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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_education_and_early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_education_and_early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>School education and early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_education_and_early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_fighter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_fighter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Freedom fighter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_fighter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chief_Minister_of_Bombay_and_Partition_into_two_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Minister_of_Bombay_and_Partition_into_two_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chief Minister of Bombay and Partition into two state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_Minister_of_Bombay_and_Partition_into_two_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nehru_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nehru_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nehru cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nehru_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congress_party_leadership_contest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congress_party_leadership_contest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Congress party leadership contest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congress_party_leadership_contest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indira_Gandhi_cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indira_Gandhi_cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Indira Gandhi cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indira_Gandhi_cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>In opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Janata_wave_of_1977" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janata_wave_of_1977"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Janata wave of 1977</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Janata_wave_of_1977-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_India_(1977–1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_of_India_(1977–1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prime Minister of India (1977–1979)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_Minister_of_India_(1977–1979)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prime Minister of India (1977–1979) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_of_India_(1977–1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_a_Prime_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_Prime_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>As a Prime Minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_Prime_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nuclear programme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decimation_of_R&AW" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decimation_of_R&AW"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Decimation of R&AW</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decimation_of_R&AW-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intra-party_squabbles_and_collapse_of_Janata_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intra-party_squabbles_and_collapse_of_Janata_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Intra-party squabbles and collapse of Janata government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intra-party_squabbles_and_collapse_of_Janata_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Retirement and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Social service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>State honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Morarji Desai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مورارجي ديساي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مورارجي ديساي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মোৰাৰজী দেশাই – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মোৰাৰজী দেশাই" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মোরারজী দেসাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোরারজী দেসাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3r%C3%A1rd%C5%BE%C3%AD_D%C3%A9sa%C3%AD" title="Mórárdží Désaí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mórárdží Désaí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مورارجی دسای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مورارجی دسای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88" title="મોરારજી દેસાઈ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોરારજી દેસાઈ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मोरारजी रणछोडजी देसाई – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="मोरारजी रणछोडजी देसाई" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%A7%80_%EB%8D%B0%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4" title="모라르지 데사이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모라르지 데사이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%AB_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB" title="Մորարջի Դեսայի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մորարջի Դեսայի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मोरारजी देसाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोरारजी देसाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%99_%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%99" title="מורארג'י דסאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מורארג'י דסאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮೊರಾರ್ಜಿ ದೇಸಾಯಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೊರಾರ್ಜಿ ದೇಸಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मोरारजी देसाई – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मोरारजी देसाई" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="മൊറാർജി ദേശായി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊറാർജി ദേശായി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मोरारजी देसाई – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोरारजी देसाई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%89" title="مورارجى ديساى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مورارجى ديساى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مورارجی دسای – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مورارجی دسای" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मोरारजी देसाई – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोरारजी देसाई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC" title="モラルジー・デーサーイー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モラルジー・デーサーイー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87" title="ମୋରାରଜୀ ଦେଶାଇ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୋରାରଜୀ ଦେଶାଇ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desay,_Morarji" title="Desay, Morarji – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Desay, Morarji" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਮੋਰਾਰਜੀ ਦੇਸਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਰਾਰਜੀ ਦੇਸਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="مرارجی ڈیسائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مرارجی ڈیسائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Десаи, Морарджи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Десаи, Морарджи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="मोरारजी देसाई – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मोरारजी देसाई" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarxhi_Desai" title="Morarxhi Desai – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Morarxhi Desai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%9F%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Морарџи Десаи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морарџи Десаи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="மொரார்ஜி தேசாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொரார்ஜி தேசாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF" title="మొరార్జీ దేశాయి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొరార్జీ దేశాయి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B7%D3%A3_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D3%A3" title="Морарҷӣ Десаӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Морарҷӣ Десаӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%97" title="Морарджі Десаї – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морарджі Десаї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="مورار جی دیسائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مورار جی دیسائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%B5%9B" title="莫拉尔吉·德赛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莫拉尔吉·德赛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Morarji Desai" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%B5%9B" title="莫拉尔吉·德赛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莫拉尔吉·德赛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q218661#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Morarji Desai</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Morarji Desai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg/220px-Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg/330px-Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg/440px-Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2352" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Desai in 1978</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 March 1977<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1977-03-24</span>)</span> – 28 July 1979<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1979-07-28</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B._D._Jatti" title="B. D. Jatti">B. D. Jatti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a> (24 January 1979 to 16 July 1979)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li></ul></div> (from 24 January 1979)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Minister of Home Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 July 1978<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1978-07-01</span>)</span> – 24 January 1979<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1979-01-24</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 March 1967<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1967-03-13</span>)</span> – 16 July 1969<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1969-07-16</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 March 1967<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1967-03-13</span>)</span> – 16 July 1969<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1969-07-16</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Chaudhuri" title="Sachindra Chaudhuri">Sachindra Chaudhuri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 March 1958<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1958-03-13</span>)</span> – 29 August 1963<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1963-08-29</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/T._T._Krishnamachari" title="T. T. Krishnamachari">T. T. Krishnamachari</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra">Chief Minister of Bombay State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 April 1952<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1952-04-21</span>)</span> – 31 October 1956<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1956-10-31</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B._G._Kher" title="B. G. Kher">B. G. Kher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1957<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1957</span>)</span>–1980<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1980</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surat_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)">Surat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Morarji Ranchhodji Desai</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1896-02-29</span>)</span>29 February 1896<br /><a href="/wiki/Valsad_district" title="Valsad district">Bhadeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a><br /> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Valsad" title="Valsad">Valsad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 1995<span style="display:none">(1995-04-10)</span> (aged 99)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><br />(present-day Mumbai)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a><br />(1977-1988)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a><br />(1934–1969)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Indian National Congress (Organisation)</a><br />(1969–1977)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a><br />(1988–1995)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Gujraben Desai</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1911; died <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="25 October 1981">1981</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Activist</li><li>politician</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> (1991)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">Nishan-e-Pakistan</a> (1990)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Morarji_Desai_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Morarji Desai's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Morarji_Desai_signature.svg/128px-Morarji_Desai_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Morarji_Desai_signature.svg/192px-Morarji_Desai_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Morarji_Desai_signature.svg/256px-Morarji_Desai_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="143" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Morarji Ranchhodji Desai</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (29 February 1896 – 10 April 1995)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian independence activist">Indian independence activist</a> and politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> between 1977 and 1979 leading the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">government formed by the Janata Party</a>. During his long career in politics, he held many important posts in government such as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Home Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance Minister</a> and 2nd <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister of India</a>. </p><p>Following the death of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a>, Desai was a strong contender for the position of Prime Minister, only to be defeated by <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> in 1966. He was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister</a> in Indira Gandhi's cabinet, until 1969. When Indian National Congress split in 1969 he became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">INC (O)</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">controversial emergency</a> was lifted in 1977, the political parties of the opposition fought together against the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> (I), under the umbrella of the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a>, and won the <a href="/wiki/1977_Indian_general_election" title="1977 Indian general election">1977 election</a>. Desai was elected prime minister, and became the first non-Congress prime minister of India. Desai was the second and the last prime minister to have been born in the nineteenth century. </p><p>On the international scene, Desai holds international fame for his <a href="/wiki/Peace_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace activist">peace activism</a> and created efforts to initiate peace between India and rival <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After India's first <a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">nuclear test in 1974</a>, Desai helped restore friendly <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">relations with China</a> and Pakistan, and vowed to avoid armed conflict such as the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1971">Indo-Pakistani war of 1971</a>. He was honoured with the highest civilian award of Pakistan, the <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">Nishan-e-Pakistan</a> on 19 May 1990. </p><p>He is the oldest person to hold the office of prime minister, at the age of 81, in the history of Indian politics.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subsequently retired from all political posts, but continued to campaign for the Janata Party in <a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">1980</a>. He was conferred with India's highest civilian honour, the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a>. He died at the age of 99 in 1995. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth">Birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Morarji Desai was born into a <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati</a> <a href="/wiki/Anavil_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anavil Brahmin">Anavil Brahmin</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father's name was Ranchhodji Nagarji Desai and his mother's name was Vajiaben Desai. He was born in Bhadeli village, <a href="/wiki/Valsad_district" title="Valsad district">Bulsar district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Valsad_district,_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Valsad district, Gujarat">Valsad district, Gujarat</a>, India) on 29 February 1896, the eldest of eight children. His father was a school teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_education_and_early_career">School education and early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: School education and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai underwent his primary schooling in The Kundla School (now called J.V. Modi school), <a href="/wiki/Savarkundla" title="Savarkundla">Savarkundla</a> and later joined Bai Ava Bai High School, <a href="/wiki/Valsad" title="Valsad">Valsad</a>. Desai resigned as deputy collector of <a href="/wiki/Kaira" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaira">Kaira</a> in May 1930 after being found guilty of going soft on Hindus during the <a href="/wiki/Godhra" title="Godhra">Godhra</a> riots of 1927–28 there. In his letter to the Collector, Morarji stated that his resignation was a protest against the censure passed on him by Government for his conduct as Sub-Divisional Magistrate during the communal riots in Godhra in September 1928, and the intimation conveyed to him that Government considered his offence to be a serious one and one that should ordinarily entail dismissal from service.<sup id="cite_ref-ET-2013-06-10_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-2013-06-10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freedom_fighter">Freedom fighter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Freedom fighter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai then joined the freedom struggle under <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and joined the <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> movement against <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> rule in India. He spent many years in jail during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">freedom struggle</a> and owing to his sharp leadership skills and tough spirit, he became a favourite among freedom-fighters and an important leader of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> in the Gujarat region. When provincial elections were held in 1934 and <a href="/wiki/1937_Indian_provincial_elections" title="1937 Indian provincial elections">1937</a>, Desai was elected and served as the Revenue Minister and Home Minister of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_government">In government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_Minister_of_Bombay_and_Partition_into_two_state">Chief Minister of Bombay and Partition into two state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chief Minister of Bombay and Partition into two state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desai1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Desai1937.jpg/220px-Desai1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Desai1937.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Desai in 1937, as <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> Home Minister of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Before the independence of India, he became Bombay's Home Minister and was later elected Chief Minister of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay state">Bombay state</a> in 1952. It was a period when movements for linguistic states were on the rise, particularly in South India. Bombay was a bi-lingual state, home to <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati-speaking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi-speaking</a> people. Since 1956, activist organisation <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti">Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti</a> led a movement for a Marathi-speaking state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. Desai was opposed to such movements, including the <a href="/wiki/Mahagujarat_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahagujarat Movement">Mahagujarat Movement</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Indulal_Yagnik" title="Indulal Yagnik">Indulal Yagnik</a> demanding a new state of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DesaiD'Costa1994_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DesaiD'Costa1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desai proposed that the metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> be made a Union territory. His logic was that a separate development region would suit the city's cosmopolitan nature, with citizens from diverse settings across various linguistic, cultural, and religious backgrounds living there for generations. The movement led to violence across the city and state, and Desai ordered the police to open fire on the <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti">Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti</a> demonstrators who had gathered at <a href="/wiki/Flora_Fountain" title="Flora Fountain">Flora Fountain</a>. The protesters were led by <a href="/wiki/Senapati_Bapat" class="mw-redirect" title="Senapati Bapat">Senapati Bapat</a>. In the carnage that followed, 105 protesters, were killed. The issue escalated and is believed to have forced the Central Government to agree to two separate states based on language. After the formation of the present State of Maharashtra, Bombay, now <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> became its state capital. Flora Fountain was renamed "<a href="/wiki/Hutatma_Chowk" title="Hutatma Chowk">Hutatma Chowk</a>" ("Martyrs' Square" in English) to honour the people killed in the firing. Later Desai moved to Delhi when he was inducted as finance Minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nehru_cabinet">Nehru cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nehru cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai was socially conservative, pro-business, and in favour of free enterprise reforms, as opposed to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>'s socialistic policies. </p><p>Rising in Congress leadership, as a fierce nationalist with anti-corruption leanings, Desai was at odds with Prime Minister Nehru and his allies, and with Nehru's age and health failing, he was considered as a possible contender for the position of Prime Minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congress_party_leadership_contest">Congress party leadership contest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Congress party leadership contest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1964 after prime minister's Nehru's death, Desai was outflanked in the leadership contest by the Nehru's protege, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a>. Desai was invited but did not join the short lived Shastri cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-HaqqiAssociation1986_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaqqiAssociation1986-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 1966, the unexpected passing away of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri after only 18 months in power made Desai once again a contender for the top position. However, he was defeated by Nehru's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, in the Congress party leadership election by a big margin.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh1981a_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1981a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indira_Gandhi_cabinet">Indira Gandhi cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Indira Gandhi cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai served as deputy prime minister and Finance Minister of India in the Indira Gandhi government until July 1969 when Prime Minister Gandhi took the finance portfolio from him but asked him to serve as the deputy prime minister. However, to save his self-respect, Desai tendered his resignation from the Gandhi cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh1981b_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1981b-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gandhi also nationalised the fourteen largest banks in India at the same time. There was some difference of opinion between Mrs. Gandhi and Morarji Desai related to Congress candidate for Presidency in India. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_opposition">In opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Congress party split in 1969, Desai joined the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Indian National Congress (Organisation)</a> faction of the party, whereas Indira Gandhi formed a new faction called Indian National Congress (Requisitionists). Alternatively, the two factions of Desai and Indira were called Syndicate and Indicate respectively. The 1971 general elections to the Indian parliament were won by Indira Gandhi's faction in a landslide. Desai, however, was elected as a member of the Lok Sabha or lower house of Parliament. Desai went on indefinite hunger strike on 12 March 1975 to support <a href="/wiki/Nav_Nirman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav Nirman">Nav Nirman</a> movement of Gujarat.<sup id="cite_ref-avk_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avk-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, Indira Gandhi was convicted of electoral fraud by the Allahabad High Court, after opponents alleged she had used government civil servants and equipment during the campaign for the 1971 General Elections.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the subsequent Emergency rule in 1975–77, Desai and other opposition leaders were jailed by the Indira Gandhi government as part of a massive crackdown.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Janata_wave_of_1977">Janata wave of 1977</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Janata wave of 1977"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The popular anti-corruption movement led by <a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a> and the Janata-wave in 1977 led to the complete routing of the Congress party in Northern India, and a landslide victory for the opposition Janata alliance in the National elections held in March 1977. Desai was selected by the Janata alliance, later <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> as their parliamentary leader, and thus became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirchandani2003_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirchandani2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_Minister_of_India_(1977–1979)"><span id="Prime_Minister_of_India_.281977.E2.80.931979.29"></span>Prime Minister of India (1977–1979)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Prime Minister of India (1977–1979)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">Premiership of Morarji Desai</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Officials_of_India_welcome_Jimmy_Carter_and_Rosalynn_Carter_during_an_arrival_ceremony_in_New_Delhi,_India_-_NARA_-_177371.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Officials_of_India_welcome_Jimmy_Carter_and_Rosalynn_Carter_during_an_arrival_ceremony_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_NARA_-_177371.jpg/247px-Officials_of_India_welcome_Jimmy_Carter_and_Rosalynn_Carter_during_an_arrival_ceremony_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_NARA_-_177371.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Officials_of_India_welcome_Jimmy_Carter_and_Rosalynn_Carter_during_an_arrival_ceremony_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_NARA_-_177371.jpg/371px-Officials_of_India_welcome_Jimmy_Carter_and_Rosalynn_Carter_during_an_arrival_ceremony_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_NARA_-_177371.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Officials_of_India_welcome_Jimmy_Carter_and_Rosalynn_Carter_during_an_arrival_ceremony_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_NARA_-_177371.jpg/494px-Officials_of_India_welcome_Jimmy_Carter_and_Rosalynn_Carter_during_an_arrival_ceremony_in_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_NARA_-_177371.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="1995" /></a><figcaption>Desai (third from right, front row) with the US President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> during his January 1978 visit to India.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu_and_Morarji_Desai_in_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu_and_Morarji_Desai_in_Delhi.jpg/246px-Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu_and_Morarji_Desai_in_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu_and_Morarji_Desai_in_Delhi.jpg/369px-Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu_and_Morarji_Desai_in_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu_and_Morarji_Desai_in_Delhi.jpg/492px-Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu_and_Morarji_Desai_in_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption>Desai with the Romanian President <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C5%9Fescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolae Ceauşescu">Nicolae Ceauşescu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> in May 1978.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_with_Prime_Minister_of_India,_Morarji_Desai_-_NARA_-_179821.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Jimmy_Carter_with_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Morarji_Desai_-_NARA_-_179821.jpg/243px-Jimmy_Carter_with_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Morarji_Desai_-_NARA_-_179821.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Jimmy_Carter_with_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Morarji_Desai_-_NARA_-_179821.jpg/365px-Jimmy_Carter_with_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Morarji_Desai_-_NARA_-_179821.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Jimmy_Carter_with_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Morarji_Desai_-_NARA_-_179821.jpg/486px-Jimmy_Carter_with_Prime_Minister_of_India%2C_Morarji_Desai_-_NARA_-_179821.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2051" /></a><figcaption>Desai and Carter in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> in June 1978.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg/150px-Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg/225px-Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg/300px-Morarji_Desai_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Desai on Indian Postal Stamp 1996</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morarji_Desai_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Morarji_Desai_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg/150px-Morarji_Desai_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Morarji_Desai_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg/225px-Morarji_Desai_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Morarji_Desai_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg/300px-Morarji_Desai_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>Desai on Indian Postal Stamp 1997</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_Prime_Minister">As a Prime Minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: As a Prime Minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1977, Indira Gandhi advised the President dissolve the Lok Sabha, which he did, and Gandhi declared that elections to the body were to be held during March 1977. Opposition leaders were also released and promptly formed the Janata alliance to fight the elections. The alliance registered a landslide victory in the election. On the urging of <a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a>, the Janata alliance selected Desai as their parliamentary leader and thus the Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Mirchandani2003_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mirchandani2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Foreign policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai restored normal relations with China, for the first time since <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">the 1962 war</a>. He also communicated with the military ruler of Pakistan, General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> and established friendly relations. Despite his pacifist leanings, he refused to sign the non-nuclear proliferation treaty despite the threat of stopping supply of uranium for power plants by the USA Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Alam1988_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alam1988-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_programme">Nuclear programme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nuclear programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Domestically, Desai played a crucial role in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_nuclear_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian nuclear programme">Indian nuclear program</a> after it was targeted by major nuclear powers after India conducted a <a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">surprise nuclear test in 1974</a>. Desai kept India's nuclear reactors stating "they will never be used for atomic bombs, and I will see to it if I can help it".