblem_of_China_Coast_Guard_%282024%29.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">China Coast Guard</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Mobilization_Commission" title="National Defense Mobilization Commission">National Defense Mobilization Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dong_Jun" title="Dong Jun">Dong Jun</a></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Ministry of Veterans Affairs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_for_Science,_Technology_and_Industry_for_National_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence">State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="History of the People's Liberation Army">Military history</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of wars involving the People's Republic of China">Armed conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernization_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">Military modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_People%27s_Republic_of_China_military_reform" title="2015 People's Republic of China military reform">Military reform since 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Military_Reform" title="Central Leading Group for Military Reform">CMC Leading Group for Military Reform</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Supervisory organ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Supervisory_Commission" title="National Supervisory Commission">National Supervisory Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jinguo" title="Liu Jinguo">Liu Jinguo</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign since 2012</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(Hong_Kong)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)">Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_Against_Corruption_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission Against Corruption (Macau)">Commission Against Corruption (Macau)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Judicial organs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court">Supreme People's Court</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="President of the Supreme People's Court">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jun_(politician)" title="Zhang Jun (politician)">Zhang Jun</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Courts Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Procurator-General_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate">Procurator-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">People's Procuratorates Judicial Police</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Justice (Hong Kong)">Department of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutions_Division_(Hong_Kong)" title="Prosecutions Division (Hong Kong)">Prosecutions Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplined_Services" title="Disciplined Services">Disciplined Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">Judiciary of Macau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court of Final Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Prosecutions_Office_(Macau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Prosecutions Office (Macau) (page does not exist)">Public Prosecutions Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_Security_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Security (Macau)">Secretariat for Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau Security Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitary_Police_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitary Police Services (page does not exist)">Unitary Police Services</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:警察總局">zh</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Public Security Police</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Judiciary_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Judiciary Police (page does not exist)">Judiciary Police</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法警察局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">National Committee</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice-Chairpersons</a> <dl><dd>Top-ranked: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Secretary-General of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongfeng" title="Wang Dongfeng">Wang Dongfeng</a></dd></dl></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties</a>: <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">CCP (ruling)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Work_Department" title="United Front Work Department">United Front Work Department</a> <dl><dd>Head: <a href="/wiki/Shi_Taifeng" title="Shi Taifeng">Shi Taifeng</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">RCCK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">CDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Democratic_Construction_Association" title="China National Democratic Construction Association">CNDCA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Promoting_Democracy" title="China Association for Promoting Democracy">CAPD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Democratic_Party" title="Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party">CPWDP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Zhi_Gong_Party" title="China Zhi Gong Party">CZGP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiusan_Society" title="Jiusan Society">JS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Democratic_Self-Government_League" title="Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League">TDSL</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd>Historical parties: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">CDSP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">YCP</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Industry_and_Commerce" title="All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce">Federation of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_organization" title="People's organization">People's organizations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission">CCP Central Politics and Law Commission</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Secretary: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of Public Security (China)">Ministry of Public Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Public Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Immigration_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Immigration Administration">State Immigration Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security_bureau_(China)" title="Public security bureau (China)">Local public security bureaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Ministry of State Security (China)">Ministry of State Security</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">State Security Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">Ministry of Justice</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/He_Rong" title="He Rong">He Rong</a></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_(China)" title="People's Police (China)">Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Justice_Bureau_of_Prison_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Justice Bureau of Prison Administration (page does not exist)">Bureau of Prison Administration</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="zh:司法部监狱管理局">zh</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Safeguarding_National_Security" title="Office for Safeguarding National Security">Office for Safeguarding National Security</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_management_and_law_enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban management and law enforcement">Urban Management <i>(chengguan)</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Propaganda,_Ideology_and_Culture" title="Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture">Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Leader: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Leaders: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yiqin" title="Shen Yiqin">Shen Yiqin</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Guidance_Commission_on_Building_Spiritual_Civilization" title="Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization">Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd> <dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party">Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shulei" title="Li Shulei">Li Shulei</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Press_and_Publication" title="General Administration of Press and Publication">General Administration of Press and Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Film_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="China Film Administration">China Film Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">National Radio and Television Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">China Media Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">China Global Television Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">China National Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reference_News" title="Reference News">Reference News</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_News_Service" title="China News Service">China News Service</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Global_Times" title="Global Times">Global Times</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Today" title="China Today">China Today</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China" title="Radio jamming in China">Radio jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_censorship_of_Chinese_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas censorship of Chinese issues">Overseas censorship of Chinese issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of China">Media of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal media of China">Internal media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry_in_China" title="Publishing industry in China">Publishing industry in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Cyberspace_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission">Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace_Administration_of_China" title="Cyberspace Administration of China">Cyberspace Administration of China</a> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director: <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Rongwen" title="Zhuang Rongwen">Zhuang Rongwen</a></div></dd></dl></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_on_Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs">Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Macau_Affairs_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office">HK & Macau Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xia_Baolong" title="Xia Baolong">Xia Baolong</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Liaison_Office" title="Macau Liaison Office">Macau Liaison Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu" title="John Lee Ka-chiu">John Lee Ka-chiu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & HK CEPA</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Basic_Law" title="Macao Basic Law">Macao Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ho_Iat-seng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Iat-seng">Ho Iat-seng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau SAR Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Politics of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland & Macau CEPA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">"Taiwan Province", PRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Leader: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Song_Tao_(diplomat)" title="Song Tao (diplomat)">Song Tao</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <dl><dd>Director: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></dd> <dd>Deputy Director: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></dd> <dd>Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_spokespersons_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_China" title="List of spokespersons of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China">Spokespersons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid from China</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Development_Cooperation_Agency" title="China International Development Cooperation Agency">International Development Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Ministry of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exim_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Exim Bank of China">Exim Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Fund" title="Silk Road Fund">Silk Road Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_International_Military_Cooperation_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission">International Military Cooperation Office</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress">NPC Foreign Affairs Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Department_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="International Department of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP International Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Administration_of_Foreign_Experts_Affairs" title="State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs">State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese_Affairs_Office" title="Overseas Chinese Affairs Office">Overseas Chinese Affairs Office</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">Chinese nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_passport" title="Chinese passport">Chinese passports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens">Visa requirements for Chinese citizens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Chinese_citizens_of_Macau" title="Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa policy of China">Visa policy of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visa policy of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>; <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Macau" title="Visa policy of Macau">Macau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">National Immigration Administration</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Consensus" title="Beijing Consensus">Beijing Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Common_Destiny" title="Community of Common Destiny">Community of Common Destiny</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="China and the World Trade Organization">China and the World Trade Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa–China relations">China–Africa relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">China–Arab relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean%E2%80%93People%27s_Republic_of_China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean–People's Republic of China relations">China–Caribbean relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">China–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Latin America relations">China–Latin America relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">China–Pacific relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China–Russia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-left: 0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">Hukou system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Family planning policy">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">Ethnic minorities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-color: #AAAAAA;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Politics of Taiwan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/115px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/173px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/230px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles of the Constitution</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Taiwan" title="Law of Taiwan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Taiwan" title="Taxation in Taiwan">Taxation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Presidency</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ROC_Office_of_the_President_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ROC_Office_of_the_President_Emblem.svg/30px-ROC_Office_of_the_President_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ROC_Office_of_the_President_Emblem.svg/45px-ROC_Office_of_the_President_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ROC_Office_of_the_President_Emblem.svg/60px-ROC_Office_of_the_President_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="237" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice President of the Republic of China">Vice President of the Republic of China</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hsiao_Bi-khim" title="Hsiao Bi-khim">Hsiao Bi-khim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>) </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_(Taiwan)" title="Office of the President (Taiwan)">Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Taiwan)" title="National Security Council (Taiwan)">National Security Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Premier</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho Jung-tai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice Premier of the Republic of China">Vice Premier</a></b><br /></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Cheng_Li-chun" title="Cheng Li-chun">Cheng Li-chun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a></b> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg/80px-11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg/120px-11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg/160px-11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/11th_Legislative_Yuan" title="11th Legislative Yuan">11th Legislative Yuan</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Yuan" title="President of the Legislative Yuan">President of the Legislative Yuan</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Han_Kuo-yu" title="Han Kuo-yu">Han Kuo-yu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a>) </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Legislative_Yuan" title="Vice President of the Legislative Yuan">Vice President of the Legislative Yuan</a></b><br /></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Chiang" title="Johnny Chiang">Johnny Chiang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a>)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Yuan" title="Judicial Yuan">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Yuan" title="Judicial Yuan">Judicial Yuan</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Judicial_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Judicial Yuan">President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Shieh_Ming-yan" title="Shieh Ming-yan">Shieh Ming-yan</a> <i>acting</i> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Judicial_Yuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of vice presidents of the Judicial Yuan (page does not exist)">Vice President of the Judicial Yuan</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><i>Vacant</i> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of China">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court (Taiwan)">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts (Taiwan)">District Courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China#Organizational_structure" title="Government of the Republic of China">Other branches</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Examination_Yuan" title="Examination Yuan">Examination Yuan</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Examination_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Examination Yuan">President of the Examination Yuan</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><i>Vacant</i> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Examination_Yuan" title="List of vice presidents of the Examination Yuan">Vice President of the Examination Yuan</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><i>Vacant</i> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a></b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Control Yuan">President of the Control Yuan</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Chen_Chu" title="Chen Chu">Chen Chu</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of vice presidents of the Control Yuan">Vice President of the Control Yuan</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p>Lee Hung-chun </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Local government</a></b><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/List_of_magistrates_and_mayors_in_Taiwan" title="List of magistrates and mayors in Taiwan">Mayors and Magistrates</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Taiwan" title="Elections in Taiwan">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ROC_Central_Election_Commission_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ROC_Central_Election_Commission_Logo.svg/30px-ROC_Central_Election_Commission_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ROC_Central_Election_Commission_Logo.svg/45px-ROC_Central_Election_Commission_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ROC_Central_Election_Commission_Logo.svg/60px-ROC_Central_Election_Commission_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="211" /></a></span> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_(Taiwan)" title="Central Election Commission (Taiwan)">Central Election Commission</a></b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Taiwan" title="Presidential elections in Taiwan">Presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative elections in Taiwan">Legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_elections_in_Taiwan" title="Local elections in Taiwan">Local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Taiwan" title="Referendums in Taiwan">Referendums</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Taiwan" title="List of political parties in Taiwan">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Represented in the Legislative Yuan</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_People%27s_Party" title="Taiwan People's Party">Taiwan People's Party</a> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Others</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/New_Power_Party" title="New Power Party">New Power Party</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party" title="Taiwan Statebuilding Party">Taiwan Statebuilding Party</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/People_First_Party_(Taiwan)" title="People First Party (Taiwan)">People First Party</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Solidarity_Union" title="Taiwan Solidarity Union">Taiwan Solidarity Union</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Taiwan)" title="New Party (Taiwan)">New Party</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Non-Partisan_Solidarity_Union" title="Non-Partisan Solidarity Union">Non-Partisan Solidarity Union</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Taiwan" title="Green Party Taiwan">Green Party Taiwan</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Taiwan" title="Mass media in Taiwan">Mass media</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Taiwan" title="Television in Taiwan">Television</a></b><br /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Taiwan" title="List of newspapers in Taiwan">Newspapers</a></b><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/United_Daily_News" title="United Daily News">United Daily News</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Times" title="Liberty Times">Liberty Times</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/China_Times" title="China Times">China Times</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a></i> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Republic_of_China" title="Propaganda in the Republic of China">Propaganda</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Taiwan" title="Censorship in Taiwan">Censorship</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan#Film_censorship" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Film censorship</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">Foreign Minister</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Lin_Chia-lung" title="Lin Chia-lung">Lin Chia-lung</a> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Special_state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special state-to-state relations">Special state-to-state relations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_consensus" title="Taiwan consensus">Taiwan consensus</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a><br /> </p> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Australia–Taiwan relations">Australia–Taiwan relations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Canada–Taiwan relations">Canada–Taiwan relations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="France–Taiwan relations">France–Taiwan relations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Russia–Taiwan relations">Russia–Taiwan relations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Taiwan–United Kingdom relations">Taiwan–United Kingdom relations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">Taiwan–United States relations</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Taiwan and the World Health Organization">Taiwan and the World Health Organization</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political status of Taiwan</a></b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China (1912–1949)</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese nationalism</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tangwai_movement" title="Tangwai movement">Tangwai movement</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Politics of Taiwan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Template talk:Politics of Taiwan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Taiwan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>political status of Taiwan</b> or the <b>Taiwan issue</b> is an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> dispute about <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, currently controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (ROC), that arose in the mid-twentieth century. Originally based in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> before and during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">ROC government retreated to Taiwan</a> in 1949 after it was defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">establishment of the People's Republic of China</a> (PRC). Since then, the effective jurisdiction of the ROC has been limited to Taiwan, <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">smaller islands</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> in 1945 brought an end to the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Japanese rule of these islands</a> and restored them under Chinese administration as intended by the major <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a>. Due to the rivalry between the ROC and the PRC, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">post-war agreements</a> did not specify the owner of the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ROC constitution still claims both mainland China and Taiwan as its territory; it no longer considers the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Provisions_against_the_Communist_Rebellion" title="Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion">CCP as a rebellious group</a> but admits it as the "mainland authorities".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PRC claims Taiwan as a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Taiwan Province (disambiguation)">province</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has not ruled out the use of military force in the pursuit of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has proposed "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>" as a model for unification, though this has been rejected by the Taiwanese government.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within Taiwan, there is major political contention between eventual Chinese unification with a pan-Chinese identity contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">formal independence</a> promoting a <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people#The_current_state_of_Taiwanese_identity" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese identity</a>, though moderates supporting the status quo have gained broad appeal in the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1949 many countries must choose between the PRC and the ROC with which to establish formal diplomatic relations and shape their respective "<a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a>" policy. Initially excluded from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in favor of Taipei, Beijing has gained increased recognition as the legitimate government of China. The ROC has formal diplomatic relations with only twelve nations but maintains unofficial bilateral ties and membership in international organizations as a non-state entity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">History of Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia,_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons,_Ltd._1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia%2C_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons%2C_Ltd._1912.jpg/230px-Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia%2C_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons%2C_Ltd._1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia%2C_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons%2C_Ltd._1912.jpg/345px-Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia%2C_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons%2C_Ltd._1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia%2C_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons%2C_Ltd._1912.jpg/460px-Japan_with_inset_map_Formosa_and_Riu-Kiu_Islands_from_A_Literary_and_Historical_Atlas_of_Asia%2C_by_J.G._Bartholomew._J.M._Dent_and_Sons%2C_Ltd._1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>According to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> Taiwan was part of Japan at the establishment of the ROC in 1912. The PRC (founded 1 October 1949) argues that the Treaty of Shimonoseki was never valid, saying it was one of several <a href="/wiki/Unequal_treaties" title="Unequal treaties">unequal treaties</a> forced upon the Qing.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Cession_and_retrocession"></span><span class="anchor" id="Cession_and_Retrocession"></span><span class="anchor" id="Cession,_retrocession,_legal_status,_and_self-determination"></span><span class="anchor" id="Cession,_retrocession,_legal_status,_and_self-determination"></span><span class="anchor" id="Cession,_retrocession,_legal_status_and_self-determination_of_Taiwan"></span><span class="anchor" id="Cession,_retrocession,_legal_status_and_self-determination_of_Taiwan"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-WWII">Pre-WWII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-WWII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taiwan (excluding <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a>) was first populated by <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian people</a>. Chinese people started settling in southern Taiwan by the late 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp198010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp198010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was partially colonized by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch</a> who arrived in 1623. The Dutch colony was ousted by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a>, which lasted from 1661 to 1683, and was the first <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">ethnic Han</a> government to rule part of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan (island)">island of Taiwan</a>. From 1683, the Qing dynasty ruled much of the western plains of the island <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan prefecture">as a prefecture</a> and in 1875 divided the island into two prefectures, Taiwan and Taipeh. In 1887 the island was <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province#History" title="Taiwan Province">made into a separate</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese province">province</a> to speed up development in this region. In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>, Taiwan and Penghu were ceded by the Qing dynasty to Japan in 1895 under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Qing dynasty fell in 1912, leaving <a href="/wiki/List_of_warlords_and_military_cliques_in_the_Warlord_Era" title="List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era">warlords</a> to compete for power and influence in China. The country became more unified during the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_decade" title="Nanjing decade">Nanjing decade</a>, and growing calls to push back against <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Japanese aggression</a> led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_United_Front" title="Second United Front">Second United Front</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ROC leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> had expressed support for Korea's, Vietnam's, and Taiwan's independence from Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academics Frank S. T. Hsiao and Lawrence R. Sullivan state that the early <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) viewed Taiwanese at that time as a separate <i><a href="/wiki/Minzu_(anthropology)" title="Minzu (anthropology)">minzu</a></i>, a term that can refer to people, nation, race, or ethnic group.