CINXE.COM
Leading News Stories, Lead Stories, Expert Views, Opinions, Analysis - The Hindu
<!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" ><head><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/feeder/default.rss"><title> Leading News Stories, Lead Stories, Expert Views, Opinions, Analysis - The Hindu </title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name="title" content="Leading News Stories, Lead Stories, Expert Views, Opinions, Analysis" /><meta name="description" content="The Hindu Provides Analysis, Opinions, Comments &amp; Expert Views On Leading &amp; Breaking Stories From All Around The World" /><meta name="keywords" content="ead news,lead stories,lead story,leading news stories"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta name="atdlayout" content="sectionpage" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Leading News Stories, Lead Stories, Expert Views, Opinions, Analysis"><meta name="twitter:description" content="The Hindu Provides Analysis, Opinions, Comments &amp; Expert Views On Leading &amp; Breaking Stories From All Around The World"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/OG-sections.png"><meta name="cXenseParse:title" content="" /><meta name="cXenseParse:description" content=""/><meta property="og:title" content="Leading News Stories, Lead Stories, Expert Views, Opinions, Analysis" /><meta property="og:description" content="The Hindu Provides Analysis, Opinions, Comments &amp; Expert Views On Leading &amp; Breaking Stories From All Around The World" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/OG-sections.png" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/" /><meta property="al:android:url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=771672321" /><meta name="google-signin-client_id" content="853251516072-1eudfpp9hhjtjp31fpm8g9fus3ig0ec3.apps.googleusercontent.com" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="jlS-WsOVad-iw4X4xO0EJnHuzr3pK7WqXt3oCy7jpXI" /><meta name="msvalidate:01" content="00762243DAFA333A5A6D97CE4545BDB2" /><meta name="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /><meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.mobstac.thehindu" /><meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="771672321" /><meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="The Hindu (Official App)" /><meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="The Hindu" /><meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="The Hindu for iPhone" /><meta name="twitter:apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=771672321" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:domain" content="thehindu.com" /><meta name="twitter:google-play-app" content="app-id=com.mobstac.thehindu" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@The_Hindu" /><meta name="yandex-verification" content="ff4648e5089d361d" /><meta property="al:android:app_name" content="The Hindu" /><meta property="al:android:package" content="com.mobstac.thehindu" /><meta property="fb:app_id" content="137450626398044" /><meta property="fb:pages" content="163974433696568" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Hindu" /><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.thehindu.com/favicon.ico" /><link rel="icon" type="image/ico" href="https://www.thehindu.com/favicon.ico" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/" /><link href="https://b.scorecardresearch.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://b.scorecardresearch.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://tpc.googlesyndication.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://tpc.googlesyndication.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://www.google-analytics.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://www.google-analytics.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://wzrkt.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://wzrkt.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://ads.pubmatic.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://ads.pubmatic.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://cdn.tinypass.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://cdn.tinypass.com/" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://experience.tinypass.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://experience.tinypass.com/" rel="preconnect"><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/logo.png" as="image"><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" as="image"><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ 'pageDetails' : { 'pageType' : 'section' ,'contentSubCategory' : 'lead','contentCategory' : 'opinion' } }); </script><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (tp.user.isUserValid()) { dataLayer.push({ 'data' : { 'email': tp.pianoId.getUser().email, 'uid': tp.pianoId.getUser().uid, 'platform': thgpiplatform() } }); } }]); </script><link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1739954206" as="style"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1739954206" /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online.min.css?ver=1739954278" as="style"><link rel="preload" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;0,900;1,300;1,400;1,700;1,900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;600;700;800;900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;0,900;1,300;1,400;1,700;1,900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;600;700;800;900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"></noscript><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online.min.css?ver=1739954278" /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/require.min.js?ver=1739954162" as="script"><script src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/require.min.js?ver=1739954162" data-cfasync="false" ></script><script data-cfasync="false"> require.config({ // Local Directory baseUrl: "https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js", // Script Locations paths: { "jquery":"3.4.1/jquery.min", "slick": "th-online/slick.min", "jplayer": "th-online/jquery.jplayer.min", "jplayerlist": "th-online/jplayer.playlist.min", "marquee": "th-online/jquery.marquee.min", "bootstrap": "th-online/bootstrap.min", "bootstrap-datepicker": "th-online/bootstrap-datepicker.min", "iframeResizer": "iframeResizer.min", "iframecontent": "iframeResizer.contentWindow.min", "moment": "moment.min", "crypto": "crypto-js.min", "jquery-ui":"jquery-ui-1.13.2.min", "ua-parser": "ua-parser.min","count":"count.min","owlCarousel":"th-online/owl.carousel.min","custom":"https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/th-online/custom.min.js?ver=1739954321",}, shim: { 'slick': ['jquery'], 'owlCarousel': ['jquery'], 'jplayerlist': ['jquery','jplayer'] }, waitSeconds:0 }); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> require(['jquery','bootstrap','custom']); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(w,d,s,r,k,h,m){ if(w.performance && w.performance.timing && w.performance.navigation) { w[r] = w[r] || function(){(w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(arguments)}; (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['trackConsoleEvents',true]); (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['addBreadCrumbs',"setTimeoutFunction"]); tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (tp.user.isUserValid()) { (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['userId',tp.pianoId.getUser().email]); } }]); h=d.createElement('script');h.async=true;h.setAttribute('src',s+k); d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(h); (m = window.onerror),(window.onerror = function (b, c, d, f, g) { m && m(b, c, d, f, g),g || (g = new Error(b)),(w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(["captureException",g]);}) } })(window,document,'//static.site24x7rum.in/beacon/site24x7rum-min.js?appKey=','s247r','b8eb5ce1271ee86c501613f5d0cb5745'); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> if(!(window.fetch&&window.Promise&&[].includes&&Object.assign&&window.Map)){ document.write('<script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v2/polyfill.min.js?features=default,fetch"></scr'+'ipt>'); } </script><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> !function(){const e=()=>{const e="__tcfapiLocator",t=[],n=window;let o,s,a=n;for(;a;){try{if(a.frames[e]){o=a;break}}catch(c){}if(a===n.top)break;a=a.parent}o||(!function t(){const o=n.document,s=!!n.frames[e];if(!s)if(o.body){const t=o.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,o.body.appendChild(t)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!s}(),n.__tcfapi=function(...e){if(!e.length)return t;"setGdprApplies"===e[0]?e.length>3&&2===parseInt(e[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof e[3]&&(s=e[3],"function"==typeof e[2]&&e[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===e[0]?"function"==typeof e[2]&&e[2]({gdprApplies:s,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):t.push(e)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(e){const t="string"==typeof e.data;let n={};if(t)try{n=JSON.parse(e.data)}catch(c){}else n=e.data;const o="object"==typeof n&&null!==n?n.__tcfapiCall:null;o&&window.__tcfapi(o.command,o.version,(function(n,s){let a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:n,success:s,callId:o.callId}};e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),o.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e:e()}(); </script><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> var thgCookieConsent = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { let script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = "https://consent.truste.com/notice?domain=thehindugroup.com&c=teconsent>m=1&pcookie&js=nj¬iceType=bb>m=1&text=true"; script.async = true; script.onload = function(){ resolve(script); } script.onerror =function(){ resolve(script); } document.head.append(script); }); </script><script type = "text/javascript" data-cfasync = "false" > function appURL(){ return "https://www.thehindu.com/"; } function pageType(){ return "sec"; } function pageTypeName(){return "Section";} var DevIdf = { isMobile: false, isTablet: false, isDesktop: false, isMobileAndroid: false, isMobileIos: false, isLargeDesktop: false }; var ClientdeviceType = { "xlarge": "(min-width: 1600px)", "large": "(min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1599px)", "small": "(max-width: 767px)", "medium": "(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)" }; var userAgent = navigator.userAgent || navigator.vendor || window.opera; function isDeviceEnabled(DeviceValue) {if (DeviceValue == "large" && (DevIdf.isDesktop || DevIdf.isLargeDesktop || DevIdf.isTablet)) { return true; }else if (DeviceValue == "medium" && DevIdf.isTablet) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "small" && DevIdf.isMobile) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "twa" && (DevIdf.isMobileAndroid || DevIdf.isMobileIos)) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "all") { return true; } return false; } for (var type in ClientdeviceType) { if (window.matchMedia(ClientdeviceType[type]).matches) { switch (type) { case "xlarge": DevIdf.isLargeDesktop = true; break; case "large": DevIdf.isDesktop = true; break; case "medium": DevIdf.isTablet = true; break; case "small": DevIdf.isMobile = true; if( userAgent.match( /iPad/i ) || userAgent.match( /iPhone/i ) || userAgent.match( /iPod/i ) ){ DevIdf.isMobileIos = true; }else{ DevIdf.isMobileAndroid = true; } break; } break; } } function loadScript(url) { var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = url; var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.appendChild(s); } function loadCSS(url) { var link = document.createElement('link'); link.rel = 'stylesheet'; link.href = url; link.type = 'text/css'; var el = document.getElementsByTagName('link')[0]; el.parentNode.insertBefore(link, el); } function getUrlParameter( name, url ) { if (!url) url = location.href; name = name.replace(/[\[]/,"\\\[").replace(/[\]]/,"\\\]"); var regexS = "[\\?&]"+name+"=([^&#]*)"; var regex = new RegExp(regexS,"i"); var results = regex.exec( url ); return results == null ? null : results[1]; } function createCookie(name,value,days) { if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString(); } else var expires = ""; document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/"; } function eraseCookie(name) { createCookie(name,"",-1); } function readCookie(name) { var nameEQ = name + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for(var i=0;i < ca.length;i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1,c.length); if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length,c.length); } return null; } function deleteCookie(name) { createCookiewithdomain(name,null,-1); } function createCookiewithdomain(name,value,days) { if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString(); } else var expires = ""; document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; domain="+document.location.host.match(/\.[.\w]*/)+";path=/"; } function getStorage(name){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) { if (localStorage.getItem(name)){ cookieObj = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(name)); if (cookieObj !== undefined && (cookieObj.e == null || cookieObj.e > new Date())){return cookieObj.v === undefined ? null : cookieObj.v ; } else{localStorage.removeItem(name);} } return null; } else {return readCookie(name);} } function setStorage(name,value,days){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) { var date = new Date(); localStorage.setItem(name,JSON.stringify({"v":value, "e":date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000))})) } else {createCookie(name,value,days);} } function eraseStorage(name){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) {localStorage.removeItem(name);} else{eraseCookie(name)} } var isNonSubcribed = true;function isNonSubcribedUser(){return isNonSubcribed;} var myUserStatus = "anon";function UserCurrentStatus(){return myUserStatus;}var imageSizes = [80, 100, 115, 140, 155 ,170, 215, 230, 240, 300, 320, 355,385, 435, 460, 480,560, 615, 660, 730, 810, 960, 1080, 1140, 1200];function imglazyload(selector){ var lazyImages = []; if(typeof selector !== 'undefined' && selector){ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector +" img.lazy")); } else{ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img.lazy")) } if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) { let lazyImageObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { let lazyImage = entry.target lazyImageloader(lazyImage); lazyImageObserver.unobserve(lazyImage); } }); }); lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { lazyImageObserver.observe(lazyImage); }); } else { lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { lazyImageloader(lazyImage); }); } window.__thgimgloaded = true; } function lazyImageloader(lazyImage){ let variant = lazyImage.dataset.deviceVariant; let imagesrc = lazyImage.dataset.srcTemplate; if(typeof imagesrc !="undefined" && imagesrc != ""){ if(typeof variant !