CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>4th century BC - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8e62f700-f164-4a75-9aba-7e9809d77b63","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"4th_century_BC","wgTitle":"4th century BC","wgCurRevisionId":1255871323,"wgRevisionId":1255871323,"wgArticleId":34798,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","4th century BC","1st millennium BC","Centuries"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"4th_century_BC","wgRelevantArticleId":34798,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q25335","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg/1200px-Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="720"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg/800px-Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg/640px-Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="384"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="4th century BC - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_century_BC"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_century_BC"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-4th_century_BC rootpage-4th_century_BC skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=4th+century+BC" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=4th+century+BC" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=4th+century+BC" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=4th+century+BC" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-The_world_in_the_4th_century_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_world_in_the_4th_century_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>The world in the 4th century BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_world_in_the_4th_century_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-390s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#390s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>390s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-390s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-380s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#380s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>380s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-380s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-370s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#370s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>370s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-370s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-360s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#360s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>360s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-360s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-350s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#350s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>350s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-350s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-340s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#340s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>340s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-340s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-330s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#330s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>330s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-330s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-320s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#320s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>320s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-320s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-310s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#310s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>310s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-310s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-300s_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#300s_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>300s BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-300s_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Significant people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Military leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Science and philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_professionals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_professionals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Health professionals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_professionals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Inventions, discoveries, introductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sovereign_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovereign_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sovereign states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovereign_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">4th century BC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/4de_eeu_v.C." title="4de eeu v.C. – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="4de eeu v.C." data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_4_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="القرن 4 ق م – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 4 ق م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_IV_aC" title="Sieglo IV aC – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo IV aC" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_IV_e.C." title="Sieglu IV e.C. – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu IV e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%C9%99._IV_%C9%99sr" title="E.ə. IV əsr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="E.ə. IV əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-4_SM" title="Abad ka-4 SM – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-4 SM" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="IV стагоддзе да н.э. – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="IV стагоддзе да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="4 век пр.н.е. – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="4 век пр.н.е." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._vijek_p._n._e." title="4. vijek p. n. e. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="4. vijek p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVe_kantved_kt_JK" title="IVe kantved kt JK – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="IVe kantved kt JK" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_IV_aC" title="Segle IV aC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle IV aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F._%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87._IV_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="П. эрч. IV ĕмĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="П. эрч. IV ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._stolet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="4. století př. n. l. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="4. století př. n. l." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/4edd_ganrif_CC" title="4edd ganrif CC – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="4edd ganrif CC" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%A5rhundrede_f.Kr." title="4. århundrede f.Kr. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="4. århundrede f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Jahrhundert_v._Chr." title="4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="4. Jahrhundert v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._sajand_eKr" title="4. sajand eKr – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="4. sajand eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%80.%CE%A7." title="4ος αιώνας π.Χ. – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="4ος αιώνας π.Χ." data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_IV_a._C." title="Siglo IV a. C. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo IV a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-a_jarcento_a.K." title="4-a jarcento a.K. – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="4-a jarcento a.K." data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_IV_e.C." title="Sigru IV e.C. – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru IV e.C." data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._IV._mendea" title="K.a. IV. mendea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. IV. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%DB%B4_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="سده ۴ (پیش از میلاد) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده ۴ (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%B8ld_f.Kr." title="4. øld f.Kr. – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="4. øld f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="IVe siècle av. J.-C. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IVe siècle av. J.-C." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/4e_iuw_f.Kr." title="4e iuw f.Kr. – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="4e iuw f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%C3%BA_haois_RC" title="4ú haois RC – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="4ú haois RC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/4mh_linn_RC" title="4mh linn RC – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="4mh linn RC" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_-IV" title="Século -IV – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século -IV" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_4%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="기원전 4세기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기원전 4세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84.%D5%A9.%D5%A1._4-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Մ.թ.ա. 4-րդ դար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մ.թ.ա. 4-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._stolje%C4%87e_pr._Kr." title="4. stoljeće pr. Kr. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="4. stoljeće pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/4ma_yarcento_aK" title="4ma yarcento aK – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="4ma yarcento aK" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-4_SM" title="Abad ke-4 SM – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-4 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%B6ldin_f.Kr." title="4. öldin f.Kr. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="4. öldin f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_secolo_a.C." title="IV secolo a.C. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IV secolo a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-4_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94%22%D7%A1" title="המאה ה-4 לפנה"ס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-4 לפנה"ס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._IV_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ძვ. წ. IV საუკუნე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვ. წ. IV საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_4_KK" title="Karne ya 4 KK – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 4 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_4an_b.z." title="Sedsala 4an b.z. – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 4an b.z." data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_4_a.C.n." title="Saeculum 4 a.C.n. – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 4 a.C.n." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._gadsimts_p.m.%C4%93." title="4. gadsimts p.m.