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They theorize that being Chinese hinged on belonging to the same culture, but by then Taiwan had already undergone <a href="/wiki/Japanization" title="Japanization">Japanization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1937 interview with <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Snow" title="Edgar Snow">Edgar Snow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> stated "we will extend them (the Koreans) our enthusiastic help in their struggle for independence. The same thing applies for Taiwan."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CCP's stance might have been intended as a temporary measure to build a coalition against the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>, which had colonized both Korea and Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of its motivation, Mao's 1937 statement does not bind the CCP because the party was not in power.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WWII">WWII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: WWII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1943 Chiang's Nationalists argued that after the end of the war, Taiwan should be restored to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>. The CCP followed suit and considered Taiwan an integral part of China.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives of the United States and the United Kingdom agreed with Chiang at the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Conference" title="Cairo Conference">Cairo Conference</a> in November, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a>. That pledge was confirmed at the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-WWII">Post-WWII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-WWII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945 Chinese Nationalists accepted the surrender of the Japanese forces in Taiwan on behalf of the Allied powers, ending <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan#Japanese_Empire_(1895–1945)" title="History of Taiwan">50 years of Japanese rule</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confident about their future prospects, they declared Taiwan a province of China again on 26 October 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996c_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996c-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the final legal dispensation awaited a peace treaty and formal ratification.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, Mao Zedong's forces defeated Chiang Kai-shek's ROC forces in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, thus taking control of mainland China and founding the People's Republic of China (PRC). Chiang Kai-shek and his <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> government <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang%27s_retreat_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan">fled to Taiwan</a>, which was still under ROC control (as the CCP did not have a navy at that time). Tensions often soared in the following decades. The PRC <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait_Crises" title="Taiwan Strait Crises">shelled offshore islands held by Taiwan</a> in the 1950s, and the ROC for many years harbored ambitions of recovering the mainland from the CCP.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the United Nations and most non-Communist nations still recognized the ROC as the sole government of China. Non-Communist nations referred to the CCP-controlled mainland as "Red China" during this time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1971, the UN General Assembly <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly Resolution 2758">voted</a> to move the "China" <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">United Nations seat</a> from the ROC to the PRC. The United States recognized the Kuomintang government in Taiwan (ROC) as the legitimate representative of all China until 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And the ROC itself claimed to be the sole legitimate representative of all China until 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the present, most nations have switched their official diplomatic recognition of "China" to the PRC, though many of these nations have avoided clarifying what territories are meant by "China" in order to associate with both the PRC and ROC. These countries use vague terms such as "respects", "acknowledge", "understand", or "take note of" in regards to the PRC's claim over Taiwan, rather than officially "recognizing" the claim.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1988 onwards the Government of Taiwan turned to a <a href="/wiki/Checkbook_diplomacy" title="Checkbook diplomacy">checkbook diplomacy</a> promising economic support in return of diplomatic recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1995, Taiwan was able to establish diplomatic ties with 29 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However this policy was stalled by the PRC as it suspended trade with any country that held diplomatic ties with Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_Japanese_rule">End of Japanese rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: End of Japanese rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1942, after the United States entered the war against Japan and on the side of China, the Chinese government under the <a href="/wiki/KMT" class="mw-redirect" title="KMT">KMT</a> renounced all treaties signed with Japan before that date and made Taiwan's return to China (as with <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, ruled as the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Puppet_States_of_WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet States of WWII">wartime puppet state</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>") one of the wartime objectives. In the <a href="/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a> of 1943, the Allied Powers declared the return of Taiwan (including the <a href="/wiki/Pescadores" class="mw-redirect" title="Pescadores">Pescadores</a>) to the Republic of China as one of several Allied demands. The Cairo Declaration was never signed or ratified. Both of the US and the UK considered it not legally binding.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ROC, on the other hand, asserts that it is legally binding and lists later treaties and documents that "reaffirmed" the Cairo Declaration as legally binding.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, Japan unconditionally surrendered with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">instrument of surrender</a> and ended its rule in Taiwan as the territory was put under the administrative control of the Republic of China government in 1945 by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Rehabilitation_Administration" title="United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration">United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unhcr.org_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unhcr.org-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lowther_William_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowther_William-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Office of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers ordered Japanese forces in China and Taiwan to surrender to <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, who would act as a representative of the Allied Powers. On 25 October 1945, Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Rikichi_And%C5%8D" title="Rikichi Andō">Rikichi Andō</a> handed over the administration of Taiwan and the Penghu islands to the head of the Taiwan Investigation Commission, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(Kuomintang)" title="Chen Yi (Kuomintang)">Chen Yi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsai2009173_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsai2009173-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 October, the government of the Republic of China declared that Taiwan had become a province of China.<sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996c_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996c-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allied Powers, on the other hand, did not recognize the unilateral declaration of annexation of Taiwan made by the government of the Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peace_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Peace Treaty">San Francisco Peace Treaty</a>, the Japanese formally renounced the territorial sovereignty of Taiwan and Penghu islands, and the treaty was signed in 1951 and came into force in 1952. At the date when the San Francisco Peace Treaty came into force, the political status of Taiwan and Penghu Islands was still uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-unhcr.org_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unhcr.org-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Republic of China and Japan signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Taipei" title="Treaty of Taipei">Treaty of Taipei</a> on April 28, 1952, and the treaty came into force on August 5, which is considered by some as giving a legal support to the Republic of China's claim to Taiwan as "de jure" territory. The treaty stipulates that all treaties, conventions, and agreements between China and Japan prior to 9 December 1941 were null and void, which according to Hungdah Chiu, abolishes the Treaty of Shimonoseki ceding Taiwan to Japan. The interpretation of Taiwan becoming the Republic of China's '"de jure" territory is supported by several Japanese court decisions such as the 1956 <i>Japan v. Lai Chin Jung</i> case, which stated that Taiwan and the Penghu islands came to belong to the ROC on the date the Treaty of Taipei came into force.<sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the official position of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government of Japan</a> is that Japan did not in the Treaty of Taipei express that Taiwan and Penghu belong to the Republic of China,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the Treaty of Taipei could not make any disposition which is in violation of Japan's renouncing Taiwan and Penghu in San Francisco Peace Treaty,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the status of Taiwan and Penghu remain to be determined by the Allied Powers in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_International_Law" title="American Journal of International Law">American Journal of International Law</a></i>, professors Jonathan I. Charney and J. R. V. Prescott argued that "none of the post–World War II peace treaties explicitly ceded sovereignty over the covered territories to any specific state or government."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Conference_(1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo Conference (1943)">Cairo Conference</a> from November 22–26, 1943 in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt was held to address the Allied position against Japan during World War II, and to make decisions about postwar Asia. One of the three main clauses of the Cairo Declaration was that "all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China". According to Taiwan Civil Society quoting the Taiwan Documents Project, the document was merely a <a href="/wiki/Statement_of_Intent" class="mw-redirect" title="Statement of Intent">statement of intent</a> or non-binding declaration, for possible reference used for those who would draft the post-war peace treaty and that as a press release it was without force of law to transfer sovereignty from Taiwan to the Republic of China. Additional rationale to support this claim is that the Act of Surrender, and SCAP General Order no. 1, authorized the surrender of Japanese forces, not Japanese territories.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> said that Taiwan was not under Chinese sovereignty and the Chinese Nationalists did not represent the Chinese state, but that Taiwan was entrusted to the Chinese Nationalists as a military occupation. Churchill called the Cairo Declaration outdated in 1955. The legality of the Cairo Declaration was not recognized by the deputy prime minister of the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a>, in 1955, who said there was a difference of opinion on which Chinese authority to hand it over to.<sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954, the United States denied that the sovereignty of Taiwan and the Penghu islands had been settled by any treaties, although it acknowledged that the Republic of China effectively controlled Taiwan and Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996b_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996b-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960 <i>Sheng v. Rogers</i> case, it was stated that, in the view of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a>, no agreement has purported to transfer the sovereignty of Taiwan to the ROC, though it accepted the exercise of Chinese authority over Taiwan and recognized the Government of the Republic of China as the legal government of China at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The position of the US stated in the Department of State Bulletin in 1958 is that any seizure of Taiwan by the PRC “constitutes an attempt to seize by force territory which does not belong to it" because the Allied Powers had yet to come to a decision on the status of Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-StateDept_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateDept-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Vincent Wei-Cheng Wang, a minority of scholars and politicians have argued that the international status of Taiwan is <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Undetermined_Status_of_Taiwan" title="Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan">still undecided</a>, and that this has been used as an argument against the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>'s claim over Taiwan. They point to <a href="/wiki/President_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="President Truman">President Truman</a>'s statement on the pending status of Taiwan in 1950, the lack of specificity on whom the title of Taiwan was transferred to in the 1951 San Francisco peace treaty, and the absence of explicit provisions on the return of Taiwan to China in the 1952 Treaty of Taipei. However Wang notes that this is a weak argument, citing 2 LASSA OPPENHEIMER, INTERNATIONAL LAW, under the principle of effective occupation and control, if nothing is stipulated on conquered territory in the peace treaty, the possessor may annex it.<sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts_undecided_view_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts_undecided_view-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, the notion that a possessor may annex a conquered territory despite the peace treaty not stipulating so, was a means of territorial transfer recognized by classical international law, and its legality in recent years is either not recognized or disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Jian-De Shen, a Taiwanese independence activist, applying such a notion on the Republic of China's territorial claim for Taiwan is invalid because the conqueror of World War II is the whole body of the Allied Powers rather than the Republic of China alone.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan is supported by some politicians and jurists to this day, such as the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United States">Government of the United States</a> and the Japanese diplomatic circle.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-日本外交界常識_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-日本外交界常識-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–present_–_post-World_War_II_status"><span id="1945.E2.80.93present_.E2.80.93_post-World_War_II_status"></span>1945–present – post-World War II status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1945–present – post-World War II status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1947_–_228_Incident"><span id="1947_.E2.80.93_228_Incident"></span>1947 – 228 Incident</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1947 – 228 Incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/228_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="228 Incident">228 Incident</a> erupted on 28 February 1947, the U.S. Consulate-General in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> prepared a report in early March, calling for an immediate intervention in the name of the U.S. or the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Based on the argument that the Japanese surrender did not formally transfer sovereignty, Taiwan was still legally part of Japan and occupied by the United States (with administrative authority for the occupation delegated to the Chinese Nationalists), and a direct intervention was appropriate for a territory with such status. This proposed intervention, however, was rejected by the U.S. State Department. In a news report on the aftermath of the <i>228 Incident</i>, some Taiwanese residents were reported to be talking of appealing to the United Nations to put the island under an international mandate since China's possession of Taiwan had not been formalized by any international treaties by that time, and the island was therefore still under belligerent occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT033047_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT033047-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They later made a demand for a treaty role to be represented at the forthcoming peace conference in Japan, in the hope of requesting a <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a> to determine the island's political future.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei,_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Non-partisan Taiwanese political candidate Wu San-lian (2L) celebrated his landslide victory (65.5%) in the first <a href="/wiki/Taipei_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei city">Taipei city</a> mayoral election in January 1951 with his supporters. <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> has been the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> since December 1949.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1950–1953_–_Korean_War_and_U.S._intervention"><span id="1950.E2.80.931953_.E2.80.93_Korean_War_and_U.S._intervention"></span>1950–1953 – Korean War and U.S. intervention</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1950–1953 – Korean War and U.S. intervention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of 1950, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> appeared to accept the idea that sovereignty over Taiwan was already settled when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> stated that "In keeping with these [Cairo and Potsdam] declarations, Formosa was surrendered to Generalissimo Chiang-Kai Shek, and for the past four years, the United States and Other Allied Powers have accepted the exercise of Chinese authority over the Island."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, Truman decided to "neutralize" Taiwan, claiming that it could otherwise trigger another world war. In June 1950, President Truman, who had previously given only passive support to Chiang Kai-shek and was prepared to see Taiwan fall into the hands of the CCP, vowed to stop the spread of communism and sent the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Seventh_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Seventh Fleet">U.S. Seventh Fleet</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a> to prevent the PRC from attacking Taiwan, but also to prevent the ROC from attacking mainland China. He then declared that "the determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by the United Nations."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Truman later reaffirmed the position "that all questions affecting Formosa be settled by peaceful means as envisaged in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">Charter of the United Nations</a>" in his special message to Congress in July 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PRC denounced his moves as flagrant interference in the internal affairs of China. </p><p>On 8 September 1950, President Truman ordered <a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>, then Foreign Policy Advisor to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a>, to carry out his decision on "neutralizing" Taiwan in drafting the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Japan">Treaty of Peace with Japan</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> Peace Treaty) of 1951. According to <a href="/wiki/George_H._Kerr" title="George H. Kerr">George H. Kerr</a>'s memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Formosa_Betrayed_(1965_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Formosa Betrayed (1965 book)">Formosa Betrayed</a></i>, Dulles devised a plan whereby Japan would first merely renounce its sovereignty over Taiwan without a recipient country to allow the sovereignty over Taiwan to be determined together by the United States, the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and the Republic of China on behalf of other nations on the peace treaty. The question of Taiwan would be taken into the United Nations (of which the ROC was <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">still part</a>) if these four parties could not reach an agreement within one year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1952_–_Treaty_of_Peace_with_Japan_(San_Francisco)"><span id="1952_.E2.80.93_Treaty_of_Peace_with_Japan_.28San_Francisco.29"></span>1952 – Treaty of Peace with Japan (San Francisco)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1952 – Treaty of Peace with Japan (San Francisco)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Japan regained sovereignty over itself in 1952 with the conclusion of the Treaty of Peace with Japan (San Francisco Peace Treaty) with 48 nations, Japan renounced all claims and titles over Taiwan and the Pescadores. Many claim that Japanese sovereignty only terminated at that point.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably absent at the peace conference was the ROC which was expelled from <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> in December 1949 as a result of the Chinese Civil War and had retreated to Taiwan. The PRC, which was proclaimed on 1 October 1949, was also not invited. The lack of invitation was probably due to the dispute over which government was the legitimate government of China (which both governments claimed to be); however, <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> considerations might have played a part as well.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some major governments represented in the San Francisco Conference, such as the UK and Soviet Union, had already established relations with the PRC, while others, such as the U.S. and Japan, still held relations with the ROC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The UK at that time stated for the record that the San Francisco Peace Treaty "itself does not determine the future of these islands," and therefore, the UK, along with Australia and New Zealand, was happy to sign the peace treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taipeitimes20070930-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the major reasons that the delegate from the Soviet Union gave for not signing the treaty was that: "The draft contains only a reference to the renunciation by Japan of its rights to these territories [Taiwan] but intentionally omits any mention of the further fate of these territories."<sup id="cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taipeitimes20070930-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 25 of this treaty officially stipulated that only the Allied Powers defined in the treaty could benefit from this treaty. China was not listed as one of the Allied Powers; however, article 21 still provided limited benefits from Articles 10 and 14(a)2 for China. Japan's cession of Taiwan is unusual in that no recipient of Taiwan was stated as part of Dulles's plan of "neutralizing" Taiwan. The ROC protested its lack of invitation to the San Francisco Peace conference, to no avail.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1952_–_Treaty_of_Taipei"><span id="1952_.E2.80.93_Treaty_of_Taipei"></span>1952 – Treaty of Taipei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1952 – Treaty of Taipei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Subsequently, the Treaty of Taipei was concluded between the ROC and Japan on 28 April 1952 (effective 5 August), where Japan essentially re-affirmed the terms of the San Francisco Peace Treaty and formalized the peace between the ROC and Japan. It also nullified all previous treaties made between China and Japan. Article 10 of the treaty specifies:</p><blockquote><p>"For the purposes of the present Treaty, nationals of the Republic of China shall be <a href="/wiki/Deem_(law)" title="Deem (law)">deemed</a> to include all the inhabitants and former inhabitants of Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores) and their descendants who are of the Chinese nationality in accordance with the laws and regulations which have been or may hereafter be enforced by the Republic of China in Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores)."</p></blockquote><p> However, the ROC Minister of Foreign Affairs George Kung-ch'ao Yeh told the Legislative Yuan after signing the treaty that: "The delicate international situation makes it that they [Taiwan and Penghu] do not belong to us. Under present circumstances, Japan has no right to transfer [Taiwan] to us; nor can we accept such a transfer from Japan even if she so wishes."<sup id="cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taipeitimes20070930-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1971, the U.S. State Department's position was, and remains: "As Taiwan and the Pescadores are not covered by any existing international disposition, sovereignty over the area is an unsettled question subject to future international resolution."<sup id="cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taipeitimes20070930-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_of_governments_and_other_officials">Positions of governments and other officials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Positions of governments and other officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China_(PRC)"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China_.28PRC.29"></span>People's Republic of China (PRC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China (PRC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents_(front).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents_%28front%29.jpg/350px-Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents_%28front%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents_%28front%29.jpg/525px-Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents_%28front%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents_%28front%29.jpg/700px-Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents_%28front%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption>A PRC <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Residents" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents">Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents</a>. Permits allow ROC residents of Taiwan to enter mainland China. The PRC refuses to accept ROC <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_passport" title="Taiwan passport">passports</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The position of the PRC is that the ROC ceased to be a legitimate government upon the founding of the former on 1 October 1949 and that the PRC is the successor of the ROC as the sole legitimate government of China, with the right to rule Taiwan under the <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_states_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession of states theory">succession of states theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prc_wp_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prc_wp-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The position of the PRC is that the ROC and PRC are two different factions in the Chinese Civil War, which never legally ended. Therefore, the PRC claims that both factions belong to the same sovereign country—China. Since, as per the PRC, Taiwan's sovereignty belongs to China, the PRC's government and supporters believe that the secession of Taiwan should be agreed upon by all 1.3 billion Chinese citizens instead of just the 23 million residents of Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the position of PRC is that <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly Resolution 2758">UN General Assembly Resolution 2758</a>, which states "Recognizing that the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations", means that the PRC is recognized as having the sovereignty of all of China, including Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the PRC believes that it is within its legal rights to extend its jurisdiction to Taiwan by military means if at all necessary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In addition, the position of the PRC is that the ROC does not meet the fourth criterion of the <a href="/wiki/Montevideo_Convention" title="Montevideo Convention">Montevideo Convention</a>, as it is recognized by only <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition of the Republic of China">11 UN member states</a> and has been denied access to international organizations such as the UN. The PRC points out the fact that the Montevideo Convention was only signed by 19 states at the Seventh International Conference of American States. Thus the authority of the United Nations as well as UN Resolutions, should supersede the Montevideo Convention. However, "When speaking of statehood, one invariably refers to the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, 60 which, laying down what is now considered a rule of customary international law, states that "[t]he State as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with other States." Taiwan indeed satisfies all these criteria for statehood."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many would argue that Taiwan meets all the requirements of the Montevideo Convention. But to make such an argument, one has to reject China's claim of sovereignty over the territory of the Taiwan island, a claim that has been recognized by most states in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is clear that the PRC still maintains that "there is only one China in the world" and "Taiwan is an inalienable part of China". However, instead of "the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China", the PRC now emphasizes that "both Taiwan and the mainland belong to one and same China".