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url(https://www.omniglot.com/radio/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-bg_radio_omniglot.jpg)"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/" rel="home">Radio Omniglot</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Podcasts about languages and words</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <button id="menu-button" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-22"><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/radio/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?page_id=9">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2627"><a 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class="page-title">Category: <span>Proto-Germanic</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-3782" class="post-3782 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-german category-irish category-language category-manx category-middle-english category-middle-french category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gulls tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-seagulls tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Gulls</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00">15th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Gulls" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M14S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for seagull. The Proto-Celtic word *wailannā means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European *wáy (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to *waylos (..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.5" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_522"> <audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3782-1" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3?_=1" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3782-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="gulls.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for <strong>seagull</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/8669890780/in/photolist-CK25VS-CK27Kd-CK28Ab-CK2bh3-FUqCZZ-FUqDKr-RnJ5aY-VmySKU-WzcBBq-WQihiY-Xeg1VF-Xeg49Z-XFjAgk-XVbVC5-Ybi4Te-YfJGDe-YRhzKA-ZLgxUY-ZLgzc7-ZLgDqN-ZLgFxU-ZQZeZg-23DSofy-2hfkDSr-2jEus7W-nwQjkH-Q9JBGu-Qcx3CB-ed8stw" title="Gulls"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8263/8669890780_4edd1de330_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Gulls"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*wailannā</strong> means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*wáy</em> (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to <em>*waylos</em> (howler, wolf) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wailann%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>faoileán</strong> = gull, seagull in Irish</li> <li><strong>faoileann</strong> [fɯːlən̪ˠ] = gull, seagull, common gull in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>foillan</strong> = gull, seagull in Manx</li> <li><strong>gwylan</strong> [ˈɡʊɨ̯lan / ˈɡʊi̯lan] = sea-gull, fair maiden, glutton in Welsh</li> <li><strong>golan</strong> [ˈɡoːlan / ˈɡʊlɐn] = gull, seagull in Cornish</li> <li><strong>gouelan</strong> [ˈɡweːlãn] = seagull in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>gulls</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2020/08/15/gulls/">Gulls</a></p> <p>The English word <strong>gull</strong> comes from Middle English <strong>gulle</strong> (gull, water bird), which was probably borrowed from a Brythonic language (Welsh or Cornish) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gull#English">source</a>].</p> <p>The French word <strong>goéland</strong> [ɡɔ.e.lɑ̃] (gull, herring gull) was borrowed from Middle Breton <strong>goelan</strong> (gull, seagull) in the 15th century [<a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/go%C3%A9land">source</a>].</p> <p>A more common French word for (sea)gull is <strong>mouette</strong> [mwɛt], which comes from Middle French <em>mouette</em> (seagull) from Old French <em>moette</em> (seagull), from <em>maoe</em> (seagull), from Old English <em>mǣw</em> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh%E2%82%82-">source</a>]. </p> <p>The Old Englsh word <em>mǣw</em>, comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*maiwiz</em> (seagull), from a non-Indo-European substrate, or is of imitative origin. It’s also found in Middle English as <em>mewe</em> (gull, seagull), in the archaic / dialectal English word <strong>mew</strong> (gull, seagull), in Dutch as <strong>meeuw</strong> (seagull), and in German as <strong>Möwe</strong> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A6w#Old_English">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Gulls"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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<a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gulls" rel="tag">gulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=seagulls" rel="tag">seagulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3773" class="post-3773 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-ancient-greek- category-dutch category-english category-french category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-romanian-limba-romana category-spanish tag-boot tag-bottle tag-butler tag-butt tag-etymology tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Bottles, Boots and Butts</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-08T13:53:04+00:00">8th February 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-16T17:09:09+00:00">16th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Bottles, Boots and Butts" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-08T13:53:04+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M26S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between words for bottle, boot and butt in various languages. Meanings of bottle [ˈbɔtɫ̩ / ˈbɑ.təl] include: A container, typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used prim..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.6" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_523"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3773-2" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3?_=2" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3773-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="bottles.