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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advocate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Advocate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Start_of_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Start_of_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Start of political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Start_of_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rajya_Sabha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajya_Sabha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Rajya Sabha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajya_Sabha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor_of_Bihar_(2015–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor_of_Bihar_(2015–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governor of Bihar (2015–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor_of_Bihar_(2015–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_(2017–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_(2017–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Presidency (2017–2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency_(2017–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Post presidency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post_presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post presidency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Panel_on_"One_Nation,_One_Election_"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panel_on_"One_Nation,_One_Election_""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Panel on "One Nation, One Election "</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panel_on_"One_Nation,_One_Election_"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Political positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ram Nath Kovind</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AB%E1%88%9D_%E1%8A%93%E1%8C%A5_%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ራም ናጥ ኮቪንድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ራም ናጥ ኮቪንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رام نات كوفيند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رام نات كوفيند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="ৰাম নাথ কোৱিন্দ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাম নাথ কোৱিন্দ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="রামনাথ কোবিন্দ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রামনাথ কোবিন্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Рам Натх Кавінд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рам Натх Кавінд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="रामनाथ कोविंद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रामनाथ कोविंद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1m_N%C3%A1th_K%C3%B3vind" title="Rám Náth Kóvind – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rám Náth Kóvind" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B8_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Ραμ Ναθ Κοβίντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραμ Ναθ Κοβίντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رام نات کوویند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رام نات کوویند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A5_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6" title="રામનાથ કોવિંદ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રામનાથ કોવિંદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%8C_%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BD%94%EB%B9%88%EB%93%9C" title="람 나트 코빈드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="람 나트 코빈드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Ռամ Քովինդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռամ Քովինդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="राम नाथ कोविन्द – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राम नाथ कोविन्द" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%AA%27_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ראם נאת' קובינד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראם נאת' קובינד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ರಾಮ್ ನಾಥ್ ಕೋವಿಂದ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಮ್ ನಾಥ್ ಕೋವಿಂದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="რამ ნათხ კოვინდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რამ ნათხ კოვინდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Рам Натх Ковинд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рам Натх Ковинд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81ms_N%C4%81ths_Kovinds" title="Rāms Nāths Kovinds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rāms Nāths Kovinds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="राम नाथ कोविन्द – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="राम नाथ कोविन्द" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="റാം നാഥ് കോവിന്ദ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റാം നാഥ് കോവിന്ദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="रामनाथ कोविंद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रामनाथ कोविंद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%97_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="რამ ნათ კოვინდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რამ ნათ კოვინდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رام نات كوفيند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رام نات كوفيند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="राम नाथ कोविन्द – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राम नाथ कोविन्द" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ラーム・ナート・コーヴィンド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラーム・ナート・コーヴィンド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A5_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6" title="ରାମନାଥ କୋବିନ୍ଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାମନାଥ କୋବିନ୍ଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A5_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6" title="ਰਾਮ ਨਾਥ ਕੋਵਿੰਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਮ ਨਾਥ ਕੋਵਿੰਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رام ناتھ کووند – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رام ناتھ کووند" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رام نات کووېند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رام نات کووېند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85" title="Ковинд, Рам Натх – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ковинд, Рам