ē. – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="4. gadsimts p.m.ē." data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Joerhonnert_v._Chr." title="4. Joerhonnert v. Chr. – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="4. Joerhonnert v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_am%C5%BEius_pr._m._e." title="IV amžius pr. m. e. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="IV amžius pr. m. e." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_secolo_a.C." title="IV secolo a.C. – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="IV secolo a.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_4_aec" title="Sentenio 4 aec – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 4 aec" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._4._sz%C3%A1zad" title="I. e. 4. század – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 4. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BF.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="4 век п.н.е. – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="4 век п.н.е." data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AA_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.पू.चे ४ थे शतक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.पू.चे ४ थे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._IV_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ჯვ. წ. IV ოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. IV ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_4_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="القرن 4 ق م – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن 4 ق م" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-4_SM" title="Abad ke-4 SM – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-4 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="4e eeuw v.Chr. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="4e eeuw v.Chr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4e_eeuw_v._Chr." title="4e eeuw v. Chr. – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="4e eeuw v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D4%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="紀元前4世紀 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前4世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_seculo_AC" title="IV seculo AC – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="IV seculo AC" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._juarhunert_f.Kr." title="4. juarhunert f.Kr. – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="4. juarhunert f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%C3%A5rhundre_f.Kr." title="4. århundre f.Kr. – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="4. århundre f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/300-talet_fvt." title="300-talet fvt. – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="300-talet fvt." data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IV_abC" title="Sègle IV abC – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sègle IV abC" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil._av._IV_asr" title="Mil. av. IV asr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mil. av. IV asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._Johrhunnert_v._Chr." title="4. Johrhunnert v. Chr. – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="4. Johrhunnert v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_wiek_p.n.e." title="IV wiek p.n.e. – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IV wiek p.n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_IV_a.C." title="Século IV a.C. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século IV a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_IV-lea_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Secolul al IV-lea î.Hr. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al IV-lea î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata_k%C3%B1" title="4 ñiqin pachakwata kñ – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="4 ñiqin pachakwata kñ" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="IV. стороча до н. е. – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="IV. стороча до н. е." data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="IV век до н. э. – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IV век до н. э." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91._%D1%8D._%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD._IV_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Б. э. инн. IV үйэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Б. э. инн. IV үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_IV_p.e.s." title="Shekulli IV p.e.s. – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli IV p.e.s." data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8culu_IV_a.C." title="Sèculu IV a.C. – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu IV a.C." data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_century_BC" title="4th century BC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="4th century BC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._storo%C4%8Die_pred_Kr." title="4. storočie pred Kr. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="4. storočie pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._stoletje_pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="4. stoletje pr. n. št. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="4. stoletje pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="4. век п. н. е. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="4. век п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/4._vijek_pne." title="4. vijek pne. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="4. vijek pne." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-4_SM" title="Abad ka-4 SM – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-4 SM" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/300-luku_eaa." title="300-luku eaa. – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="300-luku eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/300-talet_f.Kr." title="300-talet f.Kr. – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="300-talet f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-4_na_dantaon_BC" title="Ika-4 na dantaon BC – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-4 na dantaon BC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_(%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%BA.)" title="IV гасыр (б. э. к.) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="IV гасыр (б. э. к.)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_IV_%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Садаи IV то мелод – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи IV то мелод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%96_4._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="MÖ 4. yüzyıl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MÖ 4. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="IV століття до н. е. – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IV століття до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="چوتھی صدی ق م – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چوتھی صدی ق م" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_seco%C5%82o_v.C." title="IV secoło v.C. – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="IV secoło v.C." data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_4_TCN" title="Thế kỷ 4 TCN – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 4 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-4_nga_gatostuig_UC" title="Ika-4 nga gatostuig UC – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-4 nga gatostuig UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D4%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="前4世纪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前4世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D4%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="前4世紀 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="前4世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV_om%C5%BEios_pr._Kr." title="IV omžios pr. Kr. – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="IV omžios pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D4%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="前4世纪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="前4世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25335#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/4th_century_BC" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:4th_century_BC" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/4th_century_BC"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/4th_century_BC"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/4th_century_BC" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/4th_century_BC" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&oldid=1255871323" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=4th_century_BC&id=1255871323&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F4th_century_BC"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F4th_century_BC"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=4th_century_BC&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:4th_century_BC" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25335" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">One hundred years, from 400 BCE to 301 BCE</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"300s BC" redirects here. For the decade, see <a href="/wiki/300s_BC_(decade)" title="300s BC (decade)">300s BC (decade)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">1st millennium <small>BC</small></a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5th_century_BC" title="5th century BC">5th century <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4th century <small>BC</small></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC" title="3rd century BC">3rd century <small>BC</small></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Timelines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5th_century_BC#Events" title="5th century BC">5th century <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Events">4th century <small>BC</small></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC#Events" title="3rd century BC">3rd century <small>BC</small></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> State leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_5th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 5th century BC">5th century <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_4th_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 4th century BC">4th century <small>BC</small></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_3rd_century_BC" title="List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC">3rd century <small>BC</small></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/390s_BC" title="390s BC">390s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/380s_BC" title="380s BC">380s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/370s_BC" title="370s BC">370s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360s_BC" title="360s BC">360s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/350s_BC" title="350s BC">350s <small>BC</small></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/340s_BC" title="340s BC">340s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/330s_BC" title="330s BC">330s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/320s_BC" title="320s BC">320s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/310s_BC" title="310s BC">310s <small>BC</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/300s_BC_(decade)" title="300s BC (decade)">300s <small>BC</small></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_BC_births" title="Category:4th-century BC births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_BC_deaths" title="Category:4th-century BC deaths">Deaths</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_BC_establishments" title="Category:4th-century BC establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_BC_disestablishments" title="Category:4th-century BC disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Centurybox" title="Template:Centurybox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Centurybox" title="Template talk:Centurybox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Centurybox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Centurybox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg/220px-Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg/330px-Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg/440px-Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Alexander the Great of Macedon created one of the largest empires of the ancient world.