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between words for <strong>bottle</strong>, <strong>boot</strong> and <strong>butt</strong> in various languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/fraleigh/34731484/in/photolist-451sG-8iUFnL-dkH3BE-9cwfaG-gARDT9-nBMapd-8cqMhv-p8bHck-f1T6jU-8YwE6t-tqh9LQ-ETD8CE-a47fYW-bPJfmx-5VcHkf-8rTCj2-dBX1C6-gARGoP-DxSDTs-5CcXT4-ETD9k1-bbbR3c-cnaxfN-cFhxoS-89337W-21p5Kbk-9hGDuD-oSEjuA-e35bqn-dNxVz9-qiv1dA-5pxkyp-JXmVxi-RH7w4-JyPAy-JyQp1-dJFuww-ojmbRY-9M9yjU-bysL8K-234ZfBs-bExEr8-KGpaT9-iQZSKq-92tyeN-8QsR8C-amGFDq-4UWQVz-MWMmL-6oNira" title="Balcony pix"><img decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/22/34731484_79874c5bd7_z.jpg" width="640" height="389" alt="Balcony pix"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>Meanings of <strong>bottle</strong> [ˈbɔtɫ̩ / ˈbɑ.təl] include:</p> <ul> <li>A container, typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used primarily for holding liquids.</li> <li>The contents of such a container.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>botel</em> [ˈbutəl] (bottle, flask, wineskin), from Old French <em>boteille</em> [buˈteʎə] (bottle), from Late Latin <em>butticula</em> (bottle, flask), from <em>buttis</em> (cask, barrel), from Ancient Greek <em>βοῦττῐς</em> (boûttĭs – a type of vessel), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European <em>*bʰeHw-</em> (to swell, puff) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clutter">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>boot</strong>, <strong>butt</strong> (cask, barrel), and <strong>butler</strong> in English, <strong>bottiglia</strong> (bottle) in Italian, <strong>botte</strong> (boot, oppression) in French, <strong>botija</strong> (jug, vessel) in Spanish, <strong>butoi</strong> (barrel, cask) in Romanian, <strong>buta</strong> (butt, cask, stock, stocky person) in Irish, and <strong>búča</strong> (pumpkin, squash, head) in Slovenian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buttis#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words for bottle in Old English included:</p> <ul> <li><strong>flasce</strong> [ˈflɑs.ke] (bottle, flask), which comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*flaskǭ</em> (flask, bottle), lives on as <strong>flask</strong> in English, and is related the German word <strong>Flasche</strong> (bottle, flask, flagon), <strong>fles</strong> (bottle) in Dutch, and <strong>flaska</strong> (bottle) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flasce#Old_English">source</a>].</li> <li><strong>ampella</strong> [ˈɑm.pel.lɑ] (flask, bottle, flagon, vial), which comes from Proto-West Germanic <em>*ampullā</em> (flask), from Latin <em>ampulla</em> (a two-handled vessel with a swollen middle), from <em>amphora</em> (a large vessel, especially one made of clay with two handles used for storing and transporting wine and oil), from Ancient Greek <em>ἀμφορεύς</em> (amphoreús – jar with a narrow neck, amphora). It lives on as <strong>ampoule</strong> in English [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ampella#Old_English">source</a>].</li> </ul> <p>A related word in German is <strong>Ampel</strong>, which can refer to a traffic light, a ceiling lamp or a container which hangs from the ceiling (for a plant, etc.) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ampel#German">source</a>]</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content 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(español)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=boot" rel="tag">boot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=bottle" rel="tag">bottle</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=butler" rel="tag">butler</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=butt" rel="tag">butt</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3750" class="post-3750 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-danish category-english category-etymology category-german category-language category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-swedish category-welsh category-yiddish- tag-clod tag-clot tag-clutter tag-declutter tag-etymology tag-klutz tag-language tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-reclutter tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3750" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Cluttered Klutzes</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3750" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-18T14:16:12+00:00">18th January 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-01-18T14:19:21+00:00">18th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Cluttered Klutzes" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-18T14:16:12+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M00S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between clutter, clods and klutzes. My cluttered kitchen part way through its current renovation Clutter [ˈklʌtə(ɹ) / ˈklʌtɚ] is: A confused disordered jumble of things Background echoes, from ..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/clutteredklutzes.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.9" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_524"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3750-3" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/clutteredklutzes.mp3?_=3" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/clutteredklutzes.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/clutteredklutzes.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/clutteredklutzes.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3750-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/clutteredklutzes.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="clutteredklutzes.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between <strong>clutter</strong>, <strong>clods</strong> and <strong>klutzes</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/54212394501/in/dateposted/" title="My kitchen halfway through renovation"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54212394501_83b7f419f7_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="My kitchen halfway through renovation"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>My cluttered kitchen part way through its current renovation</em></p> <p><strong>Clutter</strong> [ˈklʌtə(ɹ) / ˈklʌtɚ] is:</p> <ul> <li>A confused disordered jumble of things</li> <li>Background echoes, from clouds etc., on a radar or sonar screen.</li> <li>Clatter; confused noise. <em>(obsolete</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>cloteren</em> (to form clots, coagulate, heap on), from <em>clot</em> (clot, ball of earth of clay), from Old English <em>clot(t)</em> (mass, lump), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*klott</em> (clod, lump, ball), from Proto-Germanic <em>*kluttaz</em> (clod, lump, ball), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*gel-</em> (to ball up, amass, clench) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clutter">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>cleat</strong>, <strong>clod</strong>, <strong>clot</strong>, <strong>cloud</strong> and <strong>klutz</strong> in English, <strong>Klotz</strong> (block, log, chunk, klutz) in German, <strong>klut</strong> (rag, cloth, patch, sail) in Swedish, <strong>klode</strong> (globe) in Danish, and possibly <strong>cludair</strong> (a heap, pile) in Welsh [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/klott">source</a>].