Натх" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="रामनाथः कोविन्दः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रामनाथः कोविन्दः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A" title="රාම් නාත් කෝවින්ද් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාම් නාත් කෝවින්ද්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ڕام ناس کۆڤیند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕام ناس کۆڤیند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Рам Нат Ковинд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рам Нат Ковинд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="ராம் நாத் கோவிந்த் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ராம் நாத் கோவிந்த்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D" title="రామ్‌నాథ్ కోవింద్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రామ్‌నాథ్ కోవింద్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%96_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="ราม นาถ โกวินท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราม นาถ โกวินท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Рам Натҳ Ковинд – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рам Натҳ Ковинд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A5_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ರಾಮನಾಥ ಕೋವಿಂದ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರಾಮನಾಥ ಕೋವಿಂದ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Рам Натх Ковінд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рам Натх Ковінд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="رام ناتھ کووند – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رام ناتھ کووند" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ram Nath Kovind" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%B8%A9%E5%BE%B7" title="拉姆·纳特·科温德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉姆·纳特·科温德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%BA%AB%E5%BE%B7" title="科溫德 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科溫德" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kovind" redirects here. For his wife, see <a href="/wiki/Savita_Kovind" title="Savita Kovind">Savita Kovind</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ram Nath Kovind</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram_Nath_Kovind_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kovind wearing a blue suit jacket." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ram_Nath_Kovind_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ram_Nath_Kovind_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ram_Nath_Kovind_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5695" data-file-height="7118" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2017</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 July 2017 – 25 July 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hamid_Ansari" title="Mohammad Hamid Ansari">Mohammad Hamid Ansari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">M. Venkaiah Naidu</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">26th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 August 2015 – 21 June 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chief Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar">Nitish Kumar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Keshari Nath Tripathi</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 April 1994 – 2 April 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Katiyar" title="Vinay Katiyar">Vinay Katiyar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1945-10-01</span>) </span>1 October 1945<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 79)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kanpur_Dehat_district" title="Kanpur Dehat district">Paraunkh</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_(1937%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces (1937–50)">United Provinces</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> <br /> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Savita_Kovind" title="Savita Kovind">Savita Kovind</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1974)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label">12 <a href="/wiki/Janpath" title="Janpath">Janpath</a>, New Delhi, Delhi, India<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shahu_Ji_Maharaj_University" title="Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University">Kanpur University</a> (<a href="/wiki/B.Com." class="mw-redirect" title="B.Com.">B.Com.</a>, <a href="/wiki/LL.B." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.B.">LL.B.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>lawyer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram_Nath_Kovind_Signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ram Nath Kovind's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ram_Nath_Kovind_Signature.png/128px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_Signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ram_Nath_Kovind_Signature.png/192px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_Signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ram_Nath_Kovind_Signature.png/256px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_Signature.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="131" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ram Nath Kovind</b> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/43\/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6.ogg\/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u094b\u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6.ogg/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6.ogg" title="File:राम नाथ कोविन्द.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; born 1 October 1945) is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 14th <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a> from 2017 to 2022. He is the first person from <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> to serve as <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>. He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> and also the first person from <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> to become the President of India. Prior to his presidency, he served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Bihar">26th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a> from 2015 to 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Rajya Sabha</a> from 1994 to 2006. Before entering politics, he was a lawyer for 16 years and practised in the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_High_Court" title="Delhi High Court">Delhi High Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> until 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kovind was born to Maiku Lal and Kalawati in a <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a> family during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> on 1 October 1945, in Paraunkh village in the <a href="/wiki/Kanpur_Dehat_district" title="Kanpur Dehat district">Kanpur Dehat</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the youngest of five brothers and two sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father Maikulal ran a shop and was also a farmer and a local <a href="/wiki/Vaidya" title="Vaidya">vaidya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother Kalawati was a homemaker.