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</li> <li id="toc-Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Southern and Northern Dynasties period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sui_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sui_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Sui dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sui_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jing_Province&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing Province</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Chinese territory</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jingzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Talk:Jingzhou (ancient China)">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jingzhou%22+ancient+China">"Jingzhou" ancient China</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jingzhou%22+ancient+China+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jingzhou%22+ancient+China&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jingzhou%22+ancient+China+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jingzhou%22+ancient+China">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jingzhou%22+ancient+China&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ancient administrative division. For the modern city, see <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jingzhou (disambiguation)">Jingzhou (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Jingzhou</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">荊州</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jīngzhōu</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jingzhou</b> or <b>Jing Province</b> was one of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Provinces" title="Nine Provinces">Nine Provinces</a> of ancient China referenced in early Chinese texts such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Yu_Gong" title="Yu Gong">Tribute of Yu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Erya" title="Erya">Erya</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou" title="Rites of Zhou">Rites of Zhou</a></i>. </p><p>Jingzhou became an administrative division during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu</a> (r. 141–87 BCE) in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han dynasty">Western Han dynasty</a> (206 BCE–9 CE). It usually corresponded with the modern-day provinces of <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, after which it referred to the city of <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Qin_era">Pre-Qin era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Qin era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu state</a> covered most of present-day <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, the areas that would form Jingzhou in a later era. The <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin state</a> dropped the name "Chu" (楚) (literally "<a href="/wiki/Chaste_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaste tree">chaste tree</a>") and used its synonym "Jing" (荊) instead to avoid a <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">naming taboo</a>, since the personal name of Qin's <a href="/wiki/King_Zhuangxiang_of_Qin" title="King Zhuangxiang of Qin">King Zhuangxiang</a> (281–247 BCE) was "Zichu" (子楚; lit. "son of Chu") because his adoptive mother, Lady Huayang, was from Chu. Chu was conquered by Qin in 223 BCE in the final stages of the <a href="/wiki/Qin%27s_wars_of_unification" title="Qin's wars of unification">Qin unification campaign</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Han_dynasty">Han dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Han dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Han_provinces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Han_provinces.jpg/220px-Han_provinces.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Han_provinces.jpg/330px-Han_provinces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Han_provinces.jpg/440px-Han_provinces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Map of Chinese provinces in the prelude of <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period.<br />(In the late Eastern Han dynasty, 189 CE).</figcaption></figure> <p>In 106 BCE, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han dynasty">Western Han dynasty</a> (206 BCE – 9 CE), China was divided into 13 administrative divisions (excluding the area under the central government's control), each governed by an Inspector (刺史). Jingzhou was one of the 13, and its land area was one of the largest, covering roughly the modern provinces of <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, with the city of <a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> province at its north frontier. However, Jingzhou did not have a provincial capital and was only an administrative division in name. </p><p>From 188 CE onwards, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ling_of_Han" title="Emperor Ling of Han">Emperor Ling</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a> (25–220 CE), Jingzhou officially became an administrative division. The <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Han" title="Book of Han">Book of Han</a></i> mentioned that Jingzhou had seven <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commanderies</a> – Nanyang (南陽; present-day southwestern Henan), Nan (南; present-day western Hubei), Jiangxia (江夏; present-day eastern Hubei), Changsha (長沙; present-day northeastern Hunan), Guiyang (桂陽; present-day southeastern Hunan), Wuling (武陵; present-day northwestern Hunan) and Lingling (零陵; present-day southwestern Hunan) – under its jurisdiction. </p><p>Before <a href="/wiki/Liu_Biao" title="Liu Biao">Liu Biao</a> became the Governor (州牧) of Jingzhou during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Emperor Xian</a>, Jingzhou's provincial capital was in Hanshou county (漢壽縣; present-day <a href="/wiki/Hanshou_County" title="Hanshou County">Hanshou County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a>, Hunan). However, as remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Turban_Rebellion" title="Yellow Turban Rebellion">Yellow Turban rebels</a> were still active in southern Jingzhou, the capital was moved north to Xiangyang (襄陽; present-day <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a>, Hubei). </p><p>Liu Biao died in 208 and was succeeded by his younger son, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han_dynasty)" title="Liu Cong (Han dynasty)">Liu Cong</a>, as the Governor of Jingzhou, but the latter surrendered and ceded the province to the warlord <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> in the same year. After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Red_Cliffs" title="Battle of Red Cliffs">Battle of Red Cliffs</a> in the winter of 208/209, Cao Cao managed to retain only Nanyang and Nan commanderies in northern Jingzhou, while central and southern Jingzhou was divided between the warlords <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a>. Cao Cao subsequently partitioned Xiangyang (襄陽) and Nanxiang (南鄉) commanderies from the two he controlled – Nanyang and Nan. The commanderies in Jingzhou were thus split between the three contending warlords: Nan, Lingling and Wuling to Liu Bei; Jiangxia, Guiyang and Changsha to Sun Quan; Nanyang, Xiangyang and Nanxiang to Cao Cao.