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>4th century BCE</b> started the first day of <a href="/wiki/400_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="400 BCE">400 BCE</a> and ended the last day of <a href="/wiki/301_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="301 BCE">301 BCE</a>. It is considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical</a> <a href="/wiki/Era" title="Era">era</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(reference_date)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (reference date)">epoch</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Historical_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical period">historical period</a>. </p><p>This century marked the height of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greek civilization</a> in all of its aspects. By the year 400 BCE Greek <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> had spread far and wide, with the numerous independent <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colonies</a> that had sprung up throughout the lands of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">eastern Mediterranean</a>. </p><p>Arguably the most important series of political events in this period were the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander</a>, bringing about the collapse of the once formidable <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a> and spreading Greek culture far into the east. Alexander dreamt of an east/west union, but when his short life ended in 323 BCE, his vast empire was plunged into <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">civil war</a> as his generals each carved out their own separate kingdoms. Thus began the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic age</a>, a period characterized by a more absolute approach to rule, with Greek kings taking on royal trappings and setting up hereditary successions. While a degree of democracy still existed in some of the remaining independent Greek cities, many scholars see this age as marking the end of classical Greece. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a> was founded in 322 BCE by <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> who rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, taking advantage of the disruptions of <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">local powers</a> in the wake of the withdrawal westward by the armies of Alexander. </p><p><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in the 4th century BCE entered an era of constant warfare known as the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>. The period saw the rapid rise of large states (such as <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a>) over smaller ones thanks to technological advancement. Though the period has usually been characterized by historians as being excessively violent compared to the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a>, it was also punctuated by several cultural and social growths through the expansion of several different sects of <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, and the formulation of <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalist</a> thought. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_world_in_the_4th_century_BCE">The world in the 4th century BCE</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The world in the 4th century BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_in_400_BCE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/World_in_400_BCE.png/550px-World_in_400_BCE.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/World_in_400_BCE.png/825px-World_in_400_BCE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/World_in_400_BCE.png/1100px-World_in_400_BCE.png 2x" data-file-width="4700" data-file-height="2392" /></a><figcaption>Map of the world in 400 BCE, the beginning of the fourth century BCE.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East-Hem_323bc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/East-Hem_323bc.jpg/550px-East-Hem_323bc.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/East-Hem_323bc.jpg/825px-East-Hem_323bc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/East-Hem_323bc.jpg/1100px-East-Hem_323bc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption>Map of the world in 323 BCE.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_in_300_BCE.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/World_in_300_BCE.PNG/550px-World_in_300_BCE.PNG" decoding="async" width="550" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/World_in_300_BCE.PNG/825px-World_in_300_BCE.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/World_in_300_BCE.PNG/1100px-World_in_300_BCE.PNG 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2291" /></a><figcaption>Map of the world in 300 BCE, the end of the fourth century BCE.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="390s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/390s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="390s BCE">390s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 390s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/399_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="399 BCE">399 BCE</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> is sentenced to death by <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> authorities, condemned for <a href="/wiki/Impiety" title="Impiety">impiety</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> of youth. He refuses to flee into exile and dies by drinking <a href="/wiki/Conium" title="Conium">hemlock</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/396_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="396 BCE">396 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Furius_Camillus" title="Marcus Furius Camillus">Marcus Furius Camillus</a> is made <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Romans</a>. Camillus finally destroys the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Veii" title="Veii">Veii</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/395_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="395 BCE">395 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kalashoka" title="Kalashoka">Kalashoka</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Shishunaga" title="Shishunaga">Shishunaga</a> to become king of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a>. <a href="/wiki/Second_Buddhist_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Buddhist council">Second Buddhist Council</a> is held during his reign.</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/395_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="395 BCE">395 BCE</a>: The "<a href="/wiki/Corinthian_War" title="Corinthian War">Corinthian War</a>" begins, with <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> (with the backing of <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persia</a>) against <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/392_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="392 BCE">392 BCE</a>: A peace conference between the Greek city-states is held in Sparta. Andocides, Athenian orator and politician, goes with three colleagues to negotiate peace with Sparta. The conference is unsuccessful and Athens rejects the terms and exiles the ambassadors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/391_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="391 BCE">391 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysius I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">tyrant</a> of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a>, begins an attempt to extend his rule to the Greek cities of southern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. He unsuccessfully besieges <a href="/wiki/Rhegium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhegium">Rhegium</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/390_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="390 BCE">390 BCE</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a> (Akoris), concludes a tripartite alliance with <a href="/wiki/Evagoras_I" title="Evagoras I">Evagoras</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="380s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/380s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="380s BCE">380s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 380s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/389_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="389 BCE">389 BCE</a>: Early in the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a> is one of the strongest states in China. The state rose to a new level of power when <a href="/wiki/King_Dao_of_Chu" title="King Dao of Chu">King Dao of Chu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">楚悼王</span></span>) names the famous reformer <a href="/wiki/Wu_Qi" title="Wu Qi">Wu Qi</a> as his chancellor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/389_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="389 BCE">389 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wu_Qi" title="Wu Qi">Wu Qi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">State of Chu</a>, enacts his first series of political, municipal, and martial reforms. Wu Qi gains the ire and distrust of Chu officials and aristocratic elite who are against his crusades to sweep up corruption in the state and limit their power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/388_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="388 BCE">388 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, having left <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> on <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a>' death to visit <a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, travels to <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> at the invitation of <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysius I's</a> brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Dion_(tyrant_of_Syracuse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dion (tyrant of Syracuse)">Dion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/387_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="387 BCE">387 BCE</a>: Under the threat of Spartan intervention, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a> disbands its league, and <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> end their shared government. Corinth, deprived of its strong ally, is incorporated back into Sparta's <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a>. After eight years of fighting, the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_War" title="Corinthian War">Corinthian War</a> is at an end.