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kovind was born in a mud hut, which eventually collapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was only five when his mother died of burns when their thatched dwelling caught fire. Kovind later donated the land to the community.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his elementary school education, he needed to walk each day to Kanpur village, 8 km (5.0 mi) away, to attend junior school, as nobody in the village had a bicycle.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He holds a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a> from <a href="/wiki/DAV_College,_Kanpur" title="DAV College, Kanpur">DAV College</a> (affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Kanpur_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanpur University">Kanpur University</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:et_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:et-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_unveils_plaques_for_railway_bridges_in_Bihar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_unveils_plaques_for_railway_bridges_in_Bihar.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_unveils_plaques_for_railway_bridges_in_Bihar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_unveils_plaques_for_railway_bridges_in_Bihar.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_unveils_plaques_for_railway_bridges_in_Bihar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_unveils_plaques_for_railway_bridges_in_Bihar.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_unveils_plaques_for_railway_bridges_in_Bihar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Former MP Kovind at a function with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> opening a bridge in <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_sources_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ram+Nath+Kovind%22">"Ram Nath Kovind"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ram+Nath+Kovind%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ram+Nath+Kovind%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ram+Nath+Kovind%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ram+Nath+Kovind%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ram+Nath+Kovind%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advocate">Advocate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Advocate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating in law from <a href="/wiki/DAV_College,_Kanpur" title="DAV College, Kanpur">DAV College, Kanpur</a>, Kovind went to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> to prepare for the civil services examination. He passed this exam on his third attempt, He scored high enough to work in an allied service rather than in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a> and thus started practising law.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovind enrolled as an advocate in 1971 with the bar council of <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. He was Central Government Advocate in the Delhi High Court from 1977 to 1979. Between 1977 and 1978, he also served as the personal assistant of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, he became an advocate-on-record of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> and served as a standing counsel for the <a href="/wiki/Central_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Government">Central Government</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> from 1980 to 1993. He practised in the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_High_Court" title="Delhi High Court">Delhi High Court</a> and Supreme Court until 1993. As an advocate, he provided <a href="/wiki/Pro-bono" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-bono">pro-bono</a> aid to weaker sections of society, women and the poor under the Free Legal Aid Society of <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:et_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:et-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Start_of_political_career">Start of political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Start of political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He joined the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the president of the BJP Dalit Morcha between 1998 and 2002 and the president of the All-India Koli Samaj.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> He also served as the national spokesperson of the party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> He donated his ancestral home in Paraunkh to the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after joining the BJP, he contested <a href="/wiki/Ghatampur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghatampur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ghatampur</a> assembly constituency, but lost and later contested <a href="/wiki/Bhognipur_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhognipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Bhognipur</a> in 2007 elections (both in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>) assembly constituency on the BJP ticket but lost again.