="undefined" && variant != ""){ let position = 0; if(DevIdf.isDesktop){ position = 1; } else if(DevIdf.isTablet){ position = 2; } else if(DevIdf.isMobile){ position = 3; } variant = variant.split("~")[position]; var selected = Math.max.apply(null, imageSizes); for (var i = 0; i < imageSizes.length; i++) { if (lazyImage.offsetWidth <= imageSizes[i]) { selected = imageSizes[i]; break; } } var alterRegEx = new RegExp("alternates\/[a-z0-9_]*", "ig"); imagesrc = imagesrc.replace(alterRegEx,"alternates/"+variant + "_" + selected); lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } else{ lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } } lazyImage.classList.remove("lazy"); }var promiseResolve, promiseReject;userIdentify = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){promiseResolve = resolve;promiseReject = reject;});var thg={required:!0,functional:!1,advertising:!1,requiredCookie:function(){return thg.required},functionalCookie:function(){return thg.functional},advertisingCookie:function(){return thg.advertising}};thgCookieConsent.then(function(){var constentbehavior=readCookie("notice_behavior"),cookieconsent=readCookie("cmapi_cookie_privacy");null==cookieconsent&&null!=constentbehavior&&-1==constentbehavior.indexOf("eu")?(thg.functional=!0,thg.advertising=!0):null!==cookieconsent?(cookieconsent.indexOf("permit")>-1&&cookieconsent.indexOf("2")>-1&&(thg.functional=!0),cookieconsent.indexOf("permit")>-1&&cookieconsent.indexOf("3")>-1&&(thg.advertising=!0)):null==constentbehavior&&(thg.functional=!0,thg.advertising=!0);}); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> var _paq = window._paq || []; var _thg_config = window["_thg_config"] || {}; window._thg_config.ufenpoint = "https://uf.thehindu.com/"; window._thg_config.ufsiteId= "th" </script><script data-cfasync="false"> document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 5 * 1000); document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; }; var script = document.createElement("script"); script.setAttribute("async", true); script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); </script><script data-cfasync="false">(function(src) { var a = document.createElement("script"); a.type = "text/javascript"; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) })("https://experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=DC3REpZYpu"); tp = window["tp"] || [];</script><script data-cfasync="false"> function createElementScript(element, className, id = null, styles = {}) { var el = document.createElement(element); el.className = className; for (var key in styles) { el.style[key] = styles[key]; } if (id != null) { el.id = id; } return el; } function insertElementbegin(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterbegin',insertelement) } function insertElementEnd(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterend',insertelement) } </script><script> window.adfiller = window.adfiller || []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; window.PWT = window.PWT || {}; </script><script data-cfasync="false"> var cX = cX || {}; cX.callQueue = cX.callQueue || []; cX.callQueue.push(['getUserSegmentIds', {persistedQueryId: "6990c6c77067dac0c38997d9445e1eee82681df0", callback: function(segments) { if(typeof window.localStorage === 'object' && typeof window.localStorage.getItem === 'function') { localStorage.setItem("cxSegments", segments.join(",")); } }}]); function getUserSegmentIdsLocal() { var segments = []; if(typeof window.localStorage === 'object' && typeof window.localStorage.getItem === 'function' && localStorage.getItem("cxSegments") !== null && localStorage.getItem("cxSegments").length>0) { segments = localStorage.getItem("cxSegments").split(','); } return segments; } </script><script> function loadGptScript(){ var gads = document.createElement('script'); var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); }function loadPWTScript(){ window.PWT.jsLoaded = function(){ //PubMatic pwt.js on load callback is used to load GPT loadGptScript(); }; (function() { var purl = window.location.href; var url = '//ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/pwt/159088/2116';var profileVersionId = ''; if(purl.indexOf('pwtv=')>0){ var regexp = /pwtv=(.*?)(&|$)/g; var matches = regexp.exec(purl); if(matches.length >= 2 && matches[1].length > 0){ profileVersionId = '/'+matches[1]; } } var wtads = document.createElement('script'); wtads.async = true; wtads.type = 'text/javascript'; wtads.src = url+profileVersionId+'/pwt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(wtads, node); })(); }function loadAPScript(){ !function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g){if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r){a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])}a[a9]={init:function(){q("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){q("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]};A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"); // initialize apstag and have apstag set bids on the googletag slots when they are returned to the page apstag.init({ pubID: '231ec860-73af-421d-9fc4-8ea161815c03', adServer: 'googletag', bidTimeout: 1e3 }); // request the bids for the four googletag slots apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1730290503087-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_Desktop_Mastheadd_970x50', sizes: [970, 50] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1674803841262-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_MWeb_Masthead_320x50', sizes: [320, 50] },{ slotID: 'sectiondivsticky', slotName: '/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Sticky', sizes: [320, 50] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661843664158-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid03', sizes: [[300, 250], [336, 280]] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661843816772-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid04', sizes: [[300, 250], [336, 280]] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661843222786-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Top', sizes: [[336, 280], [300, 250]] },{ slotID: 'secpagetopslotmobile', slotName: '/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid01', sizes: [[300, 250], [336, 280]] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661843520685-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid02', sizes: [[336, 280], [300, 250]] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661842588273-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RM', sizes: [300, 250] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661842879870-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_LM', sizes: [[300, 600], [300, 250]] },{ slotID: 'secpagetopslot', slotName: '/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RT', sizes: [300, 250] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661840335787-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Top', sizes: [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1661840558578-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Middle', sizes: [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]] },{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-1721845187789-0', slotName: '/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Bottom', sizes: [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]] }] }, function(bids) { // set apstag bids, then trigger the first request to DFP googletag.cmd.push(function() { apstag.setDisplayBids();googletag.pubads().refresh();}); }); }Promise.all([userIdentify, thgCookieConsent]).then(function() { if(isNonSubcribedUser() && thg.advertisingCookie()){loadAPScript();loadPWTScript();} }); </script><script> googletag.cmd.push(function () {if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Mastheadd_970x50', [970, 50], 'div-gpt-ad-1730290503087-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Masthead_320x50', [320, 50], 'div-gpt-ad-1674803841262-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Sticky', [320, 50], 'sectiondivsticky').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid03', [[300, 250], [336, 280]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843664158-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid04', [[300, 250], [336, 280]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843816772-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Top', [[336, 280], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843222786-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid01', [[300, 250], [336, 280]], 'secpagetopslotmobile').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid02', [[336, 280], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843520685-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RM', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1661842588273-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_LM', [[300, 600], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661842879870-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RT', [300, 250], 'secpagetopslot').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Top', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661840335787-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Middle', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661840558578-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Bottom', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1721845187789-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.pubads().setTargeting("CxSegments", getUserSegmentIdsLocal());googletag.pubads().setTargeting("publication", "thehindu");googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Section', ['lead']);googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad();googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad();googletag.enableServices(); });</script><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W5VV9N'); </script><script> thgCookieConsent.then(function() { if(thg.functionalCookie()){ (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-10158580-1', 'auto');} }); </script><script type="text/javascript">var _comscore = _comscore || [];thgCookieConsent.then(function() {if(thg.functionalCookie()){const options={enableFirstPartyCookie: true};if(readCookie("notice_behavior") == 'none'){options.bypassUserConsentRequirementFor1PCookie = true;}_comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "11398210",options: options}); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true;s.src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/11398210/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();}});</script><noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=11398210&cs_ucfr=1&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"> /></noscript><style> .ad-replace { height: auto !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event { display: none !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event:nth-of-type(1) { display: block !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event:nth-of-type(2) { display: block !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event:nth-of-type(3) { display: block !important; } li.breadcrumb-item.plutus-img .plutus-img, .subscribed li.breadcrumb-item.plutus-img { display: none; } li.breadcrumb-item.plutus-img {width:108px; height:26px; } .navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item .plutus-img{width: 100px;height: 26px;} .candidates-list li .party span.lost,.candidates-list li .party span.won{text-transform: capitalize;display: inline-block;} .constituency .highlight-box .lables-values .item .value span.won{padding-left: 10px;} .constituency .highlight-box .lables-values .item .value span.lost{padding-left: 10px;} .featured .content h3{ font-weight: 500 !important; text-align: left !important; margin: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important; } .small-banner img {max-width:100%} iframe[id^="google_ads_iframe"][height="1"]{display:none;} .elections a img { max-width: 100% !important; } .halfway-line { left: calc(50% - 10px);} .myaccount div#sectiondivicymi { display: none; } .sportstar-section div>section { margin: 0; } .article-section .article-picture .picture.lead-img-verticle { background: #f1f1f1; } .dfp-ad.removeadvt:after { display:none; } section.black-bg.featured .author .content{ display:none; } .cue-live-event li:before { content: none !important; } ol.article-body.article-number-list li:before { content: none !important; } .timeline li a { display: block; } #entryList.timeline li a { display: inline; } .articlebodycontent #div-gpt-ad-1666088319758-0:after{ display:block; } .articlebodycontent #div-gpt-ad-1666088319758-0 { min-height:250px } .art .article-section >.row.justify-content-end { justify-content: unset !important; } .articlebodycontent { max-width: 100%; } .artinrstl-ad .dfp-ad:after{ display: none !important; } @media screen and (max-width: 570px){ .hide-mobile { display: none !important; } .gsiOverlay{ z-index: 9999 !important;} #artmeterpvcr { bottom: 85px; } .subscribed #artmeterpvcr { bottom: 0; } .myaccountlogincontainer { width: 100% !important; } #articledivtrendM { min-height: auto !important; } .article-section p b, .article-section p strong, .article-section p i { font-family: inherit; } .article-section .article-ad { clear: both; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] #articlediv4{ display:none !important; } .box-line-title h3, .box-line-title h1, .box-line-title h2 { max-width: 90%; } .article-ad #artproduct2 { max-width: 100% !important; } } @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { .oTO-Text-points { display: none; } } .article-live-blog .timeline li a::before { border: 0; } .timeline li a::before{ border-left: 2px solid #000000; } .article-live-blocker .timeline .time-list::before { left: -25px; top: 14px; } .article-live-blog .timeline .time-list::before { left: 0px;top: 0px; } @media screen and (max-width: 570px) { .article-live-blocker { max-width: calc(100% - 36px); } .article-live-blog .article-live-blocker { max-width: 100%; } .article-live-blocker .timeline { padding-left: 26px; } .article-live-blocker .timeline .time-list::before { top: 12px; } .article-live-blog .article-live-blocker .timeline { padding-left: 0px; } .article-live-blog .article-live-blocker .timeline .time-list::before { top: 0px; } } .sports.sec .sportstar-section .container-fluid.top-pick,.sports.sec.subscribed .sportstar-section .container-fluid.top-pick{ display:none; } @media screen and (max-width: 570px) { .article-photo-gallery .photo-gallery .next-slide { width: 24px !important; height: 36px !important;} .article-photo-gallery .photo-gallery .prev-slide { width: 24px !important; height: 36px !important; } } </style><script>setTimeout(function(){ document.querySelector('.search-field').addEventListener('focusout', function(event) { event.stopPropagation(); document.querySelector('.auto-complete').style.display = "block"; });}, 1000); userIdentify.then(function() { if(isNonSubcribedUser()){ var plutus = document.querySelectorAll(".plutus-img"); for (var j = 0; j < plutus.length; ++j) { plutus[j].style.display = "inline-flex" ; } } }); </script></head><body class=" sec"><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="The Hindu"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png"/><span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"><meta itemprop="streetAddress" content="Kasturi Building, Anna Salai, 859-860, Mount Road"/><meta itemprop="addressLocality" content="Chennai"/><meta itemprop="addressRegion" content="Tamil Nadu"/><meta itemprop="postalCode" content="600002"/><meta itemprop="Telephone" content="+91-44-2857 