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although the current position allows for flexibility in terms of defining that "one China", any departure from the <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a> is deemed unacceptable by the PRC government. The PRC government is unwilling to negotiate with the ROC government under any formulation other than the One-China policy, although a more flexible definition of "one China" such as found in the <a href="/wiki/1992_consensus" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 consensus">1992 consensus</a> is possible under PRC policy. The PRC government considers the 1992 consensus a temporary measure to set aside sovereignty disputes and enable talks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The PRC government considers perceived violations of its "One-China policy" or inconsistencies with it, such as supplying the ROC with arms a violation of its rights to <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pdaily041010_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdaily041010-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International news organizations often report that "China considers Taiwan a renegade province that must be united with the mainland by force if necessary", even though the PRC does not explicitly say that Taiwan is a "renegade province" in any press releases. However, official PRC media outlets and officials often refer to Taiwan as "China's <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan Province</a>" or simply "<a href="/wiki/Taiwan,_China" title="Taiwan, China">Taiwan, China</a>", and pressure international organizations to use the term.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China_(ROC)"><span id="Republic_of_China_.28ROC.29"></span>Republic of China (ROC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Republic of China (ROC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Special:EditPage/Political status of Taiwan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)_Passport_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_Passport_2020.svg/220px-Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_Passport_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_Passport_2020.svg/330px-Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_Passport_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_Passport_2020.svg/440px-Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_Passport_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Current <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China passport">Republic of China passport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Passport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Passport">Taiwan Passport</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The ROC argues that it maintains all the characteristics of a state and that it was not "replaced" or "succeeded" by the PRC because it has continued to exist long after the PRC's founding. </p><p>According to the Montevideo Convention of 1933, the most cited source for the definition of statehood, a state must possess a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. Many argue that the ROC meets all these criteria. However, to make such an argument, one has to reject the PRC's claim of sovereignty over the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan island">Taiwan island</a>. The PRC requires all other states that establish <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic relations">diplomatic relations</a> with it not to challenge this claim in addition to severing said relations with the ROC. Most states have either officially recognized this claim or carefully worded their agreement ambiguously, such as the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the original 1912 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">constitution</a> and the 1923 draft version failed to list Taiwan as a part of the ROC since, at the time, Taiwan was a Japanese territory. It was only in the mid-1930s when both the CCP and KMT realized the future strategic importance of Taiwan that they altered their party positions to make a claim on Taiwan as a part of China. After losing the Civil War against the CCP in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist Party fled to Taiwan and continued to maintain that their government represented all of China, i.e. both Taiwan and the mainland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The position of most supporters of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan independence">Taiwan independence</a> is that the PRC is the government of "China" and that Taiwan is not part of China, defining "China" as only including Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. Regarding the ROC, one ideology within Taiwan's independence regards the ROC as already an independent, sovereign state and seeks to amend the ROC's existing name, constitution, and existing framework to reflect the loss of ROC's mainland territory and transform the ROC into a Taiwan state; while another ideology of Taiwan independence regards the ROC as both a military government that has been administering the Taiwan island as a result of post-war <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a> on behalf of the allies of World War II since 1945, and a Chinese refugee regime currently in exile on Taiwan since 1949, and seeks to eliminate the ROC and establish a new independent Taiwan state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Democratic Progressive Party states that Taiwan has never been under the jurisdiction of the PRC and that the PRC does not exercise any hold over the 23 million Taiwanese on the island. On the other hand, the position of most <a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a> supporters is that the Chinese Civil War is still not over since no peace agreement has ever been signed and that the current status is a state of <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> between two <a href="/wiki/Belligerents" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents">belligerents</a> of "<a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The position of the Republic of China has been that it is a <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> sovereign state. "Republic of China," according to the ROC government's definition, extended to both mainland China (Including <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>) and the island of Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-mac_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> unofficially claimed that the government would no longer challenge the rule of the CCP in mainland China, although the ROC government under Kuomintang (KMT) rule actively maintained that it was the sole legitimate government of China. The Courts in Taiwan have never accepted President Lee's statement, primarily due to the reason that the (now defunct) <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of the Republic of China">National Assembly</a> never officially changed the acclaimed national borders. Notably, the People's Republic of China claims that changing the national borders would be "a precursor to Taiwan independence". The task of changing the national borders now requires a constitutional amendment passed by the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> and ratified by a majority of all eligible ROC voters, which the PRC has implied would constitute grounds for military attack.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exit_and_Entry_Permit_of_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Exit_and_Entry_Permit_of_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.jpg/220px-Exit_and_Entry_Permit_of_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Exit_and_Entry_Permit_of_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.jpg/330px-Exit_and_Entry_Permit_of_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Exit_and_Entry_Permit_of_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.jpg/440px-Exit_and_Entry_Permit_of_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Exit and Entry Permit Taiwan, Republic of China. The Republic of China issues this permit to enable residents of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau to travel to Taiwan. The Republic of China refuses to accept <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_passport" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China passport">People's Republic of China passports</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the other hand, though the constitution of the Republic of China promulgated in 1946 does not state exactly what territory it includes, the draft of the constitution of 1925 did individually list the provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan</a> was not among them, since Taiwan was arguably <i>de jure</i> part of Japan as the result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki of 1895. The constitution also stipulated in Article I.4, that "the territory of the ROC is the original territory governed by it; unless authorized by the National Assembly, it cannot be altered." However, in 1946, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Fo" title="Sun Fo">Sun Fo</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Yat-Sen">Sun Yat-Sen</a> and the minister of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a> of the ROC, reported to the National Assembly that "there are two types of territory changes: 1. renouncing territory and 2. annexing new territory. The first example would be the independence of <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, and the second example would be the reclamation of Taiwan. Both would be examples of territory changes." Japan renounced all rights to Taiwan in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a> in 1951 and the Treaty of Taipei of 1952 without an explicit recipient. While the ROC continuously ruled Taiwan after the government was directed to Taiwan by the <a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._1" title="General Order No. 1">General Order No. 1</a> (1945) to receive Japanese surrender, there has never been a meeting of the ROC National Assembly in making a territory change according to the ROC constitution. The explanatory memorandum to the constitution explained the omission of individually listing the provinces as opposed to the earlier drafts was an act of deliberate ambiguity: as the ROC government does not recognize the validity of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, based on Chiang Kai-shek's <a href="/wiki/Denunciation" title="Denunciation">Denunciation</a> of the treaty in the late 1930s, hence (according to this argument) the sovereignty of Taiwan was never disposed of by China. A ratification by the ROC National Assembly is, therefore, unnecessary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="extiw" title="s:Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China</a> have mentioned "Taiwan Province," and the now defunct National Assembly passed constitutional amendments that give the people of the "<a href="/wiki/Free_Area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Area of the Republic of China">Free Area of the Republic of China</a>", comprising the territories under its current jurisdiction, the sole right, until unification, to exercise the sovereignty of the Republic through elections<sup id="cite_ref-mac_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the President and the entire Legislature as well as through elections to ratify amendments to the ROC constitution. Also, Chapter I, Article 2 of the ROC constitution states that "The sovereignty of the Republic of China shall reside in the whole body of citizens." This suggests that the constitution implicitly admits that the sovereignty of the ROC is limited to the areas that it controls, even if there is no constitutional amendment that explicitly spells out the ROC's borders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_the_Province_Government_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Taiwan_the_Province_Government_Building.JPG/220px-Taiwan_the_Province_Government_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Taiwan_the_Province_Government_Building.JPG/330px-Taiwan_the_Province_Government_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Taiwan_the_Province_Government_Building.JPG/440px-Taiwan_the_Province_Government_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The building of the Provincial Government of the Taiwan Province of the Republic of China at Jhongsing Village</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Building_and_Judicial_Yuan_Building_20050702.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Presidential_Building_and_Judicial_Yuan_Building_20050702.jpg/220px-Presidential_Building_and_Judicial_Yuan_Building_20050702.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Presidential_Building_and_Judicial_Yuan_Building_20050702.jpg/330px-Presidential_Building_and_Judicial_Yuan_Building_20050702.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Presidential_Building_and_Judicial_Yuan_Building_20050702.jpg/440px-Presidential_Building_and_Judicial_Yuan_Building_20050702.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Republic of China Presidential Office Building is located in the Zhongzheng District of <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1999, ROC President Lee Teng-hui proposed a <a href="/wiki/Special_state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special state-to-state relations">two-state theory</a> (兩國論) in which both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China would acknowledge that they are two separate countries with a special diplomatic, cultural, and historic relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-2states_1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2states_1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2000vote_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000vote-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, however, drew an angry reaction from the PRC who believed that Lee was covertly supporting Taiwan independence.<sup id="cite_ref-2states_2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2states_2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> (2000 – May 2008) fully supported the idea that the "Republic of China is an independent, sovereign country" but held the view that the Republic of China is Taiwan and Taiwan does not belong to the People's Republic of China. This is suggested in his <a href="/wiki/Four-stage_Theory_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-stage Theory of the Republic of China">Four-stage Theory of the Republic of China</a>. Due to the necessity of avoiding war with the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a>, however, President Chen had refrained from formally declaring Taiwan's independence. Government publications have implied that Taiwan refers to the ROC, and "China" refers to the PRC.<sup id="cite_ref-mac_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After becoming chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> in July 2002, Chen appeared to move further than Lee's special two-state theory and in early August 2002, by putting forward the "<a href="/wiki/One_country_on_each_side" class="mw-redirect" title="One country on each side">one country on each side</a>" concept, he stated that Taiwan may "go on its own Taiwanese road" and that "it is clear that the two sides of the straits are separate countries." These statements essentially eliminate any "special" factors in the relations and were strongly criticized by opposition parties in Taiwan. President Chen has repeatedly refused to endorse the <a href="/wiki/One_China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One China policy">One China Principle</a> or the more "flexible" <a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a> the PRC demands as a precursor to negotiations with the PRC. During Chen's presidency, there had not been any successful attempts to restart negotiations on a semi-official level. </p><p>In the 2008 ROC elections, the people delivered KMT's <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> with an election win as well as a sizable majority in the legislature. President Ma, throughout his election campaign, maintained that he would accept the 1992 consensus and promote better relations with the PRC. In respect of Taiwan's political status, his policy was 1. he would not negotiate with the PRC on the subject of unification during his term; 2. he would never declare Taiwan's independence; and 3. he would not provoke the PRC into attacking Taiwan. He officially accepted the 1992 Consensus in his inauguration speech, which resulted in direct semi-official talks with the PRC, and this later led to the commencement of weekend direct charter flights between mainland China and Taiwan. President Ma also interprets the cross-strait relations as "<a href="/wiki/Special_non-state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special non-state-to-state relations">special</a>", "but not that between two nations".<sup id="cite_ref-chinapost.com.tw_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinapost.com.tw-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later stated that mainland China is part of the territory of the Republic of China, and laws relating to international relations are not applicable to the relations between mainland China and Taiwan, as they are parts of a state.<sup id="cite_ref-taipeitimes.com_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taipeitimes.com-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-Wen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsai Ing-Wen">Tsai Ing-Wen</a> of the DPP won a landslide victory in the presidential election and was later re-elected for the second term in 2020. She refused to agree that Taiwan is part of China and also rejected the <a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a> model proposed by the PRC. Instead, she said that "Republic of China, Taiwan" already is an independent country and that Beijing must "face reality".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries_and_international_organizations">Other countries and international organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other countries and international organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Taiwan and the United Nations">Taiwan and the United Nations</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voting_res_2758.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Voting_res_2758.svg/600px-Voting_res_2758.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Voting_res_2758.svg/900px-Voting_res_2758.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Voting_res_2758.svg/1200px-Voting_res_2758.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>Voting situation in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">UN general assembly respect to resolution 2758</a> (1971) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:limegreen; color:black;"> </span> Vote in favor</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> Vote against</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> Non-Voting</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> Abstention</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:silver; color:black;"> </span> Non-UN-members or dependencies</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Because of <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> sentiment at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the Republic of China was initially recognized as the sole legitimate government of China by the United Nations and most Western nations. On 9 January 1950, the Israeli government extended recognition to the People's Republic of China. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_505" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505</a>, passed on 1 February 1952, considered the CCP to be rebels against the Republic of China. However, the 1970s saw a switch in diplomatic recognition from the ROC to the PRC. On 25 October 1971, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">Resolution 2758</a> was passed by the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>, which "decides to restore all its rights to the People's Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of its Government as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations, and to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it." Multiple attempts by the Republic of China to rejoin the UN, no longer to represent all of China but just the people of the territories it governs, have not made it past committee, largely due to diplomatic maneuvering by the PRC, which claims Resolution 2758 has settled the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PRC refuses to maintain diplomatic relations with any nation that recognizes the ROC,<sup id="cite_ref-prc_wp_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prc_wp-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but does not object to nations conducting economic, cultural, and other such exchanges with Taiwan that do not imply diplomatic relations. Therefore, many nations that have diplomatic relations with Beijing maintain quasi-diplomatic offices in Taipei. Similarly, the government in Taiwan maintains quasi-diplomatic offices in most nations under various names, most commonly as the <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Office">Taipei Economic and Cultural Office</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/275px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/413px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/550px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>With President Chiang Kai-shek, the U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> waved hands to Taiwanese people during his visit to <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> in June 1960.</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States of America is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">one of the main allies</a> of Taiwan and since the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a> passed in 1979, the United States has sold arms and provided military training to Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TRA-review_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRA-review-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This situation continues to be a point of contention for the People's Republic of China, which considers US involvement disruptive to the stability of the region. In January 2010, the Obama administration announced its intention to sell $6.4 billion worth of military hardware to Taiwan. As a consequence, China threatened the United States with economic sanctions and warned that their cooperation on international and regional issues could suffer.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official position of the United States is that China is expected to "use no force or threat[en] to use force against Taiwan" and that Taiwan is to "exercise prudence in managing all aspects of <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a>." Both are to refrain from performing actions or espousing statements "that would unilaterally alter Taiwan's status."<sup id="cite_ref-UsPolicyToTaiwan_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UsPolicyToTaiwan-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States maintains the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_in_Taiwan" title="American Institute in Taiwan">American Institute in Taiwan</a>. </p><p>The United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, India, Pakistan, and Canada have in some form adopted the One China policy, under which the People's Republic of China is theoretically the sole legitimate government of China. However, the United States and Japan <i>acknowledge</i> rather than <i>recognize</i> the PRC position that Taiwan is part of China. In the case of the United Kingdom and Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bilateral written agreements state that the two respective parties <i>take note</i> of Beijing's position but do not use the word <i>support</i>. The UK government's position that "the future of Taiwan be decided peacefully by the peoples of both sides of the Strait" has been stated several times. Despite the PRC's claim that the United States opposes Taiwanese independence, the United States takes advantage of the subtle difference between "oppose" and "does not support". In fact, a substantial majority of the statements Washington has made say that it "does not support Taiwan independence" instead of saying that it "opposes" independence. Thus, the US currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Relative_time_references" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Clarify the applicable timeframe so that it is unambiguous when read at a later date. (December 2021)">timeframe?</span></a></i>]</sup> does not take a position on the political outcome, except for one explicit condition that there be a peaceful resolution to the differences between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.<sup id="cite_ref-UsPolicyToTaiwan_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UsPolicyToTaiwan-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States bi-partisan position is that it does not <i>recognize</i> the PRC's claim over Taiwan, and considers Taiwan's status as unsettled.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_johnpaul_funeral_politics.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pope_johnpaul_funeral_politics.jpeg/220px-Pope_johnpaul_funeral_politics.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pope_johnpaul_funeral_politics.jpeg/330px-Pope_johnpaul_funeral_politics.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pope_johnpaul_funeral_politics.jpeg/440px-Pope_johnpaul_funeral_politics.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1654" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> (<i>far left</i>) attended the <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Pope_John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of Pope John Paul II">funeral of Pope John Paul II</a> in 2005. As the Holy See's recognized head of state of China, Chen was seated in the front row (in French alphabetical order) beside the first lady and president of Brazil.</figcaption></figure> <p>The ROC maintains formal diplomatic relations with <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition of the Republic of China">11 UN member states</a>, mostly in Central America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Oceania. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> also recognizes the ROC, a largely non-Christian/<a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> state, due partly to the Catholic Church's traditional opposition to communism and also to protest what it sees as the PRC's <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Patriotic_Catholic_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association">suppression of the Catholic faith</a> in mainland China. However, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> diplomats were engaged in talks with PRC politicians at the time of Pope <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a>'s death, with a view towards improving relations between the two countries. When asked, one Vatican diplomat suggested that relations with Taiwan might prove "expendable" should PRC be willing to engage in positive diplomatic relations with the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, the Vatican and PRC have shown greater interest in establishing ties, including the appointment of pro-Vatican bishops and the Pope canceling a planned visit from the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1990s, there was a diplomatic tug-of-war in which the PRC and ROC attempted to outbid each other to obtain the diplomatic support of small nations. This struggle seems to have slowed as a result of the PRC's growing economic power and doubts in Taiwan as to whether this aid was actually in the Republic of China's interest. In March 2004, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> switched recognition to the PRC in exchange for a large aid package.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in late 2004, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> briefly switched recognition from Beijing to Taipei,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by a return to its recognition of Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 January 2005, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> switched its recognition from Taipei to Beijing, in return for millions in aid (US$1,500 for every Grenadian).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 14 May 2005, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> announced the restoration of formal diplomatic relations with Taipei after a three-year hiatus, during which it briefly recognized the People's Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 October 2005, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> broke off relations with the Republic of China and established diplomatic contacts with Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, on 5 August 2006, Taipei ended relations with <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> when Chad established relations with Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 April 2007, however, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, which had previously severed ties with the Republic of China following a change of government in December 1996, announced the restoration of formal diplomatic relations with Taipei.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 June 2007, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> broke off diplomatic ties with the Republic of China in favour of the People's Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCCostaRica_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCCostaRica-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2008, Malawi's foreign minister reported Malawi decided to cut diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China and recognize the People's Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 November 2013, the Government of the Gambia announced its break-up with Taiwan, but the Foreign Affairs Ministry of China denied any ties with this political movement, adding that they were not considering on building a relation with this African nation.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/2016_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2016 Taiwanese presidential election">2016 Taiwanese presidential election</a>, China announced in March that it had resumed diplomatic relations with Gambia.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latest countries to break off formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan were <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> on 24 May 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> on 21 August 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> in September 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> on 9 December 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> on 26 March 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> on 15 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of at least 2024, the trend in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> governments is not to generally discuss the issue of Taiwan's political status.<sup id="cite_ref-:Ma&Kang_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Ma&Kang-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 183">: 183 </span></sup> Academics Xinru Ma and David C. Kang write that when East Asian countries do, "it is often to caution the United States from getting too far ahead of where even the Taiwanese themselves are."