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, Kovind, joined the protest against certain orders from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">central government</a> that had adverse effects on the <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">SC/ST</a> workers. Later, three amendments were made to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a> that revoked the orders, by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vajpayee_ministry" title="Second Vajpayee ministry">NDA government</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rajya_Sabha">Rajya Sabha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rajya Sabha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was elected and became a <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> MP from the state of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> in April 1994. He served a total of twelve years, two consecutive terms, until March 2006. As a member of parliament, he served on the Parliamentary Committee for Welfare of Scheduled Castes/Tribes, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and Natural Gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Empowerment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also served as the chairman of the Rajya Sabha House Committee. During his career as a parliamentarian, under the <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament_Local_Area_Development_Scheme" title="Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme">Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme</a>, he focused on education in rural areas by helping in the construction of school buildings in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">member of parliament</a>, he visited <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on study tours.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_appointments">Other appointments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He has served on the Board of management of <a href="/wiki/Babasaheb_Bhimrao_Ambedkar_University" title="Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University">Dr. B.R Ambedkar University</a>, Lucknow,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> and on the Board of Governors of <a href="/wiki/IIM_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="IIM Calcutta">IIM Calcutta</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> He has also represented India at the UN and addressed the United Nations General Assembly in October 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_Bihar_(2015–2017)"><span id="Governor_of_Bihar_.282015.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Governor of Bihar (2015–2017)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governor of Bihar (2015–2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram_Nath_Kovind_welcoming_Pranab_Mukherjee_at_Patna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="H.E the Governor of Bihar Shri Ram Nath Kovind welcoming Hon'ble President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee at Patna on 17 April 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ram_Nath_Kovind_welcoming_Pranab_Mukherjee_at_Patna.jpg/220px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_welcoming_Pranab_Mukherjee_at_Patna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ram_Nath_Kovind_welcoming_Pranab_Mukherjee_at_Patna.jpg/330px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_welcoming_Pranab_Mukherjee_at_Patna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ram_Nath_Kovind_welcoming_Pranab_Mukherjee_at_Patna.jpg/440px-Ram_Nath_Kovind_welcoming_Pranab_Mukherjee_at_Patna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Governor Ram Nath Kovind of Bihar welcoming President <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> at Patna on 17 April 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>On 8 August 2015, President <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> appointed Kovind as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">governor of Bihar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 August 2015, the acting Chief Justice of Patna High Court, Iqbal Ahmad Ansari, administered the oath to Kovind as the 26th governor of Bihar, in a ceremony at Raj Bhawan in Patna.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovind's appointment was criticised by then <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Bihar">Chief Minister of Bihar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar">Nitish Kumar</a> as it came months before <a href="/wiki/2015_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2015 state Assembly elections</a> and the appointment was made without consulting the state government as recommended by <a href="/wiki/Sarkaria_Commission" title="Sarkaria Commission">Sarkaria Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Kovind's term as the governor was praised for constituting a judicial commission to investigate irregularities in promotion of undeserving teachers, mismanagement of funds and appointment of undeserving candidates in universities.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2017, when he was announced as a <a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_presidential_election#Candidates" title="2017 Indian presidential election">candidate for presidential election</a>, Nitish Kumar backed his choice and praised him as being unbiased and working closely with the state government during his governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_election">Presidential election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian presidential election">2017 Indian presidential election</a></div> <p>After nomination for the post of 14th president of India, he resigned from his post as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">governor of Bihar</a>, and the President of India, <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a>, accepted his resignation on 20 June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won the election on 20 July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kovind received 65.65% of the valid votes, against former <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker of the Lok Sabha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meira_Kumar" title="Meira Kumar">Meira Kumar</a>, the presidential candidate of the <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">Opposition</a> who received 34.35%. Kovind received 2,930 votes (From MPs and MLAs) amounting to <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(India)" title="Electoral College (India)">Electoral College</a> votes of 702,044 (65.65%) as compared to 1,844 votes with a value of 367,314 (34.35%) votes for Meira Kumar lagging far behind with 367,314 votes, and 77 votes were invalid.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the first <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> candidate with RSS background to be elected to the post.