</p> <p>The word <strong>klutz</strong>, which in the USA refers to a clumsy or stupud person, comes from the Yiddish word <em>קלאָץ</em> (klots – wooden beam, log, block, oaf, blockhead), from Middle High German <em>kloz</em> (stump, ball), from Old High German <em>kloz</em> (stump, ball), from Proto-West Germanic <em>*klott</em> (clod, lump, ball), etc. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/klutz#English">source</a>].</p> <p>In the UK, one equivalent of a <strong>klutz</strong> might be a <strong>clot</strong>, which is used to refer to a silly person, and not so much a clumsy person <a href="https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/another-word-for/klutz.html">Other words with similar meanings</a> are available. For a clumsy person, we might say <strong>butterfingers</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clot#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Some related words related to <strong>clutter</strong> include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>cluttercore</strong> – An interior design trend and aesthetic, popular in the 2020s, based on densely filling spaces with personal objects and decorative items, resulting in a vibrant and eclectic arrangement of contrasting colours and textures – a.k.a. ‘TikTok aesthetic’ [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cluttercore#English">source</a>]</li> <li><strong>clutterblug</strong> – someone who collects lots of things that have value or personal meaning, unlike a <strong>hoarder</strong>, who collects huge amounts of stuff, often of seemingly little value to themselves or others [<a href="https://www.apdo.co.uk/resource/are-you-a-hoarder-or-a-clutterbug.html">source</a>].</li> <li><strong>(to) declutter</strong> – The act or process of removing clutter; a decluttering; to remove clutter from, to tidy – a.k.a. (to) unclutter [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/declutter#English">source</a>]. This is something I’m attempting to do at the moment in my late mother’s house, and my own house.</li> </ul> <p>I am a bit of a <strong>clutterblug</strong>, and tend to hold on to things that might be useful one day. I seem to go through phases of cluttering, decluttering and recluttering. How about you?</p> <p>I thought I’d just made up <strong>reclutter</strong> (the process of cluttering after a declutter), but apparently it’s a thing: “recluttering encourages us to discard our negative associations towards ‘clutter’ and create a conscious, more mindful relationship with our belongings, instead. Essentially, if something brings joy, purpose or personality to us and our homes, it’s worth holding on to, whether it’s ‘necessary’ or not.” [<a href="https://www.idealhome.co.uk/house-manual/storage-organisation/what-is-recluttering">source</a>].</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content 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target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=98" rel="category">Adventures in Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=119" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=51" rel="category">Yiddish (ײִדיש)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=clod" rel="tag">clod</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=clot" rel="tag">clot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=clutter" rel="tag">clutter</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=declutter" rel="tag">declutter</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=klutz" rel="tag">klutz</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=reclutter" rel="tag">reclutter</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3750#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3730" class="post-3730 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-icelandic category-italian category-language category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-swedish tag-etymology tag-feather tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-wind tag-wing tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Windy Wings</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-04T14:58:02+00:00">4th January 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-01-04T14:58:24+00:00">4th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Windy Wings" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-04T14:58:02+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M12S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the words wing, wind and feather. A wing [wɪŋ] is: An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly. A fin at the side of a ray or similar fish. Part of an a..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_525"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3730-4" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3?_=4" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3730-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="windywings.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the words <strong>wing</strong>, <strong>wind</strong> and <strong>feather</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/aarmo/43739697352/in/photolist-29D8o9Y-6VkBMq-24gxYB9-27x3Zc7-26yqaN8-22qs5vq-25zc2fz-EPZf95-GykLfF-24NWFJ8-p2qrAe-RAknTL-QReFRo-Ya8n6W-26bRva1-2982LzU-6xSCwA-DZtvgM-neUfHa-6VkC77-2aHC8TL-GHaXWd-K2RNk4-dwJdMz-ZGbNXY-CjUv2F-TMi62M-zTCDyU-y3BbWG-25nkvND-5XneGT-jd3FS-FFsCuy-6VkzJo-EBH769-xaMNZd-23xk2qX-9gbvri-GC6kK3-UJZTDx-ZvFnur-ZJGHau-b58mYi-CsQqHu-CYXHH8-rfV3Yt-22Wiabv-24gK8Kh-qoXWgx-rFh1Uy" title="Soaring gull"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1835/43739697352_47ae802f71_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Soaring gull"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>A <strong>wing</strong> [wɪŋ] is:</p> <ul> <li>An appendage of an animal’s (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly. </li> <li>A fin at the side of a ray or similar fish.