6300"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu"/></span><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/NewsMediaOrganization"><meta itemprop="name" content="The Hindu"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png"/><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="logo"/><meta content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png" itemprop="url"/><meta content="278" itemprop="width"/><meta content="49" itemprop="height"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu"/></span><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W5VV9N" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script data-cfasync="false"> if(readCookie("_pc_thgpremiumexp") == "true"){ var element = document.getElementsByTagName("body") element[0].classList.add('subscribed'); } </script><header class="header logout "><div class="container"><div class="menu-outer"><div class="weather"><p><span class="date">February 20, 2025</span><a target="_blank" class="epaper" href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/reader?utm_source=Hindu&utm_medium=Menu&utm_campaign=Header&_gl=1*1u4uvwa*_gcl_au*NDk4ODM2Nzc2LjE3MjUwNzc4OTIuNTIxNjMwNzI4LjE3MjU0NDM0NDkuMTcyNTQ0MzQ0OQ..">e-Paper</a></p></div><div class="logo"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thehindu-logo.svg" class="img-fluid mobile-logo" width="100%" height="100%" alt="The Hindu Logo" title="The Hindu Logo"></a></div><div class="btns"><div class="btns-handeler"><div><button type="button" class="btn btn-signup thgsignin"><t>LOGIN</t></button><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/myaccount/" class="btn btn-account"><t>Account</t></a></div><div><a href="/subscription/freetrial/?utm_source=TheHindu&utm_medium=section&utm_campaign=FTbutton" class="btn btn-free-trial"><t>FREE TRIAL</t></a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/subscription/" class="btn btn-subscribe"> Subscribe </a><a href="/frontpage/" class="btn btn-frame-front"><t>GIFT FRONT PAGE</t></a></div></div></div><div class="hamburger-search"><button class="menu-btn"></button><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/search/" class="header-search-btn"><t>Search</t></a></div> <div class="menu-nav"> <a class="nav-link india " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/" > India </a> <a class="nav-link world " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/" > World </a> <a class="nav-link movies " href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/" > Movies </a> <a class="nav-link sport " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/" > Sport </a> <a class="nav-link data " href="https://www.thehindu.com/data/" > Data </a> <a class="nav-link health " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/" > Health </a> <a class="nav-link opinion " href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/" > Opinion </a> <a class="nav-link science " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/" > Science </a> <a class="nav-link delhi assembly " href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/" > Delhi Elections </a> <a class="nav-link premium " href="https://www.thehindu.com/premium/" > Premium </a> </div> <div class="empty-spacer"></div></div></div><!-- dropdown-mega-menu --><div class="dropdown" id="top-menu-dropdown" data-isAppended="no"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-10 col-12"><div class="menu-gird"><a class="menu-item live-span" href="/topic/live-news/" data-target-dropbox="item1">Live Now</a> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/"> Agriculture </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item3">Books</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item3"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/books/"> Books </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Hindi_Belt/"> Hindi Belt </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/the-hindu-on-books/?utm_source=books_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/13_thehinduonbooks.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> The Hindu On Books <span class="sub-title">Books of the week, reviews, excerpts, new titles and features.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item4">Business</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item4"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/"> Business </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/agri-business/"> Agri-Business </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/"> Economy </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/"> Industry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/"> Markets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/"> Budget </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/"> Children </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item6">Cities</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item6"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/"> Cities </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/"> Bengaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/"> Chennai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/"> Coimbatore </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/"> Delhi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/"> Hyderabad </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/"> Kochi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/"> Kolkata </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/"> Kozhikode </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/"> Madurai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/"> Mangaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/"> Mumbai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/"> Puducherry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/"> Thiruvananthapuram </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/"> Tiruchirapalli </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/"> Vijayawada </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/"> Visakhapatnam </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item7">Data</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item7"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/data/"> Data </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/data-point-podcast/"> Data Point Podcast </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-data/?utm_source=data_point_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/10_datapoint.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Data Point <span class="sub-title">Decoding the headlines with facts, figures, and numbers</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/premium/ebook/"> Ebook </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item9">Education</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item9"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/"> Education </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/careers/"> Careers </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/colleges/"> Colleges </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/schools/"> Schools </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/"> Elections </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item11">Entertainment</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item11"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/"> Entertainment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/"> Art </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/"> Dance </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/"> Movies </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/"> Music </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/"> Reviews </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/"> Theatre </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/first-day-first-show/?utm_source=fdfs_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/14_firstdayfirstshow.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> First Day First Show <span class="sub-title">News and reviews from the world of cinema and streaming.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/"> Environment </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item13">Food</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item13"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/"> Food </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/dining/"> Dining </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/features/"> Features </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/guides/"> Guides </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/recipes/"> Recipes </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Good_Health_Hunting/"> Good Health Hunting </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item14">Health</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item14"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/"> Health </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/monkeypox/"> Monkeypox </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/health-matters/?utm_source=health_matters_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/09_healthmatters.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Health Matters <span class="sub-title">Ramya Kannan writes to you on getting to good health, and staying there</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item15">Life & Style</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item15"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/"> Life & Style </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fashion/"> Fashion </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fitness/"> Fitness </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/homes-and-gardens/"> Homes and gardens </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/luxury/"> Luxury </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/motoring/"> Motoring </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/"> Travel </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item16">News</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item16"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/"> News </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/"> India </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/"> World </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/"> States </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/"> Cities </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Ground_Zero/"> Ground Zero </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/spotlight/"> Spotlight </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-international/?utm_source=vfi_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/02_editorspick.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> The View From India <span class="sub-title">Looking at World Affairs from the Indian perspective.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item17">Opinion</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item17"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/"> Opinion </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/"> Editorial </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/cartoon/"> Cartoon </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/"> Columns </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/"> Comment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/"> Interview </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/"> Lead </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/letters/"> Letters </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/"> Open Page </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/corrections-and-clarifications/"> Corrections & Clarifications </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/real-estate/"> Real Estate </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item19">Science</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item19"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/"> Science </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/isro/"> ISRO </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Question_Corner"> Question Corner </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-science/?utm_source=science_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/12_scienceforall.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Science For All <span class="sub-title">The weekly newsletter from science writers takes the jargon out of science and puts the fun in!</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item20">Society</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item20"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/"> Society </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/faith/"> Faith </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/"> History & Culture </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item21">Sport</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item21"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/"> Sport </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/"> Cricket </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/"> Football </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/"> Hockey </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/"> Tennis </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/"> Athletics </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/"> Motorsport </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/races/"> Races </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/"> Other Sports </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Between_Wickets/"> Between Wickets </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/specials/"> Specials </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item23">States</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item23"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/"> States </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/"> Andhra Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/"> Karnataka </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/"> Kerala </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/"> Tamil Nadu </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/"> Telangana </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andaman-and-nicobar-islands/"> Andaman and Nicobar Islands </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arunachal-pradesh/"> Arunachal Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/"> Assam </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/"> Bihar </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chandigarh/"> Chandigarh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/"> Chhattisgarh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/daman-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli/"> Daman, Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/goa/"> Goa </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat/"> Gujarat </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/haryana/"> Haryana </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/himachal-pradesh/"> Himachal Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/"> Jammu and Kashmir </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/"> Jharkhand </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshadweep/"> Lakshadweep </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh/"> Ladakh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/madhya-pradesh/"> Madhya Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/"> Maharashtra </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur/"> Manipur </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meghalaya/"> Meghalaya </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mizoram/"> Mizoram </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nagaland/"> Nagaland </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/"> Odisha </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/"> Other States </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/punjab/"> Punjab </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan/"> Rajasthan </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sikkim/"> Sikkim </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tripura/"> Tripura </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/"> Uttar Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttarakhand/"> Uttarakhand </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/"> West Bengal </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/decode-karnataka/"> Decode Karnataka </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/focus-tamil-nadu/"> Focus Tamil Nadu </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/karnataka-today/?utm_source=karnataka_today_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/07_karnatakatoday.