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<ul id="toc-Venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Games </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Games-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Games subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opening_ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Opening ceremony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Notable achievements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participating_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participating_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Participating nations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participating_nations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Participating nations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Participating_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medal_count" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medal_count"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Medal count </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medal_count-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Political aspects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antisemitism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antisemitism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Antisemitism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antisemitism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boycott_debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boycott_debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Boycott debate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boycott_debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.2 Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.3 Soviet Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.4 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.5 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_surviving_competitor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_surviving_competitor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Last surviving competitor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_surviving_competitor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1936 Summer Olympics</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" > 83 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1936" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1936 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1936" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_1936" title="Берлин 1936 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Берлин 1936" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_1936" title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1936 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1936" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuegos_Olimpicos_de_Berl%C3%ADn_1936" title="Chuegos Olimpicos de Berlín 1936 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chuegos Olimpicos de Berlín 1936" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Berl%C3%ADn_1936" title="Xuegos Olímpicos de Berlín 1936 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuegos Olímpicos de Berlín 1936" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91embosaraipav%E1%BA%BD_Arahak%C3%BApe_1936" title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1936 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñembosaraipavẽ Arahakúpe 1936" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Yay_Olimpiya_Oyunlar%C4%B1" title="1936 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1936 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Masan_Panes_1936" title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1936 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Olimpiade Masan Panes 1936" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AC_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="১৯৩৬ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৩৬ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_n%C3%AE_H%C4%81-k%C3%B9i_Olympic_%C5%AAn-t%C5%8Dng-ho%C4%93" title="1936 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1936 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1936" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1936 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1936" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_1936_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1936 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1936 году" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1936" title="Летни олимпийски игри 1936 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Летни олимпийски игри 1936" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics_d%27Estiu_de_1936" title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1936 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jocs Olímpics d'Estiu de 1936" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%AD_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1936" title="Letní olympijské hry 1936 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letní olympijské hry 1936" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemau_Olympaidd_yr_Haf_1936" title="Gemau Olympaidd yr Haf 1936 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gemau Olympaidd yr Haf 1936" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1936" title="Sommer-OL 1936 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sommer-OL 1936" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Sommerspiele_1936" title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1936 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olympische Sommerspiele 1936" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936._aasta_suveol%C3%BCmpiam%C3%A4ngud" title="1936. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1936. aasta suveolümpiamängud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%91%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_1936" title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1936 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1936" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Berl%C3%ADn_1936" title="Juegos Olímpicos de Berlín 1936 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juegos Olímpicos de Berlín 1936" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somera_Olimpiko_1936" title="Somera Olimpiko 1936 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Somera Olimpiko 1936" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936ko_Udako_Olinpiar_Jokoak" title="1936ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1936ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B6" title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۳۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۳۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_1936" title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 1936 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 1936" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympyske_Simmerspullen_1936" title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1936 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Olympyske Simmerspullen 1936" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_1936" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1936 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1936" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%EB%85%84_%ED%95%98%EA%B3%84_%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD" title="1936년 하계 올림픽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1936년 하계 올림픽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80_1936" title="Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1936 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1936" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="1936 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलंपिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="1936 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलंपिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI._Olimpijske_igre_%E2%80%93_Berlin_1936." title="XI. Olimpijske igre – Berlin 1936. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="XI. Olimpijske igre – Berlin 1936." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiala_Ludi_en_Berlin,_1936" title="Olimpiala Ludi en Berlin, 1936 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Olimpiala Ludi en Berlin, 1936" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_1936" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1936 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1936" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumar%C3%B3lymp%C3%ADuleikarnir_1936" title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1936 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 1936" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giochi_della_XI_Olimpiade" title="Giochi della XI Olimpiade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giochi della XI Olimpiade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_(1936)" title="אולימפיאדת ברלין (1936) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אולימפיאדת ברלין (1936)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="1936 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1936 жылғы Жазғы Олимпиада ойындары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_aestiva_1936" title="Olympia aestiva 1936 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Olympia aestiva 1936" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936._gada_vasaras_olimpisk%C4%81s_sp%C4%93les" title="1936. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1936. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympesch_Summerspiller_1936" title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1936 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Olympesch Summerspiller 1936" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_m._vasaros_olimpin%C4%97s_%C5%BEaidyn%C4%97s" title="1936 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1936 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936._%C3%A9vi_ny%C3%A1ri_olimpiai_j%C3%A1t%C3%A9kok" title="1936. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1936. évi nyári olimpiai játékok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1936" title="Летни олимписки игри 1936 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Летни олимписки игри 1936" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AC_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="१९३६ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="१९३६ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81_1936" title="اوليمبياد صيف 1936 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوليمبياد صيف 1936" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B6_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="۱۹۳۶ تابستونی المپیک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۳۶ تابستونی المپیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukan_Olimpik_Musim_Panas_1936" title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1936 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas 1936" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="1936 оны Зуны Олимп – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1936 оны Зуны Олимп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympische_Zomerspelen_1936" title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1936 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olympische Zomerspelen 1936" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="1936年ベルリンオリンピック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1936年ベルリンオリンピック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommer-OL_1936" title="Sommer-OL 1936 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sommer-OL 1936" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommar-OL_1936" title="Sommar-OL 1936 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sommar-OL 1936" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2cs_Olimpics_d%27estiu_de_1936" title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1936 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jòcs Olimpics d'estiu de 1936" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="1936 ਗਰਮ ਰੁੱਤ ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1936 ਗਰਮ ਰੁੱਤ ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9_%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="1936 اولمپک کھیڈاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1936 اولمپک کھیڈاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letnie_Igrzyska_Olimpijskie_1936" title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1936 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1936" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Ver%C3%A3o_de_1936" title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1936 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1936" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_1936" title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1936 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1936" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuwasinyuq_pukllaykuna_1936" title="Apuwasinyuq pukllaykuna 1936 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apuwasinyuq pukllaykuna 1936" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B_1936" title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1936 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Летние Олимпийские игры 1936" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="1936 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1936 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loj%C3%ABrat_Olimpike_Verore_1936" title="Lojërat Olimpike Verore 1936 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lojërat Olimpike Verore 1936" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="1936 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1936 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1936 Summer Olympics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1936" title="Letné olympijské hry 1936 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Letné olympijské hry 1936" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poletne_olimpijske_igre_1936" title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1936 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poletne olimpijske igre 1936" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A3%D9%A6" title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٩٣٦ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆڵۆمپیادی ھاوینەی ١٩٣٦" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5_1936." title="Летње олимпијске игре 1936. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летње олимпијске игре 1936." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetne_olimpijske_igre_1936." title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1936. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljetne olimpijske igre 1936." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_1936" title="Kesäolympialaiset 1936 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kesäolympialaiset 1936" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiska_sommarspelen_1936" title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1936 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olympiska sommarspelen 1936" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1936 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1936 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_1936" title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1936 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1936" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_1936" title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1936 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1936" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Yaz_Olimpiyatlar%C4%B1" title="1936 Yaz Olimpiyatları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1936 Yaz Olimpiyatları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_1936" title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1936 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літні Олімпійські ігри 1936" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%D8%A1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="1936ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1936ء گرمائی اولمپکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_v%E1%BA%ADn_h%E1%BB%99i_M%C3%B9a_h%C3%A8_1936" title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1936 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế vận hội Mùa hè 1936" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeus_olimpikes_d%27_est%C3%A9_di_1936" title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1936 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1936" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1936年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1936年夏季奥林匹克运动会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%8Cd%C3%ADje_%C3%92l%C3%ADmp%C3%ADk%C3%AC_%C3%8Cgb%C3%A0_Oru_1936" title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1936 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1936" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="1936年夏季奧林匹克運動會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1936年夏季奧林匹克運動會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1936年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Multi-sport event in Berlin, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1936 August Olympics in Berlin. For the planned 1936 August Olympics in Barcelona, see <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Olympiad" title="People's Olympiad">People's Olympiad</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Games of the XI Olympiad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:1936_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/1936_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg/230px-1936_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/1936_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg/345px-1936_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/1936_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg/460px-1936_Summer_Olympics_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="348" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the 1936 Summer Olympics</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">I Call the Youth of the World!<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Ich rufe die Jugend der Welt!)