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/387_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="387 BCE">387 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, where he teaches <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> until <a href="/wiki/347_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="347 BCE">347 BCE</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/387_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="387 BCE">387 BCE</a>: Romans are defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> under <a href="/wiki/Brennus_(4th_century_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brennus (4th century BC)">Brennus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Allia" title="Battle of the Allia">Battle of the Allia</a> who then go on to occupy the city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. After the Gauls leave again the Romans begin the rebuilding of their city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/386_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="386 BCE">386 BCE</a>: Freed from <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> attacks by the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Antalcidas" title="Peace of Antalcidas">Peace of Antalcidas</a> of the previous year, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persia</a> turns to quieting <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Owing to the skill of King <a href="/wiki/Evagoras_I" title="Evagoras I">Evagoras</a> of Cyprus and of Egypt's Greek <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenary</a> general <a href="/wiki/Chabrias" title="Chabrias">Chabrias</a>, these wars drag on for the rest of the decade.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/386_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="386 BCE">386 BCE</a>: The <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Chinese</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a> is founded by the <a href="/wiki/Zhao_(state)" title="Zhao (state)">State of Zhao</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/385_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="385 BCE">385 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> forms his <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a>, teaching <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">sciences</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. It is dedicated to the Attic hero <a href="/wiki/Akademos" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademos">Academus</a>. Philanthropists bear all costs; students pay no fees.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/384_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="384 BCE">384 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lysias" title="Lysias">Lysias</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> orator, on the occasion of the <a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebuke" title="Rebuke">rebukes</a> the Greeks for allowing themselves to be dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracusan</a> tyrant <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Syracuse" title="Dionysius I of Syracuse">Dionysius I</a> and by the barbarian <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persians</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/384_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="384 BCE">384 BCE</a>: The Greeks found the colony of Pharos at the site of today's <a href="/wiki/Stari_Grad,_Croatia" title="Stari Grad, Croatia">Stari Grad</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Hvar" title="Hvar">Hvar</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Iadasinoi</a> warriors brought in for its defense.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/383_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="383 BCE">383 BCE</a>: The 19 year <a href="/wiki/Lunar_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar cycle">lunar cycle</a> is introduced into the <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> calendar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/383_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="383 BCE">383 BCE</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Second_Buddhist_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Buddhist council">second Buddhist council</a> is convened by king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalasoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalasoka (page does not exist)">Kalasoka</a> and held at <a href="/wiki/Vaisali" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaisali">Vaisali</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/381_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="381 BCE">381 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> increases its hold on central <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> by reestablishing the city of <a href="/wiki/Plataea" title="Plataea">Plataea</a>, which Sparta formerly destroyed in <a href="/wiki/427_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="427 BCE">427 BCE</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/381_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="381 BCE">381 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wu_Qi" title="Wu Qi">Wu Qi</a> is assassinated at the funeral of King Diao of Chu, although his assassins are executed shortly after by the newly enthroned King Su of Chu.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/380_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="380 BCE">380 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a> forces the <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenians</a> to withdraw their general <a href="/wiki/Chabrias" title="Chabrias">Chabrias</a> from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Chabrias has been successfully supporting the Egyptian Pharaohs in maintaining their independence from the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/380_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="380 BCE">380 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cleombrotus_I" title="Cleombrotus I">Cleombrotus I</a> succeeds his brother <a href="/wiki/Agesipolis_I" title="Agesipolis I">Agesipolis I</a> as king of <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="370s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/370s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="370s BCE">370s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 370s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/376_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="376 BCE">376 BCE</a>: The states of <a href="/wiki/Han_(Warring_States)" title="Han (Warring States)">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhao_(state)" title="Zhao (state)">Zhao</a> deposed <a href="/wiki/Duke_Jing_of_Jin_(Jujiu)" title="Duke Jing of Jin (Jujiu)">Duke Jing of Jin</a> and divided the last remaining <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">Jin</a> territory between themselves, which marked the final end of the Jin state.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="360s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/360s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="360s BCE">360s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 360s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/361_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="361 BCE">361 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Duke_Xiao_of_Qin" title="Duke Xiao of Qin">Duke Xiao</a> became ruler of <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="350s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/350s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="350s BCE">350s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 350s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/356_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="356 BCE">356 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang Yang</a> implemented his first set of reforms in <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="340s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/340s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="340s BCE">340s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 340s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/344_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="344 BCE">344 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/King_Hui_of_Wei" title="King Hui of Wei">Duke Hui</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a> is the first to claim the royal title of king (Chinese: 王) for himself, proclaiming themselves fully independent kingdoms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/344_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="344 BCE">344 BCE</a>: The rulers of <a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a> mutually recognized each other as "kings": <a href="/wiki/King_Wei_of_Qi" title="King Wei of Qi">King Wei of Qi</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Hui_of_Wei" title="King Hui of Wei">King Hui of Wei</a>, in effect declaring their independence from the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> court.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/343_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="343 BCE">343 BCE</a>: State of <a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a> wins the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maling" title="Battle of Maling">Battle of Maling</a> over <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a> that takes place in Maling, currently Dazhangjia Town, <a href="/wiki/Shen_County" title="Shen County">Shen County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> Province, during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>. After the death of Pang Juan, Prince Shen was captured by Qi. The power of the state of Wei decreased considerably after this battle.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="330s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/330s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="330s BCE">330s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 330s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/338_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="338 BCE">338 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Huiwen_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="Huiwen of Qin">King Huiwen</a> becomes ruler of <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/331_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="331 BCE">331 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> Wins the Battle of Gaugamela, effectively ending Persian hegemony. He would spend much of the 330s conquering the remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/331_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="331 BCE">331 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a> rises to its peak in 334 BCE, when it conquers <a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Yue</a> to its east on the Pacific coast.