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was believed that the term "Nine Commanderies of Jing and Xiang" (荊襄九郡) originated from the division of Jingzhou between the three powers, since each controlled three commanderies, making nine in total. </p><p>In 219, Sun Quan's general <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Meng" title="Lü Meng">Lü Meng</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Meng%27s_invasion_of_Jing_Province" title="Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province">attacked and seized Liu Bei's lands in Jingzhou</a>, which were defended by Liu's general <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a>. This triggered the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Xiaoting" title="Battle of Xiaoting">Battle of Xiaoting</a> (or Battle of Yiling) of 221–222, which concluded with Liu Bei being decisively defeated by Sun Quan's general <a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_(Three_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms)">Lu Xun</a>. Since then, the state of <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu</a> (founded by Liu Bei) had never laid claims on Jingzhou; Jingzhou was divided between the states of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu</a> (founded by Sun Quan) and <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a> (founded by Cao Cao's successor, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi">Cao Pi</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three_Kingdoms_period_and_Jin_dynasty">Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period (220-280), Jingzhou was split between the states of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a> (220–265) and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu</a> (229–280). The provincial capital of the Wei-controlled Jingzhou was in Xinye (新野), <a href="/wiki/Nan_Commandery" title="Nan Commandery">Nan Commandery</a>, and it had seven <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commanderies</a> – Nanyang (南陽), Jiangxia (江夏; north of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a>), Xiangyang (襄陽), Nanxiang (南鄉), Xincheng (新城), Shangyong (上庸) and Weixing (魏興) – under its jurisdiction. On the other hand, the Wu-governed Jingzhou had its administrative centre in Jiangling (江陵), Nan Commandery, with 11 commanderies – Nan (南), Jiangxia (江夏; south of the Yangtze River), Changsha (長沙), Xiangdong (湘東), Guiyang (桂陽), Linhe (臨賀), Lingling (零陵), Hengyang (衡陽), Wuling (武陵), Jianping (建平) and Yidu (宜都) – under its charge. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Western_Jin_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Jin dynasty">Western Jin dynasty</a> (266-316), Jingzhou's capital was designated in Xiangyang (襄陽; present-day <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>) and it governed 23 commanderies and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_states" title="Ancient Chinese states">states</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties_period">Southern and Northern Dynasties period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Southern and Northern Dynasties period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern and Northern Dynasties">Southern and Northern Dynasties</a> period (420-589), China was further divided into many administrative divisions so the land area in each division was reduced. The <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song dynasty</a> (420-479) established Jingzhou's capital in Xiangyang (襄陽; present-day <a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Qi" title="Southern Qi">Southern Qi</a> dynasty (479–502) changed Jingzhou's capital to Nan commandery and made Xiangyang (renamed to Ningman prefecture 寧蠻府) the capital of another province, <a href="/wiki/Yongzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yongzhou (ancient China)">Yongzhou</a>. In 497, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Wei dynasty">Northern Wei dynasty</a> (386–535) set up an administrative division called Jingzhou in Rang (穰; present-day <a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>), with eight commanderies under its charge. The capital was later moved to Shanbei (山北; present-day <a href="/wiki/Lushan_County,_Henan" title="Lushan County, Henan">Lushan County, Henan</a>). The Northern Wei dynasty also established an administrative division called East Jingzhou (東荊州), with its capital in Ciyang (泚陽). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sui_dynasty">Sui dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sui dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 583, during the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> (589–618), <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen</a> abolished the <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commandery</a> system and replaced it with prefectures and counties as administrative divisions. However, Emperor Wen's successor, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Emperor Yang</a>, restored the commanderies and adopted the commandery and county system used in the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>. From then on, Jingzhou no longer referred to the large province that used to cover <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, but rather, the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a> in Hubei. The city of Jingzhou was also known as Nan commandery (南郡), Jiangling commandery (江陵郡), Jiangling prefecture (江陵府), and Jingzhou prefecture (荊州府). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huguang" title="Huguang">Huguang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jingzhou_(ancient_China)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(於是南郡、零陵、武陵以西為蜀，江夏、桂陽、長沙三郡為吳，南陽、襄陽、南鄉三郡為魏。) <i>Jin Shu</i> vol. 15.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Xuanling" title="Fang Xuanling">Fang, Xuanling</a> et al. <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jin" title="Book of Jin">Book of Jin</a></i> (<i>Jin Shu</i>).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_provinces_before_the_Qin_dynasty446" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Chinese_provinces" title="Template:Ancient Chinese provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Chinese_provinces" title="Template talk:Ancient Chinese provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Chinese_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Chinese provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_provinces_before_the_Qin_dynasty446" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chinese provinces before the Qin dynasty</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nine_Provinces_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine Provinces (China)">Nine Provinces</a> mentioned in<br />"<a href="/wiki/Tribute_of_Yu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribute of Yu">Tribute of Yu</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Classic_of_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic of History">Classic of History</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Province">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Province">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Province">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Xu Province">Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yuzhou (ancient China)">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Province">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_(realm)" title="Liang (realm)">Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yong Province">Yong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nine Provinces mentioned in<br />"Explaining Earth", <i><a href="/wiki/Erya" title="Erya">Erya</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Province">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Province">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="You Province">You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Xu Province">Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yuzhou (ancient China)">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Province">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ying_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ying Province (page does not exist)">Ying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yong Province">Yong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nine Provinces mentioned in<br />"Clan Responsibilities", <i><a href="/wiki/Rituals_of_Zhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituals of Zhou">Rituals of Zhou</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Province">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Province">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Province">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="You Province">You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yuzhou (ancient