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">Nations</a></th><td class="infobox-data">49</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Athletes</th><td class="infobox-data">3,963 (3,632 men, 331 women)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Events</th><td class="infobox-data">129 in 19 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">sports</a> (25 disciplines)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony" title="1936 Summer Olympics opening ceremony">Opening</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 August 1936</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closing</th><td class="infobox-data">16 August 1936</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games">Opened by</a></th><td class="infobox-data vcard attendee"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a><a href="#cite_note-Opening_and_Cauldron-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron" title="List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron">Cauldron</a></th><td class="infobox-data vcard attendee"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Schilgen" title="Fritz Schilgen">Fritz Schilgen</a><a href="#cite_note-Opening_and_Cauldron-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Stadium</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Berlin)" title="Olympiastadion (Berlin)">Olympiastadion</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center;">Summer</div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">Los Angeles 1932</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">London 1948</a> →<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">Tokyo 1940</a> →</div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center;">Winter</div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">Garmisch 1936</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">St. Moritz 1948</a> →<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics">Sapporo 1940</a> →</div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/80px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1936 Summer Olympics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Venues">Venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay" title="1936 Summer Olympics torch relay">Opening ceremony (torch relay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics_medal_table" title="1936 Summer Olympics medal table">Medal table</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Category:Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics">medallists</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Olympic_Decoration" title="German Olympic Decoration">German Olympic Decoration</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Organization">Organisation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Tschammer_und_Osten" title="Hans von Tschammer und Osten">Hans von Tschammer und Osten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Diem" title="Carl Diem">Carl Diem</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals_and_controversies#1936_Summer_Olympics_–_Berlin,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies">Concerns and controversies</a></li> <li>In culture: <a href="/wiki/Berlin_36" title="Berlin 36">Berlin 36</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chan_at_the_Olympics" title="Charlie Chan at the Olympics">Charlie Chan at the Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/March_Violets" title="March Violets">March Violets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympische_Hymne" title="Olympische Hymne">Olympische Hymne</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:1936 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Template talk:1936 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1936 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The 1936 Summer Olympics (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Olympische Sommerspiele 1936), officially the Games of the XI Olympiad (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Spiele der XI. Olympiade) and officially branded as Berlin 1936, was an international <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport event</a> held from 1 to 16 August 1936 in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> on the 29th <a href="/wiki/IOC_Session" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC Session">IOC Session</a> on 26 April 1931. The 1936 Games marked the second and most recent time the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> gathered to vote in a city bidding to host those Games. Later rule modifications forbade cities hosting the bid vote from being awarded the games. To outdo the <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Los Angeles Games</a>, Reichsführer <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> had <a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Berlin)" title="Olympiastadion (Berlin)">a new 100,000-seat track and field stadium</a> built, as well as six gymnasiums and other smaller arenas. The Games were the first to be <a href="/wiki/Fernsehsender_Paul_Nipkow" title="Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow">televised</a>, with radio broadcasts reaching 41 countries.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2">[2]</a> Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a> was commissioned by the German Olympic Committee to film the Games for $7 million.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2">[2]</a> Her film, titled <a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a>, pioneered many of the techniques now common in the filming of sports. Hitler saw the 1936 Games as an opportunity to promote his government and ideals of racial supremacy and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, and the official <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> paper, the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a>, wrote in the strongest terms that Jews should not be allowed to participate in the Games.<a href="#cite_note-Hitlerland._p._188-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-David_Clay_Large_p._58-4">[4]</a> German Jewish athletes were barred or prevented from taking part in the Games by a variety of methods,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> although some female swimmers from the Jewish sports club <a href="/wiki/Hakoah_Vienna" title="Hakoah Vienna">Hakoah Vienna</a> did participate. Jewish athletes from other countries were said to have been sidelined to avoid offending the Nazi regime.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> was expelled from the Olympic Games due to Berlin's position regarding Lithuanian anti-Nazi policy, particularly because of the 1934–35 <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Neumann_and_Sass" title="Trial of Neumann and Sass">Trial of Neumann and Sass</a> in Klaipėda.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Total ticket revenues were 7.5 million <a href="/wiki/German_Reichsmark" class="mw-redirect" title="German Reichsmark">Reichsmark</a> (equivalent to €17.4 million in 2021), for a profit of over one million R.M. The official budget did not include <a href="/wiki/Outlay" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlay">outlays</a> by the city of Berlin (which issued an itemized report detailing its costs of 16.5 million R.M.) or the outlays of the German national government (which did not make its costs public, but is estimated to have spent US$30 million).<a href="#cite_note-Zarnowski-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics">United States</a> won four gold medals in the sprint and <a href="/wiki/Long_jump" title="Long jump">long jump</a> events, and became the most successful athlete to compete in Berlin, while <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Germany</a> was <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics_medal_table" title="1936 Summer Olympics medal table">the most successful country</a> overall with 101 medals (38 of them gold); the United States placed a distant second with 57 medals.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> These were the final Olympic Games under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Baillet-Latour" title="Henri de Baillet-Latour">Henri de Baillet-Latour</a>. For the next 12 years, no Olympic Games were held due to the immense world disruption caused by the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. The next Olympic Games were held in 1948 (the <a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">Winter Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, Switzerland, and then the <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">Summer Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Host_city_selection">Host city selection</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Host city selection">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>1936 Summer Olympics bidding result<a href="#cite_note-votes-10">[10]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Country </th> <td style="background:silver;">Round 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-Weimar-11">[a]</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spain</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abstentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstentions">Abstentions</a></td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Withdrawn bids </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%9346)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)">Hungary</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-Weimar-11">[a]</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Ireland</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-Weimar-11">[a]</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-Weimar-11">[a]</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Brazil</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy"><img alt="Kingdom of Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr></tbody></table> At the 28th <a href="/wiki/IOC_Session" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC Session">IOC Session</a>, held in May 1930 in Berlin, 14 cities announced their intention to bid to host the 1936 Summer Olympic Games.<a href="#cite_note-iocbulletinv5n16p20-12">[11]</a> By the time of the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona in April 1931, only Barcelona and Berlin were left in contention. The other cities that announced an intention to hold the games, but withdrew from the race, were <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iocbulletinv5n16p20-12">[11]</a> Helsinki, Rome, Barcelona, and Rio de Janeiro would go on to host the Olympic Games in 1952, 1960, 1992, and 2016, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-votes-10">[10]</a> Rome withdrew on the eve of the 1931 Session.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The city of Barcelona held a multi-sport festival at the same time as the 1931 IOC Session. This included a football match between <a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_national_football_team" title="Republic of Ireland national football team">Irish Free State</a>, which was watched by 50,000 spectators. The political uncertainty around the declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>, which had happened days before the IOC Session, was likely a great factor in the decision taken by delegates regarding the host city for 1936.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The games were the first for which the host was decided by a vote of each individual <a href="/wiki/IOC_members" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC members">IOC member</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The deadline for votes was 13 May 1931, two weeks after the Barcelona Session.<a href="#cite_note-iocbulletinv6n18p15-15">[14]</a> Of the 67 voting IOC members, 19 submitted ballots during the Session, and 40 by post to the IOC headquarters in Lausanne; the other 8 abstained. The vote was 43 for Berlin, and 16 for Barcelona.<a href="#cite_note-iocbulletinv6n18p15-15">[14]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Nazis took control</a> of Germany and began instituting <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany#Racial_policies_regarding_the_Jews,_1933–1939" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">anti-Semitic policies</a>, the IOC held private discussions among its delegates about changing the decision to hold the Games in Berlin. However, Hitler's regime gave assurances that Jewish athletes would be allowed to compete on a German Olympic team.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> One year before the games, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Olympic_%26_Paralympic_Committee" title="United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee">American Olympic Association</a> suggested to change the venue to Rome; they saw Rome as a good replacement because Rome was originally selected to hold the <a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 Summer Olympics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Tschammer_und_Osten" title="Hans von Tschammer und Osten">Hans von Tschammer und Osten</a>, as Reichssportführer (i.e., head of the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise</a> (Deutscher Reichsbund für Leibesübungen, DRL), the Reich Sports Office, played a major role in the structure and organisation of the Olympics. He promoted the idea that the use of sports would harden the German spirit and instill unity among German youth. At the same time, he also believed that sports was a "way to weed out the weak, Jewish, and other undesirables".<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> Von Tschammer entrusted the details of the organisation of the games to <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lewald" title="Theodor Lewald">Theodor Lewald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Diem" title="Carl Diem">Carl Diem</a>, the former president and secretary of the Deutscher Reichsausschuss für Leibesübungen, the forerunner of the Reich Sports Office. Among Diem's ideas for the Berlin Games was the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Olympic torch relay</a> between <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and the host nation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torch_relay">Torch relay</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Torch relay">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay" title="1936 Summer Olympics torch relay">1936 Summer Olympics torch relay</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-116-08A,_Olympische_Spiele,_Fackell%C3%A4ufer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-116-08A%2C_Olympische_Spiele%2C_Fackell%C3%A4ufer.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-116-08A%2C_Olympische_Spiele%2C_Fackell%C3%A4ufer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-116-08A%2C_Olympische_Spiele%2C_Fackell%C3%A4ufer.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-116-08A%2C_Olympische_Spiele%2C_Fackell%C3%A4ufer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-116-08A%2C_Olympische_Spiele%2C_Fackell%C3%A4ufer.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-116-08A%2C_Olympische_Spiele%2C_Fackell%C3%A4ufer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Runners carrying the Olympic Flame</figcaption></figure> The 1936 Summer Olympics torch relay was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays" title="List of Olympic torch relays">first of its kind</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> following on from the reintroduction of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Flame" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Flame">Olympic Flame</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Games</a>. It pioneered the modern convention of moving the flame via a relay system from Greece to the Olympic venue. Leni Riefenstahl filmed the relay for the 1938 film <a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The sportive, knightly battle awakens the best human characteristics. It doesn't separate but unites the combatants in understanding and respect. It also helps to connect the countries in the spirit of peace. That's why the Olympic Flame should never die.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, commenting on the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Broadcasting">edit</a>]</div> The games were the first to have <a href="/wiki/Live_television" title="Live television">live television</a> coverage in black-and-white. The German Post Office, using equipment from <a href="/wiki/Telefunken" title="Telefunken">Telefunken</a>, broadcast over 70 hours of coverage to special viewing rooms throughout Berlin and <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> and a few private TV sets, transmitting from the <a href="/wiki/Fernsehsender_Paul_Nipkow" title="Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow">Paul Nipkow TV Station</a>. They used three different types of TV cameras, so blackouts would occur when changing from one type to another.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> The games were also first time photographed and filmed in color using newly invented <a href="/wiki/Agfacolor" title="Agfacolor">Agfacolor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olympic_village">Olympic village</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Olympic village">edit</a>]</div> The 1936 Olympic village was located at Elstal in <a href="/wiki/Wustermark" title="Wustermark">Wustermark</a> (at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1936_Summer_Olympics&params=52_32_10.78_N_13_0_33.20_E_scale:8000">52°32′10.78″N 13°0′33.20″E / 52.5363278°N 13.0092222°E / 52.5363278; 13.0092222</a>), on the western edge of Berlin. The site, which is 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the centre of the city, consisted of one and two-floor dormitories, a large dining hall, Dining Hall of the Nations, a swimming facility, a gymnasium, track, and other training facilities. Its layout was designed and construction was overseen by the appointed village commander <a href="/wiki/Hauptmann" title="Hauptmann">Hauptmann</a> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_F%C3%BCrstner" title="Wolfgang Fürstner">Wolfgang Fürstner</a> beginning in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Less than two months before the start of the Olympic Games, Fürstner was abruptly demoted to vice-commander, and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Oberstleutnant" title="Oberstleutnant">Oberstleutnant</a> <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Gilsa" title="Werner von Gilsa">Werner von Gilsa</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Infantry_Regiment_Gro%C3%9Fdeutschland" title="Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland">Berlin Guard-Regiment</a>. The official reason for the replacement was that Fürstner had not acted "with the necessary energy" to prevent damage to the site as 370,000 visitors passed through it between 1 May and 15 June. However, this was just a cover story to explain the sudden demotion of the half-Jewish officer.<a href="#cite_note-Ripon-24">[23]</a> The 1935 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a>, passed during the period Fürstner was overseeing the Olympic Village, had classified him as a Jew, and as such, the career officer was to be expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Two days after the conclusion of the Berlin Olympics, vice-commander Fürstner had been removed from active Wehrmacht duty,<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> and committed suicide a day later because he realised he had no future under the Nazis.<a href="#cite_note-Ripon-24">[23]</a> After the completion of the Olympic Games, the village was repurposed for the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> into the Olympic Döberitz Hospital (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Olympia-Lazarett Döberitz), and Army Infantry School (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Heeres-Infanterieschule), and was used as such through the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. In 1945 it was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and became a military camp of the Soviet occupation forces. Late 20th-century efforts were made to restore parts of the former village, but little progress was made.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] More recently, the vast majority of the land of the Olympic Village has been managed by the DKB Foundation, with more success; efforts are being made to restore the site into a living museum. The dormitory building used by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meissen" title="Meissen">Meissen</a> House, has been fully restored, with the gymnasium and swimming hall partially restored. Seasonally, tours are given daily to small groups and students.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> The site remains relatively unknown even in Germany, but some tournaments are held at the site to boost knowledge of the venues.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 233.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019183,_Berlin,_Olympisches_Dorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Olympic village"><img alt="The Olympic village" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019183%2C_Berlin%2C_Olympisches_Dorf.jpg/350px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019183%2C_Berlin%2C_Olympisches_Dorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019183%2C_Berlin%2C_Olympisches_Dorf.jpg/525px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019183%2C_Berlin%2C_Olympisches_Dorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019183%2C_Berlin%2C_Olympisches_Dorf.jpg/700px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P019183%2C_Berlin%2C_Olympisches_Dorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="549" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Olympic village</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Village_house_of_Jesse_Owens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="US track team house at the Olympic village, 2015"><img alt="US track team house at the Olympic village, 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Olympic_Village_house_of_Jesse_Owens.jpg/360px-Olympic_Village_house_of_Jesse_Owens.