</li> <li>Part of an aircraft that produces the lift for rising into the air. <em>(other meanings are available</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>winge / wenge</em> [ˈwinɡ(ə) / ˈwɛnɡ(ə)] (wing, flank of an army, shelter, refuge), from Old Norse <em>vængr</em> [ˈwɛ̃ːŋɡr̩] (wing), possibly from Proto-Germanic <em>*wēingijaz</em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h₂weh₁-</em> (to blow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wing#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Old Norse root include <strong>vinge</strong> (wing) in Danish, <strong>vængur</strong> (wing) in Icelandic, and <strong>vinge</strong> (wing) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A6ngr#Old_Norse">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root possibly include <strong>aeroplane</strong>, <strong>athlete</strong>, <strong>fan</strong>, <strong>vent</strong>, and <strong>weather</strong> in English, <strong>waaien</strong> (to blow, be windy, wave) in Dutch, <strong>vento</strong> (wind) Italian, and <strong>vent</strong> (wind, flatulence, empty words) in French [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82weh%E2%82%81-">source</a>].</p> <p>The English word <strong>wind</strong> [wɪnd] also comes from the same roots, via Middle English <em>wynd / wind</em> [wi(ː)nd] (wind), from Old English <em>wind</em> [wind] (wind, flatulence), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*wind</em> (wind from Proto-Germanic <em>*windaz</em> [ˈwin.dɑz] (wind) from Proto-Indo-European <em>h₂wéh₁n̥ts</em> (blowing, that which blows, air, wind), from <em>*h₂weh₁-</em> (to blow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wind#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, ityn Old Englsh, a word for <strong>wing</strong> was <em>fiþre</em> [ˈfiθ.re], which was displaced by the Old Norse <em>vængr</em> (wing). It comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*fiþriją</em> [ɸi.θri.jɑ̃] (feathers, plummage, wing) from Proto-Indo-European <em>*péth₂r̥ / pth₂én-</em> (wing, feather), from <em>*peth₂-</em> (to fly). It became em>feþer / fether</em> (feather) in Middle English, and <strong>feather</strong> in modern English. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fi%C3%BEre#Old_English">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, Happy New Year! Blwyddyn newydd dda! Bonne année ! ¡Feliz Año Nuevo! 新年快樂！新年快乐！ Felice anno nuovo! 新年おめでとうございます! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit! Bliadhna mhath ùr! Blein Vie Noa! Ein gutes neues Jahr! Feliĉan novan jaron! Поздравляю с Новым Годом! Šťastný nový rok! Godt nytår! Gott nytt år! La Mulți Ani! 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category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-polish-polski category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-spanish"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3557" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Swan</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3557" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-21T14:07:05+00:00">21st September 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-21T14:26:55+00:00">21st September 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Swan" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-09-21T14:07:05+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M42S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology we're looking into the origins of the word swan. A swan [swɒn/swɑn] is: Any of various species of large, long-necked waterfowl, of genus Cygnus (bird family: Anatidae), most of which have white plumage. One whose g..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.8" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_526"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3557-5" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3?_=5" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3557-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/swans.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="swans.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology we’re looking into the origins of the word <strong>swan</strong>.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/videos/swans2.jpg" width="630" height="354" alt="Swan" /></p> <p>A <strong>swan</strong> [swɒn/swɑn] is:</p> <ul> <li>Any of various species of large, long-necked waterfowl, of genus <em>Cygnus</em> (bird family: <em>Anatidae</em>), most of which have white plumage.</li> <li>One whose grace etc. suggests a swan.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>swan</em> [swan] (swan, swan meat), from Old English <em>swan</em> [swɑn] (swan), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*swan</em> (swan) from Proto-Germanic <em>*swanaz</em> [ˈswɑ.nɑz] (swan, literally “the singing bird”), probably Proto-Indo-European <em>*swenh₂-</em> (to sound) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swan#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>sound</strong>, <strong>sonnet</strong> and <strong>sonata</strong> in English, <strong>zwaan</strong> [zʋaːn] (swan) in Dutch, <strong>Schwan</strong> [ʃvaːn] (swan, the constellation Cygnus) in German, <strong>sonar</strong> [soˈnaɾ] (to sound, ring) in Spanish, <strong>suonàre</strong> [swoˈna.re] (to play [an instrument], to sound, to ring) in Italian, and possibly <strong>dzwon</strong> [dzvɔn] (bell) in Polish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh%E2%82%82-">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the English word <strong>sonar</strong>, as in a device that uses hydrophones to locate objects underwater, is an acronym of <strong>So</strong>und <strong>N</strong>avigation and <strong>R</strong>anging, and was coined by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Vinton_Hunt">Frederick Vinton Hunt</a>, an American inventor, scientist and professor of acoustic engineering at Havard University in 1942. </p> <p>Initially, the name ‘bearing and deviation indicator’ (BDI) was used for the system developed by Hunt and his team at the Harvard Underwater Sound Laboratory in 1941. The Navy Bureau of Ships asked him to come up with a more interesting name to make the job of an acoustic ranging technician sound more glamorous. He suggested <strong>SONAR</strong>, and said that it stood for <strong>So</strong>und <strong>N</strong>avigation and <strong>R</strong>anging – so it is in fact a backronym (an acronym based on an existing word) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sonar#English">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, an adult male swan is a <strong>cob</strong>, which comes from Middle English <em>cobbe</em> (male swan, gang leader, bully) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cob#English">source</a>]. An adult female swan is a <strong>pen</strong>, the origins of which are uncertain [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pen#English">source</a>], and a baby swan is a <strong>cygnet</strong>, which comes from Middle English <em>signet</em> (a young swan), from Anglo-Norman <em>cignet</em>, a diminutive of Old French <em>cigne</em> (swan), from Latin <em>cycnus</em> [ky.knus] (swan, [singing] poet), from Ancient Greek <em>κύκνος</em> (kúknos – swan, a type of ship) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cygnet#English">source</a>]. Baby swans are also known as <strong>swanlings</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/swanling#English">source</a>].