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tally of votes (367,314) polled by Meira Kumar is only the second-highest for a losing candidate, that of <a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a> in the 1969 presidential elections being the highest ever; he received 405,427 votes as against 420,077 by <a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a>, the winner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency_(2017–2022)"><span id="Presidency_.282017.E2.80.932022.29"></span>Presidency (2017–2022)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Presidency (2017–2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chief_Justice_of_India,_Shri_Justice_J.S._Khehar_administering_the_oath_of_the_office_of_the_President_of_India_to_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind,_at_a_swearing-in_ceremony_in_the_central_hall_of_Parliament,_in_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/The_Chief_Justice_of_India%2C_Shri_Justice_J.S._Khehar_administering_the_oath_of_the_office_of_the_President_of_India_to_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind%2C_at_a_swearing-in_ceremony_in_the_central_hall_of_Parliament%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/The_Chief_Justice_of_India%2C_Shri_Justice_J.S._Khehar_administering_the_oath_of_the_office_of_the_President_of_India_to_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind%2C_at_a_swearing-in_ceremony_in_the_central_hall_of_Parliament%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/The_Chief_Justice_of_India%2C_Shri_Justice_J.S._Khehar_administering_the_oath_of_the_office_of_the_President_of_India_to_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind%2C_at_a_swearing-in_ceremony_in_the_central_hall_of_Parliament%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1263" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J._S._Khehar" class="mw-redirect" title="J. S. Khehar">J. S. Khehar</a>, Chief Justice of India, administering the oath of the office of the President-elect Kovind, at a swearing-in ceremony in the central hall of Parliament, in New Delhi in 2017</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Presidency of Ram Nath Kovind">Presidency of Ram Nath Kovind</a></div> <p>Kovind took the oath as the 14th president of India on 25 July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 5-year term he addressed the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> five times. First address was upon taking oath, and subsequent four addresses were to joint sitting of both houses from 2018 to 2021. Kovind in his tenure administered oath of office to three <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justices of India</a> and 29 other judges of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> on 21 July 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post_presidency">Post presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panel_on_"One_Nation,_One_Election_""><span id="Panel_on_.22One_Nation.2C_One_Election_.22"></span>Panel on "One Nation, One Election "</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Panel on "One Nation, One Election ""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> formed an 8-member committee chaired by Kovind to suggest changes to the constitution for simultaneous polls in the country. The primary objective of this committee, is to examine and propose specific amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act,_1951" title="Representation of the People Act, 1951">Representation of the People Act, 1951</a>, and any other relevant laws and regulations to enable simultaneous elections.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_President,_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_opens_the_annual_%E2%80%9CUdyanotsav%E2%80%9D_of_the_Mughal_Gardens_of_Rashtrapati_Bhavan,_in_New_Delhi_on_February_05,_2018._The_First_Lady_of_India,_Smt._Savita_Kovind_is_also_seen_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_opens_the_annual_%E2%80%9CUdyanotsav%E2%80%9D_of_the_Mughal_Gardens_of_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_05%2C_2018._The_First_Lady_of_India%2C_Smt._Savita_Kovind_is_also_seen_%282%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_opens_the_annual_%E2%80%9CUdyanotsav%E2%80%9D_of_the_Mughal_Gardens_of_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_05%2C_2018._The_First_Lady_of_India%2C_Smt._Savita_Kovind_is_also_seen_%282%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_President%2C_Shri_Ram_Nath_Kovind_opens_the_annual_%E2%80%9CUdyanotsav%E2%80%9D_of_the_Mughal_Gardens_of_Rashtrapati_Bhavan%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_February_05%2C_2018._The_First_Lady_of_India%2C_Smt._Savita_Kovind_is_also_seen_%282%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1437" /></a><figcaption>President Kovind with his wife <a href="/wiki/Savita_Kovind" title="Savita Kovind">First Lady Savita Kovind</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kovind married <a href="/wiki/Savita_Kovind" title="Savita Kovind">Savita</a> on 30 May 1974. They have a son, Prashant Kumar, and a daughter, Swati who is an air hostess for <a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, he was reported to have said that "<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> are alien to the nation" as spokesperson of the BJP.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As reported by <i><a href="/wiki/Indo-Asian_News_Service" title="Indo-Asian News Service">IANS</a></i> and published by <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>, he made this comment in response to the <a href="/wiki/Ranganath_Misra_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranganath Misra Commission">Ranganath Misra Commission</a> which recommended 15 per cent reservation for religious and linguistic minorities in government jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although more recently, the issue was raised in the media if whether or not he was misquoted and that he in fact said "Islam and Christianity are alien to the notion (of caste)" as opposed to what was reported as 'nation'.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MDG_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_2nd_Class_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MDG_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_2nd_Class_BAR.png/50px-MDG_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_2nd_Class_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MDG_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_2nd_Class_BAR.png/75px-MDG_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_2nd_Class_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MDG_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_2nd_Class_BAR.png/100px-MDG_National_Order_-_Grand_Cross_2nd_Class_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Madagascar" title="National Order of Madagascar">National Order of Madagascar</a>, <i>Grand Cross 2nd Class</i> (14 March 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_(Guinea_Equatoriale).