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="320s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/320s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="320s BCE">320s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 320s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/326_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="326 BCE">326 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hydaspes" title="Battle of the Hydaspes">Battle of the Hydaspes</a> is fought between <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Porus" title="Porus">Porus</a> on the banks of <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum river</a>. The battle resulted in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poris_(North_Indian_kingdom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poris (North Indian kingdom) (page does not exist)">Porus</a> victory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/323_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="323 BCE">323 BCE</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Death of Alexander the Great">dies</a>, ten days after being taken ill after a prolonged banquet and drinking bout.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/323_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="323 BCE">323 BCE</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Babylon" title="Partition of Babylon">Partition of Babylon</a> sets out the division of the territories conquered by Alexander the Great between his generals. The partition is a result of a compromise, essentially brokered by <a href="/wiki/Eumenes" title="Eumenes">Eumenes</a>, following a conflict of opinion between the party of <a href="/wiki/Meleager_(general)" title="Meleager (general)">Meleager</a>, who wishes to give full power to <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III</a>, and the party of <a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>, who wishes to wait for the birth of the heir of Alexander and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a> to give him the throne under the control of a regent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/322_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="322 BCE">322 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> overthrows <a href="/wiki/Dhana_Nanda" title="Dhana Nanda">Dhana Nanda</a> and becomes King of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a>. Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="310s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/310s_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="310s BCE">310s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 310s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/316_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="316 BCE">316 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Shu_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shu (state)">Shu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/314_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="314 BCE">314 BCE</a>: Upon the ascension of <a href="/wiki/King_Nan_of_Zhou" title="King Nan of Zhou">King Nan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou_(state)" title="Eastern Zhou (state)">East Zhou</a> becomes an independent state. The king comes to reside in what becomes known as West Zhou.<sup id="cite_ref-Shi_Ji,_chapter_4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shi_Ji,_chapter_4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="311 BCE">311 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/King_Hui_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="King Hui of Qin">King Hui of Qin</a> dies, follows by prime minister Zhang Yi one year later. The new monarch, <a href="/wiki/King_Wu_of_Qin" title="King Wu of Qin">King Wu</a>, reigns only four years before dying without legitimate heirs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="300s_BCE"><a href="/wiki/300s_BC_(decade)" title="300s BC (decade)">300s BCE</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 300s BCE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/309_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="309 BCE">309 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> personally commands a fleet that captures the coastal regions of <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a> from Antigonus.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/309_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="309 BCE">309 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a>, who has held <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a>, widow of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, in prison for a number of years, has her put to death along with her young son Alexander, the nominal King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV of Macedon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/309_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="309 BCE">309 BCE</a>: Soon after the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">State of Qin</a> has conquered the <a href="/wiki/Shu_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shu (state)">State of Shu</a> (in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> province), they employ the Shu engineer Bi Ling to create the Guanxian <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> system, which will eventually provide for over five million people in an area of 40 to 50 square miles (130 km<sup>2</sup>), still in use today.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/308_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="308 BCE">308 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> crosses from <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> into <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a>, where he takes possession of <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Diodorus37_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diodorus37-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/308_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="308 BCE">308 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> makes peace with <a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a><sup id="cite_ref-Diodorus37_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diodorus37-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/308_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="308 BCE">308 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_of_Macedon" title="Cleopatra of Macedon">Cleopatra of Macedon</a> is assassinated by the order of <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus</a><sup id="cite_ref-Diodorus37_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diodorus37-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/307_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="307 BCE">307 BCE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/Musaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Musaeum">Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a> with the help of Demetrius Phalereus. Like <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, Ptolemy has studied under <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> and staffs the museum with some 100 professors paid by the state.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/307_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="307 BCE">307 BCE</a>: The city of <a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a> in Sicily is destroyed by Agathocles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/307_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="307 BCE">307 BCE</a>: The Chinese <a href="/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao" title="King Wuling of Zhao">King Wuling of Zhao</a> reforms the military of the <a href="/wiki/Zhao_(state)" title="Zhao (state)">State of Zhao</a> by putting more emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> over <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">charioteers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/304_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="304 BCE">304 BCE</a>: The tyrant <a href="/wiki/Agathocles" title="Agathocles">Agathocles</a> takes on the title of King of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. He extends his influence into southern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/304_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="304 BCE">304 BCE</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Maurya" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya">Mauryan</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucos I</a> as he tries to invade <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>'s Eastern <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">Satrapies</a> ceded to <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryan</a> Empire.</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/301_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="301 BCE">301 BCE</a>: The southern part of Syria is occupied by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip-ii-of-macedon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Philip-ii-of-macedon.jpg/120px-Philip-ii-of-macedon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Philip-ii-of-macedon.jpg/180px-Philip-ii-of-macedon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Philip-ii-of-macedon.jpg/240px-Philip-ii-of-macedon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/120px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/180px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg/240px-Demosthenes_orator_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xenophon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Xenophon.jpg/120px-Xenophon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Xenophon.jpg/180px-Xenophon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Xenophon.jpg/240px-Xenophon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plato_Pio-Clementino_Inv305_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Plato_Pio-Clementino_Inv305_n2.jpg/120px-Plato_Pio-Clementino_Inv305_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Plato_Pio-Clementino_Inv305_n2.jpg/180px-Plato_Pio-Clementino_Inv305_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Plato_Pio-Clementino_Inv305_n2.jpg/240px-Plato_Pio-Clementino_Inv305_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2515" data-file-height="3550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg/120px-Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg/180px-Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg/240px-Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2565" data-file-height="3419" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/120px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/180px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/240px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2275" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diogenes_Mosaic_R%C3%B6misch-Germanisches_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Diogenes_Mosaic_R%C3%B6misch-Germanisches_Museum.jpg/120px-Diogenes_Mosaic_R%C3%B6misch-Germanisches_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Diogenes_Mosaic_R%C3%B6misch-Germanisches_Museum.jpg/180px-Diogenes_Mosaic_R%C3%B6misch-Germanisches_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Diogenes_Mosaic_R%C3%B6misch-Germanisches_Museum.jpg/240px-Diogenes_Mosaic_R%C3%B6misch-Germanisches_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg/120px-Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg/180px-Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg/240px-Epikouros_BM_1843.