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Karnataka Today <span class="sub-title">Your daily dose of news highlights from Karnataka</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item24">Technology</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item24"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/"> Technology </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/gadgets/"> Gadgets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/"> Internet </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-today-cache/?utm_source=todays_cache_preview_link&utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/11_todayscache.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Today's Cache <span class="sub-title">Your download of the top 5 technology stories of the day.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/visual-story/"> Visual Story </a> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/brandhub/"> Brandhub </a> <style> .menu-gird > div { width: 100%; width: 100%; display: contents; margin: 0 auto; padding: 5px 0; } </style> </div><div class="link-container"><div class="header-social-icon"><label class="label">Connect with us</label><a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaAvwQJ90x34WZ6FDg36" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="WhatsApp" class="whatsapp"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Twitter" class="twitter"></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Facebook" class="facebook"></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Instagram" class="insta"></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/the-hindu/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Linkedin" class="ln"></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Youtube" class="youtube"></a><a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/5yESTCj0iikA81EP3uXkQC" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Spotify" class="spotify"></a><a href="https://t.me/THnewsupdates" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Telegram" class="telegram"></a></div></div></div><div class="col-xl-2 col-12"><div class="weather"><p><span class="date">February 20, 2025</span><a target="_blank" class="epaper" href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/reader?utm_source=Hindu&utm_medium=Menu&utm_campaign=Header&_gl=1*1u4uvwa*_gcl_au*NDk4ODM2Nzc2LjE3MjUwNzc4OTIuNTIxNjMwNzI4LjE3MjU0NDM0NDkuMTcyNTQ0MzQ0OQ..">e-Paper</a></p></div><div class="search-box"><a href="/search/" class="go-to-search-btn">Search for topics, people, articles...</a></div> <div class="menu-nav"> <a class="nav-link india " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/" > India </a> <a class="nav-link world " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/" > World </a> <a class="nav-link movies " href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/" > Movies </a> <a class="nav-link sport " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/" > Sport </a> <a class="nav-link data " href="https://www.thehindu.com/data/" > Data </a> <a class="nav-link health " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/" > Health </a> <a class="nav-link opinion " href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/" > Opinion </a> <a class="nav-link science " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/" > Science </a> <a class="nav-link delhi assembly " href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/" > Delhi Elections </a> <a class="nav-link premium " href="https://www.thehindu.com/premium/" > Premium </a> </div> <div class="header-link"> <a class="link videos" href="https://www.thehindu.com/videos/" > Videos </a> <a class="link podcast" href="https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/" > Podcast </a> <a class="link photos" href="https://www.thehindu.com/photos/" > Photos </a> <a class="link crossword" href="https://crossword.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&utm_medium=mainmenu" target="_blank" > Crossword </a> <a class="link newsletter" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/" > Newsletter </a> <div class="link opened"> <label class="events" onclick="eventsDrop(event)"> Events </label> <div class="events-drop"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/lit-for-life/"> Lit for Life </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/the-huddle/"> The Huddle </a> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></header><div class="header-end"></div><div id="artmeterpvcr"></div><script> tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(['init', function () { tp.pianoId.init({ loggedIn: function (data) { thgloggedIn(data) }, loggedOut: function () { location.reload(); } }); } ]); function thgloggedIn(data) { if(document.getElementsByTagName("header").length > 0) { document.getElementsByTagName("header")[0].classList.remove("logout"); document.getElementsByTagName("header")[0].classList.add("login"); } } function thgLogout() { typeof __thg_event != "undefined" ? __thg_event.triggerLogOut(tp.pianoId.getUser()): null; tp.push(["init", function () { tp = window.tp || []; tp.pianoId.logout() location.reload(); }]); } userIdentify.then(function() { var list = document.querySelectorAll(".btns-handeler"); for (var i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) { if(DevIdf.isMobile || DevIdf.isTablet || $('body.art').length > 0 || $( window ).width() < 1200){ list[i].style.display = "flex" ; }else{ list[i].style.display = "block" ; } } if(isNonSubcribedUser()){ var housing = document.querySelectorAll(".housing-img"); for (var j = 0; j < housing.length; ++j) { housing[j].style.display = "inline-block" ; } var sponserlogo = document.querySelectorAll(".sponcer"); for (var i = 0; i < sponserlogo.length; ++i) { sponserlogo[i].style.display = "inline-block" ; } } }); </script><div id="subscriber-top-billboard"></div><section class="mb-0 mt-0"><div class="container"><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Mastheadd_970x50, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1730290503087-0' class='dfp-ad mastheAdTop' style='min-width:970px; min-height:50px; margin-bottom:0px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1730290503087-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Mastheadd_970x50, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none "><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Masthead_320x50, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1674803841262-0' class='dfp-ad mastheAdTop' style='min-width: 320px; min-height: 50px; margin-bottom:0px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1674803841262-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Masthead_320x50, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Top, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661840335787-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px; margin-bottom:45px'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661840335787-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Top, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none " ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Top, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843222786-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843222786-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Top, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none "></div></div></section><div class="flooting-ad"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Sticky, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='sectiondivsticky' class='dfp-ad ' style='min-height:50px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('sectiondivsticky'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Sticky, publisher: The Hindu --></div><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> require(['jquery'], function($) {fetch(`https://www.thehindu.com/getapplink?ref=${encodeURIComponent("https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/")}`).then((response) => { if(response.ok) { return response.json(); } }).then((res) => { if(typeof res.shortLink != 'undefined'){ $(".read-in-app a").attr("href", res.shortLink) $(".read-in-app a > span").show(); $(".read-in-app-floating-btn a").attr("href", res.shortLink) $(".read-in-app-floating-btn a > span").show(); if ( $(window).width() < 570 ) { setTimeout(function() { $('.read-in-app-floating-btn').fadeIn('fast'); }, 5000); } } }); }); function addnewclass(){ require(['jquery'], function($) { setTimeout(function(){ $(".read-in-app").addClass("nohover") $(".read-in-app-floating-btn").addClass("nohover") }, 1000); }); } </script><script> require(['jquery'], function($) { var offset2 = $(".header").outerHeight(); var currentScrollPos = window.pageYOffset; var prevScrollpos = window.pageYOffset; if( offset2 < currentScrollPos){ $(".header").addClass("on-scroll"); $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(0px)"); } $(this).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() > offset2 + 10) { var currentScrollPos = window.pageYOffset; if (prevScrollpos > currentScrollPos) { // console.log("backward move") $(".header").addClass("on-scroll"); $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(0px)"); } else { // console.log("forward move") if($( window ).width() > 1040){ $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(-250px)"); } else{ $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(-100px)"); } } if($( window ).width() < 600){ if (prevScrollpos > currentScrollPos) { $(".flooting-ad").slideUp(); } else { $(".flooting-ad").slideDown(); } } // for section page pagination if($(".nav-pagination") != null){ if (prevScrollpos > currentScrollPos) { if($( window ).width() > 1040){ $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "75px"); } else if($( window ).width() < 571){ $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "65px"); } else{ $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "49px"); } } else { $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "0px"); } } prevScrollpos = currentScrollPos; } else if ($(this).scrollTop() < offset2 + 10){ $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(-00px)"); $(".header").removeClass("on-scroll"); } prevScrollpos = window.pageYOffset; }); }); </script><script> require(['jquery'], function($) { const date = new Date(); const formattedDate = date.toLocaleDateString('en-US', { year: 'numeric', month: 'long', day: 'numeric', }); let currentText = $('.weather .date').text(); let newText = currentText.replace(currentText,formattedDate); $('.weather .date').text(newText); }); function showDrop(event){ if(event.target.classList.contains("opened")){ $(".menu-gird .sub-dropbox").slideUp(500, function() { event.target.classList.remove("opened") }); } else{ $(".menu-gird .has-dropdown").removeClass("opened") $(".menu-gird .sub-dropbox").hide(); var target = event.target.getAttribute("data-target-dropbox") $(".menu-gird .sub-dropbox[data-dropbox="+target+"]").slideDown() event.target.classList.add("opened") } } function eventsDrop(event){ if(event.target.parentElement.classList.contains("opened")){ $(".events-drop").slideUp(300, function() { event.target.parentElement.classList.remove("opened") }); } else{ $(".events-drop").slideDown() event.target.parentElement.classList.add("opened") } } </script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/THRX/common-styles.min.css?ver=1739954294" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/THRX/section.min.css?ver=1739954289"/><section><div class="container"><!-- Box line title--><div class="five-line-title "><h1> Lead </h1><div class="five-line-spliter"><span><i></i></span></div></div> <!-- Link List --> <div class="link-list-outer"> <button class="scroll-arrow-btn left"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/slider-rightarrow.svg" alt=""/></button> <button class="scroll-arrow-btn right"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/slider-rightarrow.svg" alt=""/></button> <ul class="link-list " > <li > <a class="opinion-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/" > Opinion </a> </li> <li > <a class="cartoon-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/cartoon/" > Cartoon </a> </li> <li > <a class="columns-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/" > Columns </a> </li> <li > <a class="comment-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/" > Comment </a> </li> <li > <a class="editorial-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/" > Editorial </a> </li> <li > <a class="interview-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/" > Interview </a> </li> <li class="active" > <a class="lead-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/" > Lead </a> </li> <li > <a class="letters-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/letters/" > Letters </a> </li> <li > <a class="open page-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/" > Open Page </a> </li> <li > <a class="readers' editor-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/" > Readers' Editor </a> </li> <li > <a class="corrections & clarifications-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/corrections-and-clarifications/" > Corrections & Clarifications </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="row xs-reverse two-thr-one sub-sections equal-height"><div class=" col-xl-3 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12 tab-only-side-border after-border-right "><div class="element smaller"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-teesta-dam-and-the-long-shadow-of-climate-change/article69220357.ece"> The Teesta dam and the long shadow of climate change </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Vasudevan-Mukunth-1971/" class="person-name lnk">Vasudevan Mukunth</a></div></div></div><div class="element smaller"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-problematic-globalisation-of-medical-education/article69216443.ece"> The problematic globalisation of medical education </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/Philip-G--Altbach-2191/" class="person-name lnk">Philip G. Altbach,</a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/Hans-de-Wit-2192/" class="person-name lnk lnk">Hans de Wit,</a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Eldho-Mathews-6541/" class="person-name lnk lnk lnk">Eldho Mathews</a></div></div></div><div class="element smaller"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/nuclear-energy-dangerous-concessions-on-liability/article69211997.ece"> Nuclear energy — dangerous concessions on liability </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/M-V--Ramana-2690/" class="person-name lnk">M.V. Ramana,</a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/Suvrat-Raju-3102/" class="person-name lnk lnk">Suvrat Raju</a></div></div></div><div class="element smaller no-border"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-role-for-india-in-south-south-climate-cooperation/article69207885.