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png/50px-Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png/75px-Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png/100px-Ordine_dell%27Indipendenza_%28Guinea_Equatoriale%29.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="58" /></a></span> Order of Independence, <i>Grand Collar</i> (8 April 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Order_of_the_Crown_(Swaziland).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Royal_Order_of_the_Crown_%28Swaziland%29.gif/50px-Royal_Order_of_the_Crown_%28Swaziland%29.gif" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Royal_Order_of_the_Crown_%28Swaziland%29.gif/75px-Royal_Order_of_the_Crown_%28Swaziland%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Royal_Order_of_the_Crown_%28Swaziland%29.gif/100px-Royal_Order_of_the_Crown_%28Swaziland%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Eswatini" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Eswatini">Order of the Lion</a>, <i>Collar</i> (9 April 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_of_an_order_of_king_Tomislav.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ribbon_of_an_order_of_king_Tomislav.png/50px-Ribbon_of_an_order_of_king_Tomislav.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ribbon_of_an_order_of_king_Tomislav.png/75px-Ribbon_of_an_order_of_king_Tomislav.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ribbon_of_an_order_of_king_Tomislav.png/100px-Ribbon_of_an_order_of_king_Tomislav.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Order_of_King_Tomislav" title="Grand Order of King Tomislav">Grand Order of King Tomislav</a> (26 March 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BOL_Order_of_Condor_of_the_Andes_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/BOL_Order_of_Condor_of_the_Andes_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/50px-BOL_Order_of_Condor_of_the_Andes_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/BOL_Order_of_Condor_of_the_Andes_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/75px-BOL_Order_of_Condor_of_the_Andes_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/BOL_Order_of_Condor_of_the_Andes_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/100px-BOL_Order_of_Condor_of_the_Andes_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <i>Grand Collar</i>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Condor_of_the_Andes" title="Order of the Condor of the Andes">Order of the Condor of the Andes</a> (26 March 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_(Guinea).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/National_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Guinea%29.png/50px-National_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Guinea%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/National_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Guinea%29.png/75px-National_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Guinea%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/National_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Guinea%29.png/100px-National_Order_of_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Guinea%29.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(Guinea)" title="National Order of Merit (Guinea)">National Order of Merit</a>, <i>Grand Cross</i> (3 August 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Presidency of Ram Nath Kovind">Presidency of Ram Nath Kovind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Nath_Kovind&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/a-post-presidential-life-sprawling-12-janpath-bungalow-pension-of-rs-1-5-lakh-and-free-travel-for-life-awaits-ram-nath-kovind-10952121.html">"A post-Presidential life: Sprawling 12 Janpath bungalow, pension of Rs 1.5 lakh and free travel for life awaits Ram Nath Kovind"</a>. <i>Firstpost</i>. 25 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=A+post-Presidential+life%3A+Sprawling+12+Janpath+bungalow%2C+pension+of+Rs+1.5+lakh+and+free+travel+for+life+awaits+Ram+Nath+Kovind&rft.date=2022-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Fa-post-presidential-life-sprawling-12-janpath-bungalow-pension-of-rs-1-5-lakh-and-free-travel-for-life-awaits-ram-nath-kovind-10952121.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://presidentofindia.nic.in/press-release-detail.htm?2993">"Press Releases Detail – The President of India"</a>. <i>presidentofindia.nic.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827223422/http://www.cgkhabar.com/ramnath-kovind-and-muslim-20170620/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=presidentofindia.nic.in&rft.atitle=Press+Releases+Detail+%E2%80%93+The+President+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresidentofindia.nic.in%2Fpress-release-detail.htm%3F2993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRam_Nath_Kovind_resigns_as_Bihar_Governor2017" class="citation news cs1">Ram Nath Kovind resigns as Bihar Governor (20 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ram-nath-kovind-resigns-as-bihar-governor/article19108472.ece?homepage=true">"Ram Nath Kovind resigns as Bihar Governor"</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008160043/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ram-nath-kovind-resigns-as-bihar-governor/article19108472.ece?homepage=true">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Hindu. 19 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624084504/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ram-nath-kovind-bihar-governor-is-bjps-nominee-for-president/article19102980.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Bihar+Governor+Ram+Nath+Kovind+is+NDA+nominee+for+President&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fram-nath-kovind-bihar-governor-is-bjps-nominee-for-president%2Farticle19102980.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205230747/https://presidentofindia.nic.in/profile.htm">"Profile of the President"</a>. <i>presidentofindia.nic.in</i>. 