<sup id="cite_ref-:Ma&Kang_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Ma&Kang-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 183">: 183 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_organizations">International organizations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under continuing pressure from the PRC to bar any representation of the ROC that may imply statehood, international organizations have adopted different policies toward the issue of ROC's participation. In cases where almost all UN members or sovereign states participate, such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ROC has been shut out. In others, it participates under other names, including <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> or <a href="/wiki/APEC" class="mw-redirect" title="APEC">APEC</a>) and the "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kimmen and Matsu" (in the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, and often also shortened as "Chinese Taipei"). After nine years of negotiations, members of the WTO completed the conditions on which to allow Taiwan admittance into the multilateral trade organization. At the end of 2011, Jeffery Bader, Assistant United States Trade Representative for China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, led and finalized the final stages of Taiwan's accession to the WTO, which were approved by trade ministers in November in Doha, Qatar. The <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a> directory of names of countries and territories registers Taiwan (TW) separately from and in addition to the People's Republic of China (CN), but lists Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China" based on the name used by the UN under PRC pressure. In <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">ISO 3166-2:CN</a>, Taiwan is also coded CN-71 under China, thus making Taiwan part of China in <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">ISO 3166-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a> categories. </p><p>Naming issues surrounding Taiwan/ROC continue to be a contentious issue in non-governmental organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Lions_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Lions Club">Lions Club</a>, which faced considerable controversy naming its Taiwanese branch.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relations_with_the_ROC_and_position_on_Taiwan">Relations with the ROC and position on Taiwan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Relations with the ROC and position on Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 15 January 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the countries who maintain formal diplomatic relations with the ROC are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001933-06-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 June 1933</span><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>— </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001942-10-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">23 October 1942</span><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001956-04-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 April 1956</span><sup id="cite_ref-taiwantoday.tw_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taiwantoday.tw-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001957-07-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 July 1957</span><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_i"><a href="#endnote_i">1</a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001968-09-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">16 September 1968</span><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001979-09-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 September 1979</span><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001981-04-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 April 1981</span><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001983-09-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">23 September 1983</span><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_i"><a href="#endnote_i">2</a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001984-01-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">13 January 1984</span><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001989-10-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">11 October 1989</span><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001998-11-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">20 November 1998</span><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001999-12-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">29 December 1999</span><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>1.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_i"><b><a href="#ref_i">^</a></b></span> Until 2018 called Swaziland.</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_i"><b><a href="#ref_i">^</a></b></span> Established relations with the PRC on 1 September 1997,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but restored ties with the ROC on 26 April 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The following countries have unofficial economic and cultural relations with the ROC: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Somaliland, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States (including Guam), and Vietnam.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of January 2023, fifty-one countries recognise Taiwan as a part of China: Albania, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belarus, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czechia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Estonia, France, Georgia, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Maldives, Moldova, Montenegro, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Uganda, and Vietnam. Other countries have not committed to or have not made public statements indicating a position on the question.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_arguments">Legal arguments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legal arguments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The proclamation of Taiwan <a href="/wiki/Retrocession_Day" title="Retrocession Day">Retrocession Day</a> on 25 October 1945 by the ROC (when the PRC had not yet been founded) was entirely uncontested. Had another party been sovereign over Taiwan, that party would have had a period of years in which to protest, and its failure to do so represents cession of rights in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Custom_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Custom (law)">prescription</a>. The lack of protest by any non-Chinese government persists to this day, further strengthening this argument.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even if the San Francisco Peace Treaty were determinative, it should be interpreted in a manner consistent with the Potsdam and Cairo Declarations. Therefore, sovereignty would still have been transferred to China.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Applying the principle of <i><a href="/wiki/Uti_possidetis" title="Uti possidetis">uti possidetis</a></i> with regard to the Treaty of Taipei would grant Taiwan's sovereignty to the ROC, as it is undisputed that at the coming into force of the treaty, the ROC controlled Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taiwan was <i>terra derelicta</i> and, after 1951, became Chinese territory through appropriation. According to barrister <a href="/wiki/D._P._O%27Connell" title="D. P. O'Connell">D. P. O'Connell</a>, this theory of acquisition by occupation is more inherently consistent than several other theories on Taiwan's status.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The San Francisco Peace Treaty's omission of "<a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">China</a>" as a participant was not an accident of history, but reflected the status that the Republic of China had failed to maintain its original position as the <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2010)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> government of the "whole China". By fleeing to Taiwan island in December 1949, the ROC government has then arguably become a <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">government in exile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PeaseTreaty_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeaseTreaty-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_viewpoints">Other viewpoints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other viewpoints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Self-published plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-self-published" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain excessive or inappropriate references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing references to unreliable <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">sources</a> where they are used inappropriately.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Special:EditPage/Political status of Taiwan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Political+status+of+Taiwan%22">"Political status of Taiwan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Political+status+of+Taiwan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Political+status+of+Taiwan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Political+status+of+Taiwan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Political+status+of+Taiwan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Political+status+of+Taiwan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese_sovereignty">Chinese sovereignty</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Chinese sovereignty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Arguments common to both the PRC and the ROC</b> </p><p>The ROC and PRC both officially support the One China policy and thus share common arguments. In the arguments below, "Chinese" is an ambiguous term that could mean the PRC and/or ROC as legal government(s) of China. </p> <ol><li>The waging of aggressive war by Japan against China in 1937 and beyond violates the peace that was brokered in the Treaty of Shimonoseki. In 1941, with the declaration of war against Japan, the Chinese government declared this treaty void <i>ab initio</i> (never happened in the first place). Therefore, some argue that, with no valid transfer of sovereignty taking place, the sovereignty of Taiwan naturally belongs to China.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Cairo Declaration of 1 December 1943 was accepted by Japan in its surrender. This document states that Taiwan was to be restored to the Republic of China at the end of World War II. Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a> of 26 July 1945, also accepted by Japan, implies that it will no longer have sovereignty over Taiwan by stating that "Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, and such minor islands".</li> <li>The exclusion of Chinese governments (both ROC and PRC) in the negotiation process of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (SFPT) nullified any legally binding power of the SFPT on China, including any act of renouncing or disposing of sovereignty. In addition, the fact that neither ROC nor PRC government ever ratified SFPT terms prescribes that the SFPT is irrelevant to any discussion of Chinese sovereignty.</li> <li>SFPT's validity has come into question as some of the countries participating in the San Francisco conference, such as the USSR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and North and South Korea, refused to sign the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Strait_Journal_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Strait_Journal-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Assuming SFPT is valid in determining the sovereignty over Taiwan, Japan, in article 2 of the SFPT, renounced all rights, without assigning a recipient, regarding Taiwan. Japan, in the same article, also renounced, without assigning a recipient, areas that are now internationally recognized as territories of Russia as well as other countries. Given that the sovereignty of these countries over renounced areas is undisputed, the Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan must also be undisputed.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Strait_Journal_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Strait_Journal-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><b>ROC sovereignty</b> </p> <ol><li>The ROC fulfills all requirements for a state according to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Montevideo" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention of Montevideo">Convention of Montevideo</a>, which means it has a territory, a people, and a government.</li> <li>The ROC continues to exist since its establishment in 1911, only on a reduced territory after 1949.</li> <li>The creation and continuity of a state is only a factual issue, not a legal question. Declarations and recognition by other states cannot have any impact on their existence. According to the declaratory theory of recognition, the recognition of third states is not a requirement for being a state. Most of the cited declarations by American or British politicians are not legal statements but solely political intents.</li> <li>The PRC has never exercised control over Taiwan.</li> <li>The Treaty of Taipei formalized the peace between Japan and the ROC. In it, Japan reaffirmed Cairo Declaration and Potsdam Declaration and voided all treaties conducted between China and Japan (including the Treaty of Shimonoseki).</li> <li>Article 4 of the ROC Constitution clearly states that "The territory of the Republic of China" is defined "according to its existing national boundaries..." Taiwan was historically part of China and is, therefore, naturally included therein. Also, as Treaty of Shimonoseki is void <i>ab initio</i>, China has never legally dispossessed of the sovereignty of the territory. There is, accordingly, no need to have a National Assembly resolution to include the territory.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sino-American_Mutual_Defense_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty">ROC – USA Mutual Defense Treaty of 1955</a> states that "the terms "territorial" and "territories" shall mean in respect of the Republic of China, Taiwan, and the Pescadores" and thus can be read as implicitly recognizing the ROC sovereignty over Taiwan. However, the treaty was terminated in 1980.</li></ol> <p><b>PRC sovereignty</b> </p> <ol><li>The PRC does not recognize the validity of any of the unequal treaties the Qing signed in the "century of humiliation," as it considers them all unjust and illegal, as is the position during <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong</a> from the United Kingdom to the PRC. As such, the cession of Taiwan in the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki actually never took place in a <i>de jure</i> fashion. The PRC, as the successor to the Qing and ROC in that order, therefore inherited the sovereignty of Taiwan.</li> <li>The return of the sovereignty of Taiwan to the ROC was confirmed on 25 October 1945 on the basis of the Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Proclamation, Japanese Instrument of Surrender, and the invalidity of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. According to United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, the PRC became the successor government to the ROC in representing China, and as such, the PRC should hold the sovereignty of Taiwan.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Communique_of_the_Government_of_Japan_and_the_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Communique of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China">Joint Communique of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China</a> to the end of the Treaty of Taipei, the document signifying the commencement of the PRC and Japan's formal relations, Japan in article 3 stated that it fully understands and respects the position of the Government of the People's Republic of China that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China. Japan also firmly maintains its stand under Article 8 of the Potsdam Declaration, which says, "the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out". The Cairo Declaration says, "All territories Japan has stolen from China, including Manchuria, Taiwan, and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China". The PRC argues that it is a successor state of the ROC and is therefore entitled to all of the ROC's holdings and benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taiwanese_independence">Taiwanese independence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Taiwanese independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Taiwan already is sovereign and independent</b> </p> <ol><li>The peace that was brokered in the Treaty of Shimonoseki was breached by the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>, which led to the conclusion of the Boxer Protocol of 1901 (Peace Agreement between the <a href="/wiki/Historical_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical powers">Great Powers</a> and China),<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and China, not by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. The Treaty of Shimonoseki was a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispositive_treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dispositive treaty (page does not exist)">dispositive treaty</a>. Therefore, it is not voidable or nullifiable (this doctrine being that treaties specifying particular actions which can be <i>completed,</i> once the action <i>gets completed,</i> <i>cannot</i> be voided or reversed without a new treaty specifically reversing that clause). Hence, the <i><a href="/wiki/Unequal_treaty_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Unequal treaty doctrine">unequal treaty doctrine</a></i> cannot be applied to this treaty. By way of comparison, as 200,000,000 Kuping <a href="/wiki/Tael" title="Tael">taels</a> were not returned to China from Japan, and Korea had not become a Chinese-dependent country again, the cession in the treaty was executed and cannot be nullified. The disposition of Formosa and the Pescadores in this treaty was a legitimate cession by conquest, confirmed by treaty, and thus is not a theft, as described as "all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese" in Cairo Declaration.</li> <li>It should also be noted that the Qing court exercised effective sovereignty over primarily the west coast of Taiwan only, and even then did not regard the area as an integral part of national Chinese territory.</li> <li>The "Cairo Declaration" was merely an unsigned press communiqué which does not carry a <b>legal status</b>, while the Potsdam Proclamation and Instrument of Surrender are simply <a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi" title="Modus vivendi">modus vivendi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> that function as temporary records and do not bear legally binding power to transfer sovereignty. Good faith of interpretation only takes place at the level of treaties.</li> <li>The "retrocession" proclaimed by ROC in 1945 was legally null and impossible since Taiwan was still <i>de jure</i> part of Japan before the post-war San Francisco Peace Treaty came into effect on 28 April 1952. Consequently, the announcement of the mass-naturalization of native Taiwanese persons as ROC citizens in January 1946 is unjust and void <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_initio" title="Ab initio">Ab initio</a></i>. After the San Francisco Peace Treaty came into effect, the sovereignty of Taiwan naturally belonged to the Taiwanese people.</li> <li>Some of Taiwan independence supporters once used arguments not in favor of Chinese sovereignty to dispute to legitimacy of the Kuomintang-controlled government that ruled over Taiwan; they have dropped these arguments due to the democratization of Taiwan. This has allowed the more moderate supporters of independence to stress the <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a> theory in order to accept the legitimacy of the ROC government in Taiwan; they hold that the island of Taiwan is <i>already</i> an independent state which is formally called the Republic of China. President <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a> and former President <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> (both members of the moderate pro-independence <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a>) have supported this position, which is known in Taiwanese politics as <a href="/wiki/Huadu_(Taiwan)" title="Huadu (Taiwan)"><i>Huadu</i></a>.</li> <li>Sovereignty transfer to the ROC by <a href="/wiki/Custom_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Custom (law)">prescription</a> does not apply to Taiwan's case since: <ol><li>Prescription is the manner of acquiring property by a long, honest, and uninterrupted possession or use during the time required by law. The possession must have been <i>possessio longa, continua, et pacifica, nec sit ligitima interruptio</i> (long, continued, peaceable, and without lawful interruption). For prescription to apply, the state with title to the territory must acquiesce to the action of the other state. Yet, PRC has never established an occupation on Taiwan and exercised sovereignty;</li> <li>Prescription as a rule for acquiring sovereignty itself is not universally accepted. The <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> ruled that Belgium retained its sovereignty over territories even by non-assertion of its rights and by acquiescence to acts of sovereign control alleged to have been exercised by the Netherlands over a period of 109 years;<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Also by way of comparison, even after 38 years of continuous control, the international community did not recognize sovereignty rights to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> by Israel, and the Israeli cabinet formally declared an end to military rule there as of 12 September 2005, with a removal of all Israeli settlers and military bases from the Strip;</li> <li>A pro-independence group, which formed a <i>Provisional Government of Formosa</i> in 2000, argued that both the <a href="/wiki/228_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="228 incident">228 incident</a> of 1947 and the Provisional Government of Formosa have constituted protests against ROC government's claim of retrocession within a reasonable twenty-five-year (or more) acquiescence period;<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Taiwanese residents were unable to make a protest after the <a href="/wiki/228_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="228 incident">228 incident</a> due to the authoritarian rule under KMT regime which suppressed all pro-independence opinion; and</li> <li>Japan was not able to cast a protest as it was under <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a> at the time; however, it did not renounce its sovereignty over Taiwan until 28 April 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies_and_media_coverage">Controversies and media coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Controversies and media coverage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many political leaders who have maintained some form of the One-China Policy have committed slips of the tongue in referring to Taiwan as a country or as the Republic of China. United States presidents <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> have been known to have referred to Taiwan as a country during their terms of office. Although near the end of his term as U.S. Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> said that <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> is not a state, he referred to Taiwan as the Republic of China twice during a testimony to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> Foreign Relations Committee on 9 March 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the People's Republic of China Premier <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a>'s farewell speech to the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a>, Zhu accidentally referred to Mainland China and Taiwan as two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zhu says in his speech at MIT University on April 15, 1999, "These raw materials and the components are mainly imported from Japan, [Korea], Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, while the value-added parts in China is very, very insignificant. That is to say, Chinese exports to the United States actually represent a transfer of the exports to the United States by the above-mentioned countries and the regions that I mentioned."<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also those from the PRC who informally refer to Taiwan as a country.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Africa delegates once referred to Taiwan as the "Republic of Taiwan" during <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a>'s term as President of the ROC.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>, the mayor of New York City, referred to Taiwan as a country.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recently, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> stated in a local Chinese newspaper in California in July 2005 that Taiwan is "a sovereign nation". The People's Republic of China discovered the statement about three months after it was made.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In a controversial speech on 4 February 2006, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Japanese Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Taro_Aso" class="mw-redirect" title="Taro Aso">Taro Aso</a> called Taiwan a country with very high education levels because of previous <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Japanese colonial rule</a> over the island.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One month later, he told a Japanese parliamentary committee that "[Taiwan's] democracy is considerably matured and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_theory_of_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal theory of economics">liberal economics</a> is deeply ingrained, so it is a law-abiding country. In various ways, it is a country that shares a sense of values with Japan." At the same time, he admitted that "I know there will be a problem with calling [Taiwan] a country".<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taiwan was classified as a province of the People's Republic of China in the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Maps" title="Apple Maps">Apple Maps</a> application in 2013; searches for "Taiwan" were changed automatically to "China Taiwan province" in Simplified Chinese, prompting the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)">Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> to demand a correction from <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 24, 2021, <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver" title="Last Week Tonight with John Oliver">Last Week Tonight with John Oliver</a></i> aired an episode about Taiwan after a petition on <a href="/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">Change.org</a> in June invited <a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a> to discuss Taiwan's complex political situation and its international significance. In the segment, a brief but comprehensive <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">history of Taiwan</a> is provided with notable points such as occupation by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qing_rule" title="Taiwan under Qing rule">Manchu-Qing dynasty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rule_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese rule in Taiwan">Japanese</a>; path to <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan#Democratic_reforms" title="History of Taiwan">becoming a prominent Asian democracy</a>; and the strained relation with modern-day China. Oliver also highlighted Taiwan as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Bubble_tea" title="Bubble tea">bubble tea</a>, apologies made by <a href="/wiki/John_Cena" title="John Cena">John Cena</a> after referring to Taiwan as a country, and the hesitation of international organizations like the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">Olympics</a> in properly representing Taiwan. He concluded the episode by emphasizing Taiwanese citizens' point of view and their right to determine the country's own future.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To avoid controversy, many mainstream American media outlets refer to Taiwan as an island or democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developments_since_2004">Developments since 2004</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Developments since 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political">Political</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Political"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although the situation is complex, most observers believe that it is stable with enough understandings and <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_agreement" title="Gentlemen's agreement">gentlemen's agreements</a> to keep things from breaking out into open warfare. The current controversy is over the term <i>one China</i>, as the PRC insists that the ROC must recognize this term to begin negotiations. Although the Democratic Progressive Party has moderated its support for Taiwan independence, there is still insufficient support within that party for former President Chen Shui-bian to agree to one China. By contrast, the Kuomintang (KMT) and the <a href="/wiki/People_First_Party_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="People First Party (Republic of China)">People First Party</a> (PFP) appear willing to agree to some variation of one China, and observers believed the position of the PRC was designed to sideline Chen until the <a href="/wiki/2004_ROC_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 ROC presidential election">2004 presidential election</a> where it was hoped that someone who was more supportive of <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait Unification">Chinese unification</a> would come to power. Partly to counter this, Chen Shui-bian announced in July 2002 that if the PRC does not respond to Taiwan's goodwill, Taiwan may "go on its own ... road." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> What ROC president, Chen Shui-bian, means by this is that there are other ways of combatting China as a powerful hegemon. For example, "If Taiwan's Chen Shui-bian had declared legal independence by a popular referendum, scholars agree that is could have immediately triggered a crisis in China, due to its political sensitivity on the mainland".<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taiwan's forced establishment of sovereignty scares the PRC; so when they implement laws, such as the Anti-secession law, it angers ROC's public opinion, and actually creates a "rallying around the flag" effect<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in support of the Taiwanese independence movement. </p><p>With Chen's re-election in 2004, Beijing's prospects for a speedier resolution were dampened, though they seemed strengthened again following the Pan-Blue majority in the <a href="/wiki/2004_ROC_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 ROC legislative election">2004 legislative elections</a>. However, public opinion in Taiwan reacted unfavorably towards the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">anti-secession law</a> passed by the PRC in March 2005. Following two high-profile visits by KMT and PFP party leaders to the PRC, the balance of public opinion appears to be ambiguous, with the Pan-Green Coalition gaining a majority in the <a href="/wiki/2005_ROC_National_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 ROC National Assembly election">2005 National Assembly elections</a>, but the Pan-Blue Coalition scoring a landslide victory in the 2005 municipal elections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Legislative elections were held in Taiwan on <a href="/wiki/2008_Republic_of_China_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Republic of China legislative election">12 January 2008</a>. The results gave the Kuomintang and the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> an absolute majority (86 of the 113 seats) in the Legislative Yuan, handing a heavy defeat to President <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a>'s Democratic Progressive Party, which won the remaining 27 seats. The junior partner in the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Green_Coalition" title="Pan-Green Coalition">Pan-Green Coalition</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Solidarity_Union" title="Taiwan Solidarity Union">Taiwan Solidarity Union</a>, won no seats.