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2533" data-file-height="3800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, king of Macedon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I Monophthalmus</a>, Macedonian <a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">diadoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a>, Macedonian statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appius_Claudius_Caecus" title="Appius Claudius Caecus">Appius Claudius Caecus</a>, Roman statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropates" title="Atropates">Atropates</a>, Persian nobleman that founded an independent kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessus" title="Bessus">Bessus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a>, King of Macedon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a>, Founder of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a>, Macedonian diadoch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius Poliocretes</a>, King of Macedon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>, Athenian statesman and orator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhana_Nanda" title="Dhana Nanda">Dhana Nanda</a>, last emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Xiao_of_Qin" title="Duke Xiao of Qin">Duke Xiao of Qin</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaminondas" title="Epaminondas">Epaminondas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Theban</a> statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao" title="King Wuling of Zhao">King Wuling of Zhao</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Zhao_(state)" title="Zhao (state)">Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a>, Macedonian diadoch and king of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapadma_Nanda" title="Mahapadma Nanda">Mahapadma Nanda</a>, founding emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manius_Curius_Dentatus" title="Manius Curius Dentatus">Manius Curius Dentatus</a>, Roman statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nakhthorheb</a>, last native Pharaoh of Egypt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelopidas" title="Pelopidas">Pelopidas</a>, Theban statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>, Macedonian diadoch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a>, King of Macedon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a>, Macedonian diadoch and king of Egypt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Porus the Elder">Porus</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Pauravas" title="Pauravas">Pauravas</a>, in the Indian Subcontinent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a>, Macedonian diadoh and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang Yang</a>, Chinese statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Qin" title="Su Qin">Su Qin</a>, Chinese politician and strategist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_leaders">Military leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Military leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestion" title="Hephaestion">Hephaestion</a>, Macedonian general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pang_Juan" title="Pang Juan">Pang Juan</a>, Chinese general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenion" title="Parmenion">Parmenion</a>, Macedonian general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Ji" title="Tian Ji">Tian Ji</a>, Chinese general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yi_(Warring_States_period)" title="Zhang Yi (Warring States period)">Zhang Yi</a>, Chinese strategist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apelles" title="Apelles">Apelles</a>, Greek painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisodotus_the_Elder" title="Cephisodotus the Elder">Cephisodotus the Elder</a>, Greek sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leochares" title="Leochares">Leochares</a>, Greek sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysippos" title="Lysippos">Lysippos</a>, Greek sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxiteles" title="Praxiteles">Praxiteles</a>, Greek sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopas" title="Scopas">Scopas</a>, Greek sculptor and architect</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_of_Phalerum" title="Demetrius of Phalerum">Demetrius of Phalerum</a>, Greek rhetorician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocrates" title="Isocrates">Isocrates</a>, Greek rhetorician and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a>, Greek playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesicritus" title="Onesicritus">Onesicritus</a>, Greek historical writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu_Yuan" title="Qu Yuan">Qu Yuan</a>, Chinese poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides of Ceos</a>, Greek <a href="/wiki/Lyric_poetry" title="Lyric poetry">lyric</a> poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, Greek historian and writer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_philosophy">Science and philosophy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Science and philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Lampsacus" title="Anaximenes of Lampsacus">Anaximenes of Lampsacus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhetorician" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhetorician">rhetorician</a> and historian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archytas" title="Archytas">Archytas</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristippus" title="Aristippus">Aristippus</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisthenes" title="Callisthenes">Callisthenes</a>, Greek historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a>, Indian economist and political advisor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crates_of_Thebes" title="Crates of Thebes">Crates of Thebes</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_of_Sinope" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogenes of Sinope">Diogenes of Sinope</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a>, Chinese philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Panini</a>, Indian philosopher and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrho" title="Pyrrho">Pyrrho</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a>, Greek Philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speusippus" title="Speusippus">Speusippus</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Bin" title="Sun Bin">Sun Bin</a>, Chinese author and military strategist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Qi" title="Wu Qi">Wu Qi</a>, Chinese military strategist and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenocrates" title="Xenocrates">Xenocrates</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, Greek philosopher, writer and historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium" title="Zeno of Citium">Zeno of Citium</a>, Greek philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou">Zhuangzi</a>, Chinese philosopher</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_professionals">Health professionals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Health professionals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnodice" title="Agnodice">Agnodice</a>, female Athenian physician and midwife</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions"><span id="Inventions.2C_discoveries.2C_introductions"></span>Inventions, discoveries, introductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Inventions, discoveries, introductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_historic_inventions#4th_century_BC" title="Timeline of historic inventions">Timeline of historic inventions § 4th century BC</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChineseCrossbow.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChineseCrossbow.JPG/200px-ChineseCrossbow.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChineseCrossbow.JPG/300px-ChineseCrossbow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChineseCrossbow.JPG/400px-ChineseCrossbow.JPG 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> Chinese <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbow</a> from the 2nd century BCE.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Oldest <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> dates from this period. Brāhmī is the ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a>, used in much of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> build their first <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(Roman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueduct (Roman)">aqueduct</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese</a> use the handheld trigger <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbow</a> for the first time.</li> <li>The first crossbow, the <a href="/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes">gastraphetes</a>, is invented at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a>. (pre-421 BCE)</li> <li>Donkey-powered mills or 'Pompeiian Mills' were first used in Greece and Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Greece, Aristotle proposes the division of the known sciences.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torque</a> with lion's-head terminals, from <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Shush,_Iran" title="Shush, Iran">Shush, Iran</a>) was made. It is now in <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>, Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_daric" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian daric">Daric</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coin</a> first minted under <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> is made. It is now kept in <a href="/wiki/Charles_Buller_Heberden" title="Charles Buller Heberden">Heberden</a> Coin Room, <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>.</li> <li>Second half of the 4th century BCE – Tomb II, so called Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vergina" title="Vergina">Vergina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a> is made.</li> <li>Starting in the year <a href="/wiki/309_BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="309 BCE">309 BCE</a>, the later Chinese historian <a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qian</a> (145 BCE–90 BCE) wrote that the Qin-employed engineer Bi Ling of the newly conquered <a href="/wiki/Shu_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shu (state)">State of Shu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> had the shoulder of a mountain cut through, making the <a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan" title="Dujiangyan">'Separated Hill'</a> that abated the Mo River, and excavated two canals in the plain of <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>. The significance of this was phenomenal, as it allowed the new Guardian <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> system to populate an area of some 40 by 50 miles (60 × 80 km) with over five million people, still in use today (Needham, <i>Science and Civilization in China</i>, Volume 4, Part 3, 288).</li> <li>The Chinese astronomer <a href="/wiki/Gan_De" title="Gan De">Gan De</a> divides the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere">celestial sphere</a> into 365¼ degrees, and the tropical year into 365¼ days at a time when most astronomers used the <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> division of the celestial sphere as 360 degrees (Deng, Yinke. [2005] (2005). <i>Chinese Ancient Inventions</i>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-5085-0837-8" title="Special:BookSources/7-5085-0837-8">7-5085-0837-8</a>).