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Olympic_Village_house_of_Jesse_Owens.jpg/540px-Olympic_Village_house_of_Jesse_Owens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Olympic_Village_house_of_Jesse_Owens.jpg/720px-Olympic_Village_house_of_Jesse_Owens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">US track team house at the Olympic village, 2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_Owen%27s_Room_in_Berlin_1936_Olympic_Village.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jesse Owens' room at the Olympic village, 2015"><img alt="Jesse Owens' room at the Olympic village, 2015" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jesse_Owen%27s_Room_in_Berlin_1936_Olympic_Village.jpg/360px-Jesse_Owen%27s_Room_in_Berlin_1936_Olympic_Village.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jesse_Owen%27s_Room_in_Berlin_1936_Olympic_Village.jpg/540px-Jesse_Owen%27s_Room_in_Berlin_1936_Olympic_Village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jesse_Owen%27s_Room_in_Berlin_1936_Olympic_Village.jpg/720px-Jesse_Owen%27s_Room_in_Berlin_1936_Olympic_Village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jesse Owens' room at the Olympic village, 2015</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindenburg_D-LZ129_l%C3%A9ghaj%C3%B3_a_Berlini_Olimpia_idej%C3%A9n._Fortepan_17447.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="LZ 129 Hindenburg flying over the village, with the Olympics logo painted on its underside hull"><img alt="LZ 129 Hindenburg flying over the village, with the Olympics logo painted on its underside hull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hindenburg_D-LZ129_l%C3%A9ghaj%C3%B3_a_Berlini_Olimpia_idej%C3%A9n._Fortepan_17447.jpg/241px-Hindenburg_D-LZ129_l%C3%A9ghaj%C3%B3_a_Berlini_Olimpia_idej%C3%A9n._Fortepan_17447.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hindenburg_D-LZ129_l%C3%A9ghaj%C3%B3_a_Berlini_Olimpia_idej%C3%A9n._Fortepan_17447.jpg/362px-Hindenburg_D-LZ129_l%C3%A9ghaj%C3%B3_a_Berlini_Olimpia_idej%C3%A9n._Fortepan_17447.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hindenburg_D-LZ129_l%C3%A9ghaj%C3%B3_a_Berlini_Olimpia_idej%C3%A9n._Fortepan_17447.jpg/483px-Hindenburg_D-LZ129_l%C3%A9ghaj%C3%B3_a_Berlini_Olimpia_idej%C3%A9n._Fortepan_17447.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3359" data-file-height="3339" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/LZ_129_Hindenburg" title="LZ 129 Hindenburg">LZ 129 Hindenburg</a> flying over the village, with the Olympics logo painted on its underside hull</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venues">Venues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Venues">edit</a>]</div> Twenty-two venues were used for the 1936 Summer Olympics. Many were located in the <a href="/wiki/Olympiapark_Berlin" title="Olympiapark Berlin">Reich Sportsfeld</a> complex. Sailing was held in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Bay of Kiel</a>, which would serve as <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics">the same sporting venue for the 1972 Summer Olympics</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> The Olympic Stadium would later be part of two <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cups</a> and then host an <a href="/wiki/IAAF_World_Championships_in_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="IAAF World Championships in Athletics">IAAF World Championships in Athletics</a> along with undergoing a renovation in the early 2000s to give new life to the stadium. <a href="/wiki/AVUS" title="AVUS">Avus Motor Road</a> (AVUS) was started in 1907, but was not completed until 1921 due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kfi-30">[29]</a> The track was rebuilt for the 1936 Games.<a href="#cite_note-kfi-30">[29]</a> AVUS continued being used after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> though mainly in <a href="/wiki/Formula_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula 2">Formula 2</a> racing.<a href="#cite_note-kfi-30">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/German_Grand_Prix" title="German Grand Prix">German Grand Prix</a> was last held at the track in 1959.<a href="#cite_note-kfi-30">[29]</a> Dismantling of the track first took place in 1968 to make way for a traffic crossing for touring cars that raced there until 1998.<a href="#cite_note-kfi-30">[29]</a> BSV 92 Field was first constructed in 1910 for use in football, handball, athletics, and tennis.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The Reich Sports Field, which consisted of the Olympic Stadium, the Dietrich Eckert Open-Air Theatre, the Olympic Swimming Stadium, Mayfield, the Hockey Stadiums, the Tennis Courts, and the Haus des Deutschen Sports, was planned for the aborted <a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics">1916 Summer Olympics</a>, but was not completed until 1934.<a href="#cite_note-rsf-32">[31]</a> Mayfield was the last venue completed prior to the 1936 Games in April 1936.<a href="#cite_note-rsf-32">[31]</a> Deutschland Hall was opened in 1935.<a href="#cite_note-mhb-33">[32]</a> Mommenstadion opened in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-mstad-34">[33]</a> Basketball was held outdoors at the request of the <a href="/wiki/International_Basketball_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Basketball Federation">International Basketball Federation</a> (FIBA).<a href="#cite_note-wal1-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The tennis courts were used, which turned to mud during heavy rain at the final.<a href="#cite_note-wal1-35">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_K-1_1000_metres" title="Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 1000 metres">K-1 1000 m</a> canoeing final was also affected by heavy rain at Grünau that included thunder and lightning.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> During World War II, <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandhalle" title="Deutschlandhalle">Deutschlandhalle</a> in Berlin, suffered heavy aerial bombing damage.<a href="#cite_note-mhb-33">[32]</a> After the war, the hall was reconstructed and expanded.<a href="#cite_note-mhb-33">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandhalle" title="Deutschlandhalle">Deutschlandhalle</a> was used as a venue, but was increasingly closed for repairs, last in 2009. It was demolished in December 2011.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Mommsenstadion" title="Mommsenstadion">Mommsenstadion</a> was renovated in 1987 and was still in use as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mstad-34">[33]</a> The Olympic Stadium was used as an underground <a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">bunker</a> in World War II as the war went against <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s favor.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> The British reopened the Stadium in 1946 and parts of the stadium were rebuilt by the late 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> As a host venue for the <a href="/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1974 FIFA World Cup">1974 FIFA World Cup</a>, the stadium had its roof partially covered on the North and South Stands.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> British occupation of the stadium ended in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Restoration was approved in 1998 with a contractor being found to do the work in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> This restoration ran from 2000 to 2004.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> The modernized Stadium reopened in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> with a capacity of 74,228 people. The seating has been changed greatly, especially the sections that were reserved for German and international political leaders. The stadium now plays host to <a href="/wiki/Hertha_BSC" title="Hertha BSC">Hertha BSC</a> (1963–present), and is expected to remain the home of the team for years to come. For the <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006 FIFA World Cup</a>, the venue was where the final took place between Italy and France.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Three years later, the venue hosted the <a href="/wiki/2009_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2009 World Championships in Athletics">World Athletics Championships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Venue </th> <th class="unsortable">Sports </th> <th>Capacity </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AVUS" title="AVUS">Avus Motor Road</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> (marathon, 50 km walk), <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> (road)</td> <td align="right">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berliner_SV_1892" title="Berliner SV 1892">BSV Field</a></td> <td>Cycling (track), <a href="/wiki/Handball_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Handball at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Handball</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waldb%C3%BChne" title="Waldbühne">Dietrich Eckart Open-Air Theatre</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-osb-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallgow-D%C3%B6beritz" title="Dallgow-Döberitz">Döberitz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Equestrian</a> (eventing), <a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Modern pentathlon at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Modern pentathlon</a> (riding)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandhalle" title="Deutschlandhalle">Deutschlandhalle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,630 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin-Gr%C3%BCnau_Regatta_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin-Grünau Regatta Course">Berlin-Grünau Regatta Course</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Canoeing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Rowing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Rowing</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haus_des_Deutschen_Sports" title="Haus des Deutschen Sports">Haus des Deutschen Sports</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a>, Modern pentathlon (fencing)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1200 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stadion_am_Gesundbrunnen" title="Stadion am Gesundbrunnen">Hertha BSC Field</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Football</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">35,239 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-fball-55">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium (Berlin)">Hockeystadion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Field hockey</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-osb-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium (Berlin)">Hockeystadion#2</a></td> <td>Field hockey</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1600 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-osb-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Kiel Bay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Sailing</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium (Berlin)">Mayfield</a></td> <td>Equestrian (dressage), <a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Polo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">75,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-osb-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mommsenstadion" title="Mommsenstadion">Mommsenstadion</a></td> <td>Football</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,005 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-fball-55">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium (Berlin)">Olympic Stadium</a></td> <td>Athletics, Equestrian (jumping), Football (final), Handball (final)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-osb-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympiapark_Schwimmstadion_Berlin" title="Olympiapark Schwimmstadion Berlin">Olympic Swimming Stadium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Diving</a>, Modern pentathlon (swimming), <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Water polo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Police_Stadium_(Berlin)" title="Police Stadium (Berlin)">Police Stadium</a></td> <td>Handball</td> <td style="text-align:right;">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poststadion" title="Poststadion">Poststadion</a></td> <td>Football</td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,000 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-fball-55">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruhleben_internment_camp" title="Ruhleben internment camp">Ruhleben</a></td> <td>Modern pentathlon (shooting)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennis_Courts_(Berlin)" title="Tennis Courts (Berlin)">Tennis Courts</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Basketball</a>, Fencing (épée)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">832 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-tstad-60">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennis_Stadium_(Berlin)" title="Tennis Stadium (Berlin)">Tennis Stadium</a></td> <td>Basketball</td> <td style="text-align:right;">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-tstad-60">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wannsee" title="Wannsee">Wannsee Golf Course</a></td> <td>Modern pentathlon (running)</td> <td style="text-align:right;">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-wsee-61">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wannsee" title="Wannsee">Wannsee Shooting Range</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">Not listed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-wsee-61">[60]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Games">Games</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Games">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_ceremony">Opening ceremony</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opening ceremony">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P017045,_Berlin,_Er%C3%B6ffnung_der_XI._Olympischen_Spiele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P017045%2C_Berlin%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung_der_XI._Olympischen_Spiele.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P017045%2C_Berlin%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung_der_XI._Olympischen_Spiele.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P017045%2C_Berlin%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung_der_XI._Olympischen_Spiele.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P017045%2C_Berlin%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung_der_XI._Olympischen_Spiele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P017045%2C_Berlin%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung_der_XI._Olympischen_Spiele.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-P017045%2C_Berlin%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung_der_XI._Olympischen_Spiele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Parade of nations</figcaption></figure> The opening ceremony was held at the <a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Berlin)" title="Olympiastadion (Berlin)">Berlin Olympic Stadium</a> on 1 August 1936. A flyover by the German airship <a href="/wiki/LZ_129_Hindenburg" title="LZ 129 Hindenburg">Hindenburg</a> flying the Olympic flag behind it was featured early in the opening ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[61]</a> After the arrival of Hitler and his entourage, the parade of nations proceeded, each nation with its own unique costume. As the birthplace of the Olympics, Greece entered the stadium first. The host nation, Germany, entered last. Some nations' athletes purposefully gave the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi salute</a> as they passed Hitler. Others gave the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic salute">Olympic salute</a> (a similar one, given with the same arm), or a different gesture entirely, such as hats-over-hearts, as the United States, India,<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> and China did. All nations lowered their flags[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1936_Summer_Olympics#Dubious" title="Talk:1936 Summer Olympics">discuss</a>] as they passed the Führer, save the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth of the Philippines</a>. (The United States doing this was explained later as an army regulation.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[61]</a>) Writer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolfe" title="Thomas Wolfe">Thomas Wolfe</a>, who was there, described the opening as an "almost religious event, the crowd screaming, swaying in unison and begging for Hitler. There was something scary about it; his cult of personality."<a href="#cite_note-owensdoc-64">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00372,_Berlin,_XI._Olympiade,_Er%C3%B6ffnung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00372%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._Olympiade%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00372%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._Olympiade%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00372%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._Olympiade%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00372%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._Olympiade%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00372%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._Olympiade%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-G00372%2C_Berlin%2C_XI._Olympiade%2C_Er%C3%B6ffnung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Baillet-Latour" title="Henri de Baillet-Latour">Henri de Baillet-Latour</a> enter the Olympic Stadium</figcaption></figure> After a speech by the president of the German Olympic Committee, the games were officially declared open by Adolf Hitler who quoted (in German): "I proclaim open the Olympic Games of Berlin, celebrating the Eleventh Olympiad of the modern era."<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[61]</a> This sentence was written by IOC President Baillet-Latour as part of a compromise the IOC struck to prevent Hitler from turning the speech into a propaganda event, and he was to follow it strictly, to which Hitler reportedly joked "Count, I'll take the trouble to learn it by heart".<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Hitler opened the games from his own box, on top of others. Writer <a href="/wiki/David_Wallechinsky" title="David Wallechinsky">David Wallechinsky</a> has commented on the event, saying, "This was his event, he wanted to be glorified."<a href="#cite_note-owensdoc-64">[63]</a> Although the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Olympic flame</a> was first introduced in the <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Summer Olympics</a> in Amsterdam, this was the first instance of the torch relay. The Nazis invented the concept of the torch run from ancient <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a> to the host city. Thus as swimmer <a href="/wiki/Iris_Cummings" title="Iris Cummings">Iris Cummings</a> later related, "once the athletes were all in place, the torch bearer ran in through the tunnel to go around the stadium". A young man chosen for this task ran up the steps all the way up to the top of the stadium there to light a cauldron which would start this eternal flame that would burn through the duration of the games.<a href="#cite_note-owensdoc-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> But despite all the pomp and ceremony, and the glorification of Hitler, all did not go according to plan, and there was a rather humorous aspect in the opening ceremony. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Distance_runner" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance runner">distance runner</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Zamperini" title="Louis Zamperini">Louis Zamperini</a>, one of the athletes present, related it on camera:<a href="#cite_note-owensdoc-64">[63]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">They released 25,000 pigeons, the sky was clouded with <a href="/wiki/Pigeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigeon">pigeons</a>, the pigeons circled overhead, and then they shot a cannon, and they <a href="/wiki/Defecation#Voluntary_and_involuntary_control" title="Defecation">scared the</a> <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">poop</a> out of the pigeons, and we had straw hats, flat straw hats, and you could heard the pitter-patter on our straw hats, but we felt sorry for the women, for they got it in their hair, but I mean there were a mass of droppings, and I say it was so funny...