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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Norwegian paradox</b> is a dilemma of <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norway" title="Economy of Norway">Norway's economic performance</a> where economic performance is strong despite low <a href="/wiki/R%26D" class="mw-redirect" title="R&D">R&D</a> investment. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_paradox&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> has described Norway's economic performance as a "<a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars also refer to it as a "puzzle".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept has been developed due to the combination of low <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a> and high economic performance in the country. Even when the rents of oil and gas sector are excluded, Norway's productivity and income are among the highest in the world<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. However, at the same time Norwegian R&D investment has a relatively small share of the country's <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> compared to other industrial economies.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theoretical_background">Theoretical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_paradox&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theoretical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Schumpeterian Approach</i> plays an important role in the theoretical perspective of innovation-and-growth literature. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> analysed the role of radical innovations and evaluated the importance of their influences on the economic system. Other scholars such as Freeman and Nelson continued the research by emphasizing the paradigmatic- and sector-specific views of the whole <a href="/wiki/Technological_change" title="Technological change">technological change</a> process combined with the economic growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_critique">Analysis and critique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_paradox&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Analysis and critique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the concept of Norwegian "paradox" has been used in the literature, other researchers have presented further analysis and critique. <a href="/wiki/Jan_Fagerberg" title="Jan Fagerberg">Fagerberg</a> posits that the "<i>paradox</i>" should be analysed by combining three interrelated aspects of Norwegian economic development: innovation, <a href="/wiki/Path_dependence" title="Path dependence">path dependence</a>, and policy. Norway's innovative performance had been scientifically influenced by the ability of Norwegian entrepreneurs, firms, and public sector actors. They were able to understand the hidden opportunities, mobilize resources, adopt current capabilities and develop new ones, and development of appropriate institutions and policies helped to support successful growth. </p><p>Furthermore, the historical development of Norway's <a href="/wiki/National_innovation_system" title="National innovation system">national innovation system</a> was impacted by path dependence. Norway has not been successful in developing non-resource based industries, yet managed to achieve substantial results in <a href="/wiki/Resource-based_economy" title="Resource-based economy">resource-based</a> industry development and resource-based innovation elaboration. Norway's resource-based sectors have beneficially contributed to developing knowledge and adapting to new challenges. Finally, Norwegian institutions and politics managed to extend a relatively narrow definition of <a href="/wiki/Technology_policy" title="Technology policy">science, technology, and innovation policy</a>. Due to this, broad perspective of innovation systems was successfully implemented. </p><p>Other scholars have suggested different analyses of the Norwegian "paradox". Fulvio Castellacci argued that characterization of Norway's economy as a combination of low innovation and high economic performance is inaccurate; the problem is not with innovative activities yet as it is commonly believed; it is more related to the sectoral composition of the economy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_paradox&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_disease" title="Dutch disease">Dutch disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_curse" title="Resource curse">Resource curse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_paradox&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OECD (2007) Economic Surveys: Norway, Paris: OECD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCastellacci2008" class="citation journal cs1">Castellacci, F. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nopecjournal.org/NOPEC_2008_a01.pdf">"Innovation in Norway in a European perspective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nordic Journal of Political Economy</i>. <b>34</b>: 1–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nordic+Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=Innovation+in+Norway+in+a+European+perspective&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=1-43&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Castellacci&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nopecjournal.org%2FNOPEC_2008_a01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+paradox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFagerberg2009" class="citation journal cs1">Fagerberg, J.; et al. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sv.uio.no/tik/InnoWP/prime%202008%20fagerberg%20et%20al.pdf">"Innovation-systems, path-dependency and policy: The co-evolution of science, technology and innovation policy and industrial structure in a small, resource-based economy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TIK Working Papers Innovation Studies No. 20080624</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIK+Working+Papers+Innovation+Studies+No.+20080624&rft.atitle=Innovation-systems%2C+path-dependency+and+policy%3A+The+co-evolution+of+science%2C+technology+and+innovation+policy+and+industrial+structure+in+a+small%2C+resource-based+economy&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Fagerberg&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sv.uio.no%2Ftik%2FInnoWP%2Fprime%25202008%2520fagerberg%2520et%2520al.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorwegian+paradox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway" title="History of Norway">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Stone_Age" title="Nordic Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petty_kingdoms_of_Norway" title="Petty kingdoms of Norway">Petty kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Norway" title="Unification of Norway">Unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#Norway_in_the_High_Middle_Ages_(1066–1380)" title="History of Norway">High Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_Kingdom_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary Kingdom of Norway">Hereditary Kingdom of Norway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(1814)" title="Kingdom of Norway (1814)">Kingdom of Norway (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Sweden–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_union_between_Norway_and_Sweden" title="Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden">End of the union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Quisling regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_government-in-exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian government-in-exile">Norwegian government-in-exile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#Postwar" title="History of Norway">1945–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#21st_century" title="History of Norway">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway" title="Coat of arms of Norway"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, 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of Norway">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Norway" title="List of lakes of Norway">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Norway" title="List of mammals of Norway">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Norway_by_height" title="List of mountains in Norway by height">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Norway" title="List of towns and cities in Norway">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Norway" title="Protected areas of Norway">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Norway" title="List of rivers of Norway">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Norway" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Norway">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norway" title="Politics of Norway">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Norway" title="Administrative divisions of Norway">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_budget_of_Norway" title="State budget of Norway">National budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Correctional_Service" title="Norwegian Correctional Service">Correctional Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_justice_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of justice of Norway">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Norway" title="Elections in Norway">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Norway" title="Foreign relations of Norway">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_governments" title="List of Norwegian governments">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_Norway" title="Incarceration in Norway">Incarceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Norway">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Service" title="Norwegian Police Service">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Norway" title="List of political parties in Norway">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Norway_ties" title="Template:Norway ties">Membership of International organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norway" title="Economy of Norway">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Norway" title="Energy in Norway">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing_in_Norway" title="Category:Fishing in Norway">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Pension_Fund_of_Norway" title="Government Pension Fund of Norway">Government Pension Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_Norway" title="Category:Industry in Norway">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Norway" title="Category:Mining in Norway">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_industry_in_Norway" title="Category:Natural gas industry in Norway">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norges_Bank" title="Norges Bank">National bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norwegian paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_in_Norway" title="Category:Oil fields in Norway">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Norway" title="Renewable energy in Norway">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Stock_Exchange" title="Oslo Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Norway" title="Taxation in Norway">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Norway" title="Telecommunications in Norway">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Norway" title="Tourism in Norway">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Norway" title="Trade unions in Norway">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Norway" title="Transport in Norway">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Norway" title="Whaling in Norway">Whaling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Norway" title="Category:Society of Norway">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Norway" title="Climate change in Norway">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Norway" title="Crime in Norway">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Norway" title="Demographics of Norway">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Norway" title="Education in Norway">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Norway" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Norway">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Norway" title="Health in Norway">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Norway" title="Immigration to Norway">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_Norway" title="Incarceration in Norway">Incarceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Norway" title="Irreligion in Norway">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language_conflict" title="Norwegian language conflict">language conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Norway" title="Pensions in Norway">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Norway" title="Poverty in Norway">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Norway">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" title="Culture of Norway">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Norway" title="Architecture of Norway">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_art" title="Norwegian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunad" title="Bunad"><i>Bunad</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(clothing)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway"><i>Christmas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(season)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jante" title="Law of Jante">Jante law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_literature" title="Norwegian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Norway">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Norway" title="Prostitution in Norway">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a 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