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The election for the 12th President of ROC was held on <a href="/wiki/2008_Republic_of_China_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Republic of China presidential election">22 March 2008</a>. Kuomintang candidate Ma Ying-jeou won, with 58% of the vote, ending eight years of Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) leadership. Along with the 2008 legislative election, Ma's landslide victory brought the Kuomintang back to power in Taiwan. This new political situation has led to a decrease of tension between both sides of the Taiwan Strait and the increase of <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">cross-strait relations</a>, making a declaration of independence, or war, something unlikely.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Straits_Exchange_Foundation" title="Straits Exchange Foundation">Straits Exchange Foundation</a> (SEF) and its Chinese counterpart – the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait</a> (ARATS) – signed four agreements in Taipei on 4 November 2008. Both SEF and ARATS have agreed to address direct sea links, daily charter flights, direct postal service, and food safety.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been reported that China has set a 2049 deadline for the unification of Taiwan with Mainland China, which is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party">CCP general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> has been saying that unification was part of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the China's Taiwan Affairs Office stated that they would not allow pro-Taiwan independence people into China, including Hong Kong and Macau, naming Taiwanese Premier <a href="/wiki/Su_Tseng-chang" title="Su Tseng-chang">Su Tseng-chang</a>, Legislative Yuan Speaker <a href="/wiki/You_Si-kun" title="You Si-kun">You Si-kun</a> and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wu" title="Joseph Wu">Joseph Wu</a> as people who are "stubbornly pro-Taiwan independence".<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwanese_public_opinion">Taiwanese public opinion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Taiwanese public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_Taiwanese_identity" title="Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity">Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity</a></div> <p>Public opinion in Taiwan regarding relations with the PRC is notoriously difficult to gauge, as poll results tend to be extremely sensitive to how the questions are phrased and what options are given, and there is a tendency by all political parties to <a href="/wiki/Spin_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (politics)">spin</a> the results to support their point of view.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a November 2005 poll from the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a>, 37.7% of people living in the ROC favor maintaining the status quo until a decision can be made in the future, 18.4% favors maintaining the status quo indefinitely, 14% favors maintaining the status quo until eventual independence, 12% favors maintaining the status quo until eventual unification, 10.3% favors independence as soon as possible, and 2.1% favors unification as soon as possible. According to the same poll, 78.3% are opposed to the "<a href="/wiki/One_Country,_Two_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="One Country, Two Systems">One Country, Two Systems</a>" model, which was used for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, while 10.4% is in favor.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is essential to consider current events or newly developing positions when determining public opinion in order to maintain accuracy and efficiency, especially when it comes to conducting foreign policy and determining Taiwan's political status and hopeful eventual independence. For example, "Large jumps in the proportion of independence supporters after China's missile test in mid-1996 (from 13% in February to 21% in March) and Lee Teng-hui's "special state-to-state" speech in mid-1999 (from 15% in March to 28% in August) suggest that the cross-Strait tension influenced the Taiwanese to become more independence-minded".<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a June 2008 poll from a Taiwanese mainstream media <a href="/wiki/TVBS" title="TVBS">TVBS</a>, 58% of people living in Taiwan favor maintaining the status quo, 19% favors independence, and 8% favors unification. According to the same poll, if status quo is not an option and the ones who were surveyed must choose between "Independence" or "Unification", 65% are in favor of independence while 19% would opt for unification. The same poll also reveals that, in terms of self-identity, when the respondents are not told that a Taiwanese person can also be a Chinese person, 68% of the respondents identify themselves as "Taiwanese" while 18% would call themselves "Chinese". However, when the respondents are told that duo identity is an option, 45% of the respondents identify themselves as "Taiwanese only", 4% of the respondents call themselves "Chinese only" while another 45% of the respondents call themselves "both Taiwanese as well as Chinese". Furthermore, when it comes to preference in which national identity to be used in international organizations, 54% of people in the survey indicated that they prefer "Taiwan", and only 25% of the people voted for "Chinese Taipei".<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to an October 2008 poll from the Mainland Affairs Council, on the question of Taiwan's status, 36.17% of respondents favor maintaining the status quo until a decision can be made in the future, 25.53% favors maintaining the status quo indefinitely, 12.49% favors maintaining the status quo until eventual independence, 4.44% favors maintaining the status quo until eventual unification, 14.80% favors independence as soon as possible, and 1.76% favors unification as soon as possible. In the same poll, on the question of the PRC government's attitude towards the ROC government, 64.85% of the respondents consider the PRC government hostile or very hostile, 24.89% consider the PRC government friendly or very friendly, while 10.27% did not express an opinion. On the question of the PRC government's attitude towards the people in Taiwan, 45.98% of the respondents consider the PRC government hostile or very hostile, 39.6% consider the PRC government friendly or very friendly, while 14.43% did not express an opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2009, Taiwan's (Republic of China) Department of the Interior published a survey examining whether people in Taiwan see themselves as Taiwanese, Chinese, or both. 64.6% see themselves as Taiwanese, 11.5% as Chinese, 18.1% as both, and 5.8% were unsure.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a December 2009 poll from a Taiwanese mainstream media <a href="/wiki/TVBS" title="TVBS">TVBS</a>, if status quo is not an option and the ones who were surveyed must choose between "Independence" or "Unification", 68% are in favor of independence while 13% would opt for unification.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A June 2013 poll conducted by DPP showed that 77.6% consider themselves as Taiwanese.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the independence-unification issue, the survey found that 25.9 percent said they support unification, 59 percent support independence, and 10.3 percent prefer the "status quo." When asked whether Taiwan and China are parts of one country, the party said the survey found 78.4 percent disagree, while 15 percent agreed. As for whether Taiwan and China are two districts in one country, 70.6 percent disagree, while 22.8 percent agree, the survey showed. When asked which among four descriptions—"one country on each side," "a special state-to-state relationship," "one country, two areas," and "two sides are of one country"—they find the most acceptable, 54.9 percent said "one country on each side," 25.3 percent chose "a special state-to-state relationship," 9.8 percent said "one country, two areas", and 2.5 percent favor "two sides are of one country," the survey showed.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A June 2023 poll conducted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Chengchi_University" title="National Chengchi University">National Chengchi University</a> showed 62.8% identified as Taiwanese, 2.5% as Chinese, and 30.5% as both.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding independence, 32.1% indicated status quo forever, 28.6% wanted to decide later, 21.4% said status quo moving toward independence, and 5.8% said status quo moving toward unification.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_operations">Military operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Military operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War#Aftermath" title="Chinese Civil War">Intermittent clashes</a> between the two sides occurred throughout the 1950s and 1960s, including the <a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="First Taiwan Strait crisis">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Taiwan Strait crisis">Second Taiwan Strait crises</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Taiwan_Strait_crisis">Third Taiwan Strait crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Third Taiwan Strait crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ROC_Navy_PFG3-1202_and_S-70C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ROC_Navy_PFG3-1202_and_S-70C.jpg/300px-ROC_Navy_PFG3-1202_and_S-70C.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ROC_Navy_PFG3-1202_and_S-70C.jpg/450px-ROC_Navy_PFG3-1202_and_S-70C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/ROC_Navy_PFG3-1202_and_S-70C.jpg/600px-ROC_Navy_PFG3-1202_and_S-70C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Navy" title="Republic of China Navy">ROCS</a> <a href="/wiki/Kang_Ding-class_frigate" title="Kang Ding-class frigate"><i>Kang Ding</i>-class frigate</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">S-70C</a> helicopter</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1996, the PRC began conducting <a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">military exercises near Taiwan</a>, and launched several <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missiles</a> over the island. The saber-rattling was done in response to the possible re-election of then President Lee Teng-hui.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States, under President Clinton, sent two aircraft carrier battle groups to the region, reportedly sailing them into the Taiwan Strait.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PRC, unable to track the ships' movements, and probably unwilling to escalate the conflict, quickly backed down. The event had little impact on the outcome of the election, since none of Lee's contestants were strong enough to defeat him, but it is widely believed that the PRC's aggressive acts, far from intimidating the Taiwanese population, gave Lee a boost that pushed his share of votes over 50 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an aggressively serious escalation in response to the Taiwan Strait and the ongoing conflict between China and Taiwan. This hostile reaction by mainland China is the result of China implementing Putnam's <a href="/wiki/Two-level_game_theory" title="Two-level game theory">Two-level game theory</a>. This theory suggests that the chief negotiator of a state must balance and abide by both international and domestic interests, and in some cases must focus more on domestic interests. In the case of China, "a serious escalation of tensions in the Taiwan Strait and raised the specter of war—one that could conceivably draw in the United States. This turn of events is either the result of pressure by hawkish, hardline soldiers on moderate, mild-mannered statesmen for a tougher, more aggressive response to Taiwan, or a strong consensus among both civilian and military leaders in the Politburo."<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PRC's_condition_on_future_military_intervention"><span id="PRC.27s_condition_on_future_military_intervention"></span>PRC's condition on future military intervention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: PRC's condition on future military intervention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PRC_threat_of_military_operation_against_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="PRC threat of military operation against Taiwan">PRC threat of military operation against Taiwan</a></div> <p>Notwithstanding, the PRC government has issued triggers for an immediate war with Taiwan, most notably via its controversial <a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China">Anti-Secession Law of 2005</a>. These conditions are: </p> <ul><li>if events occur leading to the <i>"separation"</i> of Taiwan from China <i>in any name</i>, or</li> <li>if a major event occurs which would lead to Taiwan's <i>"separation"</i> from China, or</li> <li>if all possibility of peaceful unification is lost.</li></ul> <p>It has been interpreted<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (August 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> that these criteria encompass the scenario of Taiwan developing nuclear weapons (<i>see main article</i> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Taiwan and weapons of mass destruction">Taiwan and weapons of mass destruction</a> also <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Republic_of_China%27s_nuclear_program" title="Timeline of the Republic of China's nuclear program">Timeline of the Republic of China's nuclear program</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The third condition has especially caused a stir in Taiwan as the term "indefinitely" is open to interpretation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It has also been viewed by some as meaning that preserving the ambiguous status quo is not acceptable to the PRC, although the PRC stated on many occasions that there is no explicit timetable for unification.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Concern over a formal declaration of <i>de jure</i> Taiwan independence is a strong impetus for the military buildup between Taiwan and mainland China. The former US Bush administration publicly declared that given the status quo, it would not aid Taiwan if it were to declare independence unilaterally.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the US Department of Defense report "Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2011", the conditions that mainland China has warned that may cause the use of force have varied. They have included "a formal declaration of Taiwan independence; undefined moves "toward independence"; foreign intervention in Taiwan's internal affairs; indefinite delays in the resumption of cross-Strait dialogue on unification; Taiwan's acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>; and, internal unrest on Taiwan. Article 8 of the March 2005 "Anti-Secession Law" states Beijing would resort to "non-peaceful means" if "secessionist forces . . . cause the fact of Taiwan's secession from China," if "major incidents entailing Taiwan's secession" occur, or if "possibilities for peaceful reunification" are exhausted".<sup id="cite_ref-DOD-china-2011_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOD-china-2011-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Punctuation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style"><span title="Quotation marks may be incomplete, unbalanced or improperly applied.">check quotation syntax</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balance_of_power">Balance of power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Balance of power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The possibility of war, the close geographic proximity of ROC-controlled Taiwan and PRC-controlled mainland China, and the resulting flare-ups that occur every few years, conspire to make this one of the most watched focal points in the Pacific. Both sides have chosen to have a strong naval presence. However, naval strategies between both powers greatly shifted in the 1980s and 1990s, while the ROC assumed a more defensive attitude by building and buying <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a> and missile <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>, and the PRC a more aggressive posture by developing long-range <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> and supersonic <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">surface-to-surface missiles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">People's Liberation Army Air Force</a> is considered large, most of its fleet consists of older generation <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">J-7</a> fighters (localized <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21s</a> and Mig-21BIs),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> raising doubts over the PLAAF's ability to control Taiwan's airspace in the event of a conflict. Since mid-1990s, PRC has been purchasing, and later localizing, <a href="/wiki/SU-27" class="mw-redirect" title="SU-27">SU-27</a> based fighters. These Russian fighters, as well as their Chinese <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-11" title="Shenyang J-11">J11A</a> variants, are currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> over 170 in number, and have increased the effectiveness of PLAAF's <a href="/wiki/Beyond_Visual_Range_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyond Visual Range missile">Beyond Visual Range</a> (BVR) capabilities. The introduction of 60 new-generation <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">J10A</a> fighters is anticipated to increase the PLAAF's firepower. PRC's acquisition of Russian <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30" title="Sukhoi Su-30">Su30MKKs</a> further enhanced the PLAAF's <a href="/wiki/Air-to-ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-to-ground">air-to-ground</a> support ability. In October 2017, Chinese media reported that Chinese stealth aircraft <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-20" title="Chengdu J-20">Chengdu J-20</a> began production, which gave the PLAAF a significant advantage in air superiority over the ROC Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">ROC's air force</a>, on the other hand, relies on Taiwan's fourth generation fighters, consisting of 150 US-built <a href="/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16 Fighting Falcons</a>, approximately 60 French-built <a href="/wiki/Dassault-Breguet_Mirage_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Dassault-Breguet Mirage 2000">Mirage 2000-5s</a>, and approximately 130 locally developed <a href="/wiki/AIDC_Ching-kuo" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDC Ching-kuo">IDFs</a> (Indigenous Defense Fighters). All of these ROC fighter jets are able to conduct <a href="/wiki/BVR" class="mw-redirect" title="BVR">BVR</a> combat missions with BVR missiles, but the level of technology in mainland Chinese fighters is catching up. Also, the United States <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a> has reported that few of Taiwan's 400 total fighters are operationally capable.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the ROC purchased four missile destroyers—the former <a href="/wiki/Kidd-class_destroyer" title="Kidd-class destroyer"><i>Kidd</i> class</a>, and expressed a strong interest in the <a href="/wiki/Arleigh_Burke-class_destroyer" title="Arleigh Burke-class destroyer"><i>Arleigh Burke</i> class</a>. But with the growth of the PRC <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/PLAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="PLAAF">air force</a>, some doubt that the ROC could withstand a determined invasion attempt from mainland China in the future. These concerns have led to a view in certain quarters that Taiwanese independence, if it is to be implemented, should be attempted as early as possible, while the ROC still has the capacity to defend itself in an all-out military conflict. Over the past three decades, estimates of how long the ROC can withstand a full-scale invasion from across the Strait without any outside help have decreased from three months to only six days.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given such estimates, the US Navy has continued practicing "surging" its carrier groups, giving it the experience necessary to respond quickly to an attack on Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US also collects data on the PRC's military deployments, through the use of <a href="/wiki/Spy_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy satellite">spy satellites</a>, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early surveillance may effectively identify PRC's massive military movement, which may imply PRC's preparation for a military assault against Taiwan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Naturally, war contingencies are not being planned in a vacuum. In 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">United States Congress</a> passed the Taiwan Relations Act, a law generally interpreted as mandating U.S. defense of Taiwan in the event of an attack from the Chinese Mainland (the Act is applied to Taiwan and Penghu, but not to Kinmen or Matsu, which are usually considered to be part of mainland China). The United States maintains the world's largest permanent fleet in the Pacific Region near Taiwan. The <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Fleet">Seventh Fleet</a>, operating primarily out of various bases in Japan, is a powerful naval contingent built upon the world's only permanently forward-deployed <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_George_Washington_(CVN-73)" title="USS George Washington (CVN-73)">USS <i>George Washington</i></a>. Although the stated purpose of the fleet is not Taiwanese defense, it can be safely assumed from past actions that it is one of the reasons why the fleet is stationed in those waters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is written into the strategy of the United States department of defense within this region that, "First, we are strengthening our military capacity to ensure the United States can successfully deter conflict and coercion and respond decisively when needed. Second, we are working together with our allies and partners from Northeast Asia to the Indian Ocean to build their capacity to address potential challenges in their waters and across the region. Third, we are leveraging military diplomacy to build greater transparency, reduce the risk of miscalculation or conflict, and promote shared maritime rules of the road."<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 2000, Japan renewed its defense obligations with the US and embarked on a rearmament program, partly in response to fears that Taiwan might be invaded. Some analysts believed that the PRC could launch <a href="/wiki/Preemptive_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Preemptive strike">preemptive strikes</a> on military bases in Japan to deter US and Japanese forces from coming to the ROC's aid. Japanese strategic planners also see an independent Taiwan as vital, not only because the ROC controls valuable shipping routes, but also because its capture by PRC would make Japan more vulnerable. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the US invaded the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, but another viable target to enable direct attacks on Japan would have been Taiwan (then known as Formosa). However, critics of the preemptive strike theory assert that the PRC would be loath to give Japan and the US such an excuse to intervene.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> in a 2011 report stated that the primary mission of the PRC military is a possible military conflict with Taiwan, including also possible US military assistance. Although the risk of a crisis in the short-term is low, in the absence of new political developments, Taiwan will likely dominate future military modernization and planning. However, also other priorities are becoming increasingly prominent and possible due to increasing military resources. Many of mainland China's most advanced military systems are stationed in areas opposite Taiwan. The rapid military modernization is continually changing the military balance of power towards mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2008 report by the <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> analyzing a theoretical 2020 attack by mainland China on Taiwan suggested that the US would likely not be able to defend Taiwan. <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">Cruise missile</a> developments may enable China to partially or completely destroy or make inoperative US <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a> and bases in the Western Pacific. New Chinese radars will likely be able to detect US <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth aircraft</a> and China is acquiring stealthy and more effective aircraft. The reliability of US <a href="/wiki/Beyond-visual-range_missile" title="Beyond-visual-range missile">beyond-visual-range missiles</a> as a mean to achieve air superiority is questionable and largely unproven.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Philip_S._Davidson" title="Philip S. Davidson">Phillip Davidson</a> said in a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing that China could take military action on Taiwan some time in the next 6 years.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A spokesperson for China's foreign ministry later responded stating that Davidson was trying to "hype up China's military threat."<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of <a href="/wiki/US_House_Speaker" class="mw-redirect" title="US House Speaker">US House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Nancy_Pelosi_to_Taiwan" title="2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan">2022 visit to Taiwan</a>, China increased its air and naval crossings of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait#Median_line" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait median line</a>, an unofficial understanding between the two sides when relations are good. In 2024 China moved <a href="/wiki/Airway_(aviation)" title="Airway (aviation)">civil aviation routes</a> closer to the line, which is expected to further “squeeze” the airspace controlled by Taiwan within 12 nautical miles of its coast.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China and weapons of mass destruction">People's Republic of China and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a> of the ROC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> of the PRC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Allies_International_Protection_and_Enhancement_Initiative_Act" title="Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative Act">TAIPEI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Communiqu%C3%A9s" title="Three Communiqués">Three Communiqués</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_state#Taiwan" title="51st state">51st state#Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cross-Strait_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cross-Strait Relations">History of Cross-Strait Relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Established by Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Proclamation and Japanese Instrument of Surrender, according to the PRC's claim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The CCP leadership considered the Taiwanese people ... a distinct "minzu." To be sure, the exact meaning of the term "minzu" ... is subject to debate.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In this sense, peoples whose political links to Chinese culture were severed and, as in Taiwan's case, replaced by an alternative cultural tradition, transmitted through instruction in the Japanese language, ceased to be an integral part of the Chinese nation and emerged as a different "nationality," yet without losing all of their Chinese qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van der Wees references Hsiao and Sullivan as the original source.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">If CCP support for Taiwan's ethnic separateness and political independence was based solely on strategic considerations during a period when all potential allies needed to be drawn into a broad anti-Japanese coalition and under Comintern pressure, then once in power they would naturally assume the role of the protective state and shift to an integrationist policy position.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Was this an off-the-cuff statement by Mao ...? Without supporting documentary evidence we cannot prove conclusively that the CCP supported Taiwan independence in the period between 1928 and 1943 ... the CCP is not legally bound by pronouncements made when out of power and over thirty years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=2&post=1976">"MOFA reaffirms ROC sovereignty over Taiwan, Penghu"</a>. 5 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MOFA+reaffirms+ROC+sovereignty+over+Taiwan%2C+Penghu&rft.date=2011-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwantoday.tw%2Fnews.php%3Funit%3D2%26post%3D1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">HC Deb</a> 26 July 1950 vol 478 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1950/jul/26/formosa#S5CV0478P0_19500726_CWA_26">c60W</a>. "Formosa is still de jure Japanese territory and there is no Government of Formosa as such. Following on the surrender of Japan, the Chinese Government of the day assumed, with the consent of the remaining Allies, the provisional administration of the territory pending the final determination of its status at a peace settlement."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan_Cheung2021" class="citation news cs1">Han Cheung (25 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/04/25/2003756299">"Taiwan in Time: The 'communist rebellion' finally ends"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022130449/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/04/25/2003756299">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2022</span>. <q>...Most importantly, with the repeal of the temporary provisions, the Chinese Communist Party would no longer be seen as a rebel group. "From now on, we will see the Chinese Communist Party as a political entity that controls the mainland region and we will call them the 'mainland authorities' or the 'Chinese Communist authorities'," President Lee said during the press conference</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+in+Time%3A+The+%27communist+rebellion%27+finally+ends&rft.date=2021-04-25&rft.au=Han+Cheung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2021%2F04%2F25%2F2003756299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabry2024" class="citation journal cs1">Fabry, Mikulas (2 January 2024). "The Effect of 'One China' Policies of Foreign States on the International Status of Taiwan". <i>Diplomacy & Statecraft</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 90–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09592296.2024.2303855">10.1080/09592296.2024.2303855</a>. <q>In contrast, the 2005 law designed to forestall Taiwanese 'secession' ... left out the third part. This formulation, reiterated in the 2022 PRC white paper on Taiwan ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomacy+%26+Statecraft&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+%E2%80%99One+China%E2%80%99+Policies+of+Foreign+States+on+the+International+Status+of+Taiwan&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=90-115&rft.date=2024-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09592296.2024.2303855&rft.aulast=Fabry&rft.aufirst=Mikulas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/FP_20190226_taiwan_bush_hass.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124155534/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/FP_20190226_taiwan_bush_hass.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F12%2FFP_20190226_taiwan_bush_hass.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-anniversary-president-idUSKBN1WP0A4">"Taiwan leader rejects China's 'one country, two systems' offer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 10 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231006041300/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-anniversary-president-idUSKBN1WP0A4">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Taiwan+leader+rejects+China%27s+%27one+country%2C+two+systems%27+offer&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-taiwan-anniversary-president-idUSKBN1WP0A4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFell2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Fell" title="Dafydd Fell">Fell, Dafydd</a> (2006). <i>Party Politics in Taiwan</i>. Routledge. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-24021-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-24021-0"><bdi>978-1-134-24021-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Politics+in+Taiwan&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-134-24021-0&rft.aulast=Fell&rft.aufirst=Dafydd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchenWang2017" class="citation book cs1">Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (2017). "The Taiwan Voter: An Introduction". In Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (eds.). <i>The Taiwan Voter</i>. University of Michigan Press. pp. 1–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fmpub.9375036">10.3998/mpub.9375036</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-07353-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-07353-5"><bdi>978-0-472-07353-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Taiwan+Voter%3A+An+Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Taiwan+Voter&rft.pages=1-25&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3998%2Fmpub.9375036&rft.isbn=978-0-472-07353-5&rft.aulast=Achen&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&rft.au=Wang%2C+T.+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span> pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChong2023" class="citation web cs1">Chong, Ja Ian (9 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/02/09/many-one-chinas-multiple-approaches-to-taiwan-and-china-pub-89003">"The Many "One Chinas": Multiple Approaches to Taiwan and China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503074117/https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/02/09/many-one-chinas-multiple-approaches-to-taiwan-and-china-pub-89003">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=The+Many+%22One+Chinas%22%3A+Multiple+Approaches+to+Taiwan+and+China&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft.aulast=Chong&rft.aufirst=Ja+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2023%2F02%2F09%2Fmany-one-chinas-multiple-approaches-to-taiwan-and-china-pub-89003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp198010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp198010_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnapp1980">Knapp 1980</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsieh2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hsieh, Pasha L. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23773999">"The Taiwan Question and the One-China Policy: Legal Challenges with Renewed Momentum"</a>. <i>Die Friedens-Warte</i>. <b>84</b> (3): 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0340-0255">0340-0255</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23773999">23773999</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620175825/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23773999">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Friedens-Warte&rft.atitle=The+Taiwan+Question+and+the+One-China+Policy%3A+Legal+Challenges+with+Renewed+Momentum&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=60-61&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23773999%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0340-0255&rft.aulast=Hsieh&rft.aufirst=Pasha+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23773999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamaraniDe_Giorgi2016" class="citation web cs1">Samarani, Guido; De Giorgi, Laura (28 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199920082/obo-9780199920082-0138.xml">"Guomindang (1912–1949)"</a>. <i>Chinese Studies</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199920082-0138">10.1093/obo/9780199920082-0138</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992008-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992008-2"><bdi>978-0-19-992008-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Studies&rft.atitle=Guomindang+%281912%E2%80%931949%29&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199920082-0138&rft.isbn=978-0-19-992008-2&rft.aulast=Samarani&rft.aufirst=Guido&rft.au=De+Giorgi%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdisplay%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780199920082%2Fobo-9780199920082-0138.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Wees2022" class="citation web cs1">van der Wees, Gerrit (3 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/when-the-ccp-thought-taiwan-should-be-independent/">"When the CCP Thought Taiwan Should Be Independent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108053621/https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/when-the-ccp-thought-taiwan-should-be-independent/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=When+the+CCP+Thought+Taiwan+Should+Be+Independent&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.aulast=van+der+Wees&rft.aufirst=Gerrit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2022%2F05%2Fwhen-the-ccp-thought-taiwan-should-be-independent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsiaoSullivan1979" class="citation journal cs1">Hsiao, Frank S. T.; Sullivan, Lawrence R. (1979). "The Chinese Communist Party and the Status of Taiwan, 1928-1943". <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Affairs" title="Pacific Affairs">Pacific Affairs</a></i>. <b>52</b> (3): 446. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2757657">10.2307/2757657</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2757657">2757657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Chinese+Communist+Party+and+the+Status+of+Taiwan%2C+1928-1943&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=446&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2757657&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2757657%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=Frank+S.+T.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Lawrence+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Taiwan">"Taiwan | History, Flag, Map, Capital, Population, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. 14 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+%26%23124%3B+History%2C+Flag%2C+Map%2C+Capital%2C+Population%2C+%26+Facts+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft.date=2024-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fhistory-of-Taiwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henckaerts1996c-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996c_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996c_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenckaerts1996" class="citation book cs1">Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&q=cairo+declaration&pg=PA7"><i>The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations</i></a>. Kluwer Law International. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3"><bdi>90-411-0929-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412011937/https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&q=cairo+declaration&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>p4. "On October 25, 1945, the government of the Republic of China took over Taiwan and the P'eng-hu Islands from the Japanese and on the next day announced that Taiwan had become a province of China."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+international+status+of+Taiwan+in+the+new+world+order%3A+legal+and+political+considerations&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-411-0929-3&rft.aulast=Henckaerts&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_9kuVIayxDoC%26q%3Dcairo%2Bdeclaration%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChin2022" class="citation news cs1">Chin, Josh (23 May 2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-taiwan-relations-tensions-explained-11653322751">"China and Taiwan Relations Explained: What's Behind the Divide"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230915070317/https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-taiwan-relations-tensions-explained-11653322751">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=China+and+Taiwan+Relations+Explained%3A+What%27s+Behind+the+Divide&rft.date=2022-05-23&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fchina-taiwan-relations-tensions-explained-11653322751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulsara1995" class="citation journal cs1">Bulsara, Sanket (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42761198">"Out in the Cold: The Politics of Taiwan's Exclusion from the UN"</a>. <i>Harvard International Review</i>. <b>17</b> (3): 52–84. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0739-1854">0739-1854</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42761198">42761198</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620161151/https://www.jstor.org/stable/42761198">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+International+Review&rft.atitle=Out+in+the+Cold%3A+The+Politics+of+Taiwan%27s+Exclusion+from+the+UN&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=52-84&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42761198%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0739-1854&rft.aulast=Bulsara&rft.aufirst=Sanket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42761198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1996" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Tzu-wen (1996). "The International Legal Status of the Republic of China on Taiwan". <i>UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 351–392. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45302055">45302055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Journal+of+International+Law+and+Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+International+Legal+Status+of+the+Republic+of+China+on+Taiwan&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=351-392&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45302055%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Tzu-wen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrun2017" class="citation web cs1">Drun, Jessica (28 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccpwatch.org/single-post/2017/12/29/one-china-multiple-interpretations">"One China, Multiple Interpretations"</a>. <i>Center for Advanced China Research</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200309224301/https://www.ccpwatch.org/single-post/2017/12/29/One-China-Multiple-Interpretations">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Advanced+China+Research&rft.atitle=One+China%2C+Multiple+Interpretations&rft.date=2017-12-28&rft.aulast=Drun&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccpwatch.org%2Fsingle-post%2F2017%2F12%2F29%2Fone-china-multiple-interpretations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansard-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hansard_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1955/may/04/far-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores">"Far East (Formosa and the Pescadores)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>, 4 May 1955, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018112311/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1955/may/04/far-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores">archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.atitle=Far+East+%28Formosa+and+the+Pescadores%29&rft.date=1955-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1955%2Fmay%2F04%2Ffar-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">”<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.mofa.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=1329&s=32322">Ministry of Foreign Affairs clarifies legally binding status of Cairo Declaration</a>” (January 21, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unhcr.org-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unhcr.org_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unhcr.org_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144641/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,TWN,,4954ce6323,0.html">"UNHCR | Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Taiwan: Overview"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,TWN,,4954ce6323,0.html">the original</a> on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNHCR+%26%23124%3B+Refworld+%26%23124%3B+World+Directory+of+Minorities+and+Indigenous+Peoples+-+Taiwan%3A+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%2C%2C%2C%2CTWN%2C%2C4954ce6323%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span> UNHCR</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lowther_William-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lowther_William_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowther2013" class="citation news cs1">Lowther, William (9 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/06/09/2003564336">"CIA report shows Taiwan concerns"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130713061649/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/06/09/2003564336">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2015</span>. <q>[Quoting from a declassified CIA report on Taiwan written in March 1949] From the legal standpoint, Taiwan is not part of the Republic of China. Pending a Japanese peace treaty, the island remains occupied territory in which the US has proprietary interests.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=CIA+report+shows+Taiwan+concerns&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft.aulast=Lowther&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2013%2F06%2F09%2F2003564336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsai2009173-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsai2009173_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsai2009">Tsai 2009</a>, p. 173.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFTsai2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henckaerts1996-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiu1996" class="citation book cs1">Chiu, H. (1996). "The International Legal Status of Taiwan". In Henckaerts, J. (ed.). <i>The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations</i>. Kluwer Law International. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789041109293" title="Special:BookSources/9789041109293"><bdi>9789041109293</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38016893">38016893</a>. <q>In any case, there appears to be strong legal ground to support the view that since the entry into force of the 1952 ROC-Japan bilateral peace treaty, Taiwan has become the <i>de jure</i> territory of the ROC. This interpretation of the legal status of Taiwan is confirmed by several Japanese court decisions. For instance, in the case of <i>Japan v. Lai Chin Jung</i>, decided by the Tokyo High Court on December 24, 1956, it was stated that 'Formosa and the Pescadores came to belong to the Republic of China, at any rate on August 5, 1952, when the [Peace] Treaty between Japan and the Republic of China came into force...'...the principles of prescription and occupation that may justify the ROC's claim to Taiwan certainly are not applicable to the PRC because the application of these two principles to the Taiwan situation presupposes the validity of the two peace treaties by which Japan renounce its claim to Taiwan and thus makes the island <i>terra nullius</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+International+Legal+Status+of+Taiwan&rft.btitle=The+international+status+of+Taiwan+in+the+new+world+order%3A+legal+and+political+considerations&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38016893&rft.isbn=9789041109293&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIA1949" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> (14 March 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000258551.pdf">"Probable Developments in Taiwan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 1–3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222073143/http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000258551.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>From the legal standpoint, Taiwan is not part of the Republic of China. Pending a Japanese peace treaty, the island remains occupied territory......neither the US, or any other power, has formally recognized the annexation by China of Taiwan......</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Probable+Developments+in+Taiwan&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=1949-03-14&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foia.cia.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocument_conversions%2F89801%2FDOC_0000258551.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/038/0082/03802020082002a.html">衆議院会議録情報第038回国会外務委員会第2号</a>. 2 February 1961. p. 23.</span></span> (in Japanese) <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">"従って日華条約によりまして日本が台湾及び澎湖島を中華民国に帰属せしめたという意思表示はしていないのでございます。"</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/046/0514/04602290514017a.html">衆議院会議録情報第046回国会予算委員会第17号</a>. 2 February 1964. p. 24.</span></span> (in Japanese) <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">"日華条約におきましても、これを、サンフランシスコできめた、日本が放棄したということに反するようなことはできないのであります。"</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/046/0082/04602060082001a.html">衆議院会議録情報第046回国会外務委員会第1号</a>. 6 February 1964. p. 11.</span></span> (in Japanese) <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">"台湾の帰属の問題につきましては、御指摘のように、カイロ宣言では、中華民国に返させるというカイロ宣言の当事国の意思の表明がありました。これはポツダム宣言で確認されておりますが、最終的な領有権の問題については、日本の平和条約で、日本から放棄されるだけであって、将来の連合国間の決定にまかされておるというのが連合国の見解でございます。"</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_I._Charney_and_J._R._V._Prescott" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan I. Charney and J. R. V. Prescott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwanbasic.com/lawjrn/res-cs2.htm">"Resolving Cross-Strait Relations Between China and Taiwan"</a>. American Journal of International Law, July 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183143/http://www.taiwanbasic.com/lawjrn/res-cs2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolving+Cross-Strait+Relations+Between+China+and+Taiwan&rft.pub=American+Journal+of+International+Law%2C+July+2000&rft.au=Jonathan+I.+Charney+and+J.+R.+V.+Prescott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanbasic.com%2Flawjrn%2Fres-cs2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil-taiwan.org/japansurr.htm">"The Japanese Act of Surrender"</a>. Taiwan Documents Project. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602111836/https://civil-taiwan.org/japansurr.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Act+of+Surrender&rft.pub=Taiwan+Documents+Project&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civil-taiwan.org%2Fjapansurr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwanbasic.com/hansard/uk/uk1955as.htm"><i>UK Parliament</i></a>, 4 May 1955, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183000/http://www.taiwanbasic.com/hansard/uk/uk1955as.htm">archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UK+Parliament&rft.date=1955-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanbasic.com%2Fhansard%2Fuk%2Fuk1955as.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwanbasic.com/hansard/uk/uk1955aq.htm"><i>There was no transfer of the sovereignty of Taiwan to China in 1945.</i></a>, 7 February 1955, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123011308/https://www.taiwanbasic.com/hansard/uk/uk1955aq.htm">archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=There+was+no+transfer+of+the+sovereignty+of+Taiwan+to+China+in+1945.&rft.date=1955-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanbasic.com%2Fhansard%2Fuk%2Fuk1955aq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton1955" class="citation news cs1">Middleton, Drew (2 February 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/02/02/archives/cairo-formosa-declaration-out-of-date-says-churchill-churchill.html">"Cairo Formosa Declaration Out of Date, Says Churchill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220317183839/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/02/02/archives/cairo-formosa-declaration-out-of-date-says-churchill-churchill.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cairo+Formosa+Declaration+Out+of+Date%2C+Says+Churchill&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1955-02-02&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F02%2F02%2Farchives%2Fcairo-formosa-declaration-out-of-date-says-churchill-churchill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henckaerts1996b-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996b_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenckaerts1996" class="citation book cs1">Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&q=effectively+controls&pg=PA7"><i>The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations</i></a>. Kluwer Law International. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3"><bdi>90-411-0929-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502062904/https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&q=effectively+controls&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>p5. "The United States position on the status of Taiwan is, as stated by the late Secretary of State Dulles in a press conference held on December 1, 1954, "that technical sovereignty over Formosa [Taiwan] and the Pescadores has never been settled" and that "the future title is not determined by the Japanese peace treaty, nor is it determined by the peace treaty which was concluded between the Republic of China and Japan. On the other hand, the United States also recognizes that the Republic of China "effectively controls" Taiwan and the Pescadores."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+international+status+of+Taiwan+in+the+new+world+order%3A+legal+and+political+considerations&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-411-0929-3&rft.aulast=Henckaerts&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_9kuVIayxDoC%26q%3Deffectively%2Bcontrols%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_State1954" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State">Department of State</a> (13 December 1954). "News Conference Statements: Purpose of treaty with Republic of China". <i>Department of State Bulletin</i>. Vol. XXXI, no. 807. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/departmentofstat311954unit_0#page/896/mode/2up">896</a>. <q>The legal position is different, as I think I pointed out in my last press conference, by virtue of the fact that technical sovereignty over Formosa and the Pescadores has never been settled. That is because the Japanese peace treaty merely involves a renunciation by Japan of its right and title to these island. But the future title is not determined by the Japanese peace treaty, nor is it determined by the peace treaty which was concluded between the Republic of China and Japan. Therefore, the juridical status of these islands, Formosa and the Pescadores, is different from the juridical status of the offshore islands which have always been Chinese territory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Department+of+State+Bulletin&rft.atitle=News+Conference+Statements%3A+Purpose+of+treaty+with+Republic+of+China&rft.volume=XXXI&rft.issue=807&rft.pages=896&rft.date=1954-12-13&rft.au=Department+of+State&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/280/663/263772/">"William P. Rogers, Attorney General of the United States, Appellant v. Cheng Fu Sheng and Lin Fu Mei, Appellees, 280 F.2d 663 (D.C. Cir. 1960)"</a>. 1960. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930073520/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/280/663/263772/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>But in the view of our State Department, no agreement has 'purported to transfer the sovereignty of Formosa to (the Republic of) China.' At the present time, we accept the exercise of Chinese authority over Formosa, and recognize the Government of the Republic of China (the Nationalist Government) as the legal Government of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+P.+Rogers%2C+Attorney+General+of+the+United+States%2C+Appellant+v.+Cheng+Fu+Sheng+and+Lin+Fu+Mei%2C+Appellees%2C+280+F.2d+663+%28D.C.+Cir.+1960%29&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fappellate-courts%2FF2%2F280%2F663%2F263772%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StateDept-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StateDept_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StateDept_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurer, Ely. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WnM1Eaj_aQAC&pg=PA1005">Legal Problems Regarding Formosa and the Offshore Islands</a>", <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_State_Bulletin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of State Bulletin (page does not exist)">Department of State Bulletin</a></i>, Vol. 39, pp. 1005-1011 (December 22, 1958)(transcript of speech on November 20, 1958)("Neither this agreement [of April 28, 1952] nor any other agreement thereafter has purported to transfer the sovereignty of Formosa to [the Republic of] China....The situation is, then, one where the Allied Powers still have to come to some agreement or treaty with respect to the status of Formosa. Any action, therefore, of the Chinese Communist regime to seize Formosa constitutes an attempt to seize by force territory which does not belong to it.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henckaerts_undecided_view-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts_undecided_view_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenckaerts1996" class="citation book cs1">Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&dq=A+minor+issue+pertains+to+whether+the+ROC+controls+Taiwan&pg=PA95"><i>The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations</i></a>. Kluwer Law International. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3"><bdi>90-411-0929-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230504173831/https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&dq=A+minor+issue+pertains+to+whether+the+ROC+controls+Taiwan&pg=PA95">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>p95. "A minor issue pertains to whether the ROC controls Taiwan. A minority of scholars of scholars and politicians argue that the international status of Taiwan remains <i>undecided</i>... That Taiwan's status is still undetermined is a peculiar argument to forestall PRC's claim over Taiwan. However, it is also an insignificant one, since the ROC can still ascertain its control over Taiwan through the principle of effective control and occupation (for a long period of time)."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+international+status+of+Taiwan+in+the+new+world+order%3A+legal+and+political+considerations&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-411-0929-3&rft.aulast=Henckaerts&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_9kuVIayxDoC%26dq%3DA%2Bminor%2Bissue%2Bpertains%2Bto%2Bwhether%2Bthe%2BROC%2Bcontrols%2BTaiwan%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen,_Robert_Lih-torng2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chen, Robert Lih-torng (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130835/http://tunghai.lawbank.com.tw/22/01.pdf">"琉球群島主權歸屬－歷史角度與國際法"</a> [The Legal Status of the Okinawa Islands Under the Historical Stand and International Law] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tunghai University Law Review</i> (in Chinese). <b>22</b>. College of Law, <a href="/wiki/Tunghai_University" title="Tunghai University">Tunghai University</a>: 17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tunghai.lawbank.com.tw/22/01.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>按「征服」、戰後佔領原則或 Uti Possidetis 法則均為古典國際法承認的領土移轉方式，但晚近已不再承認上述方式係取得領土主權的合法方式，或對其取得主權的法律效力有爭論、疑慮。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tunghai+University+Law+Review&rft.atitle=%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E6%AD%B8%E5%B1%AC%EF%BC%8D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%E8%88%87%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2005-05&rft.au=Chen%2C+Robert+Lih-torng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftunghai.lawbank.com.tw%2F22%2F01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJian-De_Shen2004" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%B7" class="extiw" title="zh:沈建德">Jian-De Shen</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Chinese]</span> (23 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwantt.org.tw/books/cryingtaiwan8/200411/20041123.htm">"Untitled Document" <bdi lang="zh">馬英九愛中國不惜斷送台灣</bdi></a> [Ma Ying-Jeou Loves China and Would Surrender Taiwan at Any Cost]. <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Daily" title="Taiwan Daily">Taiwan Daily</a></i> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402190150/http://taiwantt.org.tw/books/cryingtaiwan8/200411/20041123.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">馬英九所言「保持佔有」的定義是，戰後征服領土之割讓，雖未成為和平條約的條件之一(如舊金山和約的放棄台灣)，在法律上，即可因其被戰勝國持有、占據而被併吞。但二次大戰的戰勝國是同盟國全體，不是單指中國……中華民國對台「保持佔有」不成立。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+Daily&rft.atitle=Untitled+Document+%E9%A6%AC%E8%8B%B1%E4%B9%9D%E6%84%9B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B+%E4%B8%8D%E6%83%9C%E6%96%B7%E9%80%81%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3&rft.date=2004-11-23&rft.au=Jian-De+Shen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaiwantt.org.tw%2Fbooks%2Fcryingtaiwan8%2F200411%2F20041123.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirley_A._KanWayne_M._Morrison2014" class="citation web cs1">Shirley A. Kan; Wayne M. Morrison (11 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41952.pdf">"U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150628191112/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41952.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>The United States has its own "one China" policy (vs. the PRC's "one China" principle) and position on Taiwan's status. Not recognizing the PRC's claim over Taiwan nor Taiwan as a sovereign state, U.S. policy has considered Taiwan's status as unsettled.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.-Taiwan+Relationship%3A+Overview+of+Policy+Issues&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2014-12-11&rft.au=Shirley+A.+Kan&rft.au=Wayne+M.+Morrison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FR41952.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-日本外交界常識-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-日本外交界常識_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF曾韋禎2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">曾韋禎 (3 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/300420"><bdi lang="zh">台灣主權未定論許世楷：日本外交界常識</bdi></a> [<a href="/wiki/Koh_Se-kai" title="Koh Se-kai">Koh Se-kai</a>: Theory of the Undetermined Sovereignty of Taiwan Is a General Knowledge in the Japanese Diplomatic Circle]. <i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Times" title="Liberty Times">Liberty Times</a></i> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403133556/http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/300420">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liberty+Times&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E+%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85%EF%BC%9A%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%A2%AB%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%9870%E5%B9%B4&rft.date=2015-10-24&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E8%89%AF%E6%98%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ltn.com.tw%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbreakingnews%2F1485820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT033047-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT033047_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurdin1947" class="citation news cs1">Durdin, Tillman (30 March 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10F1EF63B5F1A7A93C2AA1788D85F438485F9">"FORMOSANS' PLEA FOR RED AID SEEN; Harsh Repression of Revolt Is Expected to Increase Efforts to Escape Rule by China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930071826/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10F1EF63B5F1A7A93C2AA1788D85F438485F9">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Formosans+Ask+Treaty+Role&rft.date=1947-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF5061FFF395E17738DDDAC0894D8415B8788F1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/departmentofstat2250unit#page/78/mode/2up">"United States Policy Toward Formosa"</a>. Statement by President Truman (Report). Department of State Bulletin. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2011</span>. <q>The Japanese peace treaty of 1951 ended Japanese sovereignty over the islands but did not formally cede them to "China," either Communist or Nationalist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mandate+for+Change+1953%E2%80%931956&rft.pages=461&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Co.%2C+New+York&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2551357&rft.aulast=Eisenhower&rft.aufirst=Dwight+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanbasic.com%2Fnstatus%2Feisenhower.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taipeitimes20070930-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taipeitimes20070930_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Tkacik2007" class="citation cs2">John Tkacik (30 September 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2007/09/30/2003381074"><i>John Tkacik on Taiwan: Taiwan's status remains 'unsettled'<span></span></i></a>, Taipei Times, p. 8, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918112346/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2007/09/30/2003381074">archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Tkacik+on+Taiwan%3A+Taiwan%27s+status+remains+%27unsettled%27&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Taipei+Times&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft.au=John+Tkacik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Feditorials%2Farchives%2F2007%2F09%2F30%2F2003381074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prc_wp-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prc_wp_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prc_wp_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213045631/http://www.gwytb.gov.cn:8088/detail.asp?table=WhitePaper&title=White+Papers+On+Taiwan+Issue&m_id=4">"The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue"</a>. <i>PRC Taiwan Affairs Office and the Information Office of the State Council</i>. 2005. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRC+Taiwan+Affairs+Office+and+the+Information+Office+of+the+State+Council&rft.atitle=The+One-China+Principle+and+the+Taiwan+Issue&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwytb.gov.cn%3A8088%2Fdetail.asp%3Ftable%3DWhitePaper%26title%3DWhite%2520Papers%2520On%2520Taiwan%2520Issue%26m_id%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012061448/http://www.gwytb.gov.cn:8088/detail.asp?table=OneCP&title=One-China+Principle&m_id=27">"Four-point guidelines on cross-Straits relations set forth by President Hu"</a>. <i>PRC Taiwan Affairs Office and the Information Office of the State Council</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRC+Taiwan+Affairs+Office+and+the+Information+Office+of+the+State+Council&rft.atitle=Four-point+guidelines+on+cross-Straits+relations+set+forth+by+President+Hu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwytb.gov.cn%3A8088%2Fdetail.asp%3Ftable%3DOneCP%26title%3DOne-China%2BPrinciple%26m_id%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/text_blocks/28904">"Montevideo Convention of 1933 & UN Articles on Responsibility of States (2001)"</a>. <i>H2O platform</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194735/https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/text_blocks/28904">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Krasner</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISqwQIBQff4C"><i>Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231121792" title="Special:BookSources/0231121792"><bdi>0231121792</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411110842/https://books.google.com/books?id=ISqwQIBQff4C">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problematic+Sovereignty%3A+Contested+Rules+and+Political+Possibilities&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0231121792&rft.au=Stephen+D.+Krasner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISqwQIBQff4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdaily041010-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pdaily041010_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200410/10/eng20041010_159539.html">"China expresses strong indignation for "US-Taiwan defense conference": FM spokesman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>. 10 October 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060627143113/http://english.people.com.cn/200410/10/eng20041010_159539.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=China+expresses+strong+indignation+for+%22US-Taiwan+defense+conference%22%3A+FM+spokesman&rft.date=2004-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2F200410%2F10%2Feng20041010_159539.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_D._Krasner2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Krasner" title="Stephen D. Krasner">Stephen D. Krasner</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISqwQIBQff4C"><i>Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISqwQIBQff4C&pg=PA46">46</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231121792" title="Special:BookSources/0231121792"><bdi>0231121792</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411110842/https://books.google.com/books?id=ISqwQIBQff4C">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problematic+Sovereignty%3A+Contested+Rules+and+Political+Possibilities&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0231121792&rft.au=Stephen+D.+Krasner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISqwQIBQff4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mac-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mac_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mac_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mac_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215122022/http://www.mac.gov.tw/english/english/anti/mofa940329e.htm">"The Official Position of the Republic of China (Taiwan) on China's Passing of the Anti-secession (Anti-Separation) Law"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taiwan+assembly+passes+changes&rft.date=2005-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F4616043.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2states_1-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2states_1_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunnag1999" class="citation news cs1">Bunnag, Sanya (20 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/399381.stm">"Understanding Taiwan's tactics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040521081721/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/399381.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Understanding+Taiwan%27s+tactics&rft.date=1999-07-20&rft.aulast=Bunnag&rft.aufirst=Sanya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F399381.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000vote-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000vote_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillem_van_Kemenade2000" class="citation journal cs1">Willem van Kemenade (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/washington_quarterly/v023/23.2kemenade.html">"Taiwan, Voting for Trouble?"</a>. <i>The Washington Quarterly</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 135–151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2F016366000560809">10.1162/016366000560809</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219627253">219627253</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411110902/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/36529">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing+media+ups+the+ante&rft.date=1999-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmonitoring%2F399350.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinapost.com.tw-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chinapost.com.tw_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm">"Taiwan and China in 'special relations': Ma"</a>. <i>The China Post</i>. 4 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906092524/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+China+Post&rft.atitle=Taiwan+and+China+in+%27special+relations%27%3A+Ma&rft.date=2008-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinapost.com.tw%2Ftaiwan%2Fchina-taiwan%2520relations%2F2008%2F09%2F04%2F173082%2FTaiwan-and.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taipeitimes.com-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taipeitimes.com_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKo2008" class="citation news cs1">Ko, Shu-Ling (8 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320">"Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603213128/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Malawi+Drops+Ties+With+Taiwan+for+China&rft.date=2008-01-14&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Debby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F01%2F14%2FAR2008011400533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131115170346/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/gambia-breaks-relations-with-taiwan-in-diplomatic-setback-for-taipei/2013/11/14/c49436f4-4d94-11e3-97f6-ed8e3053083b_story.html">"Gambia breaks relations with surprised Taiwan; China says it wasn't in contact with government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. 14 November 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/gambia-breaks-relations-with-taiwan-in-diplomatic-setback-for-taipei/2013/11/14/c49436f4-4d94-11e3-97f6-ed8e3053083b_story.html">the original</a> on 15 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gambia+breaks+relations+with+surprised+Taiwan%3B+China+says+it+wasn%27t+in+contact+with+government&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fasia_pacific%2Fgambia-breaks-relations-with-taiwan-in-diplomatic-setback-for-taipei%2F2013%2F11%2F14%2Fc49436f4-4d94-11e3-97f6-ed8e3053083b_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/19/world/asia/china-gambia-taiwan-diplomatic-relations.html">"China Resumes Diplomatic Relations With Gambia, Shutting Out Taiwan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 18 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406224902/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/19/world/asia/china-gambia-taiwan-diplomatic-relations.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China+Resumes+Diplomatic+Relations+With+Gambia%2C+Shutting+Out+Taiwan&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F19%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-gambia-taiwan-diplomatic-relations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/taiwan-loses-second-ally-in-a-month-amid-china-pressure-10274736">"Taiwan loses second ally in a month amid China pressure"</a>. <i>Channel NewsAsia</i>. 24 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190217034036/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/taiwan-loses-second-ally-in-a-month-amid-china-pressure-10274736">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=Taiwan+loses+second+ally+in+a+month+amid+China+pressure&rft.date=2018-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Ftaiwan-loses-second-ally-in-a-month-amid-china-pressure-10274736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton2018" class="citation news cs1">Horton, Chris (21 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/world/asia/taiwan-el-salvador-diplomatic-ties.html">"El Salvador Recognizes China in Blow to Taiwan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311143610/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/world/asia/taiwan-el-salvador-diplomatic-ties.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+Recognizes+China+in+Blow+to+Taiwan&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F08%2F21%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Ftaiwan-el-salvador-diplomatic-ties.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2019" class="citation web cs1">Lyons, Kate (20 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/20/taiwan-loses-second-ally-in-a-week-as-kiribati-switches-to-china">"Taiwan loses second ally in a week as Kiribati switches to China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200830155148/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/20/taiwan-loses-second-ally-in-a-week-as-kiribati-switches-to-china">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Taiwan+loses+second+ally+in+a+week+as+Kiribati+switches+to+China&rft.date=2019-09-20&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fsep%2F20%2Ftaiwan-loses-second-ally-in-a-week-as-kiribati-switches-to-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKawsachunNews2021" class="citation web cs1">@KawsachunNews (9 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/KawsachunNews/status/1469073070048563202">"BREAKING: Nicaragua breaks diplomatic relations with Taiwan and recognizes only one China: the People's Republic of China"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BREAKING%3A+Nicaragua+breaks+diplomatic+relations+with+Taiwan+and+recognizes+only+one+China%3A+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft.au=KawsachunNews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FKawsachunNews%2Fstatus%2F1469073070048563202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/26/honduras-cuts-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan">"Honduras cuts ties with Taiwan, opens relations with China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al Jazeera</a></i>. 26 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326022309/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/26/honduras-cuts-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Honduras+cuts+ties+with+Taiwan%2C+opens+relations+with+China&rft.date=2023-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F3%2F26%2Fhonduras-cuts-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidsonHawkins2024" class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Helen; Hawkins, Amy (15 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/15/nauru-to-sever-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan-in-favour-of-china">"Nauru to sever diplomatic ties with Taiwan in favour of China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nauru+to+sever+diplomatic+ties+with+Taiwan+in+favour+of+China&rft.date=2024-01-15&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fjan%2F15%2Fnauru-to-sever-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan-in-favour-of-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Ma&Kang-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Ma&Kang_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Ma&Kang_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaKang2024" class="citation book cs1">Ma, Xinru; Kang, David C. 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Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060630173746/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/i_latestdetail.asp?id=38428">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taiwan+fails+in+10th+bid+for+WHO+observer+status&rft.date=2006-05-23&rft.aulast=Klapper&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinapost.com.tw%2Fi_latestdetail.asp%3Fid%3D38428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeh2002" class="citation news cs1">Yeh, Lindy (12 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2002/07/12/147941">"Taiwan's Lions Club gets another temporary name"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a></i>. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060823223211/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2002/07/12/147941">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan%27s+Lions+Club+gets+another+temporary+name&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2002-07-12&rft.aulast=Yeh&rft.aufirst=Lindy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2002%2F07%2F12%2F147941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx">"Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Relaciones+Diplom%C3%A1ticas+de+Guatemala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minex.gob.gt%2FDirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php">"Diplomatic relations of the Holy See"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=China%3A+US+admiral+trying+to+%27hype+up%27+threat+to+Taiwan&rft.date=2021-03-10&rft.aulast=Bowden&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Finternational%2Fchina%2F542537-china-us-admiral-trying-to-hype-up-taiwan-invasion-threat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/what-is-the-median-line-between-china-and-taiwan/5637905.html">"What is the Median Line Between China and Taiwan?"</a>. 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Median+Line+Between+China+and+Taiwan%3F&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearningenglish.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fwhat-is-the-median-line-between-china-and-taiwan%2F5637905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3250431/beijings-changes-civil-flight-path-near-taiwan-strait-median-line-likely-squeeze-islands-air-defence">"Beijing's changes to cross-strait flight path will 'squeeze' Taiwan air defence"</a>. 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing%27s+changes+to+cross-strait+flight+path+will+%27squeeze%27+Taiwan+air+defence&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3250431%2Fbeijings-changes-civil-flight-path-near-taiwan-strait-median-line-likely-squeeze-islands-air-defence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Political status of Taiwan</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Political+status+of+Taiwan">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Political+status+of+Taiwan&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/US-PRC_Joint_Communique" class="extiw" title="wikisource:US-PRC Joint Communique">US-PRC Joint Communique</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Bush, R. & O'Hanlon, M. (2007). <i>A War Like No Other: The Truth About China's Challenge to America</i>. Wiley. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780471986775" title="Special:BookSources/9780471986775">9780471986775</a></li> <li>Bush, R. (2006). <i>Untying the Knot: Making Peace in the Taiwan Strait</i>. Brookings Institution Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815712909" title="Special:BookSources/9780815712909">9780815712909</a></li> <li>Carpenter, T. (2006). <i>America's Coming War with China: A Collision Course over Taiwan</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781403968418" title="Special:BookSources/9781403968418">9781403968418</a></li> <li>Cole, B. (2006). <i>Taiwan's Security: History and Prospects</i>. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415365819" title="Special:BookSources/9780415365819">9780415365819</a></li> <li>Copper, J. (2006). <i>Playing with Fire: The Looming War with China over Taiwan</i>. Praeger Security. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275988883" title="Special:BookSources/9780275988883">9780275988883</a></li> <li>Federation of American Scientists et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/Book2006.pdf">Chinese Nuclear Forces and U.S. Nuclear War Planning</a></li> <li>Gill, B. (2007). <i>Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy</i>. Brookings Institution Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815731467" title="Special:BookSources/9780815731467">9780815731467</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnapp1980" class="citation cs2">Knapp, Ronald G. (1980), <i>China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan</i>, The University of Hawaii</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Island+Frontier%3A+Studies+in+the+Historical+Geography+of+Taiwan&rft.pub=The+University+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitical+status+of+Taiwan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Shirk, S. (2007). <i>China: Fragile Superpower: How China's Internal Politics Could Derail Its Peaceful Rise</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195306095" title="Special:BookSources/9780195306095">9780195306095</a></li> <li>Tsang, S. (2006). <i>If China Attacks Taiwan: Military Strategy, Politics and Economics</i>. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415407854" title="Special:BookSources/9780415407854">9780415407854</a></li> <li>Tucker, N.B. (2005). <i>Dangerous Strait: the U.S.-Taiwan-China Crisis</i>. Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231135641" title="Special:BookSources/9780231135641">9780231135641</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cross-strait_relations" title="Template:Cross-strait relations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cross-strait_relations" title="Template talk:Cross-strait relations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cross-strait_relations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cross-strait relations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Cross-strait_relations_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Taiwan&#124;link=Taiwan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">Cross-strait relations</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic,_Trade_and_Cultural_Office_(Taiwan)" title="Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan)">Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Office_in_Hong_Kong" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong">Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Economic_and_Cultural_Office_(Taiwan)" title="Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan)">Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Office_in_Macau" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau">Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_South-North_route" title="Opening of the South-North route">Opening of the South-North route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_Taiwan_strait_shipping" title="Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping">Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang%E2%80%93Koo_summit" title="Wang–Koo summit">Wang–Koo summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_charter" title="Cross-strait charter">Cross-strait charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Taiwanese_cross-strait_relations_referendum" title="2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum">2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17_Statement" title="May 17 Statement">May 17 Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Pan%E2%80%93Blue_visits_to_mainland_China" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China">2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_high-level_talks" title="Cross-strait high-level talks">Cross-strait high-level talks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="First Chen–Chiang summit">First Chen–Chiang summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Second Chen–Chiang summit">Second Chen–Chiang summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Fourth Chen–Chiang summit">Fourth Chen–Chiang summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Fifth Chen–Chiang summit">Fifth Chen–Chiang summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Sixth Chen–Chiang summit">Sixth Chen–Chiang summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Chen%E2%80%93Chiang_summit" title="Seventh Chen–Chiang summit">Seventh Chen–Chiang summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuan_Tuan_and_Yuan_Yuan" title="Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan">Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Framework_Agreement" title="Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement">Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_CEO_Summit" title="Cross-Strait CEO Summit">Cross-Strait CEO Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang%E2%80%93Kinmen_Pipeline" title="Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline">Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wang%E2%80%93Zhang_meetings" title="2014 Wang–Zhang meetings">2014 Wang–Zhang meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Xi%E2%80%93Chu_meeting" title="2015 Xi–Chu meeting">2015 Xi–Chu meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">Ma–Xi meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Forum" title="Straits Forum">Straits Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai-Taipei_City_Forum" title="Shanghai-Taipei City Forum">Shanghai-Taipei City Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Second Ma–Xi meeting">Second Ma–Xi meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Kuomintang-Communist_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War">Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanbi_policy" title="Guanbi policy">Guanbi policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_National_Glory" title="Project National Glory">Project National Glory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dong-Yin" title="Battle of Dong-Yin">Battle of Dong-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dongshan" title="Battle of Dongshan">Battle of Dongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_East_Chongwu" title="Battle of East Chongwu">Battle of East Chongwu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands_dispute" title="Senkaku Islands dispute">Dispute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the Tuapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAAC_Flight_296" title="CAAC Flight 296">CAAC Flight 296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_334" title="China Airlines Flight 334">China Airlines Flight 334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Guangzhou_Baiyun_airport_collisions" title="1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions">1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandao_Lake_incident" title="Qiandao Lake incident">Qiandao Lake incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_611" title="China Airlines Flight 611">China Airlines Flight 611</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_Student_Movement" title="Sunflower Student Movement">Sunflower Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braga_incident" title="Braga incident">Braga incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Black_Box_Curriculum_Movement" title="Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement">Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Liqiang" title="Wang Liqiang">Wang Liqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_pineapples" title="Freedom pineapples">Freedom pineapples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Solomon_Islands_unrest" title="2021 Solomon Islands unrest">2021 Solomon Islands unrest</a></li> <li>Chinese military exercises around Taiwan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Chinese_military_exercises_around_Taiwan" title="2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_military_exercises_around_Taiwan" title="2023 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Sword-2024" title="Joint Sword-2024">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kinmen_Chinese_motorboat_capsizing_incident" title="2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident">2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Act" title="Cross-Strait Act">Cross-Strait Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_National_Unification_Promotion_Law" title="Proposed National Unification Promotion Law">Proposed National Unification Promotion Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Infiltration_Act" title="Anti-Infiltration Act">Anti-Infiltration Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-China_Federation_of_Taiwan_Compatriots" title="All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots">All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Association_of_Huangpu_Military_Academy" title="Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy">Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Tourism_Exchange_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Taiwan_Affairs" title="Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs">Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Council_for_the_Promotion_of_Peaceful_National_Reunification" title="China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification">China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Straits_Common_Market_Foundation" title="Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation">Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Economic,_Trade_and_Culture_Forum" title="Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum">Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Peace_Forum" title="Cross-Strait Peace Forum">Cross-Strait Peace Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_for_China%27s_Reunification_under_the_Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People">Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lienchiang_Cross-Strait_Matters_Forum" title="Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum">Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unification_Council" title="National Unification Council">National Unification Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Exchange_Foundation" title="Straits Exchange Foundation">Straits Exchange Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Competitiveness_Forum" title="Taiwan Competitiveness Forum">Taiwan Competitiveness Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait_Tourism_Association" title="Taiwan Strait Tourism Association">Taiwan Strait Tourism Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Circle" title="China Circle">China Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">Chinese irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Economic_Zone" title="Cross-Strait Economic Zone">Cross-Strait Economic Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dang_Guo" title="Dang Guo">Dang Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noes_and_One_Without" title="Four Noes and One Without">Four Noes and One Without</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">Han chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_propaganda" title="Cross-strait propaganda">Cross-strait propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_non-state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special non-state-to-state relations">Special non-state-to-state relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Assurances" title="Six Assurances">Six Assurances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan,_China" title="Taiwan, China">Taiwan, China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">Two Chinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Noes" title="Three Noes">Three Noes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Links" title="Three Links">Three Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_consensus" title="Taiwan consensus">Taiwan consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Undetermined_Status_of_Taiwan" title="Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan">Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Taiwan" title="United front in Taiwan">United front in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Roof_of_One_China" title="Under the Roof of One China">Under the Roof of One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujian%E2%80%93Taiwan_relationship" title="Fujian–Taiwan relationship">Fujian–Taiwan relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Hong Kong–Taiwan relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_and_Promotion_Council" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council">Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_Council" title="Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council">Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Trades_Union_Council" title="Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council">Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-ROC_camp_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-ROC camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-ROC camp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Travel_Document" title="Chinese Travel Document">Chinese Travel Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Entry_Permit" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Entry Permit">Taiwan Entry Permit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Travel_Permit_for_Taiwan_Resident" title="Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Resident">Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Resident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_language_database" title="Cross-strait language database">Cross-strait language database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECFA_Debate" title="ECFA Debate">ECFA Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Aurora_(12)" title="HMS Aurora (12)">HMS Aurora (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_World_Bank" title="China and the World Bank">China and the World Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad" title="Chinese intelligence activity abroad">Chinese intelligence activity abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_information_operations_and_information_warfare" title="Chinese information operations and information warfare">Chinese information operations and information warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dates_of_establishment_of_diplomatic_relations_with_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China">Timeline of diplomatic relations with China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political status of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_Taiwanese_identity" title="Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity">Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_diplomatic_relations_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China">Timeline of diplomatic relations with Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geostrategy_in_Taiwan" title="Geostrategy in Taiwan">Geostrategy in Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Hero" title="Anti-Communist Hero">Anti-Communist Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_Tea_Alliance" title="Milk Tea Alliance">Milk Tea Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishang" title="Taishang">Taishang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G3_Beijing%E2%80%93Taipei_Expressway" title="G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway">G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G99_Taiwan_Ring_Expressway" title="G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway">G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_228_(Taiwan)" title="China National Highway 228 (Taiwan)">China National Highway 228 (Taiwan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_and_Tibetan_Affairs_Commission" title="Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission">Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Religious_Foundation_of_His_Holiness_the_Dalai_Lama" title="Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama">Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Turned_Upside_Down_(sculpture)" title="The World Turned Upside Down (sculpture)">The World Turned Upside Down</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_and_Reclaim_the_Mainland" title="Go and Reclaim the Mainland">Go and Reclaim the Mainland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Republic_of_China" title="Pro-Republic of China">Pro-Republic of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cross-strait_relations" title="Category:Cross-strait relations">Category:Cross-strait relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_Civil_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_Civil_War" title="Template:Chinese Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Chinese Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: none;"><div> <dl><dt>Principal belligerents and <a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Chinese_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Chinese Civil War">campaigns</a></dt></dl> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg/20px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg/40px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Nationalist Party</a> / <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">National Government</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a>) <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">→</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Constitutional ROC Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">ROC Armed Forces</a>) <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">→</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a><hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui_(pre-1996).