</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> 129 events in 25 disciplines, comprising 19 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1936. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Aquatics <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Diving_pictogram.svg/20px-Diving_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Diving_pictogram.svg/30px-Diving_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Diving_pictogram.svg/40px-Diving_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Diving</a> (4)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/20px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/30px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Swimming_pictogram.svg/40px-Swimming_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Swimming</a> (11)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/20px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/30px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Water polo</a> (1)</li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/20px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/30px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a> (29)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Basketball_pictogram.svg/20px-Basketball_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Basketball_pictogram.svg/30px-Basketball_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Basketball_pictogram.svg/40px-Basketball_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Basketball</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/20px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/30px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/40px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Boxing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Boxing</a> (8)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Canoeing_%28slalom%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Canoeing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Canoeing</a> (9)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Cycling</a> <ul><li>Road (2)</li> <li>Track (4)</li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/20px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/30px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/40px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Equestrian</a> <ul><li>Dressage (2)</li> <li>Eventing (2)</li> <li>Show jumping (2)</li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/20px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/30px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/40px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Fencing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Fencing</a> (7)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/20px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/30px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/40px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Field hockey</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pictogram.svg/20px-Football_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pictogram.svg/30px-Football_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Football_pictogram.svg/40px-Football_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Football</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/20px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/30px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/40px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a> (9)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Handball_pictogram.svg/20px-Handball_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Handball_pictogram.svg/30px-Handball_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Handball_pictogram.svg/40px-Handball_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Handball_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Handball at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Handball</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg/20px-Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg/30px-Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg/40px-Modern_pentathlon_pictogram_%28pre-2025%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Modern pentathlon at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Modern pentathlon</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Polo_pictogram.svg/20px-Polo_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Polo_pictogram.svg/30px-Polo_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Polo_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Polo</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/20px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/30px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/40px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Rowing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Rowing</a> (7)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/20px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/30px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Sailing</a> (4)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/20px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/30px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Shooting_pictogram.svg/40px-Shooting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Shooting</a> (3)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/20px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/30px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/40px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a> (5)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/20px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/30px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a> <ul><li>Freestyle (7)</li> <li>Greco-Roman (7)</li></ul></li></ul> </div> Basketball, canoeing, and <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a> made their debut at the Olympics. Handball did not appear again on the program until the next German summer Olympic games in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> in <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>. There were two <a href="/wiki/Demonstration_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration sports">demonstration sports</a>: <a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1936 Summer Olympics">baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gliding_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Gliding at the 1936 Summer Olympics">gliding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Summer_Demonstration-67">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Art competitions</a> for medals were also held, and medals were awarded at the closing ceremony for feats of <a href="/wiki/Alpinism_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Alpinism at the Olympic Games">alpinism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Aeronautics at the 1936 Summer Olympics">aeronautics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alpinism-68">[67]</a> Unofficial exhibition events included <a href="/wiki/Indian_sports_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Indian sports at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Indian sports</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wushu_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Wushu at the 1936 Summer Olympics">wushu</a><a href="#cite_note-Watta_2022-71">[70]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Rally">motor racing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_achievements">Notable achievements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable achievements">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympics_in_Berlin_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Olympics_in_Berlin_1936.jpg/250px-Olympics_in_Berlin_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Olympics_in_Berlin_1936.jpg/375px-Olympics_in_Berlin_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Olympics_in_Berlin_1936.jpg/500px-Olympics_in_Berlin_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Nude statues of female and male bodies, installed in the streets of Berlin on the occasion of the 1936 Summer Games</figcaption></figure> Germany had a successful year in <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Equestrian at the 1936 Summer Olympics">the equestrian events</a>, winning individual and team gold in all three disciplines, as well as individual silver in dressage. In the cycling match sprint finals, German <a href="/wiki/Toni_Merkens" title="Toni Merkens">Toni Merkens</a> fouled <a href="/wiki/Arie_van_Vliet" title="Arie van Vliet">Arie van Vliet</a> of the Netherlands. Instead of being disqualified, he was fined 100 ℛℳ and kept his gold. German gymnasts <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Frey" title="Konrad Frey">Konrad Frey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schwarzmann" title="Alfred Schwarzmann">Alfred Schwarzmann</a> both won three gold medals. American <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a> won four gold medals in the sprint and <a href="/wiki/Long_jump" title="Long jump">long jump</a> events. His German competitor <a href="/wiki/Luz_Long" title="Luz Long">Luz Long</a> offered Owens advice after he almost failed to qualify in the long jump. <a href="/wiki/Mack_Robinson_(athlete)" title="Mack Robinson (athlete)">Mack Robinson</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a>, won the 200-meter sprint silver medal behind Owens by 0.4 seconds. Although he did not win a medal, future American war hero <a href="/wiki/Louis_Zamperini" title="Louis Zamperini">Louis Zamperini</a>, lagging behind in the 5,000-meter final, made up ground by clocking a 56-second final lap. In one of the most dramatic <a href="/wiki/800_metres" title="800 metres">800-meter</a> races in history, American <a href="/wiki/John_Woodruff_(athlete)" title="John Woodruff (athlete)">John Woodruff</a> won gold after slowing to jogging speed in the middle of the final to free himself from being boxed in.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Morris" title="Glenn Morris">Glenn Edgar Morris</a>, a farm boy from Colorado, won gold in the decathlon. British <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">rower</a> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Beresford" title="Jack Beresford">Jack Beresford</a> won his fifth Olympic medal in the sport, and his third gold medal. The U.S. eight-man rowing team from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> won the gold medal, coming from behind to defeat the Germans and Italians with Hitler in attendance. 13-year-old American sensation <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Gestring" title="Marjorie Gestring">Marjorie Gestring</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Diving_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_3_metre_springboard" title="Diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard">women's 3 meter diving event</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_front.jpg/220px-WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_front.jpg/330px-WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_front.jpg/440px-WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Obverse</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_back.jpg/220px-WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_back.jpg/330px-WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_back.jpg/440px-WoodRuff_1936_Olympics_medal_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Reverse</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/John_Woodruff_(athlete)" title="John Woodruff (athlete)">John Woodruff</a>'s gold medal for winning the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_800_metres" title="Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres">800 metres</a>, on display at <a href="/wiki/Hillman_Library" title="Hillman Library">Hillman Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a>, U.S.</div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lovelock" title="Jack Lovelock">Jack Lovelock</a> of New Zealand won the 1500 m gold medal, coming through a strong field to win in the world record time of 3:47.8. In the <a href="/wiki/Marathon_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathon (sport)">marathon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean people">ethnic Koreans</a> <a href="/wiki/Sohn_Kee-chung" title="Sohn Kee-chung">Sohn Kee-chung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nam_Sung-yong" title="Nam Sung-yong">Nam Sung-yong</a> won one gold and one bronze medal; as Korea was annexed by Japan at the time, they were running for Japan. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> won the gold medal in the <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> event once again (they won the gold in all Olympics from 1928 to 1956), defeating Germany 8–1 in the final. Indians were considered <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryans">Indo-Aryans</a> by the German authorities and there was no controversy regarding the victory. <a href="/wiki/Rie_Mastenbroek" title="Rie Mastenbroek">Rie Mastenbroek</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> won three gold medals and a silver in swimming. <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonian</a> heavyweight <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestler</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristjan_Palusalu" title="Kristjan Palusalu">Kristjan Palusalu</a> won two gold medals, and he became the first and only wrestler in Olympic history ever to win both the Greco-Roman and freestyle heavyweight events. Berlin 1936 marked the last time <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia_at_the_Olympics" title="Estonia at the Olympics">competed</a> as an independent nation in the Olympics until 1992. After winning the middleweight class, the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian people">Egyptian</a> weightlifter <a href="/wiki/Khadr_El_Touni" class="mw-redirect" title="Khadr El Touni">Khadr El Touni</a> continued to compete for another 45 minutes, finally exceeding the total of the German silver medalist by 35 kg. The 20-year-old El Touni lifted a total of 387.5 kg, crushing two German world champions and breaking the then-Olympic and world records, while the German lifted 352.5 kg. Furthermore, El Touni had lifted 15 kg more than the light-heavyweight gold medalist, a feat only El Touni has accomplished. El Touni's new world records stood for 13 years. Fascinated by El Touni's performance, Adolf Hitler rushed down to greet this human miracle. Prior to the competition, Hitler was said to have been sure that <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ismayr" title="Rudolf Ismayr">Rudolf Ismayr</a> and Adolf Wagner would embarrass all other opponents. Hitler was so impressed by El Touni's domination in the middleweight class that he ordered a street named after him in Berlin's Olympic village.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Egyptian held the No. 1 position on the <a href="/wiki/International_Weightlifting_Federation" title="International Weightlifting Federation">IWF</a> list of history's 50 greatest weightlifters for 60 years, until the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> where <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Naim_S%C3%BCleymano%C4%9Flu" title="Naim Süleymanoğlu">Naim Süleymanoğlu</a> surpassed him to top the list. <a href="/wiki/Italy_national_football_team" title="Italy national football team">Italy's football team</a> continued their dominance under head coach <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Pozzo" title="Vittorio Pozzo">Vittorio Pozzo</a>, winning the gold medal in these Olympics between their two consecutive <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">World Cup</a> victories (<a href="/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1934 FIFA World Cup">1934</a> and <a href="/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1938 FIFA World Cup">1938</a>). Much like the successes of German athletes, this triumph was claimed by supporters of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s regime as a vindication of the superiority of the fascist system. Austria won the silver; a controversial win after Hitler called for a rematch of the quarterfinals match to discount <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>'s 4–2 win over <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Austria" title="Federal State of Austria">Austria</a>. The Peruvian national Olympic team refused to play the match again and withdrew from the games. In the quarter-finals of the <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> tournament, Peru beat Austria 4–2 in extra-time. Peru rallied from a two-goal deficit in the final 15 minutes of normal time. During extra-time, Peruvian fans allegedly ran onto the field and attacked an Austrian player. In the chaos, Peru scored twice and won, 4–2. However, Austria protested and the International Olympic Committee ordered a replay without any spectators. The Peruvian government refused and their entire Olympic squad left in protest as did Colombia.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> A remarkable story from the track and field competition was the gold medal won by the US women's 4 × 100 m relay team. The German team were the heavy favourites, but dropped the baton at one hand-off. Of notable interest on the US team was <a href="/wiki/Betty_Robinson" title="Betty Robinson">Betty Robinson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-anb.org-76">[75]</a> She was the first woman ever awarded an Olympic gold medal for track and field, winning the women's 100 m event at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.<a href="#cite_note-anb.org-76">[75]</a> In 1931, Robinson was involved in a plane crash, and was severely injured. Her body was discovered in the wreckage and it was wrongly thought that she was dead. She was placed in the trunk of a car and taken to an undertaker, where it was discovered that she was not dead, but in a coma. She awoke from the coma seven months later, although it was another six months before she could get out of a wheelchair, and two years before she could walk normally again.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Due to the length of her recovery, she had to miss participating in the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, in her home country. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participating_nations">Participating nations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Participating nations">edit</a>]</div> A total of 49 nations attended the Berlin Olympics, up from 37 in <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>. Five nations made their first official Olympic appearance at these Games: <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 572px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 570px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1936_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nations participating for the first time shown in blue."><img alt="Nations participating for the first time shown in blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1936_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png/855px-1936_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png" decoding="async" width="570" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/1936_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png/1284px-1936_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/1936_Summer_Olympic_games_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nations participating for the first time shown in blue.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 572px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 570px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1936_Summer_Olympics_numbers.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Number of attending athletes from respective participating countries."><img alt="Number of attending athletes from respective participating countries." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1936_Summer_Olympics_numbers.png/855px-1936_Summer_Olympics_numbers.png" decoding="async" width="570" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1936_Summer_Olympics_numbers.png/1284px-1936_Summer_Olympics_numbers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/1936_Summer_Olympics_numbers.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Number of attending athletes from respective participating countries.</div> </li> </ul> The nations that returned to the games were <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. The nations that participated in the previous games in Los Angeles in 1932 but were absent in Berlin in 1936 were <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. At the time, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> were dominions of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Both nations had not yet ratified the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a>. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> was also part of the British Empire, but was not dominions. And <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> was an <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Territory of the United States">unincorporated territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">commonwealth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Participating <a href="/wiki/Category:Nations_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Category:Nations at the 1936 Summer Olympics">National Olympic Committees</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Afghanistan at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Afghanistan</a> (14)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="504" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Argentina at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Argentina</a> (51)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Australia</a> (32)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Austria</a> (176)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Belgium at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Belgium</a> (120)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bermuda at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bermuda</a> (5)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bolivia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bolivia</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Brazil at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Brazil</a> (73)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a> (24)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg/22px-Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg/33px-Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg/44px-Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="621" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Canada at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Canada</a> (96)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Chile</a> (40)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Republic of China at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Republic of China</a> (54)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Colombia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Colombia</a> (5)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/22px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/33px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/44px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Costa Rica at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Costa Rica</a> (1)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a> (162)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a> (116)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Egypt at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Egypt</a> (54)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Estonia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Estonia</a> (33)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Finland</a> (107)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1936 Summer Olympics">France</a> (201)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Germany</a> (433) (host)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a> (207)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Greece</a> (40)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a> (209)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Iceland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Iceland</a> (12)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/India_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="India at the 1936 Summer Olympics">India</a> (27)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Italy</a> (182)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Japan at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Japan</a> (153)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Latvia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Latvia</a> (24)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Liechtenstein at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Liechtenstein</a> (6)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Luxembourg at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Luxembourg</a> (44)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Malta at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Malta</a> (11)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Mexico at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Mexico</a> (34)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Monaco at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Monaco</a> (6)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Netherlands</a> (128)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="New Zealand at the 1936 Summer Olympics">New Zealand</a> (7)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Norway at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Norway</a> (72)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Peru at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Peru</a> (40)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Philippines at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Philippines</a> (28)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Poland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Poland</a> (112)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Portugal at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Portugal</a> (19)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Romania at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Romania</a> (53)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="South Africa at the 1936 Summer Olympics">South Africa</a> (25)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a> (150)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a> (174)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Turkey at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Turkey</a> (48)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics">United States</a> (359)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Uruguay at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Uruguay</a> (37)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Yugoslavia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Yugoslavia</a> (93)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Haiti_%281859%E2%80%931964%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Haiti_%281859%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Haiti_%281859%E2%80%931964%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Haiti_%281859%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Haiti_%281859%E2%80%931964%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Haiti_%281859%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Haiti at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Haiti</a>, also took part in the Opening Ceremony, but its only athlete (a weightlifter) did not compete.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_athletes_by_National_Olympic_Committee">Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50">Ranking </th> <th width="250"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">NOC</a> </th> <th width="25">Athletes </th></tr> <tr style="background:#9acdff;"> <td align="center">1</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Germany</a></td> <td align="center">433 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics">United States</a></td> <td align="center">359 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></td> <td align="center">209 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a></td> <td align="center">207 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1936 Summer Olympics">France</a></td> <td align="center">201 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></td> <td align="center">182 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Austria</a></td> <td align="center">176 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">8</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a></td> <td align="center">174 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">9</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a></td> <td align="center">162 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">10</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Japan at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Japan</a></td> <td align="center">153 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">11</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></td> <td align="center">150 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">12</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Netherlands</a></td> <td align="center">128 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">13</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Belgium at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Belgium</a></td> <td align="center">120 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">14</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a></td> <td align="center">116 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">15</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Poland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Poland</a></td> <td align="center">112 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">16</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Finland</a></td> <td align="center">107 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">17</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg/22px-Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg/33px-Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg/44px-Canadian_Red_Ensign_1921-1957_%28with_disc%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="621" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Canada at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Canada</a></td> <td align="center">96 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">18</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Yugoslavia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Yugoslavia</a></td> <td align="center">93 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">19</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Brazil at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Brazil</a></td> <td align="center">73 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">20</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Norway at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Norway</a></td> <td align="center">72 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">21</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Republic of China at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Republic of China</a></td> <td align="center">54 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">22</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Egypt at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Egypt</a></td> <td align="center">54 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">23</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Romania at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Romania</a></td> <td align="center">53 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">24</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281861%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="504" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Argentina at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Argentina</a></td> <td align="center">51 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">25</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Turkey at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Turkey</a></td> <td align="center">48 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">26</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Luxembourg at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Luxembourg</a></td> <td align="center">44 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">27</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Chile</a></td> <td align="center">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">28</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Greece</a></td> <td align="center">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">29</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Peru_%281884%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Peru at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Peru</a></td> <td align="center">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">30</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Uruguay at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Uruguay</a></td> <td align="center">37 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">31</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Mexico at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Mexico</a></td> <td align="center">34 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">32</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Estonia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Estonia</a></td> <td align="center">33 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">33</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Australia</a></td> <td align="center">32 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">34</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281936%E2%80%931985%2C_1986%E2%80%931998%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Philippines at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Philippines</a></td> <td align="center">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">35</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/India_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="India at the 1936 Summer Olympics">India</a></td> <td align="center">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">36</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="South Africa at the 1936 Summer Olympics">South Africa</a></td> <td align="center">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">37</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a></td> <td align="center">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">38</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Latvia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Latvia</a></td> <td align="center">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">39</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Portugal at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Portugal</a></td> <td align="center">19 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">40</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Afghanistan at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Afghanistan</a></td> <td align="center">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">41</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland_%281918%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Iceland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Iceland</a></td> <td align="center">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">42</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta_%281923%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Malta at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Malta</a></td> <td align="center">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">43</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/44px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="New Zealand at the 1936 Summer Olympics">New Zealand</a></td> <td align="center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">44</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein_%281936_Summer_Olympics%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Liechtenstein at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Liechtenstein</a></td> <td align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">45</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Monaco at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Monaco</a></td> <td align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">46</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bermuda_%281910%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bermuda at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bermuda</a></td> <td align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">47</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Colombia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Colombia</a></td> <td align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">48</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bolivia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bolivia</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">49</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/22px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/33px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/44px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Costa Rica at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Costa Rica</a></td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr class="sort bottom" style="background:#fff;"> <td style="text-align:right; border:0;" colspan="2">Total</td> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; background:#fff;">3,943 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medal_count">Medal count</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medal count">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics_medal_table" title="1936 Summer Olympics medal table">1936 Summer Olympics medal table</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_1936_Summer_Olympics_medal_winners" title="List of 1936 Summer Olympics medal winners">List of 1936 Summer Olympics medal winners</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BASA-3K-15-385-4-Volmari_Iso-Hollo,_1936_Summer_Olympics.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BASA-3K-15-385-4-Volmari_Iso-Hollo%2C_1936_Summer_Olympics.jpeg/170px-BASA-3K-15-385-4-Volmari_Iso-Hollo%2C_1936_Summer_Olympics.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BASA-3K-15-385-4-Volmari_Iso-Hollo%2C_1936_Summer_Olympics.jpeg/255px-BASA-3K-15-385-4-Volmari_Iso-Hollo%2C_1936_Summer_Olympics.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BASA-3K-15-385-4-Volmari_Iso-Hollo%2C_1936_Summer_Olympics.jpeg/340px-BASA-3K-15-385-4-Volmari_Iso-Hollo%2C_1936_Summer_Olympics.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Volmari_Iso-Hollo" title="Volmari Iso-Hollo">Volmari Iso-Hollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3000_metres_steeplechase" title="Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase">3000 m steeplechase</a> gold medalist, 1936 Summer Olympics</figcaption></figure> The twelve nations that won the most medals at the 1936 Games.