</li> <li>First <a href="/wiki/Formal_system" title="Formal system">formal system</a> by <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapada" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahajanapada">Mahajanapada</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">ancient India</a> and written in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sovereign_states">Sovereign states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sovereign states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_4th_century_BC" title="List of political entities in the 4th century BC">List of political entities in the 4th century BC</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shi_Ji,_chapter_4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shi_Ji,_chapter_4_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shi Ji, chapter 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diodorus37-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diodorus37_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diodorus37_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diodorus37_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiculus" class="citation book cs1">Siculus, Diodorus. "37". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/20B*.html#37"><i>Library</i></a>. Vol. XX.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=37&rft.btitle=Library&rft.aulast=Siculus&rft.aufirst=Diodorus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FDiodorus_Siculus%2F20B%2A.html%2337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4th+century+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts" class="citation web cs1">Watts, Sue. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.millsarchive.org/animal-powered-mills-in-a-bakery-in-pompeii">"Pompeiian Mill (Animal Powered)"</a>. <i>Mills Archive Catalogue</i>. The Mills Archive Trust<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mills+Archive+Catalogue&rft.atitle=Pompeiian+Mill+%28Animal+Powered%29&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.millsarchive.org%2Fanimal-powered-mills-in-a-bakery-in-pompeii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A4th+century+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:4th_century_BC" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:4th century BC">4th century BC</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Decades_and_years" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decades_and_years" title="Template:Decades and years"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decades_and_years" title="Template talk:Decades and years"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decades_and_years" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decades and years"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Decades_and_years" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">Decades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">years</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>4th century <small>BC</small></b><br /><small><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/6th_century_BC" title="6th century BC">6th century <small>BC</small></a> ← <a href="/wiki/5th_century_BC" title="5th century BC">5th century <small>BC</small></a> ← ↔ → <a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC" title="3rd century BC">3rd century <small>BC</small></a> → <a href="/wiki/2nd_century_BC" title="2nd century BC">2nd century <small>BC</small></a></span></small> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="text-align: center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/400s_BC_(decade)" title="400s BC (decade)"><b>400s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/409_BC" title="409 BC">409 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/408_BC" title="408 BC">408 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/407_BC" title="407 BC">407 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/406_BC" title="406 BC">406 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/405_BC" title="405 BC">405 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/404_BC" title="404 BC">404 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/403_BC" title="403 BC">403 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/402_BC" title="402 BC">402 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/401_BC" title="401 BC">401 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/400_BC" title="400 BC">400 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/390s_BC" title="390s BC"><b>390s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/399_BC" title="399 BC">399 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/398_BC" title="398 BC">398 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/397_BC" title="397 BC">397 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/396_BC" title="396 BC">396 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/395_BC" title="395 BC">395 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/394_BC" title="394 BC">394 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/393_BC" title="393 BC">393 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/392_BC" title="392 BC">392 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/391_BC" title="391 BC">391 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/390_BC" title="390 BC">390 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/380s_BC" title="380s BC"><b>380s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/389_BC" title="389 BC">389 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/388_BC" title="388 BC">388 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/387_BC" title="387 BC">387 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/386_BC" title="386 BC">386 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/385_BC" title="385 BC">385 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/384_BC" title="384 BC">384 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/383_BC" title="383 BC">383 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/382_BC" title="382 BC">382 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/381_BC" title="381 BC">381 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/380_BC" title="380 BC">380 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/370s_BC" title="370s BC"><b>370s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/379_BC" title="379 BC">379 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/378_BC" title="378 BC">378 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/377_BC" title="377 BC">377 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/376_BC" title="376 BC">376 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/375_BC" title="375 BC">375 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/374_BC" title="374 BC">374 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/373_BC" title="373 BC">373 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/372_BC" title="372 BC">372 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/371_BC" title="371 BC">371 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/370_BC" title="370 BC">370 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/360s_BC" title="360s BC"><b>360s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/369_BC" title="369 BC">369 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/368_BC" title="368 BC">368 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/367_BC" title="367 BC">367 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/366_BC" title="366 BC">366 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/365_BC" title="365 BC">365 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/364_BC" title="364 BC">364 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/363_BC" title="363 BC">363 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/362_BC" title="362 BC">362 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/361_BC" title="361 BC">361 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/360_BC" title="360 BC">360 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/350s_BC" title="350s BC"><b>350s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/359_BC" title="359 BC">359 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/358_BC" title="358 BC">358 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/357_BC" title="357 BC">357 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/356_BC" title="356 BC">356 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/355_BC" title="355 BC">355 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/354_BC" title="354 BC">354 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/353_BC" title="353 BC">353 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/352_BC" title="352 BC">352 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/351_BC" title="351 BC">351 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/350_BC" title="350 BC">350 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/340s_BC" title="340s BC"><b>340s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/349_BC" title="349 BC">349 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/348_BC" title="348 BC">348 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/347_BC" title="347 BC">347 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/346_BC" title="346 BC">346 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/345_BC" title="345 BC">345 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/344_BC" title="344 BC">344 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/343_BC" title="343 BC">343 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/342_BC" title="342 BC">342 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/341_BC" title="341 BC">341 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/340_BC" title="340 BC">340 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/330s_BC" title="330s BC"><b>330s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/339_BC" title="339 BC">339 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/338_BC" title="338 BC">338 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/337_BC" title="337 BC">337 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/336_BC" title="336 BC">336 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/335_BC" title="335 BC">335 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/334_BC" title="334 BC">334 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/333_BC" title="333 BC">333 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/332_BC" title="332 BC">332 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/331_BC" title="331 BC">331 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/330_BC" title="330 BC">330 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/320s_BC" title="320s BC"><b>320s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/329_BC" title="329 BC">329 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/328_BC" title="328 BC">328 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/327_BC" title="327 BC">327 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/326_BC" title="326 BC">326 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/325_BC" title="325 BC">325 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/324_BC" title="324 BC">324 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/323_BC" title="323 BC">323 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/322_BC" title="322 BC">322 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/321_BC" title="321 BC">321 