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Danghui_%28pre-1996%29.svg/20px-Danghui_%28pre-1996%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Danghui_%28pre-1996%29.svg/30px-Danghui_%28pre-1996%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Danghui_%28pre-1996%29.svg/40px-Danghui_%28pre-1996%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="305" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a> / <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/20px-National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/30px-National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/40px-National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Soviet Republic</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/20px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/30px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/40px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="229" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Red_Army" title="Chinese Red Army">Red Army</a>) <a href="/wiki/Second_United_Front" title="Second United Front">→</a> <a href="/wiki/Communist-controlled_China_(1927%E2%80%931949)" title="Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)">Liberated Area</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">8th Route Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Fourth_Army" title="New Fourth Army">New Fourth Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">etc.</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">→</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>) <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">→</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;">Pre-1945</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Kuomintang-Communist_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War">Post-1945</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: left;width:10em;"><div> <table style="line-height: 1.3em;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1923</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sun%E2%80%93Joffe_Manifesto" title="Sun–Joffe Manifesto">Sun–Joffe Manifesto</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1924</td><td> <a href="/wiki/First_United_Front" title="First United Front">First United Front</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1926</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Canton_Coup" title="Canton Coup">Canton Coup</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1927–1949</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1927</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nanking_incident_of_1927" title="Nanking incident of 1927">Nanking incident</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Commune_of_1927" title="Shanghai Commune of 1927">Shanghai Commune</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_massacre" title="Shanghai massacre">Shanghai massacre</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanjing%E2%80%93Wuhan_split" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing–Wuhan split">Nanjing–Wuhan split</a><br /><a href="/wiki/July_15_Incident" title="July 15 Incident">715 Incident</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Little_Long_March" title="Little Long March">Little Long March</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_uprising" title="Nanchang uprising">Nanchang uprising</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Autumn_Harvest_Uprising" title="Autumn Harvest Uprising">Autumn Harvest Uprising</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Uprising" title="Guangzhou Uprising">Guangzhou Uprising</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1930–1934</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Encirclement_campaigns_(Chinese_Civil_War)" title="Encirclement campaigns (Chinese Civil War)">Encirclement campaigns</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1931–1934</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1933–1934</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fujian_People%27s_Government" title="Fujian People's Government">Fujian People's Government</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1934–1936</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1936</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Incident" title="Xi'an Incident">Xi'an Incident</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1937–1946</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Second_United_Front" title="Second United Front">Second United Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wartime_perception_of_the_Chinese_Communists" title="Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists">Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/New_Fourth_Army_incident" title="New Fourth Army incident">New Fourth Army incident</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1944</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dixie_Mission" title="Dixie Mission">Dixie Mission</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:10em;"><div> <table style="line-height: 1.3em"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1945</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chongqing_Negotiations" title="Chongqing Negotiations">Chongqing Negotiations</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Double_Tenth_Agreement" title="Double Tenth Agreement">Double Tenth Agreement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Retrocession_of_Taiwan" title="Retrocession of Taiwan">Retrocession of Taiwan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1946</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Jiaochangkou_incident" title="Jiaochangkou incident">Jiaochangkou Incident</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shen_Chong_case" title="Shen Chong case">Peiping rape case</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1945–1947</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Mission" title="Marshall Mission">Marshall Mission</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1945–1949</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1947</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Yu_Zisan_Incident" title="Yu Zisan Incident">Yu Zisan Incident</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1948</td><td> <a href="/wiki/SS_Kiangya" title="SS Kiangya">SS <i>Kiangya</i> incident</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Liaoshen_campaign" title="Liaoshen campaign">Liaoshen campaign</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1948–1949</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Huaihai_campaign" title="Huaihai campaign">Huaihai campaign</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pingjin_campaign" title="Pingjin campaign">Pingjin campaign</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1949</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taiping_(steamer)" title="Taiping (steamer)"><i>Taiping Steamer</i> Incident</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River_Crossing_campaign" title="Yangtze River Crossing campaign">Yangtze River Crossing campaign</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Amethyst_incident" title="Amethyst incident"><i>Amethyst</i> Incident</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan">ROC Government retreat to Taiwan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_Xinjiang_into_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China">PRC incorporation of Xinjiang</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1949–1953</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Shanghai_(1949-1953)" title="Bombing of Shanghai (1949-1953)">Bombing of Shanghai</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1950</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hainan_Island" title="Battle of Hainan Island">Hainan Island campaign</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wanshan_Archipelago_Campaign" title="Wanshan Archipelago Campaign">Wanshan Archipelago Campaign</a><br /></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1950–1958</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_Islamic_insurgency" title="Kuomintang Islamic insurgency">Kuomintang Islamic insurgency</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right: 0.7em;"> 1961–1972</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Project_National_Glory" title="Project National Glory">Project National Glory</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Foreign relations of Taiwan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Taiwan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Taiwan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Burkina Faso–Taiwan relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Chad–Taiwan relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Eswatini–Taiwan relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia–Taiwan relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya-Taiwan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya-Taiwan relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Malawi–Taiwan relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="São Tomé and Príncipe–Taiwan relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Somaliland–Taiwan relations">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="South Africa–Taiwan relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Argentina–Taiwan relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Belize–Taiwan relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Brazil–Taiwan relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Canada–Taiwan relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Chile–Taiwan relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Dominican Republic–Taiwan relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Guatemala–Taiwan relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Haiti–Taiwan relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Mexico–Taiwan relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Paraguay–Taiwan relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Peru–Taiwan relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Travel_Act" title="Taiwan Travel Act">Taiwan Travel Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Allies_International_Protection_and_Enhancement_Initiative_Act" title="Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative Act">TAIPEI Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Taiwan–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Bangladesh–Taiwan relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="India–Taiwan relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Indonesia–Taiwan relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Israel–Taiwan relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Japan–Taiwan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Malaysia–Taiwan relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Mongolia–Taiwan relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Myanmar–Taiwan relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="North Korea–Taiwan relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Pakistan–Taiwan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Philippines–Taiwan relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Singapore–Taiwan relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Taiwan relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="South Korea–Taiwan relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Taiwan–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Taiwan–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Taiwan–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Czech Republic–Taiwan relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Denmark–Taiwan relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Estonia–Taiwan relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Finland–Taiwan relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="France–Taiwan relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Germany–Taiwan relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Holy See–Taiwan relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Italy–Taiwan relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Kosovo–Taiwan relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Latvia–Taiwan relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Lithuania–Taiwan relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="North Macedonia–Taiwan relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Norway–Taiwan relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Netherlands–Taiwan relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Poland–Taiwan relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Russia–Taiwan relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Spain–Taiwan relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Sweden–Taiwan relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan-Slovakia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan-Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Taiwan–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Taiwan–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Australia–Taiwan relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Kiribati–Taiwan relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Nauru–Taiwan relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="New Zealand–Taiwan relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Palau–Taiwan relations">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Solomon Islands–Taiwan relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Tuvalu_relations" title="Taiwan–Tuvalu relations">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-African_relations" title="Sino-African relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Caribbean_relations" title="Sino-Caribbean relations">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Taiwan–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations" title="Sino-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">Oceania countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Third_World_relations" title="Sino-Third World relations">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_United_Nations" title="Taiwan and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Taiwan and the World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration and Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Taiwan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Taiwan">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Taiwan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Taiwan">in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Southbound_Policy" title="New Southbound Policy">New Southbound Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Taiwan" title="Visa policy of Taiwan">Visa policy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Taiwanese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Taiwanese citizens">requirements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_passport" title="Taiwan passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_diplomatic_relations_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China">Timeline of diplomatic relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Foreign_relations_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Template:Foreign relations of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Foreign_relations_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Algeria–China relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Angola–China relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Benin–China relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Botswana–China relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burkina Faso–China relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burundi–China relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cameroon–China relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cape Verde–China relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Central African Republic–China relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chad–China relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Comoros_relations" title="China–Comoros relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Djibouti_relations" title="China–Djibouti relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Egypt_relations" title="China–Egypt relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Equatorial_Guinea_relations" title="China–Equatorial Guinea relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Eritrea_relations" title="China–Eritrea relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="China–Ethiopia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gabon_relations" title="China–Gabon relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gambia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Gambia relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ghana_relations" title="China–Ghana relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea_relations" title="China–Guinea relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations" title="China–Guinea-Bissau relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="China–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="China–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="China–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="China–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="China–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="China–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="China–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="China–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="China–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="China–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="China–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="China–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="China–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="China–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="China–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="China–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="China–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="China–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="China–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="China–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="China–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="China–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="China–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="China–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="China–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="China–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="China–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="China–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="China–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="China–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–China relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Argentina–China relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–China relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Barbados–China relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bolivia–China relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brazil–China relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chile–China relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="China–Colombia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Costa_Rica_relations" title="China–Costa Rica relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cuba_relations" title="China–Cuba relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Dominican_Republic_relations" title="China–Dominican Republic relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ecuador_relations" title="China–Ecuador relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93El_Salvador_relations" title="China–El Salvador relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Grenada_relations" title="China–Grenada relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="China–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Honduras_relations" title="China–Honduras relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="China–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="China–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="China–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="China–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="China–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="China–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="China–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="China–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="China–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Afghanistan–China relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Armenia–China relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Azerbaijan–China relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bangladesh–China relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bhutan–China relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brunei–China relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cambodia–China relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93East_Timor_relations" title="China–East Timor relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Georgia_relations" title="China–Georgia relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="China–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="China–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="China–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="China–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="China–Japan relations">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="History of China–Japan relations">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="China–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="China–Kyrgyzstan relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="China–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="China–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="China–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="China–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="China–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="China–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="China–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="China–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="China–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="China–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="China–South Korea relations">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sino–Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="China–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="China–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="China–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="China–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="China–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="China–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="China–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Vietnam under Chinese rule">Northern Domination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="China–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Albania–China relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Austria–China relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belarus–China relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belgium–China relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bulgaria–China relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Croatia_relations" title="China–Croatia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations" title="China–Cyprus relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="China–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="China–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="China–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93France_relations" title="China–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="China–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="China–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iceland_relations" title="China–Iceland relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="China–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="China–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="China–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="China–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="China–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="China–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="China–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="China–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="China–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="China–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="China–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="China–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93San_Marino_relations" title="China–San Marino relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="China–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="China–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="China–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="China–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="China–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="China–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="China–Holy See relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Australia–China relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Fiji_relations" title="China–Fiji relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations" title="China–Kiribati relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="China–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="China–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="China–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niue_relations" title="China–Niue relations">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="China–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="China–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="China–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="China–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="China–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_relations" title="Sino-Soviet relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="China–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCIM_Economic_Corridor" title="BCIM Economic Corridor">BCIM Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-African_relations" title="Sino-African relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Caribbean_relations" title="Sino-Caribbean relations">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations" title="Sino-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Third_World_relations" title="Sino-Third World relations">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_China" title="Arctic policy of China">Arctic policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:China_and_the_Antarctic" title="Category:China and the Antarctic">China and the Antarctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign Minister</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_peaceful_rise" title="China's peaceful rise">China's peaceful rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dates_of_establishment_of_diplomatic_relations_with_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China">Dates of diplomatic recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_China" title="Foreign policy of China">Foreign policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China">Foreign Relations Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-dash_line" title="Nine-dash line">Nine-dash line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_diplomacy" title="Stadium diplomacy">Stadium diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_Pearls_(Indian_Ocean)" title="String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)">String of Pearls</a></li> <li>Major historical splits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_built_by_China_as_aid" title="List of theaters built by China as aid">Theater diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&oldid=1256916955">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_status_of_Taiwan&oldid=1256916955</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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