</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3557" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Swan"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3557&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Swan" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3557&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Swan" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3557&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Swan" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=97" rel="category">Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνική)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=124" rel="category">Anglo-Norman (norman)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=109" rel="category">Old French (Franceis)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=63" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=119" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3557#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3547" class="post-3547 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-albanian-shqip category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-czech category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-german category-irish category-language category-manx category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-spanish category-swedish category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Leather</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-09-14T16:49:52+00:00">14th September 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Leather" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-09-14T16:49:52+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M12S" /><meta itemprop="description" content=" The Irish word leathar and the Welsh word lledr both mean leather, and various other things. You might think that they were borrowed from English, but in fact the English word leather might ultimately come from a Proto-Celtic word, via Middle and O..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_527"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3547-6" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3?_=6" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3547-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/leather.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="leather.mp3">Download</a></p><p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/26344495@N05/49482716781/in/photolist-9EhaSZ-2nRo2Jt-fysKT5-2Zih9j-2ncnkV1-8zynPE-2jHXay6-eghGKd-2hZUEKR-2nKtjTW-5zQHdK-2ioBRKk-e2imZK-2k2wZ3D-6bgL5M-QaEGra-e2CT14-fLuxJJ-2mKBw8u-v6bA6D-DGXXFU-9ciir6-CmscSD-egbXuF-2hffuWX-eaYdEf-2kYMffN-JQtjp7-nfNtKm-uNAJbJ-D7qg1n-e1LmBh-2144hsf-6xanNq-2hp8gt8-g2Uwvf-bpsKh8-2p9Q3Sv-2koeNCw-4RiRoq-6xanNh-2bCjKLM-2hgkJ5i-4ZcFZ4-2hfftdX-dieQmw-Zo7s-2j8TZ2R-zoX1a-2j8HgGn" title="Close-up of a leather sole on a shoe form"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49482716781_f4e0ba9873_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Close-up of a leather sole on a shoe form"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Irish word <strong>leathar</strong> and the Welsh word <strong>lledr</strong> both mean leather, and various other things. You might think that they were borrowed from English, but in fact the English word <strong>leather</strong> might ultimately come from a Proto-Celtic word, via Middle and Old English and Proto-Germanic [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leather#English">source</a>]. </p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word for leather or hide was <strong>*(ɸ)letros</strong>, which comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*péltrom</em>, from <em>*pel-</em> (to cover, to wrap, skin, hide, cloth) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/letros">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>leathar</strong> [ˈl̠ʲahəɾˠ] = skin, hide, leather in Irish</li> <li><strong>leathar</strong> [l̪ʲɛhər] = leather, leathery in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>l(h)iare</strong> = leather in Manx</li> <li><strong>lledr</strong> [ɬɛdr/ˈɬeːdɛr] = leather, parchment, vellum, skin, hide in Welsh</li> <li><strong>ledher</strong> = leather in Cornish</li> <li><strong>lêr</strong> [lɛːr] = leather in Breton</li> </ul> <p>The Proto-Germanic word <em>*leþrą</em> [ˈle.θrɑ̃] (leather), which was possibly was borrowed from Proto-Celtic, and from these roots we get words such as <strong>leather</strong> in English, <strong>leer</strong> (leather) in Dutch, <strong>Leder</strong> (leather, suede, hide) in German, <strong>læder</strong> (leather) in Danish, and <strong>läder</strong> (leather, suede) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/le%C3%BEr%C4%85">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>pall</strong>, <strong>pelt</strong>, <strong>camouflage</strong> and <strong>film</strong> in English; <strong>plena</strong> (membrane) in Czech; <strong>piel</strong> (skin, fur) in Spanish, <strong>plah</strong> (to cover, veil) in Albanian, and <strong>pall</strong> (cloak, curtain, covering, tent) in Welsh [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-">source</a>].</p> <p>See the Celtiadur post <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/09/10/leathery-hide/">Leathery Hide</a> for more details of words for leather and related things in Celtic languages.</p> <p>You can find more connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur blog</a>. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Leather"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3547&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Leather" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3547&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Leather" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3547&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Leather" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=126" rel="category">Albanian (shqip)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3547#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3537" class="post-3537 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-english category-german category-irish category-language category-latvian-latviesu-valoda category-middle-english category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3537" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Sadly Satisfied</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3537" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-07T11:41:55+00:00">7th September 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-07T12:05:13+00:00">7th September 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Sadly Satisfied" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-09-07T11:41:55+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M57S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology we find out whether the words sad and satisfied are connected. Sad [sæd] means various things, including: Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful. Appearing sorrowful. Causing sorrow; lamentable. Poor in quality, bad; ..