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/wphuee/article69207887.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-1190533778.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/wphuee/article69207887.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-1190533778.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="‘Article 6.2 may foster such partnerships beyond the traditional North-South dynamic, enabling India to lead South-South cooperation’" title="‘Article 6.2 may foster such partnerships beyond the traditional North-South dynamic, enabling India to lead South-South cooperation’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-role-for-india-in-south-south-climate-cooperation/article69207885.ece"> A role for India in South-South climate cooperation </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Shubhi--Goel--25424/" class="person-name lnk">Shubhi Goel ,</a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Gopal-K---Sarangi-25425/" class="person-name lnk lnk">Gopal K. Sarangi</a></div></div></div></div><div class=" col-xl-6 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-12 col-sm-12 col-12"><div class="element main-row-element"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/manipur-is-in-need-of-greater-common-good-politics/article69239592.ece"> Manipur is in need of ‘greater common good’ politics </a></h3><div class="right-content"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/manipur-is-in-need-of-greater-common-good-politics/article69239592.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/hrqncp/article69239620.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/IMG_India_Ethnic_Clashes_2_1_TDBHCNI3.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/hrqncp/article69239620.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/IMG_India_Ethnic_Clashes_2_1_TDBHCNI3.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="‘Whether there is such a government in place or whether President’s Rule continues, the challenges ahead are far from simple’" title="‘Whether there is such a government in place or whether President’s Rule continues, the challenges ahead are far from simple’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="sub-text"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/manipur-is-in-need-of-greater-common-good-politics/article69239592.ece">The senseless communal hostilities must end and the State’s politics must shed populism, becoming consensual instead</a></div><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/Pradip-Phanjoubam-1656/" class="person-name lnk">Pradip Phanjoubam</a></div></div></div></div><div class="row equal-height"><div class=" col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"><div class="element"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/quakes-may-well-sharpen-indias-seismic-readiness/article69234361.ece"><strong> Quakes may well sharpen India’s seismic readiness </strong></a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-1124/" class="person-name lnk">Gopalkrishna Gandhi</a></div></div></div><div class="element tab-bottom-border"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/lighten-the-pollution-burden-of-thermal-power-states/article69231046.ece"><strong> Lighten the pollution burden of thermal power States </strong></a></h3></div></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12 after-border-left"><div class="element"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-panchayati-raj-movement-is-in-distress/article69227007.ece"><strong> The panchayati raj movement is in distress </strong></a></h3><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-panchayati-raj-movement-is-in-distress/article69227007.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/3ub5cn/article69227014.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/6678_13-3-2020_17-17-54_1_WORKERS_1.JPG" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/3ub5cn/article69227014.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/6678_13-3-2020_17-17-54_1_WORKERS_1.JPG" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="‘A main reason is the the rapid urbanisation that India has seen in recent decades’" title="‘A main reason is the the rapid urbanisation that India has seen in recent decades’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a></div></div></div></div><div class=" col-xl-3 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12 after-border-left tab-no-side-border"><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RT, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='secpagetopslot' class='dfp-ad ' style='min-height:250px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('secpagetopslot'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RT, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none " ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid01, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='secpagetopslotmobile' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('secpagetopslotmobile'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid01, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div id="sectiondivtrend" ></div></div></div></div></section><section><div class="container"><div class="spliter"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 "><div class="d-block d-sm-none "><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid02, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843520685-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843520685-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid02, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_LM, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661842879870-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:600px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661842879870-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_LM, publisher: The Hindu --></div></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 result"><h4 class="featured-title mb-0">More stories from Lead</h4><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/gaza-and-trumps-expanding-the-canvas-strategy/article69203970.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/fbs10r/article69203974.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_36X646L.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/fbs10r/article69203974.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_36X646L.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘Before the Gaza war, America’s regional diplomacy was focused on Riyadh-Tel Aviv reconciliation’" title="‘Before the Gaza war, America’s regional diplomacy was focused on Riyadh-Tel Aviv reconciliation’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/gaza-and-trumps-expanding-the-canvas-strategy/article69203970.ece"> Gaza and Trump’s ‘expanding the canvas’ strategy </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Mahesh-Sachdev-4071/" class="person-name lnk">Mahesh Sachdev</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/keeping-a-watch-on-the-growing-arc-of-violence/article69200111.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/ntw1c2/article69200110.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2192314480.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/ntw1c2/article69200110.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2192314480.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="A memorial in New Orleans" title="A memorial in New Orleans" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/keeping-a-watch-on-the-growing-arc-of-violence/article69200111.ece"> Keeping a watch on the growing arc of violence </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/M-K--Narayanan-866/" class="person-name lnk">M.K. Narayanan</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/indias-voice-must-resonate-in-global-ai-conversations/article69193317.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/9l4vp6/article69193336.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-884667860.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/9l4vp6/article69193336.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-884667860.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘The intersection of AI and geopolitics is becoming ever more pronounced’" title="‘The intersection of AI and geopolitics is becoming ever more pronounced’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/indias-voice-must-resonate-in-global-ai-conversations/article69193317.ece"> India’s voice must resonate in global AI conversations </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Shashi-Tharoor-2532/" class="person-name lnk">Shashi Tharoor</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/should-india-build-a-sovereign-foundational-ai-model/article69188559.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/yxpxwc/article69189777.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2024-12-20T153716Z_1587154675_RC2GX1AB2K8X_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS.JPG" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/yxpxwc/article69189777.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2024-12-20T153716Z_1587154675_RC2GX1AB2K8X_RTRMADP_3_USA-POWER-DATA-CENTERS.JPG" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="An Artificial Intelligence sign is seen at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) in Shanghai on July 6, 2023. " title="An Artificial Intelligence sign is seen at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) in Shanghai on July 6, 2023. " class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/should-india-build-a-sovereign-foundational-ai-model/article69188559.ece"> Should India build a sovereign, foundational AI model? </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Aroon-Deep-18354/" class="person-name lnk">Aroon Deep</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-primary-lessons-from-the-reagan-air-crash/article69189214.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/p50pir/article69189611.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2025-02-06T003745Z_1627923428_RC2LOCAUTYE6_RTRMADP_3_USA-CRASH-WASHINGTONDC.JPG" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/p50pir/article69189611.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2025-02-06T003745Z_1627923428_RC2LOCAUTYE6_RTRMADP_3_USA-CRASH-WASHINGTONDC.JPG" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="A plane flies as people attend a candlelight vigil in Alexandria, Virginia, U.S. on February 5, 2025 for the victims of the collision between American Eagle flight 5342 and a Black Hawk helicopter that crashed into the Potomac River near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport." title="A plane flies as people attend a candlelight vigil in Alexandria, Virginia, U.S. on February 5, 2025 for the victims of the collision between American Eagle flight 5342 and a Black Hawk helicopter that crashed into the Potomac River near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport." class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-primary-lessons-from-the-reagan-air-crash/article69189214.ece"> The primary lessons from the Reagan air crash </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Capt--A--Ranganathan-14344/" class="person-name lnk">Capt. A. Ranganathan</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-budget-that-is-mostly-good-but-with-one-wrong-move/article69184835.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/no0uan/article69185475.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/IMG_Budget_Session_of_Pa_2_1_MJDUF5GL.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/no0uan/article69185475.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/IMG_Budget_Session_of_Pa_2_1_MJDUF5GL.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘The overarching aim of the Budget was to accelerate growth and push India towards a developed country status’" title="‘The overarching aim of the Budget was to accelerate growth and push India towards a developed country status’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-budget-that-is-mostly-good-but-with-one-wrong-move/article69184835.ece"> A Budget that is mostly good but with one wrong move </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/C--Rangarajan-1484/" class="person-name lnk">C. Rangarajan,</a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/D-K--Srivastava-4448/" class="person-name lnk lnk">D.K. Srivastava</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-uss-exit-from-who-a-chance-to-reshape-global-health/article69180589.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/afpuzb/article69180590.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-2152672277.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/afpuzb/article69180590.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-2152672277.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘Global health should not be at the mercy of funding or the expertise from one or a handful of high-income countries’" title="‘Global health should not be at the mercy of funding or the expertise from one or a handful of high-income countries’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-uss-exit-from-who-a-chance-to-reshape-global-health/article69180589.ece"> The U.S.’s exit from WHO, a chance to reshape global health </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Chandrakant-Lahariya-8080/" class="person-name lnk">Chandrakant Lahariya</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/some-wind-behind-the-sails-of-indias-shipping-industry/article69177102.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/bsw5ho/article69177096.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2014-04-10T114738Z_2004558892_GM1EA470L9P01_RTRMADP_3_INDIA-ELECTION-ADANI.JPG" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/bsw5ho/article69177096.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2014-04-10T114738Z_2004558892_GM1EA470L9P01_RTRMADP_3_INDIA-ELECTION-ADANI.JPG" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘Clearly, the assumption that increased investment in ports would automatically drive growth in Indian shipping has been proven wrong’" title="‘Clearly, the assumption that increased investment in ports would automatically drive growth in Indian shipping has been proven wrong’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/some-wind-behind-the-sails-of-indias-shipping-industry/article69177102.ece"> Some wind behind the sails of India’s shipping industry </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Amitabh--Kumar--24802/" class="person-name lnk">Amitabh Kumar </a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/beyond-tax-cuts-a-closer-read-of-the-union-budget/article69173394.