<sup id="cite_ref-The_World:_Morarji_Desai:_The_Ascetic_Activist_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World:_Morarji_Desai:_The_Ascetic_Activist-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, he reaffirmed India's stand that it would not manufacture nuclear weapons and would refrain from conducting even peaceful nuclear explosions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter administration</a> offered to sell <a href="/wiki/Heavy_water" title="Heavy water">heavy water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> to India for its nuclear reactors but required American on-site inspection of nuclear materials. Desai declined, seeing the American stance as contradictory, in light of its own nuclear arsenal.<sup id="cite_ref-Nation:_Jimmy's_Journey:_Mostly_Pluses_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nation:_Jimmy's_Journey:_Mostly_Pluses-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decimation_of_R&AW"><span id="Decimation_of_R.26AW"></span>Decimation of R&AW</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Decimation of R&AW"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai had described the <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a> (R&AW), India's external intelligence agency, as the <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Praetorian guard">praetorian guard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> and had promised to stop all activities of the R&AW after becoming prime minister. He closed down much of the agency, and reduced its budget and operations,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as closing its Information Division.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/B._Raman" title="B. Raman">B. Raman</a>, the former head of the Counter-Terrorism Division of R&AW and noted security analyst, revealed that in an informal discussion, Desai indiscreetly told Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Chief_Martial_Law_Administrator" title="Chief Martial Law Administrator">Chief Martial Law Administrator</a> General <a href="/wiki/General_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="General Zia-ul-Haq">Zia ul-Haq</a> that his government was well aware of Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_its_Nuclear_Deterrent_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan and its Nuclear Deterrent Program">nuclear development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intra-party_squabbles_and_collapse_of_Janata_government">Intra-party squabbles and collapse of Janata government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Intra-party squabbles and collapse of Janata government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His government undid many <a href="/wiki/Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">amendments made to the constitution during emergency</a> and made it more difficult for any future government to impose a national emergency. However, the Janata Party coalition was full of personal and policy friction and thus failed to achieve much, owing to continuous in-wrangling and much controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh1981c_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1981c-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With no party in leadership of the coalition, rival groups vied to unseat Desai. Controversial trials of prominent Congress leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> over Emergency-era abuses worsened the fortunes of his administration. In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Raj_Narain" title="Raj Narain">Raj Narain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Choudhary_Charan_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Choudhary Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a> pulled out of the Janata Party, forcing Desai to resign from office and retire from politics. The chief reason for the collapse was the demand by the duo and other left-leaning members, like <a href="/wiki/Madhu_Limaye" title="Madhu Limaye">Madhu Limaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krishan_Kant" title="Krishan Kant">Krishan Kant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> that no member of the Janata party could simultaneously be a member of an alternative social or political organisation. This attack on "dual membership" was directed specifically at members of the Janata Party who had been members of the <a href="/wiki/Jan_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Sangh">Jan Sangh</a>, and continued to be members of <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a>, the Jan Sangh's ideological parent.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_death">Retirement and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Retirement and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_general_election" title="1980 Indian general election">1980 General Election</a> as a senior politician but did not contest the election himself. In retirement, he lived in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>. When former French <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Antoine Pinay</a> died on 13 December 1994, Desai became the world's oldest living former head of government. He was much honoured in his last years as a freedom-fighter of his generation. On his 99th birthday, he was visited by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, and soon after began to fall ill.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was treated in a hospital in Mumbai due to low blood pressure and a chest infection. He died on 10 April 1995, aged 99, after he underwent surgery for a blood clot in his brain.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Desai was a <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moralist</a>. He was a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarians">vegetarian</a> "both by birth and by conviction."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_service">Social service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Social service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai was a Gandhian follower, social worker, institution builder and a great reformer. He was the chancellor of Gujarat Vidyapith. Even during his term as the prime minister he used to visit and stay at Vidyapith during the month of October. He lived simply and used to write post cards himself even when he held the office of Prime Minister. Sardar Patel deputed him to conduct meetings of farmers in Kaira district which finally led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Amul" title="Amul">Amul</a> Cooperative movement. During his rule, he withdrew intervention in <a href="/wiki/Public_Distribution_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Distribution System">Public Distribution System</a> and rationing shops were literally lost due to cheap sugar and oil available in the market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_honours">State honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: State honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ribbon </th> <th>Decoration </th> <th width="100px">Country </th> <th width="100px">Date </th> <th width="300px">Note </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nishan-e-Pakistan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nishan-e-Pakistan.png/100px-Nishan-e-Pakistan.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nishan-e-Pakistan.png/150px-Nishan-e-Pakistan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nishan-e-Pakistan.png/200px-Nishan-e-Pakistan.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="705" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan" title="Nishan-e-Pakistan">Nishan-e-Pakistan</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>19 May 1990 </td> <td>The highest civilian honour of Pakistan. </td> <td> <p><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg/100px-Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg/150px-Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg/200px-Bharat_Ratna_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>The highest civilian honour of India. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desai married Gujraben in 1911, at the age of 15.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gujraben lived to see her husband becoming prime minister. She died on 25 October 1981 at the age of 81.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of his five children, only three survived infancy. Desai's three surviving children were: his daughters Virumati, Indu and his son Kantilal.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virumati, who was married to Ramanlal Desai, died in early 2000s. Indu, a medical student died by suicide in 1953. Kantilal Desai, who was married to Padma Kirloskar, died in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Desai has two grandsons, through his son Kantilal; Bharat Desai and Jagdeep Desai, and one granddaughter; Varsha Desai Naik. One of Desai's great-grandsons, <a href="/wiki/Madhukeshwar_Desai" title="Madhukeshwar Desai">Madhukeshwar Desai</a> is currently the National Vice-President of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a>, the youth wing of the BJP.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madhukeshwar is married to Sneha Menon, a celebrity talkshow host. Of his great-granddaughters; Kalayani is a celebrity stylist and designer. </p><p>Desai's eldest great-grandson, Vishaal Desai is a film director and editor known for his documentary on the renowned yoga guru B.K.S. Iyengar, titled 'Yogacharya B.K.S. Iyengar: Uniting Through Yoga.' <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Desai, a <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">teetotaler</a> and longtime practitioner of '<a href="/wiki/Urine_therapy" title="Urine therapy">urine therapy</a>',<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spoke in 1978 to <a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Dan Rather</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i> about the benefits of drinking urine.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also attributed his longevity to drinking urine.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Morarji</i>, an Indian television series about the life of Desai from his days as an independence activist till his tenure as prime minister, aired on the national public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/DD_National" title="DD National">DD National</a> channel.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Films_Division_of_India" title="Films Division of India">Films Division of India</a> made <i>For Peace and Friendship</i>, a 1978 <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short</a> <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> directed by C. Ramani about Desai's campaign for nuclear disarmament.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Govind_Namdeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Govind Namdeo">Govind Namdeo</a> appeared as Desai in the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_thriller" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy thriller">conspiracy thriller</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gandhi_Murder" title="The Gandhi Murder">The Gandhi Murder</a></i>, by Karim Traïdia and Pankaj Sehgal, which explores a British abetment in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Avijit_Dutt" title="Avijit Dutt">Avijit Dutt</a> appears as Desai in <a href="/wiki/Mission_Majnu" title="Mission Majnu">Mission Majnu</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Pradhanmantri" title="Pradhanmantri">Pradhanmantri</a></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Prime Minister</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), a 2013 Indian docudrama television series which aired on <a href="/wiki/ABP_News" title="ABP News">ABP News</a> and covers the various policies and political tenures of Indian PMs, dedicated the thirteenth episode – "Story of Morarji Desai and Janata Party" – to his term as the country's leader.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/B._D._Jatti" title="B. D. Jatti">B. D. Jatti</a> as acting president 6 months.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThe_Columbia_Electronic_Encyclopedia" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_Columbia_Electronic_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia">The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Desai,+Morarji+Ranchhodji">"Desai, Morarji Ranchhodji"</a>. <i>TheFreeDictionary.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheFreeDictionary.com&rft.atitle=Desai%2C+Morarji+Ranchhodji&rft.au=The+Columbia+Electronic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com%2FDesai%2C%2BMorarji%2BRanchhodji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarpan2006" class="citation web cs1">Darpan, Pratiyogita (1 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fugDAAAAMBAJ&q=Morarji+Desai+29+feb+1896&pg=PT88">"Pratiyogita Darpan"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=Morarji+Desai%2C+the+prime+minister+for+whom+time+in+PMO+was+%27tougher+than+prison%27&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.aulast=Choudhary&rft.aufirst=Ratnadeep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Ftheprint-profile%2Fmorarji-desai-the-prime-minister-for-whom-time-in-pmo-was-tougher-than-prison%2F218716%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Limca Book of Records 1991</i>. 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Thornton</i></a>. Springer. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1349182442" title="Special:BookSources/978-1349182442"><bdi>978-1349182442</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+British+Imperial+History%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+A.P.+Thornton&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1986-06-16&rft.isbn=978-1349182442&rft.aulast=Martel&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Lavender%2C+Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBgKxCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuldip_Singh1995" class="citation news cs1">Kuldip Singh (10 April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-morarji-desai-1615165.html">"Obituary: Morarji Desai"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Morarji+Desai&rft.date=1995-04-10&rft.au=Kuldip+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-morarji-desai-1615165.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ET-2013-06-10-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ET-2013-06-10_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAjay_Umat_&_Harit_Mehta2013" class="citation news cs1">Ajay Umat & Harit Mehta (10 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/can-narendra-modi-follow-in-morarji-desais-footsteps/articleshow/20517337.cms">"Can Narendra Modi follow in Morarji Desai's footsteps?"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Can+Narendra+Modi+follow+in+Morarji+Desai%27s+footsteps%3F&rft.date=2013-06-10&rft.au=Ajay+Umat+%26+Harit+Mehta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fcan-narendra-modi-follow-in-morarji-desais-footsteps%2Farticleshow%2F20517337.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DesaiD'Costa1994-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DesaiD'Costa1994_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkshayakumar_Ramanlal_DesaiWilfred_D'Costa1994" class="citation book cs1">Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai; Wilfred D'Costa (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ubk4qXLI9AQC&pg=PR7"><i>State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat</i></a>. Popular Prakashan. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-702-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7154-702-9"><bdi>978-81-7154-702-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+Repressive+Culture%3A+A+Case+Study+of+Gujarat&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-7154-702-9&rft.au=Akshayakumar+Ramanlal+Desai&rft.au=Wilfred+D%27Costa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUbk4qXLI9AQC%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaqqiAssociation1986-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HaqqiAssociation1986_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnwarul_Haque_HaqqiIndian_Political_Science_Association1986" class="citation book cs1">Anwarul Haque Haqqi; Indian Political Science Association (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk7c6O2XlGwC&pg=PA150"><i>Indian Democracy at the Crossroads</i></a>. Mittal Publications. p. 123. GGKEY:X2U27GYQ2L1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Democracy+at+the+Crossroads&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Anwarul+Haque+Haqqi&rft.au=Indian+Political+Science+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk7c6O2XlGwC%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh1981a-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh1981a_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahendra_Prasad_Singh1981" class="citation book cs1">Mahendra Prasad Singh (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UOQRWuMXyRMC&pg=PAPR5"><i>Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-140-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-140-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-140-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Split+in+a+Predominant+Party%3A+The+Indian+National+Congress+in+1969&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-140-9&rft.au=Mahendra+Prasad+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUOQRWuMXyRMC%26pg%3DPAPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh1981b-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh1981b_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahendra_Prasad_Singh1981" class="citation book cs1">Mahendra Prasad Singh (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UOQRWuMXyRMC&pg=PAPR5"><i>Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. pp. 67–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-140-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-140-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-140-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Split+in+a+Predominant+Party%3A+The+Indian+National+Congress+in+1969&rft.pages=67-68&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-140-9&rft.au=Mahendra+Prasad+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUOQRWuMXyRMC%26pg%3DPAPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/archives/from-the-archives-july-17-1969-morarji-desai-resigns/article28491110.ece">"From the Archives (July 17, 1969): Morarji Desai resigns"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 17 July 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=From+the+Archives+%28July+17%2C+1969%29%3A+Morarji+Desai+resigns&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Farchives%2Ffrom-the-archives-july-17-1969-morarji-desai-resigns%2Farticle28491110.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/morarji-desai-saw-this-letter-from-indira-gandhi-as-a-brazen-attack-on-his-self-respect-and-resigned/372939">"Morarji Desai saw this letter from Indira Gandhi as a brazen attack on his self-respect and resigned"</a>. <i>The Print</i>. 29 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Print&rft.atitle=Morarji+Desai+saw+this+letter+from+Indira+Gandhi+as+a+brazen+attack+on+his+self-respect+and+resigned&rft.date=2020-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fpageturner%2Fexcerpt%2Fmorarji-desai-saw-this-letter-from-indira-gandhi-as-a-brazen-attack-on-his-self-respect-and-resigned%2F372939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avk-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-avk_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishna2011" class="citation book cs1">Krishna, Ananth V. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8v7Vr2iQUHkC&q=navnirman+gujarat&pg=PA120"><i>India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics</i></a>. Pearson Education India. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788131734650" title="Special:BookSources/9788131734650"><bdi>9788131734650</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Since+Independence%3A+Making+Sense+of+Indian+Politics&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9788131734650&rft.aulast=Krishna&rft.aufirst=Ananth+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8v7Vr2iQUHkC%26q%3Dnavnirman%2Bgujarat%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/indira-gandhi-convicted-of-election-fraud">"Indira Gandhi convicted of election fraud – History.com This Day in History – 6/12/1975"</a>. History.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indira+Gandhi+convicted+of+election+fraud+%E2%80%93+History.com+This+Day+in+History+%E2%80%93+6%2F12%2F1975&rft.pub=History.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Findira-gandhi-convicted-of-election-fraud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/06/26/archives/many-opponents-of-mrs-gandhi-arrested-in-india-narayan-and-desai.html">"MANY OPPONENTS OF MRS. GANDHI ARRESTED IN INDIA - 26/06/1975"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MANY+OPPONENTS+OF+MRS.+GANDHI+ARRESTED+IN+INDIA+-+26%2F06%2F1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F06%2F26%2Farchives%2Fmany-opponents-of-mrs-gandhi-arrested-in-india-narayan-and-desai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mirchandani2003-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mirchandani2003_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mirchandani2003_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG.G._Mirchandani2003" class="citation book cs1">G.G. Mirchandani (June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5xj0g8euumQC&pg=PA11"><i>320 Million Judges</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. pp. 177–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-061-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-061-7"><bdi>978-81-7017-061-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=320+Million+Judges&rft.pages=177-178&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2003-06&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-061-7&rft.au=G.G.+Mirchandani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5xj0g8euumQC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Prasad, Ravi Visvesvaraya Sharada (22 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openthemagazine.com/columns/morarji-desai-outwitted-jagjivan-ram-charan-singh/">"How Morarji Desai outwitted Jagjivan Ram and Charan Singh"</a>. <i>Open The Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+The+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Morarji+Desai+outwitted+Jagjivan+Ram+and+Charan+Singh&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Ravi+Visvesvaraya+Sharada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenthemagazine.com%2Fcolumns%2Fmorarji-desai-outwitted-jagjivan-ram-charan-singh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alam1988-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alam1988_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Badrul_Alam1988" class="citation book cs1">Mohammed Badrul Alam (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RM5LtfsT3z8C&pg=PR7"><i>India's Nuclear Policy</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. 34–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-079-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-079-6"><bdi>978-81-7099-079-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Nuclear+Policy&rft.pages=34-35&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-079-6&rft.au=Mohammed+Badrul+Alam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRM5LtfsT3z8C%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_World:_Morarji_Desai:_The_Ascetic_Activist-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_World:_Morarji_Desai:_The_Ascetic_Activist_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001014914/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947858-2,00.html">"The World: Morarji Desai: The Ascetic Activist"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 4 April 1977. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+World%3A+Morarji+Desai%3A+The+Ascetic+Activist&rft.date=1977-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C947858-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-moraji-desai-holds-talks-with-carter/article6446146.ece">"PM Moraji Desai holds talks with Carter (From The Hindu's archives: 14.06.1978)"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 26 September 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=PM+Moraji+Desai+holds+talks+with+Carter+%28From+The+Hindu%27s+archives%3A+14.06.1978%29&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fpm-moraji-desai-holds-talks-with-carter%2Farticle6446146.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nation:_Jimmy's_Journey:_Mostly_Pluses-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nation:_Jimmy's_Journey:_Mostly_Pluses_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001014935/https://time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919248-3,00.html">"Nation: Jimmy's Journey: Mostly Pluses"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 16 January 1978. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919248-3,00.html">the original</a> on 1 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Nation%3A+Jimmy%27s+Journey%3A+Mostly+Pluses&rft.date=1978-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C919248-3%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2017" class="citation journal cs1">Shaffer, Ryan (2017). "Significant Distrust and Drastic Cuts: The Indian Government's Uneasy Relationship with Intelligence". <i>International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence</i>. <b>30</b> (3): 522–531. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08850607.2017.1263529">10.1080/08850607.2017.1263529</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157714194">157714194</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Intelligence+and+CounterIntelligence&rft.atitle=Significant+Distrust+and+Drastic+Cuts%3A+The+Indian+Government%27s+Uneasy+Relationship+with+Intelligence&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=522-531&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08850607.2017.1263529&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157714194%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2018" class="citation journal cs1">Shaffer, Ryan (2018). 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Rudolph, <i>In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State</i> (1987), University of Chicago Press, pp 457–459.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1995/04/11/morarji-desai-dies-at-age-99/ef130273-ac56-41b0-acf6-34409ef2ce81/">"Morarji Desai Dies at age 99"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Westland. p. Morarji Desai Section Page 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788189975548" title="Special:BookSources/9788189975548"><bdi>9788189975548</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Soma brought up-to-date. <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>, 99(1), pp.100-105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1995" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Kuldip (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-morarji-desai-1615165.html">"OBITUARY: Morarji Desai"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 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Lancer Publishers LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935501-48-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935501-48-0"><bdi>978-1-935501-48-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kaoboys+of+R%26AW%3A+Down+Memory+Lane&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers+LLC&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-935501-48-0&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnsBerwgsf38C%26q%3DKaoboys%2Bof%2BR%2526AW%3A%2BDown%2BMemory%2BLane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoordarshan_National2019" class="citation cs2">Doordarshan National (28 June 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/Mgzp-TC28do"><i>Morarji (मोरारजी) : EP #01</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mgzp-TC28do">the original</a> on 30 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morarji+%28%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%29+%3A+EP+%2301&rft.date=2019-06-28&rft.au=Doordarshan+National&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMgzp-TC28do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmsdivision.org/shop/for-peace-and-friendship">"FOR PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP | Films Division"</a>. <i>filmsdivision.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ABP News. 6 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMTXTPAvfxk">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pradhanmantri+%E2%80%93+Episode+13%3A+India+after+emergency%2C+Janata+Party+wins+general+election&rft.pub=ABP+News&rft.date=2013-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DQMTXTPAvfxk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMorarji+Desai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morarji_Desai&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Morarji Desai</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Morarji_Desai" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Morarji Desai">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai" class="extiw" title="q:Morarji Desai">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218661" class="extiw" title="d:Q218661">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1531487/">Morarji Desai</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1215A">Works by Morarji Desai</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218661#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />1958–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T._T._Krishnamachari" title="T. T. Krishnamachari">Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachari</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister of India</a> </b><br />1967–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Chaudhuri" title="Sachindra Chaudhuri">Sachindra Chaudhuri</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />1967–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> </b><br />1977–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning Commission</a> </b><br />1977–1979 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Home_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Home Affairs (India)">Minister of Home Affairs</a> </b><br />1978–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/B._G._Kher" title="B. G. Kher">B. G. Kher</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chief Minister of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a> </b><br />1952–1957 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Records </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Antoine Pinay</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_living_state_leaders" title="List of oldest living state leaders">Oldest living state leader</a> </b><br />13 December 1994 – 10 April 1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Banda" title="Hastings Banda">Hastings Banda</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Templates_related_to_Morarji_Desai" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Templates_related_to_Morarji_Desai" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Templates related to Morarji Desai</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Minister_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Premiership of Lal Bahadur Shastri">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Morarji_Desai" title="Premiership of Morarji Desai">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_V._P._Singh" title="Premiership of V. P. Singh">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Incumbent)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">Premiership</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/31px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/63px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of things named after prime ministers of India">Things named after prime ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of things named after Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="List of things named after Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,_Lok_Kalyan_Marg" title="7, Lok Kalyan Marg">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">International trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Indira_Gandhi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Indira Gandhi">Indira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Narendra_Modi" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_prime_minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the prime minister of India">Spouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of children of prime ministers of India">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of nicknames of prime ministers of India">Nicknames</a></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)#Department_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Economic Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic Division: <a href="/wiki/Economic_survey_of_India" title="Economic survey of India">Economic Survey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Budget Division: <a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Union budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Expenditure" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Expenditure">Expenditure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pay_Commission" title="Pay Commission">Pay Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Central_Pay_Commission_(CPC)_and_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces">7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Central_Pay_Commission" title="Sixth