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  *   Host nation (<a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Germany</a>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi:not(.wikitable){background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>*,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable)>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style><table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter" style="text-align:center"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" style="color:inherit">Rank</th><th scope="col">Nation</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:gold;color:#333">Gold</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:silver;color:#333">Silver</th><th scope="col" class="headerSort" style="width:4em;background-color:#c96;color:#333">Bronze</th><th scope="col" style="width:4em">Total</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#ccccff;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Germany</a>*</th><td>38</td><td>31</td><td>32</td><td>101</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics">United States</a></th><td>24</td><td>21</td><td>12</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%3B_3-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></th><td>10</td><td>1</td><td>5</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></th><td>9</td><td>13</td><td>5</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Finland</a></th><td>8</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1936 Summer Olympics">France</a></th><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></th><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>10</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Japan at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Japan</a></th><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>10</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Netherlands</a></th><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>7</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Austria</a></th><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>5</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a></th><td>4</td><td>7</td><td>3</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><th scope="row" style="background-color:inherit;color:inherit;text-align:left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Civil_Ensign_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a></th><td>1</td><td>9</td><td>5</td><td>15</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold">Totals (12 entries)</th><th style="font-weight:bold">124</th><th style="font-weight:bold">114</th><th style="font-weight:bold">106</th><th style="font-weight:bold">344</th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> Hitler saw the Games as an opportunity to promote his government and ideals of racial supremacy. The official Nazi party paper, the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a>, wrote in the strongest terms that Jewish and black people should not be allowed to participate in the Games.<a href="#cite_note-Hitlerland._p._188-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-David_Clay_Large_p._58-4">[4]</a> However, when threatened with a boycott of the Games by other nations, he relented and allowed black and Jewish people to participate, and added one token participant to the German team—<a href="/wiki/Helene_Mayer" title="Helene Mayer">Helene Mayer</a>, a woman of Jewish descent. In an attempt to "clean up" the host city, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">German Ministry of the Interior</a> authorized the chief of police to arrest all <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> and keep them in a "special camp", the <a href="/wiki/Berlin-Marzahn_concentration_camp" title="Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp">Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_aspects">Political aspects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political aspects">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Games_in_Berlin!_-_John_Henry_Amshewitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Olympic_Games_in_Berlin%21_-_John_Henry_Amshewitz.jpg/220px-Olympic_Games_in_Berlin%21_-_John_Henry_Amshewitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Olympic_Games_in_Berlin%21_-_John_Henry_Amshewitz.jpg/330px-Olympic_Games_in_Berlin%21_-_John_Henry_Amshewitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/Olympic_Games_in_Berlin%21_-_John_Henry_Amshewitz.jpg/440px-Olympic_Games_in_Berlin%21_-_John_Henry_Amshewitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1187" /></a><figcaption>A 1935 political cartoon by Jewish British artist John Henry Amshewitz; Nazi sportsmen trample the Olympic spirit while marching past a concentration camp holding, among others, Jews and a "non-political sportsman". The axe of "Nazi justice" chops away at the tree of sport.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Olympic Committee">United States Olympic Committee</a> president <a href="/wiki/Avery_Brundage" title="Avery Brundage">Avery Brundage</a> became a main supporter of the Games being held in Germany, arguing that "politics has no place in sport", despite having initial doubts.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-83">[82]</a> French Olympians gave a <a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a> at the opening ceremony: known as the salut de Joinville per the battalion, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataillon_de_Joinville" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataillon de Joinville">Bataillon de Joinville</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic salute">Olympic salute</a> was part of the Olympic traditions since the 1924 games.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> However, due to the different context this action was mistaken by the crowd for a support to fascism, and the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic salute">Olympic salute</a> was discarded after 1946.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> attended only the opening ceremony, an interesting <a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">vexillological</a> fact was noticed: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" title="Flag of Haiti">its flag</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Flag of Liechtenstein">flag of Liechtenstein</a> were coincidentally identical, and this was not discovered until then. The following year, a crown was added to Liechtenstein's to distinguish one flag from the other.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marty_Glickman" title="Marty Glickman">Marty Glickman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Stoller" title="Sam Stoller">Sam Stoller</a> were originally slated to compete in the American 4x100 relay team but were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Metcalfe" title="Ralph Metcalfe">Ralph Metcalfe</a> prior to the start of the race. There were speculations that their Jewish heritage contributed to the decision "not to embarrass the German hosts"; however, given that African-Americans were also heavily disliked by the Nazis, Glickman and Stoller's replacement with black American athletes does not support this theory. Others said that they were in a better physical condition, and that was the main reason behind the replacement.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> In 1937, <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> released the film <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chan_at_the_Olympics" title="Charlie Chan at the Olympics">Charlie Chan at the Olympics</a>. The plot concerned members of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Berlin police force</a> helping the Chinese detective apprehends a group of spies (of unnamed nationality) trying to steal a new aerial guidance system. Despite pertaining to the Berlin Olympics, actual Games' footage used by the filmmakers was edited to remove any Nazi symbols.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> After the Olympics, Jewish participation in German sports was further limited, and persecution of Jews started to become ever more lethal. The Olympic Games provided a nine-month period of relative calmness.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Antisemitism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nazi_persecution_of_Jews_during_the_1936_Olympic_Games" title="Nazi persecution of Jews during the 1936 Olympic Games">Nazi persecution of Jews during the 1936 Olympic Games</a></div> The German Olympic committee, in accordance with Nazi directives, virtually barred Germans who were Jewish or <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> or had such an ancestry from participating in the Games (<a href="/wiki/Helene_Mayer" title="Helene Mayer">Helene Mayer</a>, who had one Jewish parent, was the only German Jew to compete at the Berlin Games). This decision meant exclusion for many of the country's top athletes such as <a href="/wiki/Shotputter" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotputter">shotputter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discus_thrower" class="mw-redirect" title="Discus thrower">discus thrower</a> <a href="/wiki/Lilli_Henoch" title="Lilli Henoch">Lilli Henoch</a>, who was a four-time world record holder and 10-time German national champion,<a href="#cite_note-google2-90">[89]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gretel_Bergmann" title="Gretel Bergmann">Gretel Bergmann</a> who was suspended from the German team just days after she set a record of 1.60 meters in the high jump.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Individual Jewish athletes from several countries chose to boycott the Berlin Olympics, including South African <a href="/wiki/Sid_Kiel" title="Sid Kiel">Sid Kiel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> and Americans <a href="/wiki/Milton_Green" title="Milton Green">Milton Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cahners" title="Norman Cahners">Norman Cahners</a>. In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Congress" title="American Jewish Congress">American Jewish Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labor_Committee" title="Jewish Labor Committee">Jewish Labor Committee</a> supported a boycott.<a href="#cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boycott_debate">Boycott debate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Boycott debate">edit</a>]</div> Prior to and during the Games, there was considerable debate outside Germany over whether the competition should be allowed or discontinued. Berlin had been selected by the IOC as the host city in 1931 during the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, but after <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Adolf Hitler's rise to power</a> in 1933, observers in many countries began to question the morality of going ahead with an Olympic Games hosted by the Nazi regime. A number of brief campaigns to boycott or relocate the Games emerged in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Republic_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Republic of France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="First Republic of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">[93]</a> Exiled German political opponents of Hitler's regime also campaigned against the Berlin Olympics through pro-Communist newspapers such as the <a href="/wiki/Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung" title="Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung">Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung</a>. The protests were ultimately unsuccessful; forty-nine teams from around the world participated in the 1936 Games, the largest number of participating nations of any Olympics to that point.<a href="#cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> Fencer <a href="/wiki/Albert_Wolff_(fencer)" title="Albert Wolff (fencer)">Albert Wolff</a> qualified for the French Olympic Team but boycotted the 1936 Summer Olympics, withdrawing from France's national team on principle because he was Jewish.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> He said: "I cannot participate in anything sponsored by Adolf Hitler, even for France."<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Olympiad" title="People's Olympiad">People's Olympiad</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish government</a> led by the newly elected left-wing <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Spain)" title="Popular Front (Spain)">Popular Front</a> boycotted the Games and organized the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Olympiad" title="People's Olympiad">People's Olympiad</a> as a parallel event in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. Some 6,000 athletes<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> from 49 countries registered.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] However, the People's Olympiad was aborted because of the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> just one day before the event was due to start.<a href="#cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Soviet Union">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> had not participated in international sporting events since the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a>. The Soviet government was not invited to the 1920 Games, with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> still raging, and they did not participate in the <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a> and forward on ideological grounds. Instead, through the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sport_International" title="Red Sport International">Red Sport International</a>, it had participated in a left-wing workers' alternative, the <a href="/wiki/Spartakiad" title="Spartakiad">Spartakiad</a>, since 1928. The USSR had intended to attend the People's Olympiad in Barcelona until it was cancelled; the Soviets did attend the Spartakiad-sponsored <a href="/wiki/1937_Workers%27_Summer_Olympiad" title="1937 Workers' Summer Olympiad">1937 Workers' Summer Olympiad</a> in Antwerp, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The Soviet Union started competing in the Olympics in <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> realized that they could use the event to fulfil their political and ideological agenda.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkey">Turkey</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Halet_%C3%87ambel" title="Halet Çambel">Halet Çambel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suat_A%C5%9Fani" title="Suat Aşani">Suat Fetgeri Așani</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Turkish_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish women">Turkish</a> and Muslim women<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> athletes to participate in the Olympics (fencing), refused an offer by their guide to be formally introduced to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, saying they would not shake hands with him due to his approach to Jews, as stated by Ms. Çambel in a Milliyet newspaper interview in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brundage_at_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Brundage_at_Berlin.jpg/170px-Brundage_at_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Brundage_at_Berlin.jpg/255px-Brundage_at_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Brundage_at_Berlin.jpg/340px-Brundage_at_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Avery Brundage meeting the mayor of Berlin <a href="/wiki/Julius_Lippert_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Lippert (politician)">Julius Lippert</a> and IOC German Secretary Theodor Lewald in 1936</figcaption></figure> Traditionally, the United States sent one of the largest teams to the Olympics, and there was a considerable debate over whether the nation should participate in the 1936 Games.<a href="#cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">[93]</a> Those involved in the debate on whether to boycott the Olympics included <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lee_Jahncke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Lee Jahncke">Ernest Lee Jahncke</a>, Judge <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_T._Mahoney" title="Jeremiah T. Mahoney">Jeremiah T. Mahoney</a>, and future <a href="/wiki/IOC_President" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC President">IOC President</a> <a href="/wiki/Avery_Brundage" title="Avery Brundage">Avery Brundage</a>. Some within the United States considered requesting a boycott of the Games, as to participate in the festivity might be considered a sign of support for the Nazi regime and its antisemitic policies. However, others such as Brundage (see below) argued that the Olympic Games should not reflect political views, but rather should be strictly a contest of the greatest athletes. Brundage, then of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Olympic Committee">United States Olympic Committee</a>, opposed the boycott, stating that Jewish athletes were being treated fairly and that the Games should continue. Brundage asserted that politics played no role in sports, and that they should never be entwined. Brundage also believed that there was a "Jewish-Communist conspiracy" that existed to keep the United States from competing in the Olympic Games.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-83">[82]</a> Somewhat ironically, Brundage would be later <a href="/wiki/Avery_Brundage#Soviet_Union" title="Avery Brundage">accused of being a Soviet dupe</a> for his controversial stance on the Soviet sports system that allowed them to circumvent the amateur rules.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> On the subject of Jewish discrimination, he stated, "The very foundation of the modern Olympic revival will be undermined if individual countries are allowed to restrict participation by reason of class, creed, or race."<a href="#cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">[93]</a> During a fact-finding trip that Brundage went on to Germany in 1934 to ascertain whether German Jews were being treated fairly, Brundage found no discrimination when he interviewed Jews and his Nazi handlers translated for him, and Brundage commiserated with his hosts that he belonged to a sports club in Chicago that did not allow Jews entry, either.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> Unlike Brundage, Mahoney supported a boycott of the Games. Mahoney, the president of the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union" title="Amateur Athletic Union">Amateur Athletic Union</a>, led newspaper editors and anti-Nazi groups to protest against American participation in the Berlin Olympics. He contested that racial discrimination was a violation of Olympic rules and that participation in the Games was tantamount to support for the Third Reich. Most African-American newspapers supported participation in the Olympics. The Philadelphia Tribune and the <a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Defender" title="The Chicago Defender">Chicago Defender</a> both agreed that black victories would undermine Nazi views of Aryan supremacy and spark renewed African-American pride. American Jewish organizations, meanwhile, largely opposed the Olympics. The <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Congress" title="American Jewish Congress">American Jewish Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labor_Committee" title="Jewish Labor Committee">Jewish Labor Committee</a> staged rallies and supported the boycott of German goods to show their disdain for American participation.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-83">[82]</a> The JLC organized the World Labor Athletic Carnival, held on 15 and 16 August at New York's Randall's Island, to protest the holding of the 1936 Olympics in Nazi Germany.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> Eventually, Brundage won the debate, convincing the Amateur Athletic Union to close a vote in favor of sending an American team to the Berlin Olympics. Mahoney's efforts to incite a boycott of the Olympic games in the United States failed. US President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> and his administration did not become involved in the debate, due to a tradition of allowing the US Olympic Committee to operate independently of government influence. However, several American diplomats including <a href="/wiki/William_E._Dodd" class="mw-redirect" title="William E. Dodd">William E. Dodd</a>, the American ambassador to Berlin, and <a href="/wiki/George_Messersmith" class="mw-redirect" title="George Messersmith">George Messersmith</a>, head of the US legation in Vienna, deplored the US Olympic Committee's decision to participate in the games.<a href="#cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_surviving_competitor">Last surviving competitor</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Last surviving competitor">edit</a>]</div> Upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Joan_Langdon" title="Joan Langdon">Joan Langdon</a> on 15 March 2022, <a href="/wiki/Iris_Cummings" title="Iris Cummings">Iris Cummings</a> became the last surviving competitor of the 1936 Summer Olympics.