China)">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Province">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing Province">Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yong Province">Yong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nine Provinces mentioned in<br />"Initial Survey", <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshi_Chunqiu" title="Lüshi Chunqiu">Lüshi Chunqiu</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Province">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Province">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Province">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Xu Province">Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yuzhou (ancient China)">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Province">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="You Province">You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yong Province">Yong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Provinces" title="Twelve Provinces">Twelve Provinces</a> in<br /><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yao" title="Emperor Yao">Yao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shun_(Chinese_leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shun (Chinese leader)">Shun</a>'s time</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Province">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Province">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Province">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Xu Province">Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yuzhou (ancient China)">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Province">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_(realm)" title="Liang (realm)">Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yong Province">Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="You Province">You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing Province">Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ying_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ying Province (page does not exist)">Ying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_and_commanderies_of_the_Han_dynasty_(140_AD)580" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Han_dynasty_provinces" title="Template:Han dynasty provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Han_dynasty_provinces" title="Template talk:Han dynasty provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Han_dynasty_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Han dynasty provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_and_commanderies_of_the_Han_dynasty_(140_AD)580" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Han_dynasty#Provincial_authorities" title="Government of the Han dynasty">Provinces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Han_dynasty#Commandery_administration" title="Government of the Han dynasty">commanderies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> <small>(140 AD)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sili_Province" title="Sili Province">Sili</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Commandery" title="Henan Commandery">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henei_Commandery" title="Henei Commandery">Henei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedong_Commandery" title="Hedong Commandery">Hedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongnong_Commandery" title="Hongnong Commandery">Hongnong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhao" title="Jingzhao">Jingzhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyi_(region)" title="Pingyi (region)">Zuopingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufeng_(region)" title="Fufeng (region)">Youfufeng</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jian%27an_Commanderies.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Chinese provinces and commanderies in 219 CE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jian%27an_Commanderies.svg/300px-Jian%27an_Commanderies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jian%27an_Commanderies.svg/450px-Jian%27an_Commanderies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jian%27an_Commanderies.svg/600px-Jian%27an_Commanderies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3125" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span> <small>Han provinces and commanderies in 219 CE</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou_(ancient_China)" title="Yuzhou (ancient China)">Yu Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yingchuan_Commandery" title="Yingchuan Commandery">Yingchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runan_Commandery" title="Runan Commandery">Runan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Liang Commandery">Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pei_Commandery" title="Pei Commandery">Pei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Commandery" title="Chen Commandery">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Commandery" title="Lu Commandery">Lu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ji_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Province">Ji Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Commandery" title="Wei Commandery">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julu_Commandery" title="Julu Commandery">Julu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshan_Commandery" title="Changshan Commandery">Changshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongshan Commandery">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xindu_Commandery" title="Xindu Commandery">Xindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejian Commandery">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghe_Commandery" title="Qinghe Commandery">Qinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhao Commandery">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Commandery" title="Bohai Commandery">Bohai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yan Province">Yan Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chenliu_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chenliu Commandery (page does not exist)">Chenliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Commandery" title="Dong Commandery">Dong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongping_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongping Commandery (page does not exist)">Dongping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rencheng_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rencheng Commandery (page does not exist)">Rencheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan_Commandery" title="Taishan Commandery">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibei_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Jibei Commandery">Jibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyang_Commandery" title="Shanyang Commandery">Shanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyin_Commandery" title="Jiyin Commandery">Jiyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xu_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Xu Province">Xu Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghai_Commandery" title="Donghai Commandery">Donghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langya_Commandery" title="Langya Commandery">Langya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengcheng_Commandery" title="Pengcheng Commandery">Pengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangling_Commandery" title="Guangling Commandery">Guangling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhuai_Commandery" title="Linhuai Commandery">Linhuai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Province">Qing Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Commandery" title="Jinan Commandery">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_Commandery" title="Pingyuan Commandery">Pingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%27an_Commandery" title="Le'an Commandery">Le'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai_Commandery" title="Beihai Commandery">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donglai_Commandery" title="Donglai