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/sad.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.5" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_528"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3537-7" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/sad.mp3?_=7" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/sad.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/sad.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/sad.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3537-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/sad.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="sad.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology we find out whether the words <strong>sad</strong> and <strong>satisfied</strong> are connected.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/nolifebeforecoffee/5978760019/in/photolist-fmJEf-4So5u2-EtjpoK-a7jH4i-atjpvu-23NxN2q-8JA31z-3rkRA-eXAtP-hyJJW-H89S-tt7ju1-9Xm1r-Ys2DJ-4yFoEG-7U4kVU-925r6n-48kxK-2VFgJ-nWtRp-5HhLKP-6G6uhU-4cQv4S-suoHn3-mWv4f-2jN1WeD-2nkRg2V-2ms44Z7-679HoT-89tQSA-o8CeFn-aM48vi-dy59SD-tP7Rxo-2mdHJ7E-2p5MeiE-798h1a-4U5efi-5f1tqv-3FcHr-9GZY75-izrTp-w6MnPf-R7Gsmy-WGMXQN-8n3R9P-pSpXy-soAQ2-D4EWD-E3gQ3A" title="sad"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/6140/5978760019_feae8c6b2c_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="sad"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Sad</strong> [sæd] means various things, including:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.</li> <li>Appearing sorrowful.</li> <li>Causing sorrow; lamentable.</li> <li>Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable, regrettable, poor.</li> </ul> <p>It can mean unfashionable, socially inadequate or undesirable (in slang), and in the past it meant:</p> <ul> <li>Sated, having had one’s fill; satisfied, weary.</li> <li>Steadfast, valiant.</li> <li>Dignified, serious, grave.</li> <li>Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>sad</em> [sa(ː)d] (sated, weary; firm, solid, hard, thoughtful, serious, sad (sorrowful), authentic, true, genuine; dark, deep [colours]), from Old English <em>sǣd</em> [sæːd] (full, sated, weary), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*sad</em> (sated, full) from Proto-Germanic <em>*sadaz</em> [ˈsɑ.ðɑz] (sated, full), Proto-Indo-European <em>*seh₂-</em> (to satiate, satisfy) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sad#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>satt</strong> [zat] (not hungry, satiated, full, fed up) in German, <strong>sāts</strong> (moderation, satiation, fill) in Latvian, <strong>sáith</strong> [sˠaːç] (sufficiency, enough, fill) in Irish, and <strong>satiate</strong>, <strong>satisfied</strong> and <strong>insatiate</strong> in English [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh%E2%82%82-">source</a>].</p> <p>The Welsh word <strong>sad</strong> was borrowed from Middle English, and means firm, stable, steady, solid, certain, sure, wise, discreet, sober, grave, melancholy, and various other things. Related words include <strong>sadiwr</strong> (stabilizer) and <strong>sadeiddio</strong> (to make or become firm or stable) [<a href="https://welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html">source</a>].</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3537" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Sadly Satisfied"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3537&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Sadly%20Satisfied" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3537&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Sadly%20Satisfied" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3537&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Sadly%20Satisfied" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=98" rel="category">Adventures in Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=114" rel="category">Latvian (latviešu valoda)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=119" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3537#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3518" class="post-3518 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-dutch category-english category-estonian-eesti-keel category-etymology category-german category-language category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3518" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Grass</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3518" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-24T20:31:52+00:00">24th August 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-08-24T21:27:41+00:00">24th August 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Grass" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-08-24T20:31:52+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M25S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology we find out whether the words grass, graze and green are connected. Grass [ɡɹɑːs/ɡɹas/ɡɹ̠æs] is: Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap a..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/grass.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.0" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_529"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3518-8" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/grass.mp3?_=8" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/grass.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/grass.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/grass.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3518-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/grass.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="grass.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology we find out whether the words <strong>grass</strong>, <strong>graze</strong> and <strong>green</strong> are connected.