Central Pay Commission">Sixth Central Pay Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Revenue_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Revenue (India)">Revenue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_Tax_Department" title="Income Tax Department">Income Tax Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Indirect_Taxes_and_Customs" title="Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs">Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)#Department_of_Financial_Services" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Financial Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Investment_and_Public_Asset_Management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (page does not exist)">DIPAM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_in_India" title="Disinvestment in India">Disinvestment in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_of_Public_Sector_Units_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India">Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Enterprises" title="Department of Public Enterprises">DPE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efficient_monitoring_of_the_capital_expenditure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efficient monitoring of the capital expenditure (page does not exist)">Efficient monitoring of the capital expenditure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asset_monetisation_and_financial_health_of_the_Central_Public_Sector_Enterprises_(CPSEs)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asset monetisation and financial health of the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) (page does not exist)">Asset monetisation and financial health of the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Mehrishi" title="Rajiv Mehrishi">Rajiv Mehrishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Garg" title="Subhash Chandra Garg">Subhash Chandra Garg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanu_Chakraborty" title="Atanu Chakraborty">Atanu Chakraborty</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revenue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Bhushan_Pandey" title="Ajay Bhushan Pandey">Ajay Bhushan Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmukh_Adhia" title="Hasmukh Adhia">Hasmukh Adhia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratan_P._Watal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratan P. Watal (page does not exist)">Ratan P. Watal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Lavasa" title="Ashok Lavasa">Ashok Lavasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmukh_Adhia" title="Hasmukh Adhia">Hasmukh Adhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Narayan_Jha" title="Ajay Narayan Jha">Ajay Narayan Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Kumar_(economist)" title="Rajiv Kumar (economist)">Rajiv Kumar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Shanmukham_Chetty" title="R. K. Shanmukham Chetty">R. K. Shanmukham Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathai" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mathai">John Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._T._Krishnamachari" title="T. T. Krishnamachari">T. T. Krishnamachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Chaudhuri" title="Sachindra Chaudhuri">Sachindra Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemwati_Nandan_Bahuguna" title="Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna">Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State <br /> for Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Sinha" title="Jayant Sinha">Jayant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pon_Radhakrishnan" title="Pon Radhakrishnan">Pon Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwat_Karad" title="Bhagwat Karad">Bhagwat Karad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Chaudhary" title="Pankaj Chaudhary">Pankaj Chaudhary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Economic_Advisor_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India">Chief Economic<br />Advisor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JJ_Anjaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JJ Anjaria (page does not exist)">JJ Anjaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="IG Patel">IG Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="IG Patel">IG Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VK_Ramaswamy_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VK Ramaswamy (economist) (page does not exist)">VK Ramaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mitra" title="Ashok Mitra">Ashok Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RM_Honavar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RM Honavar (page does not exist)">RM Honavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimal_Jalan" title="Bimal Jalan">Bimal Jalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Desai" title="Nitin Desai">Nitin Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Nayyar" title="Deepak Nayyar">Deepak Nayyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Acharya" title="Shankar Acharya">Shankar Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Mohan" title="Rakesh Mohan">Rakesh Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_K_Lahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashok K Lahiri">Ashok K Lahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Virmani" title="Arvind Virmani">Arvind Virmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushik_Basu" title="Kaushik Basu">Kaushik Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuram_Rajan" title="Raghuram Rajan">Raghuram Rajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Subramanian" title="Arvind Subramanian">Arvind Subramanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnamurthy_Subramanian" title="Krishnamurthy Subramanian">Krishnamurthy Subramanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Anantha_Nageswaran" title="V. Anantha Nageswaran">V. Anantha Nageswaran</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commissions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Finance_Commission" title="First Finance Commission">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Finance_Commission" title="Second Finance Commission">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Finance_Commission" title="Third Finance Commission">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Finance_Commission" title="Fourth Finance Commission">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Finance_Commission" title="Fifth Finance Commission">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Finance_Commission" title="Sixth Finance Commission">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Finance_Commission" title="Seventh Finance Commission">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Finance_Commission" title="Eighth Finance Commission">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Finance_Commission" title="Ninth Finance Commission">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Finance_Commission" title="Tenth Finance Commission">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Finance_Commission" title="Eleventh Finance Commission">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Finance_Commission" title="Twelfth Finance Commission">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Thirteenth Finance Commission">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Fourteenth Finance Commission">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Fifteenth Finance Commission">15th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Ministry_(India)" title="Template:Home Ministry (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Ministry_(India)" title="Template talk:Home Ministry (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Ministry_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Ministry (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department of Internal Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard</a></li> <li>National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" title="National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Defence_College" title="National Civil Defence College">National Civil Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Crime_Investigation_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Crime Investigation Bureau (page does not exist)">National Crime Investigation Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Council" title="North Eastern Council">North Eastern Council</a></li> <li>North Eastern Police Academy</li> <li>Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_National_Police_Academy" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Rifles" title="Rashtriya Rifles">Rashtriya Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department of Official Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Central Translation Bureau</li> <li>Central Hindi Training Institute</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Guards">National Security Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Security_Corps" title="Defence Security Corps">Defence Security Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bureaus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Immigration_(India)" title="Bureau of Immigration (India)">Bureau of Immigration (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" title="National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Crime_Investigation_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Crime Investigation Bureau (page does not exist)">National Crime Investigation Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Department of Jammu and Kashmir Affairs</li> <li>Department of Home</li> <li>Department of States</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._N._Banerjee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. N. Banerjee (page does not exist)">R. N. Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._R._Iyengar" class="mw-redirect" title="H. V. R. Iyengar">H. V. R. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._V._Pai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. V. Pai (page does not exist)">A. V. Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B._N._Jha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B. N. Jha (page does not exist)">B. N. Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V._Vishwanathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V. Vishwanathan (page does not exist)">V. Vishwanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._P._Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="L. P. Singh">L. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Narain" title="Govind Narain">Govind Narain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N._K._Mukherjee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. K. Mukherjee (page does not exist)">N. K. Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._L._Khurana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. L. Khurana (page does not exist)">S. L. Khurana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._C._A._Srinivasavaradan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. C. A. Srinivasavaradan (page does not exist)">T. C. A. Srinivasavaradan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._H._Burney" title="S. M. H. Burney">S. M. H. Burney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Chaturvedi" title="T. N. Chaturvedi">T. N. Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._M._K._Wali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. M. K. Wali (page does not exist)">M. M. K. Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Kumar_(politician)" title="Prem Kumar (politician)">Prem Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._D._Pradhan" title="R. D. Pradhan">R. D. Pradhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._G._Somiah" title="C. G. Somiah">C. G. Somiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._A._Kalyankrishnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. A. Kalyankrishnan (page does not exist)">J. A. Kalyankrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiromani_Sharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiromani Sharma (page does not exist)">Shiromani Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naresh_Chandra" title="Naresh Chandra">Naresh Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._K._Bhargava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. K. Bhargava (page does not exist)">R. K. Bhargava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhav_Godbole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhav Godbole (page does not exist)">Madhav Godbole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._N._Vohra" class="mw-redirect" title="N. N. Vohra">N. N. Vohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Padmanabhaiah" title="K. Padmanabhaiah">K. Padmanabhaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmiki_Prasad_Singh" title="Balmiki Prasad Singh">Balmiki Prasad Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamal_Pande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamal Pande (page does not exist)">Kamal Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswami" title="N. Gopalaswami">N. Gopalaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Baijal" title="Anil Baijal">Anil Baijal</a></li> <li>Dhirendra Singh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Kumar_Duggal" title="Vinod Kumar Duggal">Vinod Kumar Duggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Pillai" title="Gopal Krishna Pillai">Gopal Krishna Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Singh" title="R. K. Singh">R. K. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Goswami" title="Anil Goswami">Anil Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._C._Goyal" title="L. C. Goyal">L. C. Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Mehrishi" title="Rajiv Mehrishi">Rajiv Mehrishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kumar_Bhalla" title="Ajay Kumar Bhalla">Ajay Kumar Bhalla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Nath_Katju" title="Kailash Nath Katju">Kailash Nath Katju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Chandra_Sethi" title="Prakash Chandra Sethi">Prakash Chandra Sethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti_Mohammad_Sayeed" title="Mufti Mohammad Sayeed">Mufti Mohammad Sayeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Deve_Gowda" title="H. D. Deve Gowda">H. D. Deve Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrajit_Gupta" title="Indrajit Gupta">Indrajit Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivraj_Patil" title="Shivraj Patil">Shivraj Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushilkumar_Shinde" title="Sushilkumar Shinde">Sushilkumar Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State <br /> for Home Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratanjit_Pratap_Narain_Singh" title="Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh">Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Kishan_Reddy" title="G. Kishan Reddy">G. Kishan Reddy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_Ministries_and_Departments_of_India" title="Template:Energy Ministries and Departments of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_Ministries_and_Departments_of_India" title="Template talk:Energy Ministries and Departments of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_Ministries_and_Departments_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy Ministries and Departments of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Energy_ministries_and_departments_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Energy ministries and departments of India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Authority_(India)" title="Central Electricity Authority (India)">Central Electricity Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Regulatory_Commission" title="Central Electricity Regulatory Commission">Central Electricity Regulatory Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Energy_Efficiency" title="Bureau of Energy Efficiency">Bureau of Energy Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodar_Valley_Corporation" title="Damodar Valley Corporation">Damodar Valley Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Power_Research_Institute" title="Central Power Research Institute">Central Power Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Power_Training_Institute" title="National Power Training Institute">National Power Training Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTPC_Limited" title="NTPC Limited">NTPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHPC_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="NHPC Limited">NHPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Electric_Power_Corporation_Limited" title="North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited">North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Finance_Corporation" title="Power Finance Corporation">Power