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/it8f4o/article69173393.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20250201319L.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/it8f4o/article69173393.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20250201319L.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘The Budget’s policy announcements and fiscal plans need closer scrutiny’" title="‘The Budget’s policy announcements and fiscal plans need closer scrutiny’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/beyond-tax-cuts-a-closer-read-of-the-union-budget/article69173394.ece"> Beyond tax cuts, a closer read of the Union Budget </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Amarendu--Nandy-24895/" class="person-name lnk">Amarendu Nandy</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/viksit-bharat-and-the-budgets-play-with-numbers/article69169305.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/7h2te1/article69169317.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-1130639235.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/opinion/op-ed/7h2te1/article69169317.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/iStock-1130639235.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘A bet implicit in the Budget is that tax concessions to the middle class will unleash a spending spree that would revive consumption demand and GDP growth’ " title="‘A bet implicit in the Budget is that tax concessions to the middle class will unleash a spending spree that would revive consumption demand and GDP growth’ " class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/viksit-bharat-and-the-budgets-play-with-numbers/article69169305.ece"> Viksit Bharat and the Budget’s play with numbers </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/contributor/C-P--Chandrasekhar-6573/" class="person-name lnk">C.P. Chandrasekhar</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-note-for-new-delhi-on-dealing-with-trumperica/article69164775.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/m94pa3/article69164773.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2025-01-21T013947Z_1927350038_RC20ECA6X10Z_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-INAUGURATION.JPG" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/m94pa3/article69164773.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2025-01-21T013947Z_1927350038_RC20ECA6X10Z_RTRMADP_3_USA-TRUMP-INAUGURATION.JPG" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘The decisions, which the White House referred to as ‘100s of Executive actions in the first 100 hours to kick off America’s Golden Age’, will have lasting implications for the U.S and for the world’" title="‘The decisions, which the White House referred to as ‘100s of Executive actions in the first 100 hours to kick off America’s Golden Age’, will have lasting implications for the U.S and for the world’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-note-for-new-delhi-on-dealing-with-trumperica/article69164775.ece"> A note for New Delhi on dealing with ‘Trumperica’ </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Suhasini-Haidar-256/" class="person-name lnk">Suhasini Haidar</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/an-opportunity-to-settle-sri-lankas-ethnic-problem/article69160515.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/6mosix/article69160517.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20241216285L.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/6mosix/article69160517.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20241216285L.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘However efficient they may be, local bodies are no substitutes for the provincial councils’" title="‘However efficient they may be, local bodies are no substitutes for the provincial councils’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/an-opportunity-to-settle-sri-lankas-ethnic-problem/article69160515.ece"> An opportunity to settle Sri Lanka’s ethnic problem </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/T--Ramakrishnan-371/" class="person-name lnk"> T. Ramakrishnan</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element no-border "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/broken-promises-in-a-warming-world/article69156364.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/urf13z/article69156531.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/691393006.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/urf13z/article69156531.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/691393006.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="‘The Trump withdrawal from the Paris accord fits well within the frustrating pattern of weak commitments and weaker climate action, accompanied by aggressive intervention in multilateral platforms, under Democratic presidencies, followed by the spurning or withdrawal from even these commitments under Republican incumbents’" title="‘The Trump withdrawal from the Paris accord fits well within the frustrating pattern of weak commitments and weaker climate action, accompanied by aggressive intervention in multilateral platforms, under Democratic presidencies, followed by the spurning or withdrawal from even these commitments under Republican incumbents’" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/broken-promises-in-a-warming-world/article69156364.ece"> Broken promises in a warming world </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Tejal-Kanitkar-7501/" class="person-name lnk">Tejal Kanitkar,</a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/T--Jayaraman-5814/" class="person-name lnk lnk">T. Jayaraman</a></div></div></div></div><!-- Page Navigation --><nav class="nav-pagination" aria-label="page-navigation"><ul class="pagination"><li class="page-item disabled"><a class="page-link prev" ><i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i><small> Prev</small></a></li><li class="page-item active "><a class="page-link" href="?page=1">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=2">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=3">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=4">4</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=5">5</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=6">6</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=7">7</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=8">8</a></li><li class="page-item hide-system"><a class="page-link">...</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=9">9</a></li><li class="page-item next"><a class="page-link next" href=?page=2><small>Next </small><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 "><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RM, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661842588273-0' class='dfp-ad ' style='min-height:250px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661842588273-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RM, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none "><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid03, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843664158-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843664158-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid03, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div id="latest_news_module"><script> var latest_news_moduleloaded = false; window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { if (!latest_news_moduleloaded) { latest_news_moduleloaded = true; latest_news_module_Url = "fragment/latestnews"; fetch("https://www.thehindu.com/"+latest_news_module_Url).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { latest_news_moduleloaded = true; return response.text(); } else{ latest_news_moduleloaded = false; } }).then(function(respone) { document.querySelector("#latest_news_module").innerHTML = respone; $('.timePublished[data-published]').each(function() { var time = $(this).data('published'); if (time) { $(this).html(timeSince(new Date(time))); } }); }).catch(function(error) { latest_news_moduleloaded = false; }); } }); </script></div><div id="todayspaper_module"><script> var todayspaper_moduleloaded = false; window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { if (!todayspaper_moduleloaded) { todayspaper_moduleloaded = true; todayspaper_module_Url = "fragment/todays-paper";fetch("https://www.thehindu.com/"+todayspaper_module_Url+"").then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { todayspaper_moduleloaded = true; return response.text(); } else{ todayspaper_moduleloaded = false; } }).then(function(respone) { document.querySelector("#todayspaper_module").innerHTML = respone; try{ if(document.querySelector(".ad-todays-paper img") != null){ document.querySelector(".ad-todays-paper img").src = document.querySelector(".today-paper-img img").src; } } catch(e){ } $('.timePublished[data-published]').each(function() { var time = $(this).data('published'); if (time) { $(this).html(timeSince(new Date(time))); } }); }).catch(function(error) { todayspaper_moduleloaded = false; }); } }); </script></div></div></div></div></section><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Middle, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661840558578-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:250px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661840558578-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Middle, publisher: The Hindu --></div><script> userIdentify.then(function () { if (!isNonSubcribedUser()) { var todaysBriefUrl = "fragment/todaysbrief" var hours = new Date().getHours(); var minutes = new Date().getMinutes(); var urlParams = ""; if (hours >= 20 || hours <= 8) { urlParams = "?brief=evening" } else if (hours >= 14) { urlParams = "?brief=noon" } fetch("https://www.thehindu.com/" + todaysBriefUrl + urlParams).then(function (response) { if (response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function (respone) { if(DevIdf.isMobile){ document.querySelector("#secpagetopslotmobile").innerHTML = respone; }else{ document.querySelector("#secpagetopslot").innerHTML = respone; } }).catch(function (error) {}); } }); </script><div class="read-in-app-floating-btn"><div class="flex-box"><a rel="nofollow"><span class="rna-btn" style="display:none"> Read in App </span></a></div></div><section><div class="container"><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none " ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid04, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843816772-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843816772-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid04, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div id="sectiondivicymi" ></div></div></section><script type="text/javascript"> require(["jquery"], function ($) { $(this).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 300) { if($( window ).width() > 1200){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "30px"); return 0; } if($( window ).width() > 1000 && $( window ).width() < 1200){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "12px"); return 0; } if($( window ).width() > 600 && $( window ).width() < 1000){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "0px"); return 0; } if($( window ).width() <= 600){ if($(".flooting-ad").css("display") == "block"){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "95px"); return 0; } $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "0px"); return 0; } $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "30px"); } else{ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "-100%"); } }); }); </script><div id="left-bottom-sticky-container"></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="row footer-logo"><div class="col-xl-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/" ><img class="lazy img-fluid mobile-logo" src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thehindu-logo.svg" width="100%" height="100%" alt="Return to frontpage"></a></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><div class="app-icon"><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mobstac.thehindu" title="Google Play"><img class="lazy" alt="Google Play" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/google-playstore-icon.svg"></a><a href="https://apps.apple.com/in/app/the-hindu-news/id771672321" title="Apple Store"><img class="lazy" alt="Apple Store" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online//apple-store-icon.svg"></a></div></div></div><div class="row footer-menu"><div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class="">The Hindu</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="about us-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/aboutus/" > About Us </a> <a class="code of editorial values-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/values/" > Code of Editorial Values </a> <a class="news archive-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/archive/" > News Archive </a> <a class="sitemap-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sitemap/" > Sitemap </a> <a class="print subscription-menu" href="http://www.thehindugroup.in/subscribe/" > Print Subscription </a> <a class="digital subscription-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/subscription/?utm_source=footer&utm_medium=section&utm_caign=website" > Digital Subscription </a> <a class="subscribe to newsletters-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/" > Subscribe to Newsletters </a> <a class="rss feeds-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/rssfeeds/" > Rss Feeds </a> <a class="readers editor-terms of reference-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/readers-editor-terms/" > Readers Editor-Terms of Reference </a> <a class="authors & contributors-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/" > Authors & Contributors </a> <a class="gift front page-menu" href=" https://www.thehindu.com/frontpage/" > Gift Front page </a> </div> <h5 class="">Contact us</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="contact us-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/contacts/" > Contact Us </a> <a class="social media-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/social/" > Social Media </a> <a class="advertise with us-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/advertise-with-us/" > Advertise With Us </a> </div> <h5 class="">Group News Sites</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="business line-menu" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/" target="_blank" > Business Line </a> <a class="bl on campus-menu" href="https://bloncampus.thehindubusinessline.com/" target="_blank" > BL on Campus </a> <a class="sportstar-menu" href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > Sportstar </a> <a class="frontline-menu" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > Frontline </a> <a class="இந்து தமிழ் திசை-menu" href="https://www.hindutamil.in/" target="_blank" > இந்து தமிழ் திசை </a> <a class="the hindu centre-menu" href="https://www.thehinducentre.com/" target="_blank" > The Hindu Centre </a> <a class="young world club-menu" href="https://ywc.