Commandery">Donglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Commandery" title="Qi Commandery">Qi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing Province">Jing Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Commandery" title="Nanyang Commandery">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_Commandery" title="Nan Commandery">Nan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxia_Commandery" title="Jiangxia Commandery">Jiangxia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingling_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingling Commandery (page does not exist)">Lingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Guiyang Commandery">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuling_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuling Commandery (page does not exist)">Wuling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Changsha_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changsha Commandery (page does not exist)">Changsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Province">Yang Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiujiang_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiujiang Commandery (page does not exist)">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danyang_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danyang Commandery (page does not exist)">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lujiang_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lujiang Commandery (page does not exist)">Lujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaiji_Commandery" title="Kuaiji Commandery">Kuaiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Commandery" title="Wu Commandery">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuzhang_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuzhang Commandery (page does not exist)">Yuzhang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi Province">Yi Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanzhong_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanzhong Commandery (page does not exist)">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba Commandery (page does not exist)">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanghan_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanghan Commandery (page does not exist)">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shu Commandery (page does not exist)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jianwei_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jianwei Commandery (page does not exist)">Jianwei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zangke_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zangke Commandery (page does not exist)">Zangke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuexi_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuexi Commandery (page does not exist)">Yuexi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yizhou_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yizhou Commandery (page does not exist)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoongchang_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoongchang Commandery (page does not exist)">Yongchang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liang_Province" title="Liang Province">Liang Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longxi_Commandery" title="Longxi Commandery">Longxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyang_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyang Commandery">Hanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wudu_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wudu Commandery (page does not exist)">Wudu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jincheng_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jincheng Commandery (page does not exist)">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anding_Commandery" title="Anding Commandery">Anding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuwei_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuwei Commandery (page does not exist)">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhangye_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhangye Commandery (page does not exist)">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiuquan_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiuquan Commandery (page does not exist)">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunhuang_Commandery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunhuang Commandery (page does not exist)">Dunhuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bing_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing Province">Bing Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangdang_Commandery" title="Shangdang Commandery">Shangdang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_Commandery" title="Taiyuan Commandery">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihe_Commandery" title="Xihe Commandery">Xihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunzhong_Commandery" title="Yunzhong Commandery">Yunzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxiang_Commandery" title="Dingxiang Commandery">Dingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmen_Commandery" title="Yanmen Commandery">Yanmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuofang_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuofang Province (page does not exist)">Shuofang Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuofang_Commandery" title="Shuofang Commandery">Shuofang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyuan_Commandery" title="Wuyuan Commandery">Wuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Commandery" title="Shang Commandery">Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihe_Commandery" title="Xihe Commandery">Xihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beidi_Commandery" title="Beidi Commandery">Beidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/You_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="You Province">You Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuo_Commandery" title="Zhuo Commandery">Zhuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyang_Commandery" title="Guangyang Commandery">Guangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Commandery" title="Dai Commandery">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanggu_Commandery" title="Shanggu Commandery">Shanggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyang_Commandery" title="Yuyang Commandery">Yuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youbeiping_Commandery" title="Youbeiping Commandery">Youbeiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoxi_Commandery" title="Liaoxi Commandery">Liaoxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Commandery" title="Liaodong Commandery">Liaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuantu_Commandery" title="Xuantu Commandery">Xuantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelang_Commandery" title="Lelang Commandery">Lelang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_(region)" title="Jiaozhou (region)">Jiaozhi Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Commandery" title="Nanhai Commandery">Nanhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangwu_Commandery" title="Cangwu Commandery">Cangwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin_Commandery" title="Yulin Commandery">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepu_Commandery" title="Hepu Commandery">Hepu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaozhi Commandery">Jiaozhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhen_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiuzhen Commandery">Jiuzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinan_Commandery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinan Commandery">Rinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_provinces_and_commanderies_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="List of provinces and commanderies of the Han dynasty">Full list</a></b> <small>(202 BC – 220 AD)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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