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He signifies the aspirational non-<a href="/wiki/Jatav" title="Jatav">Jatav</a> Dalit middle class that was not too enamoured nor overwhelmed by the anti-Hindutva Ambedkarite outlook seen in the Hindi heartland in the mid-1980s<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=Ram+Nath+Kovind+is+BJP%27s+choice+for+president%3A+All+you+need+to+know+about+the+Dalit+leader+from+UP&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Framnath-kovind-is-bjps-presidential-pick-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-dalit-leader-form-up-3712909.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ramnath-kovind-profile/1079259">"Ramnath Kovind Profile"</a>. <i>Outlook</i>. 19 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827223422/http://www.cgkhabar.com/ramnath-kovind-and-muslim-20170620/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Kovind+first+President+from+Sangh%2C+cross-voting+boosts+margin&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fkovind-first-president-from-sangh-cross-voting-boosts-margin%2Farticleshow%2F59691040.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indtoday.com/ram-nath-kovind-takes-oath-as-indias-14th-president/">"Ram Nath Kovind takes oath as India's 14th President"</a>. <i>indtoday.com</i>. 25 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728175405/http://indtoday.com/ram-nath-kovind-takes-oath-as-indias-14th-president/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Why+is+India%27s+next+president+so+unknown%3F&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Famp%2F40344572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jun/20/when-nda-presidential-pick-kovind-said-islam-christianity-are-alien-to-india-1618873.html">"When NDA Presidential pick Kovind said Islam, Christianity are alien to India"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 20 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728210110/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jun/20/when-nda-presidential-pick-kovind-said-islam-christianity-are-alien-to-india-1618873.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=When+NDA+Presidential+pick+Kovind+said+Islam%2C+Christianity+are+alien+to+India&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2F2017%2Fjun%2F20%2Fwhen-nda-presidential-pick-kovind-said-islam-christianity-are-alien-to-india-1618873.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/islam-christianity-alien-so-cannot-get-quota-bjp/story-6uQb8s0QywnDq6ib60QceK.html">"Islam, Christianity alien, so cannot get quota: BJP"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 26 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827223422/http://www.cgkhabar.com/ramnath-kovind-and-muslim-20170620/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Islam%2C+Christianity+alien%2C+so+cannot+get+quota%3A+BJP&rft.date=2010-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhindustantimes.com%2Fdelhi-news%2Fislam-christianity-alien-so-cannot-get-quota-bjp%2Fstory-6uQb8s0QywnDq6ib60QceK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ram-nath-kovind-s-2010-statement-on-islam-christianity-back-again-triggers-nation-vs-notion-row/story-Do2uyDIb2orE0fa1Mho7sJ.html">"Ram Nath Kovind's 'Islam, Christianity' statement triggers nation vs notion row"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 27 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170725140428/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ram-nath-kovind-s-2010-statement-on-islam-christianity-back-again-triggers-nation-vs-notion-row/story-Do2uyDIb2orE0fa1Mho7sJ.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chhattisgarh+Khabar&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgkhabar.com%2Framnath-kovind-and-muslim-20170620%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/29637/press+release+on+state+visit+of+president+to+madagascar+march+1415+2018">"Press Release on State Visit of President to Madagascar (March 14-15, 2018)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India-Swaziland+Joint+Statement+during+State+Visit+of+President+to+Swaziland+%28April+9-10%2C+2018%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmea.gov.in%2Fbilateral-documents.htm%3Fdtl%2F29805%2FIndiaSwaziland_Joint_Statement_during_State_Visit_of_President_to_Swaziland_April_910_2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/31177/press+statement+by+president+during+state+visit+to+croatia">"Press Statement by President during State Visit to Croatia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Statement+by+President+during+State+Visit+to+Croatia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mea.gov.in%2FSpeeches-Statements.htm%3Fdtl%2F31177%2Fpress%2Bstatement%2Bby%2Bpresident%2Bduring%2Bstate%2Bvisit%2Bto%2Bcroatia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/31191/Press+Statement+by+President+during+State+Visit+to+Bolivia">"Press Statement by President during State Visit to Bolivia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Statement+by+President+during+State+Visit+to+Bolivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmea.gov.in%2FSpeeches-Statements.htm%3Fdtl%2F31191%2FPress%2BStatement%2Bby%2BPresident%2Bduring%2BState%2BVisit%2Bto%2BBolivia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARam+Nath+Kovind" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/president-ram-nath-kovind-honoured-guinea-highest-award-1576959-2019-08-04">"President Ram Nath Kovind honoured with Guinea's highest award"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 4 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108001213/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/president-ram-nath-kovind-honoured-guinea-highest-award-1576959-2019-08-04">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament <br /> for <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> </b><br />1994–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Katiyar" title="Vinay Katiyar">Vinay Katiyar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bihar" title="List of governors of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a> </b><br />2015–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div 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this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Presidents_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">Presidents of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_India" title="List of presidents of India">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain" title="Zakir