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > Young World Club </a> <a class="the hindu epaper-menu" href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/?utm_source=Hindu&utm_medium=Menu&utm_campaign=Header" target="_blank" > The Hindu ePaper </a> <a class="business line epaper-menu" href="https://epaper.thehindubusinessline.com/login" target="_blank" > Business Line ePaper </a> <a class="crossword + free games-menu" href="https://crossword.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&utm_medium=mainmenu" target="_blank" > Crossword + Free Games </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class="">Other Products</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="roofandfloor-menu" href="https://roofandfloor.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=Internal-Marketing" target="_blank" > RoofandFloor </a> <a class="step-menu" href="https://step.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > STEP </a> <a class="images-menu" href="https://thehinduimages.com/" target="_blank" > Images </a> <a class="classifieds - print-menu" href="http://www.thehinduclassifieds.in/" target="_blank" > Classifieds - Print </a> <a class="bookstore & special publications-menu" href="https://publications.thehindugroup.com/bookstore/" target="_blank" > Bookstore & Special Publications </a> </div> <h5 class="">Popular Sections</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="elections-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/" > Elections </a> <a class="latest news-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/latest-news/" > Latest News </a> <a class="national news-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/" > National News </a> <a class="international news-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/" > International News </a> <a class="videos-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/videos/" > Videos </a> <a class="life & style-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/" > Life & Style </a> <a class="food-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/" > Food </a> <a class="podcast-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/" > Podcast </a> <a class="showcase-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/showcase/" > Showcase </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/" > Opinion </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/" > Editorial </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/" > Columns </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/" > Comment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/cartoon/" > Cartoon </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/letters/" > Letters </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/" > Interview </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/" > Lead </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/" > Business </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/agri-business/" > Agri-Business </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/" > Industry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/" > Economy </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/" > Markets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/" > Budget </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/" > Sport </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/" > Cricket </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/" > Football </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/" > Hockey </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/" > Tennis </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/" > Athletics </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/" > Motorsport </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/races/" > Races </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/" > Other Sports </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/" > Sci-Tech </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/" > Science </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/" > Technology </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/" > Health </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/" > Agriculture </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/" > Environment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/gadgets/" > Gadgets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/" > Internet </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/" > States </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/" > Andhra Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/" > Karnataka </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/" > Kerala </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/" > Tamil Nadu </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/" > Telangana </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/" > Cities </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/" > Bengaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/" > Chennai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/" > Coimbatore </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/" > Delhi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/" > Hyderabad </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/" > Kochi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/" > Kolkata </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/" > Kozhikode </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/" > Madurai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/" > Mangaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/" > Mumbai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/" > Puducherry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/" > Thiruvananthapuram </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/" > Tiruchirapalli </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/" > Vijayawada </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/" > Visakhapatnam </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"><h5 class="">Trending on The Hindu</h5><div class="footer-sub-list with-graph-icon"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/delhi-chief-minister-rekha-gupta-oath-taking-ceremony-live-updates-february-20-bjp-ramlila-ground/article69241153.ece"> Delhi CM oath taking ceremony LIVE </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/champions-league-mbappe-hat-trick-knocks-out-manchester-city-to-fire-real-madrid-into-last-16/article69241139.ece"> Real Madrid 3-1 Man City </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/trump-administration-takes-aim-at-pentagon-spending/article69241133.ece"> Trump on Pentagon spending </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/it-ends-with-us-saga-blake-lively-says-two-other-actors-ready-to-testify-against-justin-baldoni/article69241181.ece"> Justin Baldoni row </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/sensex-and-nifty-updates-on-february-20-2025/article69241343.ece"> Sensex, Nifty update </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/"> Delhi news </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/"> News </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/live-news/"> Live news </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/bharatiya-janata-party/"> BJP news </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/indian-national-congress/"> Congress news </a></div></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"><h5 class="">Trending on Group sites</h5><div class="footer-sub-list with-graph-icon"><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/share-market-nifty-sensex-live-updates-1st-april-2024/article68012792.ece"> Stock Market Live Updates </a><a href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-vs-england-live-score-2nd-odi-ind-v-eng-match-updates-streaming-info-highlights/article69195904.ece"> IND vs ENG LIVE </a><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stocks-that-will-see-action-todaymarch-22-2024/article67979002.ece"> Stocks to buy today </a><a href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-vs-australia-live-score-4th-test-day-3-updates-ind-vs-aus-highlights-streaming-info/article69035076.ece%20%20Footer%20la%20potrunga%20bro"> IND vs AUS </a><a href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/"> Domestic cricket </a><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/gold-rate-today/Chennai/"> Gold Rate Today </a><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/silver-rate-today/"> Silver Rate Today </a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/arvind-kejriwal-exclusive-interview-delhi-election-2025-voting-aap-vs-bjp-vs-congress/article69131147.ece?utm_source=th&utm_medium=footer&utm_campaign=internal"> Arvind Kejriwal Exclusive Interview </a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/waqf-amendment-bill-impact-indian-muslims-reforms-consultative-process-othering-backwardness/article68849163.ece?utm_source=th&utm_medium=footer&utm_campaign=internal"> Editor’s Note: Putting Muslims in their place? </a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/current-issue/"> Frontline Current Issue </a></div></div><!-- Footer latest news widget --><div class="col-xl-12 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"><h5><a href="https://www.thehindu.com//latest-news/">Latest News</a></h5><div class="latest-news-section row"><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><!-- timeline --><ul class="latest-news-list "><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/healthdisease-emerging-technologies-and-attendant-risks/article69232955.ece">Health/disease: Emerging technologies and attendant risks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/trump-considering-alternatives-to-boeing-for-air-force-one-contract/article69242002.ece">Trump considering 'alternatives' to Boeing for Air Force One contract</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/komatireddy-blames-brs-mla-and-leadership-for-brutal-murder-of-social-activist-who-lodged-complaint-against-corruption-in-kaleshwaram/article69241979.ece">Komatireddy blames BRS MLA and leadership for brutal murder of social activist who lodged complaint against ‘corruption’ in Kaleshwaram </a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/lootera-re-release-announced-ranveer-singh-sonakshi-sinha-romance-to-return-to-theatres/article69241976.ece">‘Lootera’ re-release announced, Ranveer Singh, Sonakshi Sinha romance to return to theatres </a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/murata-electronics-leases-factory-at-onehub-chennai-industrial-park/article69239184.ece">Murata Electronics leases factory at OneHub Chennai Industrial Park</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><!-- timeline --><ul class="latest-news-list "><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/between-flowers-oaffs-musical-journey-through-love-and-loss/article69229805.ece">‘Between Flowers’: OAFF’s musical journey through love and loss</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/apple-iphone-16e-price-specs-pre-order-details-compared-with-iphone-16-and-iphone-16-plus/article69241594.ece">Apple iPhone 16e Preview: At an affordable spot in iPhone 16 series</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/udupi-dc-asks-karnataka-tourism-department-to-prepare-master-plan-for-developing-two-islands-at-malpe-padukare/article69241715.ece">Udupi DC asks Karnataka Tourism Department to prepare master plan for developing two islands at Malpe-Padukare </a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-deportees-from-us-arrive-in-panama/article69241925.ece">Indian deportees from U.S. arrive in Panama</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/elon-musks-grok-ai-chatbot-will-have-standalone-app-for-macos-and-windows/article69241491.ece">Elon Musk’s Grok AI chatbot will have standalone app for MacOS and Windows</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="footer-social-icon"><a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaAvwQJ90x34WZ6FDg36" class="whatsapp"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu" class="twitter"></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu" class="facebook"></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge" class="insta"></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/the-hindu/" class="ln"></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu" class="youtube"></a><a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/5yESTCj0iikA81EP3uXkQC" class="spotify"></a><a href="https://t.me/THnewsupdates" class="telegram"></a></div><div class="link-list"> <a class="terms of use-menu" href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/termsofuse.html" target="_blank" > Terms of Use </a> <a class="privacy policy-menu" href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/privacy.html" target="_blank" > Privacy Policy </a> <li id="teconsent" > </li> </div><p class="copyrights"> Copyright© 2025, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. </p><div class="back-to-top"><p>BACK TO TOP<img alt="Back to Top" class="lazy" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/back-to-top-arrow.svg"></p></div></div></div></div><div id="consent_blackbar"></div></footer><div class="footer-end"></div><script> loadCSS("https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=1739954206"); </script><script> function fragmentlazyload(selector){ var fragmentcontent = []; if(typeof selector !== 'undefined' && selector){ fragmentcontent = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector +" .fragmentcontent.lazy")); } else{ fragmentcontent = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(".fragmentcontent.lazy")) } if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) { let optionsItersect = { rootMargin: '-400px', threshold: 0 } let lazyContentObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, optionsItersect) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { let lazycontent = entry.target; let fragmentUrl = lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; fetch(fragmentUrl).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function(resp) { if(typeof resp !="undefined"){ try{ $(lazycontent).html(resp); } catch(e){ lazycontent.innerHTML = resp; } delete lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; imglazyload("#"+lazycontent.id); lazycontent.classList.remove("lazy"); lazyContentObserver.unobserve(lazycontent); } }).catch(function(error) { console.error(error) }); } }); }); fragmentcontent.forEach(function(content) { lazyContentObserver.observe(content); }); } else { fragmentcontent.forEach(function(lazycontent) { let fragmentUrl = lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; fetch(fragmentUrl).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function(resp) { if(typeof resp !