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/320_BC" title="320 BC">320 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/310s_BC" title="310s BC"><b>310s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/319_BC" title="319 BC">319 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/318_BC" title="318 BC">318 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/317_BC" title="317 BC">317 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/316_BC" title="316 BC">316 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/315_BC" title="315 BC">315 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/314_BC" title="314 BC">314 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/313_BC" title="313 BC">313 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/312_BC" title="312 BC">312 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/311_BC" title="311 BC">311 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/310_BC" title="310 BC">310 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/300s_BC_(decade)" title="300s BC (decade)"><b>300s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/309_BC" title="309 BC">309 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/308_BC" title="308 BC">308 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/307_BC" title="307 BC">307 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/306_BC" title="306 BC">306 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/305_BC" title="305 BC">305 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/304_BC" title="304 BC">304 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/303_BC" title="303 BC">303 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/302_BC" title="302 BC">302 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/301_BC" title="301 BC">301 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/300_BC" title="300 BC">300 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/290s_BC" title="290s BC"><b>290s <small>BC</small></b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/299_BC" title="299 BC">299 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/298_BC" title="298 BC">298 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/297_BC" title="297 BC">297 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/296_BC" title="296 BC">296 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/295_BC" title="295 BC">295 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/294_BC" title="294 BC">294 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/293_BC" title="293 BC">293 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/292_BC" title="292 BC">292 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/291_BC" title="291 BC">291 <small>BC</small></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/290_BC" title="290 BC">290 <small>BC</small></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Centuries_and_millennia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Centuries" title="Template:Centuries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Centuries" title="Template talk:Centuries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Centuries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Centuries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Centuries_and_millennia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">Centuries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">millennia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="text-align:center;width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#efefef; width:10%;">Millennium</th> <th colspan="10" style="background-color:#efefef; width:90%;">Century</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="11" style="background-color:#ccf;">BC (BCE)</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:9%"><b><a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th</a></b></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/40th_century_BC" title="40th century BC">40th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/39th_century_BC" title="39th century BC">39th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/38th_century_BC" title="38th century BC">38th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/37th_century_BC" title="37th century BC">37th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/36th_century_BC" title="36th century BC">36th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/35th_century_BC" title="35th century BC">35th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/34th_century_BC" title="34th century BC">34th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/33rd_century_BC" title="33rd century BC">33rd</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/32nd_century_BC" title="32nd century BC">32nd</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/31st_century_BC" title="31st century BC">31st</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium_BC" title="3rd millennium BC">3rd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_century_BC" title="30th century BC">30th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/29th_century_BC" title="29th century BC">29th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/28th_century_BC" title="28th century BC">28th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_century_BC" title="27th century BC">27th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_century_BC" title="26th century BC">26th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_century_BC" title="25th century BC">25th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_century_BC" title="24th century BC">24th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_century_BC" title="23rd century BC">23rd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_century_BC" title="22nd century BC">22nd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/21st_century_BC" title="21st century BC">21st</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_century_BC" title="20th century BC">20th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/19th_century_BC" title="19th century BC">19th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_century_BC" title="18th century BC">18th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_century_BC" title="17th century BC">17th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_century_BC" title="16th century BC">16th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_century_BC" title="15th century BC">15th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_century_BC" title="14th century BC">14th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_century_BC" title="13th century BC">13th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_century_BC" title="12th century BC">12th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_century_BC" title="11th century BC">11th</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">1st</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_century_BC" title="10th century BC">10th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_century_BC" title="9th century BC">9th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_century_BC" title="8th century BC">8th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_century_BC" title="7th century BC">7th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_century_BC" title="6th century BC">6th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_century_BC" title="5th century BC">5th</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC" title="3rd century BC">3rd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_century_BC" title="2nd century BC">2nd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_century_BC" title="1st century BC">1st</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="11" style="background-color:#ccf;">AD (CE)</th> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_century" title="1st century">1st</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_century" title="2nd century">2nd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_century" title="3rd century">3rd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_century" title="4th century">4th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_century" title="5th century">5th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_century" title="6th century">6th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century">7th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_century" title="10th century">10th</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd century">22nd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd century">23rd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="24th century">24th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="25th century">25th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="26th century">26th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="27th century">27th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/28th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="28th century">28th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/29th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="29th century">29th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="30th century">30th</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25335#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ch460502&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&oldid=1255871323">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&oldid=1255871323</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4th_century_BC" title="Category:4th century BC">4th century BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1st_millennium_BC" title="Category:1st millennium BC">1st millennium BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Centuries" title="Category:Centuries">Centuries</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 02:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_century_BC&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-cnx88","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.978","walltime":"1.207","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26813,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":210295,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18286,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":33,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":41944,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1026.067 1 -total"," 30.99% 318.000 2 Template:Navbox"," 30.90% 317.096 1 Template:Decades_and_years"," 26.24% 269.247 1 Template:Decades_and_years/table"," 23.27% 238.738 12 Template:Decades_and_years/row"," 23.01% 236.090 12 Template:Decades_and_years/decaswitch"," 22.60% 231.930 12 Template:Decades_and_years/decade"," 19.75% 202.648 120 Template:Decades_and_years/year"," 19.65% 201.639 132 Template:Decades_and_years/box"," 18.70% 191.831 120 Template:Decades_and_years/yearbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.417","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22136072,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-svt9k","timestamp":"20241123151350","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"4th century BC","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/4th_century_BC","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q25335","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q25335","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-29T12:33:33Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T02:17:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e1\/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic.jpg","headline":"century"}</script> </body> </html>