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/30476247294/in/photolist-Nr5Jxy-6A3Cqa-YLg1bd-YLgra1-YSGH37-ZH6pZM-ZLZjJG-ZVgenE-21GNyh4-21JnbRX-21XPkYJ-22QNtUh-22ZKy7C-232j4M9-233pBWc-2368KW5-23aurEQ-AbY3PM-Axckre-CpTJLv-CK25VS-CK2bh3-D9w3ta-DiyV7B-DqiRi2-Dym5re-EDVc7L-EEvuGs-EEvuJw-EKQcqL-FUqcKR-FUqknK-FUqoNc-GWDzEa-H5noT2-HWEHmD-HWENic-J8he5X-JgwkQe-JgwsMk-L87SGj-Q9AzLi-QwWtSC-RR3zKt-YstWp3-YLgfZS-YLgnEq-YNSDKv-YTm7Nj-ZLggFq" title="Gertie and Bertie"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/5564/30476247294_0804ab79f6_z.jpg" width="640" height="360" alt="Gertie and Bertie"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p><strong>Grass</strong> [ɡɹɑːs/ɡɹas/ɡɹ̠æs] is:</p> <ul> <li>Any plant of the family <em>Poaceae</em>, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>gras</em> [ɡras] (grass, herb, pasture, meadow, fodder), from Old English <em>græs</em> [ɡræs] (grass), from Proto-Germanic <em>*grasą</em> [ˈɣrɑ.sɑ̃] (grass) from Proto-Indo-European <em>*gʰreh₁-</em> (to grow, become green) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grass#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>grow</strong>, <strong>green</strong>, <strong>gray/grey</strong>, <strong>graze</strong> and <strong>herb</strong> in English, <strong>groen</strong> (green) in Dutch, <strong>grasen</strong> (to graze) in German, and <strong>rohi</strong> (grass, medicine) in Estonian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g%CA%B0reh%E2%82%81-">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, in British slang, a <strong>grass</strong> is an informer, police informer, or one who betrays a group (of criminals, etc) to the authorities. This is probably an abbreviation of <strong>grasshopper</strong> (police officer, informant), which is rhyming slang for <strong>copper</strong> (police officer) or <strong>shopper</strong> (informant).</p> <p>So we’d better not let the <strong>grass grow under our feet</strong> and <strong>kick this into the long grass</strong>, because the <strong>grass is always greener on the other side of the fence</strong> and if we listen carefully, we can <strong>hear the grass grow</strong>.</p> <p>Other grass-related idioms and expressions are available, and I wrote a song about the grass appearing greener called <strong>The Other Side</strong>. It goes something like this:</p> <p><iframe loading="lazy" width="100%" height="166" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allow="autoplay" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1646786142&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true"></iframe></p> <div style="font-size: 10px; color: #cccccc;line-break: anywhere;word-break: normal;overflow: hidden;white-space: nowrap;text-overflow: ellipsis; font-family: Interstate,Lucida Grande,Lucida Sans Unicode,Lucida Sans,Garuda,Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif;font-weight: 100;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager" title="Simon Ager" target="_blank" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener">Simon Ager</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/simon-ager/theotherside" title="The Other Side" target="_blank" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener">The Other Side</a></div> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3518" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Grass"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3518&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Grass" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3518&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Grass" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3518&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Grass" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=98" rel="category">Adventures in Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=161" rel="category">Estonian (eesti keel)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3518#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3510" class="post-3510 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-etymology category-french category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Tin</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-17T16:45:40+00:00">17th August 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-08-17T17:37:46+00:00">17th August 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Tin" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-08-17T16:45:40+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M55S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode, we're looking into the Celtic roots of some Romance tins. The Proto-Celtic word *stagnos means tin and probably comes from the Proto-Indo-European *sth₂gʰ-nó-s (standing, firm), from *steh₂- (to stand) [source]. Related words in..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.2" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_530"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3510-9" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3?_=9" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3510-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/tin.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="tin.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode, we’re looking into the Celtic roots of some Romance tins.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/friedwater/8108747206/in/photolist-dmxs3j-2kZWUvJ-8ckD56-cjpTtG-2orY1Wj-2n1rPWg-2os1Tut-qmWL6F-2mZYULF-2ntENzm-2n64aq2-4AnkL5-2n16vGs-2n6aL4L-2k6fg82-2mZYUDG-2n15fna-2n64ajv-2ndxiWM-2n18ec5-2n64auk-2n64afT-2nhGgND-26vKKDG-2hXqLCo-2k6fS19-2kjnM9V-2k6ffQP-2n16vKJ-CDRnHz-2hXrNB7-2ndsbqf-2hXqLR4-2n69BKH-2n698Jv-2hXrNzi-2k6fRyn-2n16vvW-2k6ffCe-2hRY9Bz-2k6fRUN-2mZYURk-5ZZDeA-2k6ffYE-e6vm3p-2mvMSEf-2k6fRRS-2k6ffDb-2hkTLdd-9kHZCa" title="french tinned butter biscuits"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8333/8108747206_43e4e086c9_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="french tinned butter biscuits"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*stagnos</strong> means tin and probably comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*sth₂gʰ-nó-s</em> (standing, firm), from <em>*steh₂-</em> (to stand) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/stagnos">source</a>]. </p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>stán</strong> = tin, tin vessel in Irish</li> <li><strong>staoin</strong> [sdɯːn̪ʲ] = tin, pewter in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>stainney</strong> = tin, can, tin-plate in Manx</li> <li><strong>(y)staen</strong> [ˈ(ə)staɨ̯n] = tin, pewter in Welsh</li> <li><strong>sten</strong> [stɛːn / steːn] = tin in Cornish</li> <li><strong>staen</strong> [ˈstɛːn] = tin in Breton</li> </ul> <p>Words from the same Celtic roots, via Gaulish <strong>*stagnom</strong> (tin) and Latin <em>stannum</em> (tin, silver-lead alloy), include <strong>estany</strong> (tin) in Catalan, <strong>étain</strong> (tin) in French, <strong>stagno</strong> (tin) in Italian, and <strong> estanho</strong> (tin) in Portuguese [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin">source</a>].