="undefined"){ lazycontent.innerHTML = resp; delete lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; imglazyload("#"+lazycontent.id); lazycontent.classList.remove("lazy"); } }).catch(function(error) { console.error(error) }); }); } }document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { imglazyload(); fragmentlazyload();});</script><script> const _disallow_params = ["gaa_at", "gaa_n", "gaa_ts", "gaa_sig"] tp.push(['init', function() { const current_url = new URL(window.location.href) const matched_params = _disallow_params.filter(el => current_url.searchParams.has(el)) if (!tp.pianoId.isUserValid() && matched_params.length == 0){ loadScript("https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"); setTimeout(() => { google.accounts.id.initialize({ client_id: '853251516072-1eudfpp9hhjtjp31fpm8g9fus3ig0ec3.apps.googleusercontent.com', callback: handleGoogleSignIn, use_fedcm_for_prompt: true, auto_prompt: false, itp_support: true }); handleResponseUrl(); }, 3000); } }]) function parseJwt (token) { var base64Url = token.split('.')[1]; var base64 = base64Url.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/'); var jsonPayload = decodeURIComponent(window.atob(base64).split('').map(function(c) { return '%' + ('00' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2); }).join('')); return JSON.parse(jsonPayload); } </script><div id="g_id_onload" data-skip_prompt_cookie="__utp" data-auto_prompt="false" data-itp_support="true" data-use_fedcm_for_prompt="true" ></div><!-- Promotion content on Login --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Faustina:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><style> #gsi_overlay { display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 9999; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); } #oneTapOverlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 9998; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); } .oneTapOverlay-inner { margin-right: 420px; margin-left: auto; width: calc(100% - 420px); display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: flex-end; margin-top: 80px; } .oTO-Text-Logo img { width: 59px; height: 59px; } .oneTapOverlay-text { display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-top: 57px; max-width: 550px; } .oTO-Text { padding: 0 16px; color: #FFFFFF; } .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 20px; line-height: 28px; font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-weight: bold; margin: 15px 0; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 20px; margin: 16px 0 8px; font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-weight: bold; } .oTO-Text-points { padding: 0; position: absolute; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-family: "Faustina", serif; list-style-type: none; position: relative; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; } .oTO-Text-points li::before { content: ''; display: block; padding: 8px 7px; background: url('https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/arrow-819.svg') no-repeat center center; background-size: contain; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 6px; } .oneTapOverlay-arrow img { max-width: 100%; } @media screen and(max-width: 1250px) { .oneTapOverlay-arrow { display: none } } @media screen and(max-width: 820px) { .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 24px; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 18px; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; } .oneTapOverlay-text { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } } @media screen and(max-height: 500px) { .oneTapOverlay-text { margin-top: 0; } .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 24px; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 18px; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; } } @media(max-width: 767px) { #gsi_overlay { z-index: 9999 !important; } .oTO-Text-points { display: none !important; } } body.headersticky iframe#credential_picker_iframe { bottom: 85px !important; } div#credential_picker_container { z-index: 99999999999999999999 !important; } </style><div id="gsi_overlay"><div class="oneTapOverlay-inner"><div class="oneTapOverlay-text"><div class="oTO-Text-Logo"><img src='https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/th-online-icon.svg' alt="The Hindu"/></div><div class="oTO-Text"><div class="oTO-Text-title">Sign in to unlock member-only benefits!</div><ul class="oTO-Text-points"><li>Access 10 free stories every month</li><li>Save stories to read later</li><li>Access to comment on every story</li><li>Sign-up/manage your newsletter subscriptions with a single click</li><li>Get notified by email for early access to discounts & offers on our products</li></ul></div></div><div class="oneTapOverlay-arrow"><img src='https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/group-12945.svg' alt="Sign in"/></div></div></div><script> const gsi_container = document.getElementById("g_id_onload") const auth_ep = "https://madhyama.thehindu.com/api/gni"; const response_ep = "https://madhyama.thehindu.com/api/sociallogin" function logMomentNotification(v) { console.log(v); // const gsi_overlay = document.getElementById("gsi_overlay") if(v === "display") { // gsi_overlay.style.display = "block"; dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'onetap_signin', 'data' : { 'click':'view', 'click_type' : '', 'general_placement':'body', 'detailed_placement':'', 'goal_type':'onetap_signin_view' } }); } // else gsi_overlay.style.display = "none" } function loginCallback(res) { handleGoogleSignIn() } function pushLoginEventToDataLayer() { dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'onetap_signin', 'data' : { 'click':'sign_in', 'click_type' : 'action', 'general_placement':'body', 'detailed_placement':'', 'goal_type':'onetap_signin' } }); } function handleGoogleSignIn(user) { console.log('handleGoogleSignIn'); const clean_url = cleanArticleUrl(); const options = { method: "POST", headers: getHeaders(), body: JSON.stringify({ "token": user.credential, "article_url": clean_url, "pubId": "TH", }) }; fetch(auth_ep, options) .then(function(res) { if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.statusText) return res.json() }) .then(function(res) { if (res.redirect_uri) { pushLoginEventToDataLayer(); setTimeout(() => { window.location.replace(res.redirect_uri); }, 0200); } else if (!res.token || res.token.trim() === "") return else if(res.token && window.tp.pianoId) tp.push(['init', function() { pushLoginEventToDataLayer(); try { let parsedToken = parseJwt(res.token) dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'login_successful', 'data' : { 'onetap_signin': 'yes', 'email': parsedToken.email, 'uid': parsedToken.sub, 'platform': 'WEB' } }); } catch (error) { console.log("onetap-signin-err", error); } tp.pianoId.loginByToken(res.token); setTimeout(() => window.location.reload(), 0700); }]) else { console.log("Nothing happened...") } }) .catch(err => console.error(err)); } function cleanArticleUrl() { const params_to_remove = ["utm_source", "utm_medium", "utm_campaign", "utm_term", "utm_content"] const url_obj = new URL(`${window.location.href}`) url_obj.searchParams.forEach((v, k) => {if (params_to_remove.includes(k)) url_obj.searchParams.delete(k)} ) return url_obj.toString() } function handleResponseUrl() { const url_obj = new URL(window.location.href) const response_id = url_obj.searchParams.get("response_id") const redirect_uri = url_obj.searchParams.get("internal_redirect_uri") if (!response_id || !redirect_uri) { google?.accounts.id.prompt((d) => { logMomentNotification(d.getMomentType()); }); return } // If user is already logged in, Do nothing with response_id or redirect_uri // else if (window.tp && window.tp.pianoId.isUserValid()) return; const options = { method: 'POST', headers: getHeaders(), body: JSON.stringify({ "response_id": response_id, "pubId": "TH" }) } fetch(response_ep, options) .then(function(res) { if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.statusText) return res.json() }) .then(function(res) { console.log(res) // return if response is not ok OR no access token is present if (!res.data.status === "ok" || !res.data.access_token) return if(window.tp.pianoId) tp.push(['init', function() { try { let parsedToken = parseJwt(res.data.access_token) dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'login_successful', 'data' : { 'onetap_signin': 'yes', 'email': parsedToken.email, 'uid': parsedToken.sub, 'platform': 'WEB' } }); } catch (error) { console.log("onetap-signin-err", error); } tp.pianoId.loginByToken(res.data.access_token) setTimeout(function() { window.location.replace(res.data.redirect_uri) }, 1000); }]) else window.location.replace(res.data.redirect_uri) }) .catch(err => console.error("Error: ", err)); } function getHeaders() { return { "Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*", "Authorization": "Basic dGhlaGluZHU6a251cl9DSC1BNVBZVSU4Vw==", "Content-Type": "application/json", } } </script><script> window.tp.push([ "init", function () { if (window.tp.pianoId.isUserValid()) loadScript("https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/vue-petite.min.js?ver=1739954162") } ]) </script><style> .link a { color: white !important; } .device-info { margin-right: 4px; } .popup-background { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); position: fixed; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; z-index: 15; } [v-cloak] { display: none; } .popup { width: 100%; max-width: 800px; height: auto; background: #000000; padding: 35px 75px 35px 110px; color: #ffffff; position: relative; } .popup .popup-close { border: none; background: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; position: absolute; top: 15px; right: 15px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 200; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none; } .popup .title { font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; display: flex; align-items: center; position: relative; min-height: 50px; } .popup .title::before { content: ""; width: 50px; height: 50px; background: url(../../../theme/images/th-online/th-circle-white.svg) no-repeat center; background-size: 50px 50px; display: block; position: absolute; left: -65px; } .popup .sub-text { font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal; margin: 5px 0 15px; } .popup .popup-btn { background-color: #ffffff !important; color: #000000 !important; font-weight: bold; width: max-content; min-width: 130px; height: 34px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 4px; border: none; cursor: pointer; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; padding: 0px 10px 0px 20px; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 25px auto; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transition: all 0.3s; } .popup .popup-btn:focus { box-shadow: none; outline: none; text-decoration: none; } .popup .popup-btn:after { content: "→"; position: relative; opacity: 0; top: -1px; right: 15%; transition: 0.3s; } .popup .popup-btn:hover { padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 10px; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; outline: none; } .popup .popup-btn:hover::after { opacity: 1; right: -8px; } .popup .device-list { list-style: none; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0; overflow-y: scroll; max-height: calc(100vh - 380px); padding-right: 15px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 10px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1215686275); transition: width 0.3s; cursor: pointer; display: block; border-radius: 20px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3333333333); border-radius: 20px; } .popup .device-list li { width: 100%; padding: 12px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1333333333); } .popup .device-list li:first-child { padding-top: 0; } .popup .device-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; padding-bottom: 0; } .popup .device-list li > div { display: flex; justify-content: left; align-items: flex-start; } .popup .device-list li .s-no { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: right; width: 15px; position: relative; top: 3px; } .popup .device-list li .icon { content: ""; width: 20px; height: 20px; background: url(../../../theme/images/th-online/device-user-icon.svg) no-repeat center; background-size: contain; display: block; margin: 0px 10px 0; position: relative; top: 2px; } .popup .device-list li .device { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; line-height: normal; } .popup .device-list li .device span { display: block; font-family: inherit; } .popup .device-list li .popup-btn { margin: 0 0; } .popup p.link { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-weight: 200; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 20px auto 0; } .popup p.link a { font-weight: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; transition: all 0.3s; } .popup p.link a:hover { text-decoration: none; } .popup p.link span { color: #555555; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: 3px; } @media screen and (max-width: 700px) { .popup { padding: 40px 40px 40px 90px; } } @media screen and(max-width: 570px) { .popup { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; padding: 35px 25px; } .popup .popup-close { font-size: 17px; line-height: 17px; } .popup .title { font-size: 14px; min-height: auto; padding-left: 60px; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 24px; } .popup .title::before { left: 0; } .popup .sub-text { font-size: 14px; margin: 5px 0 15px; line-height: normal; } .popup .popup-btn { min-width: 90px; height: 30px; font-size: 10px; margin: 15px auto; } .popup .popup-btn:hover { padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 0px; } .popup .device-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 5px; } .popup .device-list li { padding: 7px 0; } .popup .device-list li .s-no { font-size: 13px; width: 5px; } .popup .device-list li .icon { width: 15px; height: 15px; background-size: 15px 15px; margin: 2px 7px 0; } .popup .device-list li .device { font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; } .popup p.link { font-size: 12px; margin: 15px auto 0; } .popup p.link a { text-underline-offset: 2px; } .popup p.link span { color: #555555; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: 3px; } } </style><div class="popup-background" id="user-session-popup" v-show="store.session_limit_exceeded === true" v-scope v-cloak><div class="popup"><button class="popup-close" onclick="window.tp.pianoId.logout()">✕</button><div class="title">Looks like you are already logged in from more than 3 devices!</div><div class="sub-text">To continue logging in, remove at least one device from the below list</div><ul class="device-list"><li v-for="device_detail, index in store.device_info" :key="index"><div class="device-info" v-scope="DeviceInfoComponent({index, ...device_detail})"></div><button class="btn popup-btn" @click="sendDeleteRequest([device_detail.payload], 'single')">Log out</button></li></ul><button class="btn popup-btn" @click="sendDeleteRequest(store.device_info.map(di => di.payload), 'all')">Log Out from all devices</button><p class="link"><a href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/privacy.html" target="_blank">Terms & conditions</a><span> | </span><a href="https://forms.office.com/r/tz7UETzxUs" target="_blank">Institutional Subscriber</a></p></div></div><template id="device-info"><span class="s-no">${ ind + 1 }</span><span class="icon"></span><span class="device"> ${ device }<span class="duration">Last active - ${ la }</span></span></template><script>const us_api_domain = "/";</script><script src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/user_session.min.js?ver=1739954321"></script></body></html>