Finance Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REC_Limited" title="REC Limited">REC Limited</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India" title="Power Grid Corporation of India">Power Grid Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THDC_India_Limited" title="THDC India Limited">THDC India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_System_Operation_Corporation" title="Power System Operation Corporation">Power System Operation Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">New and<br /> Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Energy_Corporation_of_India" title="Solar Energy Corporation of India">Solar Energy Corporation of India</a> (SECI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Ministry of Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_India" title="Coal India">Coal India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Coking_Coal" title="Bharat Coking Coal">Bharat Coking Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mine_Planning_and_Design_Institute" title="Central Mine Planning and Design Institute">Central Mine Planning and Design Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLC_India_Limited" title="NLC India Limited">NLC India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singareni_Collieries_Company" title="Singareni Collieries Company">Singareni Collieries Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation">Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and<br />Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Petroleum_and_Energy" title="Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy">Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Institute_of_Petroleum_Technology" title="Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology">Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Deendayal_Energy_University" title="Pandit Deendayal Energy University">Pandit Deendayal Energy University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Hydrocarbons" title="Directorate General of Hydrocarbons">Directorate General of Hydrocarbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Industry_Safety_Directorate" title="Oil Industry Safety Directorate">Oil Industry Safety Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Conservation_Research_Association" title="Petroleum Conservation Research Association">Petroleum Conservation Research Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmer_Lawrie" title="Balmer Lawrie">Balmer Lawrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited">Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineers_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers India Limited">Engineers India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Authority_of_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas Authority of India Limited">Gas Authority of India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numaligarh_Refinery_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Numaligarh Refinery Limited">Numaligarh Refinery Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_India" title="Oil India">Oil India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporation" title="Oil and Natural Gas Corporation">Oil and Natural Gas Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biecco_Lawrie" title="Biecco Lawrie">Biecco Lawrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Petroleum_Reserve_(India)" title="Strategic Petroleum Reserve (India)">Strategic Petroleum Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of<br />Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apex board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Commission_of_India" title="Atomic Energy Commission of India">Atomic Energy Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Regulatory_Board" title="Atomic Energy Regulatory Board">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R&D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Minerals_Directorate_for_Exploration_and_Research" title="Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research">Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Centre_for_Atomic_Research" title="Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research">Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna_Centre_for_Advanced_Technology" title="Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology">Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_Energy_Cyclotron_Centre" title="Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre">Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Centre_for_Nuclear_Energy_Partnership" title="Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership">Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics Corporation of India">Electronics Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rare Earths Limited">Indian Rare Earths Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Corporation_of_India" title="Uranium Corporation of India">Uranium Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India">Nuclear Power Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHAVINI" title="BHAVINI">Bharatiya Nabhkiya Vidyut Nigam Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_Water_Board" title="Heavy Water Board">Heavy Water Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Fuel_Complex" title="Nuclear Fuel Complex">Nuclear Fuel Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Radiation_and_Isotope_Technology" title="Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology">Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar">National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Board_for_Higher_Mathematics" title="National Board for Higher Mathematics">National Board for Higher Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Education_Society" title="Atomic Energy Education Society">Atomic Energy Education Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Memorial_Centre" title="Tata Memorial Centre">Tata Memorial Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences">Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saha_Institute_of_Nuclear_Physics" title="Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics">Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics,_Bhubaneswar" title="Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar">Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish-Chandra_Research_Institute" title="Harish-Chandra Research Institute">Harish-Chandra Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences,_Chennai" title="Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai">Institute of Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Plasma_Research" title="Institute for Plasma Research">Institute for Plasma Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Template:Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department<br />of<br />Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative & General Division</li> <li>Finance Division</li> <li>Economic Division</li> <li>Trade Policy Division</li> <li>Foreign Trade</li> <li>Territorial Division</li> <li>Plantation Division</li> <li>Supply Division</li> <li>State Trading & Infrastructure Division</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attached &<br />Subordinate Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Foreign_Trade" title="Directorate General of Foreign Trade">Directorate General of Foreign Trade</a></li> <li>Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D)</li> <li>Directorate General of Anti-Dumping & Allied Duties (DGAD)</li> <li>Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Kolkata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_economic_zones_in_India" title="List of special economic zones in India">Special Economic Zones</a></li> <li>Pay & Account Office (Supply, Commerce & Textiles)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commodity Boards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_and_Processed_Food_Products_Export_Development_Authority" title="Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority">Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority</a></li> <li>Export Inspection Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Foreign_Trade" title="Indian Institute of Foreign Trade">Indian Institute of Foreign Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Packaging" title="Indian Institute of Packaging">Indian Institute of Packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Products_Export_Development_Authority" title="Marine Products Export Development Authority">Marine Products Export Development Authority</a> <ul><li>National Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (NaCSA)</li> <li>Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA)</li> <li>Network for Fish Quality Management & Sustainable Fishing (NETFISH)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>State Trading Corporation (STC)</li> <li>PEC Limited</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMTC_Ltd" title="MMTC Ltd">MMTC Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export_Credit_Guarantee_Corporation_of_India" title="Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India">Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Trade_Promotion_Organisation" title="India Trade Promotion Organisation">India Trade Promotion Organisation</a></li> <li>Pay & Account Office (Supply, Commerce & Textiles)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Board of Trade (BOT)</li> <li>Inter State Trade Council</li> <li>Council for Trade Development & Promotion</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Export_Promotion_Organisations_in_India" title="List of Export Promotion Organisations in India">Export<br />Promotion Councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_Exports_Promotion_Council" title="Engineering Exports Promotion Council">Engineering Exports Promotion Council</a></li> <li>Project Export Promotion Council of India (PEPC)</li> <li>Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Export Promotion Council (Chemexcil)</li> <li>Chemicals & Allied Products Export Promotion Council (CAPEXIL)</li> <li>Council for Leather Exports</li> <li>Sports Goods Export Promotion Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gem_and_Jewellery_Export_Promotion_Council" title="Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council">Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council</a></li> <li>Shellac Export Promotion Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_Export_Promotion_Council_of_India" title="Cashew Export Promotion Council of India">Cashew Export Promotion Council of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_Export_Promotion_Council" title="Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council">Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council</a></li> <li>The Plastics Export Promotion Council</li> <li>Indian Oil Seeds & Produce Export Promotion Council (IOPEPC)</li> <li>Services Export Promotion Council</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Indian_Export_Organisations" title="Federation of Indian Export Organisations">Federation of Indian Export Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Diamond_Institute" title="Indian Diamond Institute">Indian Diamond Institute</a></li> <li>Footwear Design & Development Institute (FDDI)</li> <li>National Centre for Trade Information</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Brand_Equity_Foundation" title="India Brand Equity Foundation">India Brand Equity Foundation</a></li> <li>Price Stabilization Fund Trust</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Promotion_of_Industry_and_Internal_Trade" title="Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade">DPIIT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Intellectual Property Appellate Board</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_and_Explosives_Safety_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation">Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation</a></li> <li>Copyright Office</li> <li>Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-Design Registry</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Council for Cement & Building Materials (NCCBM)</li> <li>Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association (IRMRA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design" title="National Institute of Design">National Institute of Design</a></li> <li>National Productivity Council (NPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Council_of_India" title="Quality Council of India">Quality Council of India</a></li> <li>Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI)</li> <li>Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute (CPPRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attached &<br />Subordinate offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Grievance Offices</li> <li>Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks</li> <li>Office of Chief Controller of Accounts (Disclosure of Central Government Accounting Data) <ul><li>Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Intellectual Property Management (NIIPM)</li></ul></li> <li>Principal Account Office</li> <li>Office of Technical Adviser (Boilers)</li> <li>Tariff Commission</li> <li>Office of the Salt Commissioner</li> <li>Office of the Economic Adviser</li> <li>National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council</li> <li>Office of Chief Controller of Accounts</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guruprasad Mohapatra<span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harekrushna_Mahtab" class="mw-redirect" title="Harekrushna Mahtab">Harekrushna Mahtab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Kanungo" title="Nityanand Kanungo">Nityanand Kanungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Subhag_Singh" title="Ram Subhag Singh">Ram Subhag Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._Dasappa" title="H. C. Dasappa">H. C. Dasappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvan_Narain_Singh" title="Tribhuvan Narain Singh">Tribhuvan Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damodaram_Sanjivayya" title="Damodaram Sanjivayya">Damodaram Sanjivayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="F. A. Ahmed">F. A. Ahmed</a><i>(Industrial Development)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a> <i>(Industrial Development & Internal Trade)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moinul_Hoque_Choudhury" title="Moinul Hoque Choudhury">Moinul Hoque Choudhury</a><i>(Industrial Development)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Subramaniam" class="mw-redirect" title="C Subramaniam">C Subramaniam</a><i>(Industrial Development)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._A._Pai" title="T. A. Pai">T. A. Pai</a><i>(Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Lal_Verma" class="mw-redirect" title="Brij Lal Verma">Brij Lal Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._A._Pai" title="T. A. Pai">T. A. Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotla_Vijay_Bhaskar_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy">Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerendra_Patil" title="Veerendra Patil">Veerendra Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Vengala_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Vengala Rao">J. Vengala Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Karunakaran" title="K. Karunakaran">K. Karunakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murasoli_Maran" title="Murasoli Maran">Murasoli Maran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Bakht" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Bakht">Sikandar Bakht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I._I._Chundrigar" title="I. I. Chundrigar">I. I. Chundrigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooverji_Hormusji_Bhabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooverji Hormusji Bhabha">Cooverji Hormusji Bhabha</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshitish_Chandra_Neogy" title="Kshitish Chandra Neogy">Kshitish Chandra Neogy</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Prakasa" title="Sri Prakasa">Sri Prakasa</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harekrushna_Mahtab" class="mw-redirect" title="Harekrushna Mahtab">Harekrushna Mahtab</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_T_Krishnamachari" class="mw-redirect" title="T T Krishnamachari">T T Krishnamachari</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KC_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="KC Reddy">KC Reddy</a> <i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manubhai_Shah" title="Manubhai Shah">Manubhai Shah</a> <i>(As MoS till 24 January 1966)</i>(Commerce)'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Ram_Bhagat" title="Bali Ram Bhagat">Bali Ram Bhagat</a><i>(Foreign Trade & Supply)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalit_Narayan_Mishra" title="Lalit Narayan Mishra">Lalit Narayan Mishra</a><i>(MoS)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._P._Chattopadhyay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. P. Chattopadhyay (page does not exist)">D. P. Chattopadhyay</a><i>(Commerce)</i>(as MoS till 23 December 1976)'</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Dharia" title="Mohan Dharia">Mohan Dharia</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitendra_Desai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitendra Desai">Hitendra Desai</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(politician,_born_1930)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Shiv_Shankar" class="mw-redirect" title="P Shiv Shankar">P Shiv Shankar</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Chidambaram" class="mw-redirect" title="P Chidambaram">P Chidambaram</a><i>(MoS, IC)</i> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Chidambaram" class="mw-redirect" title="P Chidambaram">P Chidambaram</a> <i>(MoS, IC)</i> <i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Prasad_Yadav" title="Devendra Prasad Yadav">Devendra Prasad Yadav</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolla_Bulli_Ramaiah" title="Bolla Bulli Ramaiah">Bolla Bulli Ramaiah</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Hegde" title="Ramakrishna Hegde">Ramakrishna Hegde</a><i>(Commerce)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murasoli_Maran" title="Murasoli Maran">Murasoli Maran</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sharma" title="Anand Sharma">Anand Sharma</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)'</i>(MoS, IC)'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Prabhu" title="Suresh Prabhu">Suresh Prabhu</a><i>(Commerce & Industry)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a><i>(Commerce and Industry)</i><span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a><span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Template:Ministry of Communications (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Communications (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Communications (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Ministry of Communications (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunications" title="Department of Telecommunications">Department of Telecommunications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Disputes_Settlement_and_Appellate_Tribunal" title="Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal">Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal</a> (TDSAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_India" title="Telecom Regulatory Authority of India">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</a> (TRAI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attached Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA)</li> <li>Director General Telecom (DGT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_Engineering_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication Engineering Center">Telecommunication Engineering Center</a> (TEC)</li> <li>Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subordinate Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Centre for Communication Security (NCCS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Monitoring_Organisation" title="Wireless Monitoring Organisation">Wireless Monitoring Organisation</a> (WMO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Field Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Controller of Communication Accounts (CCA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Development_of_Telematics" title="Centre for Development of Telematics">Centre for Development of Telematics</a> (C-DOT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Training Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Telecommunications Institute for Policy Research Innovation Training (NTIPRIT)</li> <li>National Institute of Communication Finance (NICF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Telecom_Technology_and_Management" title="Centre for Excellence in Telecom Technology and Management">Centre for Excellence in Telecom Technology and Management</a></li> <li>Digital Communications Commission</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Enforcement_Resource_and_Monitoring" title="Telecom Enforcement Resource and Monitoring">Telecom Enforcement Resource and Monitoring</a> (TERM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_Advisory_Committees" title="Telephone Advisory Committees">Telephone Advisory Committees</a> (TAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Planning_%26_Coordination_Wing" title="Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing">Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing</a> (WPC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Broadband_Network" title="Bharat Broadband Network">Bharat Broadband Network Limited</a> (BBNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Limited" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited</a> (BSNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Telephone_Industries_Limited" title="Indian Telephone Industries Limited">Indian Telephone Industries Limited</a> (ITI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanagar_Telephone_Nigam_Limited" title="Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited">Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited</a> (MTNL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Consultants_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications Consultants India Limited">Telecommunications Consultants India Limited</a> (TCIL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Telecommunication_Service" title="Indian Telecommunication Service">Indian Telecommunication Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Radio_Regulatory_Service" title="Indian Radio Regulatory Service">Indian Radio Regulatory Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Department of Posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Postal_Service_(India)" title="Army Postal Service (India)">Army Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Post" title="India Post">India Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Post_Payments_Bank" title="India Post Payments Bank">India Post Payments Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Telegraph_Act,_1885" title="Indian Telegraph Act, 1885">The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885</a></li> <li>The Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1940</li> <li>The Indian Post Office Act, 1898</li> <li>The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Kaur" title="Amrit Kaur">Amrit Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bahadur" title="Raj Bahadur">Raj Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Patil" title="S. K. Patil">S. K. Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Subbarayan" title="P. Subbarayan">P. Subbarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoke_Kumar_Sen" title="Ashoke Kumar Sen">Ashoke Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satya Narayan Sinha">Satya Narayan Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Subhag_Singh" title="Ram Subhag Singh">Ram Subhag Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemvati_Nandan_Bahuguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna">Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasu_Brahmananda_Reddy" title="Kasu Brahmananda Reddy">Kasu Brahmananda Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Lal_Varma" title="Brij Lal Varma">Brij Lal Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Mishra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shyam Nandan Mishra">Shyam Nandan Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishma_Narain_Singh" title="Bhishma Narain Singh">Bhishma Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._M._Stephen" title="C. M. Stephen">C. M. Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anant_Prasad_Sharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Anant Prasad Sharma">Anant Prasad Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._N._Gadgil" class="mw-redirect" title="V. N. Gadgil">V. N. Gadgil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Singh_(politician,_born_1962)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arjun Singh (politician, born 1962)">Arjun Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Sathe" title="Vasant Sathe">Vasant Sathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Bahadur_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir Bahadur Singh">Bir Bahadur Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Unnikrishnan" title="K. P. Unnikrishnan">K. P. Unnikrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Prasad_Verma" title="Beni Prasad Verma">Beni Prasad Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Singh" title="Buta Singh">Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan" title="Jagmohan">Jagmohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Mahajan" title="Pramod Mahajan">Pramod Mahajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayanidhi_Maran" title="Dayanidhi Maran">Dayanidhi Maran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Raja" title="A. Raja">A. Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapil_Sibal" title="Kapil Sibal">Kapil Sibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_Prasad" title="Ravi Shankar Prasad">Ravi Shankar Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Sinha" title="Manoj Sinha">Manoj Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Shamrao_Dhotre" title="Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre">Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devusinh_Jesingbhai_Chauhan" title="Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan">Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Preceding Ministry:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Ministry of Communications and Information Technology</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Bharat_Ratna_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bharat_Ratna" title="Template:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bharat_Ratna" title="Template talk:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bharat_Ratna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Bharat_Ratna_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> Award</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1954–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Das" title="Bhagwan Das">Bhagwan Das</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Visvesvaraya" title="M. Visvesvaraya">M. Visvesvaraya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a> (1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Vaman_Kane" title="Pandurang Vaman Kane">Pandurang Vaman Kane</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a>, and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._R._D._Tata" title="J. R. D. Tata">J. R. D. Tata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruna_Asaf_Ali" title="Aruna Asaf Ali">Aruna Asaf Ali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C._Subramaniam" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Subramaniam">C. Subramaniam</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Bordoloi" title="Gopinath Bordoloi">Gopinath Bordoloi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">C. N. R. Rao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhupen_Hazarika" title="Bhupen Hazarika">Bhupen Hazarika</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–2040</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karpoori_Thakur" title="Karpoori Thakur">Karpoori Thakur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_The_Emergency_of_1975–1977" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Emergency_(India)" title="Template:The Emergency (India)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Emergency_(India)" title="Template talk:The Emergency (India)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Emergency_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Emergency (India)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_The_Emergency_of_1975–1977" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency of 1975–1977</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh_(Sinha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basawon Singh (Sinha)">Basawon Singh (Sinha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansi_Lal" title="Bansi Lal">Bansi Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Achutha_Menon" title="C. Achutha Menon">C. Achutha Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devakanta_Barua" class="mw-redirect" title="Devakanta Barua">Devakanta Barua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_Ali_Ahmed" title="Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed">Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Raj_Khanna" title="Hans Raj Khanna">Hans Raj Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harchand_Singh_Longowal" title="Harchand Singh Longowal">Harchand Singh Longowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemvati_Nandan_Bahuguna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna">H. N. Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan" title="Jagmohan">Jagmohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohanlal_Sinha" title="Jagmohanlal Sinha">Jagmohanlal Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivatram_Kripalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jivatram Kripalani">Jivatram Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Karunakaran" title="K. Karunakaran">K. Karunakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niren_De" title="Niren De">Niren De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Narain" title="Raj Narain">Raj Narain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi" title="Sanjay Gandhi">Sanjay Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Shankar_Ray" title="Siddhartha Shankar Ray">Siddhartha Shankar Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramanian_Swamy" title="Subramanian Swamy">Subramanian Swamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Lok_Dal" title="Bharatiya Lok Dal">Bharatiya Lok Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidar_Kazhagam" title="Dravidar Kazhagam">Dravidar Kazhagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Indian National Congress (Organisation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(R)" title="Indian National Congress (R)">Indian National Congress (R)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Morcha" title="Janata Morcha">Janata Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Union_for_Civil_Liberties" title="People's Union for Civil Liberties">People's Union for Civil Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Socialist Party (India)">Socialist Party of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swatantra_Party" title="Swatantra Party">Swatantra Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Emergency_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Emergency in India">State of Emergency in India</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/State_of_Uttar_Pradesh_v._Raj_Narain" title="State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain">State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Thirty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India">38th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India">39th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty-second_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India">42nd Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkman_gate_demolition_and_rioting" title="Turkman gate demolition and rioting">Turkman gate demolition and rioting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroda_dynamite_case" title="Baroda dynamite case">Baroda dynamite case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Commission" title="Shah Commission">Shah Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_of_Internal_Security_Act" title="Maintenance of Internal Security Act">Maintenance of Internal Security Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajan_case" title="Rajan case">Rajan case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_general_election,_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian general election, 1977">Indian general election, 1977</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mahatma_Gandhi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Template:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Template talk:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mahatma_Gandhi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life events<br />and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ambulance_Corps" title="Indian Ambulance Corps">Indian Ambulance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoy_Farm" title="Tolstoy Farm">Tolstoy Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement#Gandhi_arrives_in_India" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Satyagraha" title="Vaikom Satyagraha">Vaikom Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)#Second_Round_Table_Conference_(September_–_December_1931)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Second Round Table Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padayatra" title="Padayatra">Padayatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poona_Pact" title="Poona