Husain">Zakir Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_Ali_Ahmed" title="Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed">Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">Ramaswamy Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Narayanan" title="K. R. Narayanan">K. R. Narayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="Presidency of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Patil" title="Pratibha Patil">Pratibha Patil</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Pratibha_Patil" title="Presidency of Pratibha Patil">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Presidency of Pranab Mukherjee">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ram Nath Kovind</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Presidency of Ram Nath Kovind">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Incumbent)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Droupadi_Murmu" title="Presidency of Droupadi Murmu">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/60px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/90px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hidayatullah" title="Mohammad Hidayatullah">Mohammad Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._D._Jatti" title="B. D. Jatti">B. D. Jatti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_presidents_of_India" title="List of things named after presidents of India">Things named after presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastrapati_Bhavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastrapati Bhavan">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_India" title="First ladies and gentlemen of India">Spouse</a></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_India" title="Category:Presidents of India">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Bihar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governor_of_Bihar" title="Template:Governor of Bihar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governor_of_Bihar" title="Template talk:Governor of Bihar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governor_of_Bihar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governor of Bihar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Bihar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bihar" title="List of governors of Bihar">Governors of Bihar</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_David_Sifton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir James David Sifton">James Sifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Garnier_Hallett" title="Maurice Garnier Hallett">Maurice Garnier Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Alexander_Stewart" title="Thomas Alexander Stewart">Thomas Alexander Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Rutherford" title="Thomas George Rutherford">Thomas George Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mudie" title="Francis Mudie">Francis Mudie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Rutherford" title="Thomas George Rutherford">Thomas George Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dow" title="Hugh Dow">Hugh Dow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairamdas_Daulatram" title="Jairamdas Daulatram">Jairamdas Daulatram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Shrihari_Aney" title="Madhav Shrihari Aney">Madhav Shrihari Aney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._R._Diwakar" title="R. R. Diwakar">R. R. Diwakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._A._S._Ayyangar" class="mw-redirect" title="M. A. S. Ayyangar">M. A. S. Ayyangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Kanungo" title="Nityanand Kanungo">Nityanand Kanungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev_Kant_Baruah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dev Kant Baruah">Dev Kant Baruah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Dhondiba_Bhandare" title="Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare">Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Kaushal" title="Jagannath Kaushal">Jagannath Kaushal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Venkatasubbaiah" class="mw-redirect" title="P. Venkatasubbaiah">P. Venkatasubbaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Narayan_Singh" title="Govind Narayan Singh">Govind Narayan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R.D._Pradhan" class="mw-redirect" title="R.D. Pradhan">R.D. Pradhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Pahadia" title="Jagannath Pahadia">Jagannath Pahadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yunus_Saleem" title="Mohammad Yunus Saleem">Mohammad Saleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Shafi_Qureshi" title="Mohammad Shafi Qureshi">Mohammad Shafi Qureshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Singh_Bhandari" title="Sunder Singh Bhandari">Sunder Singh Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._C._Pande" title="V. C. Pande">V. C. Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_R_Jois" class="mw-redirect" title="M R Jois">M R Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi">Gopalkrishna Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._S._Gavai" title="R. S. Gavai">R. S. Gavai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._L._Bhatia" title="R. L. Bhatia">R. L. Bhatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanand_Konwar" title="Devanand Konwar">Devanand Konwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Y._Patil" title="D. Y. Patil">D. Y. Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ram Nath Kovind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Malik" title="Satya Pal Malik">Satya Pal Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalji_Tandon" title="Lalji Tandon">Lalji Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagu_Chauhan" title="Phagu Chauhan">Phagu Chauhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Arlekar" title="Rajendra Arlekar">Rajendra Arlekar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16845347#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16845347#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16845347#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000498790601">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14150565695906252633">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqfJJQ9yjtmhcfpbwTj4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1215942761">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2017245728">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810532417105606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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