</p> <p>I forgot to mention in the recording that the symbol for the element tin is <strong>Sn</strong>, which comes from Latin <em>stannum</em>, and the English words such as <strong>stannary</strong> (of or pertaining to tin mining, especially in Cornwall), and <strong>stanniferous</strong> (containing or producing the metal tin) come from the same roots [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stanno-#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>cost</strong>, <strong>distant</strong>, <strong>estate</strong>, <strong>instant</strong>, <strong>obstinate</strong>, <strong>stand</strong>, <strong>stem</strong> and <strong>stool</strong> in English [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*steh%E2%82%82-">source</a>], and words from <strong>heel</strong> in Celtic languages, such as <strong>sawdl</strong> in Welsh and <strong>sáil</strong> in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sawdl#Welsh">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, the word <strong>tin</strong> comes from Middle English <em>tyn(ne)</em> (tin), from Old English <em>tin</em> (tin), from Proto-Germanic <em>*tiną</em> (tin), probably from a pre-Indo-European language [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tin#English">source</a>].</p> <p>More about words for <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2022/06/02/tin/">Tin</a> and related tools in Celtic languages.</p> <p>You can find more connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur blog</a>. I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Tin"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3510&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tin" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3510&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tin" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3510&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Tin" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=115" rel="category">Catalan (català)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3510#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3480" class="post-3480 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-breton category-cornish category-english category-etymology category-french category-german category-language category-latin category-lithuanian-lietuviu-kalba category-middle-english category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-polish-polski category-proto-brythonic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3480" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Folk</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3480" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-07-27T13:45:07+00:00">27th July 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Folk" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-07-27T13:45:07+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M39S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology we're looking into the origins of the word folk. Some folk playing folk music Folk [fəʊk / foʊk] can refer to: People, persons One’s relatives, especially one’s parents (e.g. my folks) Short for folk music A people..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/folk.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.3" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_531"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3480-10" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/folk.mp3?_=10" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/folk.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/folk.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/folk.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3480-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/folk.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="folk.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology we’re looking into the origins of the word <strong>folk</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/35641850150/in/album-72157671265431635/" title="Ciarán Ó Maoinigh, Caitlín Nic Gobhann and Cathal Ó Curráín at Oideas Gael, Donegal, Ireland, July 2017"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/4314/35641850150_0180e4dc4f_z.jpg" width="640" height="360" alt="Ciarán Ó Maoinigh, Caitlín Nic Gobhann and Cathal Ó Curráín at Oideas Gael, Donegal, Ireland, July 2017"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>Some folk playing folk music</em></p> <p><strong>Folk</strong> [fəʊk / foʊk] can refer to:</p> <ul> <li>People, persons</li> <li>One’s relatives, especially one’s parents (e.g. my folks)</li> <li>Short for folk music</li> <li>A people; a tribe or nation; the inhabitants of a region, especially the native inhabitants. (<em>Archaic</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <strong>folk</strong> [fɔlk] (people, nation, group, family, kin, relatives, humanity), from Old English <em>folc</em> [folk] (people, nation, tribe, crowd) from Proto-Germanic <em>fulką</em> [ˈɸul.kɑ̃] (people, tribe), <em>*fulkaz</em> (crowd, army), possibly from PIE <em>*pleh₁-</em> (to fill) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/folk#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>fill</strong>, <strong>pleb</strong>, <strong>plenty</strong>, <strong>plural</strong>, <strong>plus</strong> and <strong>public</strong> in English, <strong>pul̃kas</strong> [ˈpʊlkɐs] (flock, crowd, regiment) in Lithuanian, <strong>pułk</strong> [puwk] (regiment) in Polish, and <strong>Volk</strong> [fɔlk] (people, native, tribe) in German [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulk%C4%85">source</a>].</p> <p>The French word <strong>plouc</strong> [pluk] (country bumpkin, yokel) also comes from the same roots, via Breton <strong>plouk</strong> [pluːk] (yokel), from <strong>ploue</strong> [pluːe] (parish, countryside) Proto-Brythonic <strong>*pluɨβ</strong> (countryside, parish, common people) and Latin <em>plēb(ē)s</em> (common people, plebians) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plouc#French">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in other Celtic languages include <strong>pluw</strong> (parish) in Cornish, and <strong>plwy(f)</strong> [pluːɨ̯(v) / plʊi̯(v)] (parish, poor relief, parishioners, people) in Welsh [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/plu%C9%A8%CE%B2">source</a>].</p> <p>For more details, see the post about <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/04/23/land-parishes-enclosures/">Land, Parishes & Enclosures</a> on the Celtiadur.</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container 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