Pact">Poona Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natal_Indian_Congress" title="Natal Indian Congress">Natal Indian Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_speech" title="Quit India speech">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidyapith" title="Gujarat Vidyapith">Gujarat Vidyapith University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harijan_Sevak_Sangh" title="Harijan Sevak Sangh">Harijan Sevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochrab_Ashram" title="Kochrab Ashram">India ashrams (Kochrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Memorial_Asram" title="Gandhi Memorial Asram">Sodepur Khadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevagram" title="Sevagram">Sevagram)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fasts_undertaken_by_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of fasts undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi">List of fasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">Assassination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Practices_and_beliefs_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi">Practices and beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_nationalism" title="Composite nationalism">Composite nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_economics" title="Gandhian economics">Economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeship_(Gandhism)" title="Trusteeship (Gandhism)">trusteeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_Talim" title="Nai Talim">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya" title="Sarvodaya">Sarvodaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven_vows" title="Eleven vows">Eleven vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_cap" title="Gandhi cap">Gandhi cap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Heritage_Portal" title="Gandhi Heritage Portal">Publications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harijan_(magazine)" title="Harijan (magazine)"><i>Harijan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hind_Swaraj_or_Indian_Home_Rule" title="Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule"><i>Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Opinion" title="Indian Opinion">Indian Opinion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth" title="The Story of My Experiments with Truth">The Story of My Experiments with Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Prabhat" title="Mangal Prabhat">Mangal Prabhat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_India" title="Young India"><i>Young India</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Social_Sins" title="Seven Social Sins">Seven Social Sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajivan_Trust" title="Navajivan Trust">Navajivan Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Heritage_Portal" title="Gandhi Heritage Portal">Gandhi Heritage Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Hindu" title="A Letter to a Hindu">A Letter to a Hindu</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)"><i>Civil Disobedience</i> (essay)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadi" title="Khadi">Khadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsee_Rustomjee" title="Parsee Rustomjee">Parsee Rustomjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i>) (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_Anarchy" title="The Masque of Anarchy">The Masque of Anarchy</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmad" title="Narmad">Narmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravana_Kumara" title="Shravana Kumara">Shravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimad_Rajchandra" title="Shrimad Rajchandra">Shrimad Rajchandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Ba%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṛaḷ">Tirukkuṛaḷ</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unto_This_Last" title="Unto This Last">Unto This Last</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya" title="Sarvodaya">Gandhi's translation</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raghupati_Raghava_Raja_Ram" title="Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram">Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ekla_Chalo_Re" title="Ekla Chalo Re">Ekla Chalo Re</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hari_Tuma_Haro" title="Hari Tuma Haro">Hari Tuma Haro</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vaishnava_Jana_To" title="Vaishnava Jana To">Vaishnava Jana To</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Anand" title="Swami Anand">Swami Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Freer_Andrews" title="Charles Freer Andrews">C. F. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnalal_Bajaj" title="Jamnalal Bajaj">Jamnalal Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarlal_Banker" title="Shankarlal Banker">Shankarlal Banker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarla_Behn" title="Sarla Behn">Sarla Behn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Krishna_Chandiwala" title="Brij Krishna Chandiwala">Brij Krishna Chandiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhakar_Chaturvedi" title="Sudhakar Chaturvedi">Sudhakar Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugatram_Dave" title="Jugatram Dave">Jugatram Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Desai" title="Mahadev Desai">Mahadev Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Dharmadhikari" title="Dada Dharmadhikari">Dada Dharmadhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi" title="Kanu Gandhi">Kanu Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prasad_Gupta" title="Shiv Prasad Gupta">Shiv Prasad Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Hajee_Ahmed_Jhaveri" title="Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri">Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._Kumarappa" title="J. C. Kumarappa">J. C. Kumarappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kallenbach" title="Hermann Kallenbach">Hermann Kallenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">Acharya Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabehn" title="Mirabehn">Mirabehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal_Pandya" title="Mohanlal Pandya">Mohanlal Pandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narhari_Parikh" title="Narhari Parikh">Narhari Parikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Amtus_Salam" title="Bibi Amtus Salam">Bibi Amtus Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Schlesin" title="Sonja Schlesin">Sonja Schlesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anugrah_Narayan_Sinha" title="Anugrah Narayan Sinha">Anugrah Narayan Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Krishna_Sinha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Krishna Sinha">Sri Krishna Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._A._Sundaram" title="V. A. Sundaram">V. A. Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Tyabji" title="Abbas Tyabji">Abbas Tyabji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravishankar_Vyas" title="Ravishankar Vyas">Ravishankar Vyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishorlal_Mashruwala" title="Kishorlal Mashruwala">Kishorlal Mashruwala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artistic_depictions_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi">Artistic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhigiri" title="Gandhigiri">Gandhigiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Award" title="Gandhi Peace Award">Gandhi Peace Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Foundation" title="Gandhi Peace Foundation">Gandhi Peace Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize" title="Gandhi Peace Prize">Gandhi Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Kashi_Vidyapith" title="Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith">Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Indian currency (Gandhi Series,</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Gandhi New Series,</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_10_Rupee_Mahatma_Gandhi_postage_stamp" title="Indian 10 Rupee Mahatma Gandhi postage stamp">Indian 10 Rupee postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Family of Mahatma Gandhi">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamchand_Uttamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi">Karamchand Gandhi (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Gandhi" title="Kasturba Gandhi">Kasturba (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harilal_Gandhi" title="Harilal Gandhi">Harilal (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manilal_Gandhi" title="Manilal Gandhi">Manilal (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Gandhi" title="Ramdas Gandhi">Ramdas (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devdas_Gandhi" title="Devdas Gandhi">Devdas (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maganlal_Gandhi" title="Maganlal Gandhi">Maganlal (cousin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaldas_Gandhi" title="Samaldas Gandhi">Samaldas (nephew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Manilal_Gandhi" title="Arun Manilal Gandhi">Arun (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Gandhi" title="Ela Gandhi">Ela (granddaughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajmohan_Gandhi" title="Rajmohan Gandhi">Rajmohan (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi">Gopalkrishna (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Gandhi" title="Ramchandra Gandhi">Ramchandra (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi_(scientist)" title="Kanu Gandhi (scientist)">Kanu (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi" title="Kanu Gandhi">Kanu (grandnephew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Gandhi" title="Tushar Gandhi">Tushar (great-grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Gandhi" title="Leela Gandhi">Leela (great-granddaughter)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhay_and_Rani_Bang" title="Abhay and Rani Bang">Abhay Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajkishore_Prasad" title="Brajkishore Prasad">Brajkishore Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Murmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Draupadi Murmu">Draupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Vallabh_Pant" class="mw-redirect" title="Govind Vallabh Pant">Govind Vallabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bondurant" title="Joan Bondurant">Joan Bondurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanza_del_Vasto" title="Lanza del Vasto">Lanza del Vasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad" title="Maulana Azad">Maulana Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lacerda_de_Moura" title="Maria Lacerda de Moura">Maria Lacerda de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramjee_Singh" title="Ramjee Singh">Ramjee Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko" title="Steve Biko">Steve Biko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Sane" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Sane">Sane Guruji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Memorials_to_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Category:Memorials to Mahatma Gandhi">Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Accra" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Accra">Ghana</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Gandhi_Maidan" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhi Maidan">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salt_Satyagraha_Memorial" title="National Salt Satyagraha Memorial">National Salt Satyagraha Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_of_India" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament of India">New Delhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Pietermaritzburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Tavistock_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Tavistock Square">Tavistock Square</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Davis,_California)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Davis, California)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Denver)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Denver)">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Houston)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Houston)">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_(Milwaukee)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Milwaukee)">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (New York City)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (San Francisco)">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dignity,_Equality,_and_Justice" title="Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" title="Gandhi Jayanti">Gandhi Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Day_(India)" title="Martyrs' Day (India)">Martyrs' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_for_Nonviolence" title="Season for Nonviolence">Season for Nonviolence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Palace" title="Aga Khan Palace">Aga Khan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Bhawan,_Chandigarh" title="Gandhi Bhawan, Chandigarh">Gandhi Bhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Mandapam_(Chennai)" title="Gandhi Mandapam (Chennai)">Gandhi Mandapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Market" title="Gandhi Market">Gandhi Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(bookstore)" title="Gandhi (bookstore)">Bookstores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Promenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi Promenade">Gandhi Promenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Smriti" title="Gandhi Smriti">Gandhi Smriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari#Tourist_sites" title="Kanyakumari">Gandhi Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Memorial_Museum,_Madurai" title="Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai">Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Teerth" title="Gandhi Teerth">Gandhi Teerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Temple,_Bhatara" title="Gandhi Temple, Bhatara">Gandhi Temple, Bhatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaba_Gandhi_No_Delo" title="Kaba Gandhi No Delo">Kaba Gandhi No Delo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Mandir,_Porbandar" title="Kirti Mandir, Porbandar">Kirti Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_College" title="Mahatma Gandhi College">Mahatma Gandhi College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Marine_National_Park" title="Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park">Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_Centre,_Matale" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale">Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Bhavan" title="Mani Bhavan">Mani Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_High_School_(Rajkot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred High School (Rajkot)">Mohandas Gandhi High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gandhi_Museum" title="National Gandhi Museum">National Gandhi Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Ghat_and_associated_memorials" title="Raj Ghat and associated memorials">Raj Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_named_after_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of roads named after Mahatma Gandhi">Roads named after Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha_House" title="Satyagraha House">Satyagraha House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218661#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218661#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218661#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084054081">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/107592201">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1427163/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxrTJKdvMVPFG99TYVDMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119173751">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50001614">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12160714g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12160714g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kv2009520875&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069325367">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811342032705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007587502205171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260306705171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1204811">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119173751.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030128854">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581413">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6r819fb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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