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Olympic Fire in Berlin"><img alt="The Olympic Fire in Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936.jpg/369px-Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936.jpg/554px-Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936.jpg/739px-Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Olympic Fire in Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Unter_den_Linden,_jobbra_a_Staatsbibliothek,_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Brandenburgi_kapu._Fortepan_17439.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Displaying German symbols and Nazi swastika"><img alt="Displaying German symbols and Nazi swastika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Unter_den_Linden%2C_jobbra_a_Staatsbibliothek%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Brandenburgi_kapu._Fortepan_17439.jpg/232px-Unter_den_Linden%2C_jobbra_a_Staatsbibliothek%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Brandenburgi_kapu._Fortepan_17439.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Unter_den_Linden%2C_jobbra_a_Staatsbibliothek%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Brandenburgi_kapu._Fortepan_17439.jpg/348px-Unter_den_Linden%2C_jobbra_a_Staatsbibliothek%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Brandenburgi_kapu._Fortepan_17439.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Unter_den_Linden%2C_jobbra_a_Staatsbibliothek%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Brandenburgi_kapu._Fortepan_17439.jpg/464px-Unter_den_Linden%2C_jobbra_a_Staatsbibliothek%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Brandenburgi_kapu._Fortepan_17439.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2658" data-file-height="2748" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Displaying German symbols and Nazi swastika</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Olimpiai_Stadion,_a_n%C5%91i_magasugr%C3%A1s_eredm%C3%A9nyhirdet%C3%A9se_(1._Cs%C3%A1k_Ibolya,_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g)._Fortepan_17417.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spectators giving the Nazi salute during one of the medal ceremonies as the medalists' flags fly above"><img alt="Spectators giving the Nazi salute during one of the medal ceremonies as the medalists' flags fly above" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_a_n%C5%91i_magasugr%C3%A1s_eredm%C3%A9nyhirdet%C3%A9se_%281._Cs%C3%A1k_Ibolya%2C_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%29._Fortepan_17417.jpg/255px-Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_a_n%C5%91i_magasugr%C3%A1s_eredm%C3%A9nyhirdet%C3%A9se_%281._Cs%C3%A1k_Ibolya%2C_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%29._Fortepan_17417.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_a_n%C5%91i_magasugr%C3%A1s_eredm%C3%A9nyhirdet%C3%A9se_%281._Cs%C3%A1k_Ibolya%2C_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%29._Fortepan_17417.jpg/382px-Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_a_n%C5%91i_magasugr%C3%A1s_eredm%C3%A9nyhirdet%C3%A9se_%281._Cs%C3%A1k_Ibolya%2C_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%29._Fortepan_17417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_a_n%C5%91i_magasugr%C3%A1s_eredm%C3%A9nyhirdet%C3%A9se_%281._Cs%C3%A1k_Ibolya%2C_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%29._Fortepan_17417.jpg/509px-Olimpiai_Stadion%2C_a_n%C5%91i_magasugr%C3%A1s_eredm%C3%A9nyhirdet%C3%A9se_%281._Cs%C3%A1k_Ibolya%2C_Magyarorsz%C3%A1g%29._Fortepan_17417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3064" data-file-height="2888" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spectators giving the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_salute" title="Nazi salute">Nazi salute</a> during one of the medal ceremonies as the medalists' flags fly above</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_bell_Berlin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic Bell"><img alt="Olympic Bell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Olympic_bell_Berlin.JPG/320px-Olympic_bell_Berlin.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Olympic_bell_Berlin.JPG/480px-Olympic_bell_Berlin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Olympic_bell_Berlin.JPG/640px-Olympic_bell_Berlin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Olympic Bell</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Results Table 1"><img alt="Results Table 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-1.JPG/320px-Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-1.JPG/480px-Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-1.JPG/640px-Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results Table 1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Results Table 2"><img alt="Results Table 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-2.JPG/320px-Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-2.JPG/480px-Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-2.JPG/640px-Tableau_R%C3%A9sultats_JO_1936-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results Table 2</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Olympic Games portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li>Olympic Games held in Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Winter Olympics</a> – Garmisch-Partenkirchen</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1936 Summer Olympics</a> – Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Summer Olympics</a> – Munich</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">List of IOC country codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_Decoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Games Decoration">Olympic Games Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_(2016_film)" title="Race (2016 film)">Race</a> (2016 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_in_the_Boat" title="The Boys in the Boat">The Boys in the Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_in_the_Boat_(film)" title="The Boys in the Boat (film)">The Boys in the Boat (film)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Weimar-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weimar_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weimar_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weimar_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weimar_11-3">d</a> <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> at the time of bidding; official name in 1871–1945: <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Reich">Deutsches Reich</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Opening_and_Cauldron-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Opening_and_Cauldron_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Opening_and_Cauldron_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">"Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad"</a> (PDF) (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 13 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814215458/https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+%E2%80%93+Opening+Ceremony+of+the+Games+of+the+Olympiad&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstillmed.olympic.org%2FDocuments%2FReference_documents_Factsheets%2FOpening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1">b</a> Rader, Benjamin G. "American Sports: From the Age of Folk Games to the Age of Televised Sports", 5th ed. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitlerland._p._188-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hitlerland._p._188_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hitlerland._p._188_3-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Nagorski" title="Andrew Nagorski">Nagorski, Andrew</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hitlerland:_American_Eyewitnesses_to_the_Nazi_Rise_to_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitlerland: American Eyewitnesses to the Nazi Rise to Power">Hitlerland: American Eyewitnesses to the Nazi Rise to Power</a>. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012, p. 188. </li> <li id="cite_note-David_Clay_Large_p._58-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-David_Clay_Large_p._58_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_Clay_Large_p._58_4-1">b</a> David Clay Large, Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005680">"The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936"</a>. Ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 7 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ushmm.org&rft.atitle=The+Nazi+Olympics+Berlin+1936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10005680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=jewish_athletes_more">"Jewish Athletes – Marty Glickman & Sam Stoller"</a>. Ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 7 October 2016. <q>A controversial move at the Games was the benching of two American Jewish runners, Marty Glickman and Sam Stoller. Both had trained for the 4x100-meter relay, but on the day before the event, they were replaced by Jesse Owens and Ralph Metcalfe, the team's two fastest sprinters. Various reasons were given for the change. The coaches claimed they needed their fastest runners to win the race. Glickman has said that Coach Dean Cromwell and Avery Brundage were motivated by antisemitism and the desire to spare the Führer the embarrassing sight of two American Jews on the winning podium. 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London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 471. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=25&cHash=b740d7b0c2">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 1937–45.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722102832/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=25&cHash=b740d7b0c2">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=27&cHash=4712ece396">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 1946–56.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722102855/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=27&cHash=4712ece396">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=28&cHash=699ec9d649">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 1957–88.</a> Accessed 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=30&cHash=d4b850d757">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 1989–97.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722102954/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=30&cHash=d4b850d757">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=29&cHash=6e5550c4d0">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 1998-9.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722103012/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=29&cHash=6e5550c4d0">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 7 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722103034/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=31&cHash=f65766959b">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 2000-4.</a> Accessed 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=33&cHash=6144c153ca">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 2004.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722103058/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=33&cHash=6144c153ca">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=34&cHash=7b3842deaa">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 2006.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722103116/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=34&cHash=7b3842deaa">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=37&cHash=8daf86256d">History Olympic Stadium Berlin: 2009.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722103136/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/en/stadium-visitor-centre/history.html?tx_cmhistoryapp_pi1%5Brecord%5D=37&cHash=8daf86256d">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 17 October 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v2sum.pdf">1936 Summer Olympics official report.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406153656/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v2sum.pdf">Archived</a> 6 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Volume 2. pp. 644–7, 682–5, 932–5. 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"Once the Olympics are through, we'll beat up the Jew" German Jewish Sport 1898–1938 and the Anti-Semitic Discourse, in: Journal of Sport History, 1999 Vol. 26 No. 2 p. 353-375. www.library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JSH/JSH1999/JSH2602/jsh2602g.pdf </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-90"><a href="#cite_ref-google2_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Taylor2004" class="citation book cs1">Paul Taylor (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t0KzECrIQDQC&q=henoch&pg=PA107">Jews and the Olympic Games: the clash between sport and politics: with a complete review of Jewish Olympic medalists</a>. Sussex Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903900-88-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-903900-88-3"><bdi>1-903900-88-3</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 19 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=German+film+helps+Jewish+athlete+right+historical+wrong&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft.au=Hipsh%2C+Rami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fsports%2Fgerman-film-helps-jewish-athlete-right-historical-wrong-1.3472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandomir2004" class="citation news cs1">Sandomir, Richard (7 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/07/sports/tv-sports-hitler-s-pawn-on-hbo-an-olympic-betrayal.html">"'Hitler's Pawn' on HBO: An Olympic Betrayal"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 4 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Hitler%27s+Pawn%27+on+HBO%3A+An+Olympic+Betrayal&rft.date=2004-07-07&rft.aulast=Sandomir&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F07%2F07%2Fsports%2Ftv-sports-hitler-s-pawn-on-hbo-an-olympic-betrayal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/45860.html">Players / South Africa / Sid Kiel</a> – ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 2 May 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-USHMM_boycott-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_boycott_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_boycott_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_boycott_94-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_boycott_94-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_boycott_94-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_boycott_94-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_boycott_94-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095138/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007087">"The Movement to Boycott the Berlin Olympics of 1936"</a>. Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007087">the original</a> on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Movement+to+Boycott+the+Berlin+Olympics+of+1936&rft.btitle=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10007087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> David Clay Large. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nazigamesolympic00larg/page/107">Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19481029-01.1.12">29 October 1948</a> Jewish Post. </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGounot2015" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gounot, André (24 February 2015), Caritey, Benoît; Jallat, Denis (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/pur/6529">"L'Olympiade populaire de Barcelone 1936 : entre nationalisme catalan, « esprit olympique » et internationalisme prolétarien"</a>, Les politiques au stade : Étude comparée des manifestations sportives du xixe au xxie siècle, Histoire (in French), Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, pp. 125–143, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7535-3002-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7535-3002-7"><bdi>978-2-7535-3002-7</bdi></a>, retrieved 18 February 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+politiques+au+stade+%3A+%C3%89tude+compar%C3%A9e+des+manifestations+sportives+du+xixe+au+xxie+si%C3%A8cle&rft.atitle=L%27Olympiade+populaire+de+Barcelone+1936+%3A+entre+nationalisme+catalan%2C+%C2%AB+esprit+olympique+%C2%BB+et+internationalisme+prol%C3%A9tarien&rft.pages=125-143&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft.isbn=978-2-7535-3002-7&rft.aulast=Gounot&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fpur%2F6529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Richard D. Mandell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CYYYeTT5mEC&q=Soviet+Union+1936+olympics%22&pg=PA68">The Nazi Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-01325-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-01325-5">0-252-01325-5</a>; p. 68 </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/russia-and-its-empires/guy-mcfall/">"The Soviet Union and the Olympics | Guided History"</a>. Blogs.bu.edu. Retrieved 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blogs.bu.edu&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Union+and+the+Olympics+%26%23124%3B+Guided+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bu.edu%2Fguidedhistory%2Frussia-and-its-empires%2Fguy-mcfall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSattar" class="citation news cs1">Sattar, Marium. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2012/May-30/175062-new-fields-to-conquer-for-muslim-sportswomen.ashx#axzz1yNZA9Jxe">"New fields to conquer for Muslim sportswomen"</a>. The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=New+fields+to+conquer+for+Muslim+sportswomen&rft.aulast=Sattar&rft.aufirst=Marium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FOpinion%2FCommentary%2F2012%2FMay-30%2F175062-new-fields-to-conquer-for-muslim-sportswomen.ashx%23axzz1yNZA9Jxe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2000/08/30/spor/spo00.html">"GÜLE GÜLE TORUNUM"</a> [Goodbye grandson] (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G%C3%9CLE+G%C3%9CLE+TORUNUM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2000%2F08%2F30%2Fspor%2Fspo00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80-00810A005800260002-1.pdf">"Central Intelligence Agency Information Report : Soviet Sports as an Instrument of Political Propaganda"</a> (PDF). Cia.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80-00810A005800260002-1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cia.gov&rft.atitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency+Information+Report+%3A+Soviet+Sports+as+an+Instrument+of+Political+Propaganda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FCIA-RDP80-00810A005800260002-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80-00810A005600130009-0.pdf">"Central Intelligence Agency Information Report : Soviet Sports and Intelligence Activities"</a> (PDF). Cia.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80-00810A005600130009-0.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cia.gov&rft.atitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency+Information+Report+%3A+Soviet+Sports+and+Intelligence+Activities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FCIA-RDP80-00810A005600130009-0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Nagorski" title="Andrew Nagorski">Nagorski, Andrew</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hitlerland:_American_Eyewitnesses_to_the_Nazi_Rise_to_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitlerland: American Eyewitnesses to the Nazi Rise to Power">Hitlerland: American Eyewitnesses to the Nazi Rise to Power</a>. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012, p. 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishlaborcommittee.org/2016/08/august_1516_1936_antinazi_worl.html">"Jewish Labor Committee: 1936: Anti-Nazi World Labor Athletic Carnival Held in NYC"</a>. Jewishlaborcommittee.org. Retrieved 8 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewishlaborcommittee.org&rft.atitle=Jewish+Labor+Committee%3A+1936%3A+Anti-Nazi+World+Labor+Athletic+Carnival+Held+in+NYC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishlaborcommittee.org%2F2016%2F08%2Faugust_1516_1936_antinazi_worl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swimswam.com/wr-setting-swimmer-joan-mclagan-penultimate-surviving-pre-war-olympian-dies/">"WR-SETTING SWIMMER JOAN MCLAGAN, PENULTIMATE SURVIVING PRE-WAR OLYMPIAN, DIES"</a>. swimswam.com. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=swimswam.com&rft.atitle=WR-SETTING+SWIMMER+JOAN+MCLAGAN%2C+PENULTIMATE+SURVIVING+PRE-WAR+OLYMPIAN%2C+DIES&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswimswam.com%2Fwr-setting-swimmer-joan-mclagan-penultimate-surviving-pre-war-olympian-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Barry, James P. The Berlin Olympics. World Focus Books.</li> <li>Grix, Jonathan, and Barrie Houlihan. "Sports mega-events as part of a nation's soft power strategy: The cases of Germany (2006) and the UK (2012)." British journal of politics and international relations 16.4 (2014): 572–596. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/621304/3/2014BJPIR.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306194959/https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/621304/3/2014BJPIR.pdf">Archived</a> 6 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Hilton, Christopher. Hitler's Olympics: The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. (2006)</li> <li>Krüger, Arnd. The Nazi Olympics of 1936, in Kevin Young and Kevin B. Wamsley (eds.), Global Olympics: Historical and Sociological Studies of the Modern Games. Oxford: Elsevier 2005; pp. 43–58.</li> <li>Krüger, Arnd, and William Murray (eds.), The Nazi Olympics: Sport, Politics, and Appeasement in the 1930s. (Univ. of Illinois Press 2003).</li> <li>Lehrer, Steven. Hitler Sites: A City-by-city Guidebook (Austria, Germany, France, United States). McFarland, 2002.</li> <li>Large, David Clay. Nazi games: the Olympics of 1936 (WW Norton & Company, 2007).</li> <li>Mandell, Richard D. The Nazi Olympics (University of Illinois Press, 1971).</li> <li>Rippon, Anton. Hitler's Games: The 1936 Olympics. (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Hitlers-Olympics-Story-1936-Games/dp/1848848684/">excerpt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Socolow" title="Michael J. Socolow">Socolow, Michael J.</a> Six Minutes in Berlin: Broadcast Spectacle and Rowing Gold at the Nazi Olympics. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2016.</li> <li>Walters, Guy, Berlin Games – How Hitler Stole the Olympic Dream. (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Berlin-Games-Nazis-Stole-Olympic/dp/0060874120/">excerpt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1936_Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/berlin-1936">"Berlin 1936"</a>. Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympics.com&rft.atitle=Berlin+1936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fberlin-1936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1936+Summer+Olympics" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v1sum.pdf">Complete official IOC report. Part I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625173406/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v1sum.pdf">Archived</a> 25 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406153656/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1936/1936v2sum.pdf">Complete official IOC report. Part II</a></li> <li>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208145757/http://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/online-features/online-exhibitions/nazi-olympics-berlin-1936">Online Exhibition: Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936</a></li> <li>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/research/library/bibliography/?lang=en&content=1936_olympics">Library Bibliography: 1936 Olympics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/olympics.html">Virtual Library: the NAZI Olympics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/nazi/olymp/index.html">Die XI. Olympischen Sommerspiele in Berlin 1936</a> at Lebendiges Museum Online. In German</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/Olympicsan">1936 Olympics and the Struggle for Influence on C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feldgrau.com/olympic-games-berlin-germany-1936/">The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbsinternational.org/programs/the-nazi-games-berin-1936/">Nazi Games</a> at PBS International</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">Los Angeles</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> XI Olympiad <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> 1936 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">Tokyo/Helsinki</a> cancelled due to World War II</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_Games" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_Games" title="Template:Olympic Games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Games" title="Template talk:Olympic Games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Olympic sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympism" title="Olympism">Olympism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Charter" title="Olympic Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Congress" title="Olympic Congress">Olympic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings" title="List of IOC meetings">IOC meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International sports federations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Medals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal_table" title="Olympic medal table">Medal table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Olympic Games medal table">All-time medal table</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-time_Youth_Olympic_Games_medal_table" title="All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_teams_by_medals_won" title="List of Olympic teams by medals won">Medal table leaders by Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Olympic medalists">Medalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Youth_Olympic_medalists" title="Lists of Youth Olympic medalists">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ties_for_medals_at_the_Olympics" title="List of ties for medals at the Olympics">Medal ties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incentives_for_Olympic_medalists_by_country" title="Incentives for Olympic medalists by country">Incentives by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stripped_Olympic_medals" title="List of stripped Olympic medals">Stripped medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_diploma" title="Olympic diploma">Olympic diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_wreath" title="Olive wreath">Olive wreath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Summer_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games">Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participating_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympic_Games" title="List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_nations_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Tropical nations at the Winter Olympics">tropical nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_country_codes" title="List of IOC country codes">country codes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">Host cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for Olympic Games">Bids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Bids for the Youth Olympic Games">youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues" title="List of Olympic venues">Venues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Youth_Olympic_venues" title="List of Youth Olympic venues">youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games_ceremony" title="Olympic Games ceremony">Ceremonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Mass" title="Olympic Mass">Olympic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_opened_the_Olympic_Games" title="List of people who have opened the Olympic Games">People who opened the Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_torch_relays" title="List of Olympic torch relays">Torch relays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_torchbearers_who_have_lit_the_Olympic_cauldron" title="List of torchbearers who have lit the Olympic cauldron">lighters of the Olympic cauldron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_kept_the_Olympic_flag" title="List of people who have kept the Olympic flag">Keepers of the Olympic flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympics_on_television" title="Olympics on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Broadcasting_Services" title="Olympic Broadcasting Services">Olympic Broadcasting Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel" title="Olympic Channel">Olympic Channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Channel_(American_TV_channel)" title="Olympic Channel (American TV channel)">American</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_coverage_of_the_Olympics" title="Social media coverage of the Olympics">Social media</a></li> <li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Summer Olympic documentary films">summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Winter_Olympic_documentary_films" title="List of Winter Olympic documentary films">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_video_games" title="List of Olympic video games">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_symbols" title="Olympic symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Oath" title="Olympic Oath">Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_songs_and_anthems" title="List of Olympic songs and anthems">Songs and anthems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Hymn" title="Olympic Hymn">Hymn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_emblem" title="Olympic emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_poster" title="Olympic poster">Poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_mascots" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li>Coins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_coins" title="Summer Olympic coins">summer (pre-2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Coins_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="Summer Olympic Coins (2000–present)">summer (2000-present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_coins" title="Winter Olympic coins">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin_Medal" title="Pierre de Coubertin Medal">Pierre de Coubertin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Cup" title="Olympic Cup">Olympic Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Diploma_of_Merit" title="Olympic Diploma of Merit">Olympic Diploma of Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Laurel" title="Olympic Laurel">Olympic Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Order" title="Olympic Order">Olympic Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the Summer Olympics">Art competitions at the Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_medalists_in_art_competitions" title="List of Olympic medalists in art competitions">medalists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals,_controversies_and_incidents" title="List of Olympic Games scandals, controversies and incidents">Scandals and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Olympic_Games" title="Antisemitism in the Olympic Games">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism_and_the_Olympic_Games" title="Colonialism and the Olympic Games">colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Doping at the Olympic Games">doping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_and_Paralympic_deaths" title="Olympic and Paralympic deaths">Deaths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">WWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_II" title="List of Olympians killed in World War II">WWII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_of_women_in_the_Olympics" title="Participation of women in the Olympics">Participation of women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a></li> <li>Continental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Games" title="European Games">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Esports_Series" title="Olympic Esports Series">Olympic Esports Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaflympics" title="Deaflympics">Deaflympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Intercalated Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Olympic Games</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Summer_Olympics" title="1916 Summer Olympics">1916 Berlin</a><a href="#cite_note-WW1-107">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1936 Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics" title="1940 Summer Olympics">1940 Tokyo</a><a href="#cite_note-WW2-108">[b]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics">1944 London</a><a href="#cite_note-WW2-108">[b]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Tokyo</a><a href="#cite_note-COVID2021-109">[c]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2036 Summer Olympics">2036 TBD</a></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympic rings"><img alt="Olympic rings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/110px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/165px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/220px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Chamonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics">1940 Sapporo</a><a href="#cite_note-WW2-108">[b]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics">1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo</a><a href="#cite_note-WW2-108">[b]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 St. Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960 Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Lake Placid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Albertville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014 Sochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 PyeongChang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Milano Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics">2030 French Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics">2034 Salt Lake City–Utah</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div id="Youth_Olympic_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Summer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2010 Summer Youth Olympics">2010 Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014 Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018 Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">2026 Dakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Summer Youth Olympics">2030</a></li></ul> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Youth Olympic Games logo"><img alt="Youth Olympic Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/110px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/165px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg/220px-Youth_Olympic_Games_Logo_Third_Version.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="296" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDEBFF;width:6em">Winter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012 Innsbruck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2016 Winter Youth Olympics">2016 Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2020 Winter Youth Olympics">2020 Lausanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2024 Winter Youth Olympics">2024 Gangwon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2028 Winter Youth Olympics">2028</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WW1-107"><a href="#cite_ref-WW1_107-0">^</a> Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW2-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_108-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW2_108-3">d</a> Cancelled due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-COVID2021-109"><a href="#cite_ref-COVID2021_109-0">^</a> Postponed to 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Category:Summer Olympic Games">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Summer_Olympics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Summer Olympics">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_National_Olympic_Committees_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics_in_Berlin,_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nations_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Nations at the 1936 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nations_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Template talk:Nations at the 1936 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nations_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nations at the 1936 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_National_Olympic_Committees_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics_in_Berlin,_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a> <a href="/wiki/National_Olympic_Committee" title="National Olympic Committee">National Olympic Committees</a> at the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1936 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Afghanistan at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Argentina at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Australia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Austria at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Belgium at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bermuda at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bolivia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Brazil at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Bulgaria at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Canada at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Chile at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Republic of China at the 1936 Summer Olympics">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Colombia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Costa Rica at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Czechoslovakia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Denmark at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Egypt at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Estonia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Finland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="France at the 1936 Summer Olympics">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Greece at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Haiti at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Hungary at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Iceland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="India at the 1936 Summer Olympics">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Italy at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Japan at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Latvia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Liechtenstein at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Luxembourg at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Malta at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Mexico at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Monaco at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Netherlands at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="New Zealand at the 1936 Summer Olympics">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Norway at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Peru at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Philippines at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Poland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Portugal at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Romania at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="South Africa at the 1936 Summer Olympics">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sweden at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Switzerland at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Turkey at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Uruguay at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Yugoslavia at the 1936 Summer Olympics">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics_in_Berlin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Events at the 1936 Summer Olympics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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