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dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="個人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="使用者選單" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hant"><span>資助維基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-hant" title="我們會鼓勵您建立一個帳號並且登入，即使這不是必要的動作。"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>建立帳號</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-hant" title="建議您先登入，但並非必要。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登入</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="了解更多有關編輯"><span>了解更多</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="由此 IP 位址編輯的清單[y]" accesskey="y"><span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有關來自此 IP 位址編輯的討論[n]" accesskey="n"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>分類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換分類子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>人稱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-一、二人称和第三人称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一、二人称和第三人称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>一、二人稱和第三人稱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一、二人称和第三人称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关范畴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关范畴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>相關範疇</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相关范畴-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換相關範疇子章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相关范畴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-数" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-回指" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#回指"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>回指</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-回指-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旁指" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旁指"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>旁指</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旁指-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-尊称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尊称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>尊稱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尊称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人称代词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人称代词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>人稱代詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人称代词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-一致关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一致关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>一致關係</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一致关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">人稱</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 49 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoon_(taalkunde)" title="Persoon (taalkunde) – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Persoon (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_gramatical" title="Persona gramatical – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Persona gramatical" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Лице (граматика) – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лице (граматика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gour_(yezhoniezh)" title="Gour (yezhoniezh) – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gour (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_(gram%C3%A0tica)" title="Persona (gramàtica) – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Persona (gramàtica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osoba_(mluvnice)" title="Osoba (mluvnice) – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osoba (mluvnice)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Сăпат (лингвистика) – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăпат (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_(Grammatik)" title="Person (Grammatik) – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Person (Grammatik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grammatical person" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika_persono" title="Gramatika persono – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramatika persono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_gramatical" title="Persona gramatical – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Persona gramatical" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isik_(keeleteadus)" title="Isik (keeleteadus) – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Isik (keeleteadus)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertsona_gramatikal" title="Pertsona gramatikal – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pertsona gramatikal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5_(%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="شخص (دستور زبان) – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شخص (دستور زبان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoona_(kielioppi)" title="Persoona (kielioppi) – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Persoona (kielioppi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personne_(grammaire)" title="Personne (grammaire) – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Personne (grammaire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoa_gramatical" title="Persoa gramatical – 加利西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Persoa gramatical" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A3_(%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="גוף (בלשנות) – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוף (בלשנות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8s%C3%B2n_(gram%C3%A8)" title="Pèsòn (gramè) – 海地文" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pèsòn (gramè)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szem%C3%A9ly_(nyelv%C3%A9szet)" title="Személy (nyelvészet) – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Személy (nyelvészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D6%84_(%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Դեմք (քերականություն) – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեմք (քերականություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pers%C3%B3na_(m%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Persóna (málfræði) – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Persóna (málfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_(linguistica)" title="Persona (linguistica) – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Persona (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" title="人称 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人称" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90)" title="პირი (გრამატიკა) – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პირი (გრამატიკა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Жақ (лингвистика) – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жақ (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%B9%AD" title="인칭 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인칭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmuo_(gramatika)" title="Asmuo (gramatika) – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Asmuo (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darb%C4%ABbas_v%C4%81rda_persona" title="Darbības vārda persona – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Darbības vārda persona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoon_(taalkunde)" title="Persoon (taalkunde) – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Persoon (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person" title="Person – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Person" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_(grammatikk)" title="Person (grammatikk) – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Person (grammatikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_(gramatica)" title="Persona (gramatica) – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Persona (gramatica)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osoba_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Osoba (językoznawstwo) – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osoba (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessoa_gramatical" title="Pessoa gramatical – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pessoa gramatical" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoan%C4%83_(gramatic%C4%83)" title="Persoană (gramatică) – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Persoană (gramatică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BE_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Лицо (лингвистика) – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лицо (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ – 桑塔利文" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grammatical person" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osoba_(gramatick%C3%A1_kateg%C3%B3ria)" title="Osoba (gramatická kategória) – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Osoba (gramatická kategória)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovni%C4%8Dna_oseba" title="Slovnična oseba – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slovnična oseba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veta_gramatikore" title="Veta gramatikore – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Veta gramatikore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_(grammatik)" title="Person (grammatik) – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Person (grammatik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9_(%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="บุรุษ (ภาษาศาสตร์) – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บุรุษ (ภาษาศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilbilgisel_ki%C5%9Fi" title="Dilbilgisel kişi – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dilbilgisel kişi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Особа (мовознавство) – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Особа (мовознавство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaxs_(tilshunoslik)" title="Shaxs (tilshunoslik) – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shaxs (tilshunoslik)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djin_(croejhete)" title="Djin (croejhete) – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djin (croejhete)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1" title="人稱 – 粵語" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人稱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粵語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q690940#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="編輯跨語言連結" class="wbc-editpage">編輯連結</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" title="瀏覽條目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>條目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" rel="discussion" title="有關頁面內容的討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="變更語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">繁體</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="selected ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="視圖"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0"><span>閱讀</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編輯</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=history" title="此頁面先前的修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>檢視歷史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多選項" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0"><span>閱讀</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>編輯</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=history"><span>檢視歷史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 一般 </div> <div 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載為PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="此頁面的可列印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>可列印版</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 其他專案 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q690940" title="連結至已連接的資料儲存庫項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外觀"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外觀</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">維基百科，自由的百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0.4em 0.8em; background:#ccf;">常見<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4" title="語法範疇">語法範疇</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em"> 形態句法範疇</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size: 120%; padding-top: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="性 (語法)">性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="數 (語法)">數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (語法)">格</a>、<a class="mw-selflink selflink">人稱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E6%80%A7" title="及物性">及物性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B7" title="配價">配價</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E5%85%83" title="論元">論元</a>）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em"> 形態語義範疇</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size: 120%; padding-top: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="時態">時</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="體 (語法)">體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81" title="語態">態</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94" title="語氣">語氣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="級 (語法)">級</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="极性 (语法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Affirmation and negation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極性 (語法)（頁面不存在）">極性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation" class="extiw" title="en:Affirmation and negation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Affirmation and negation</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%94%9F%E6%80%A7" title="有生性">有生性</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有标性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Markedness"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A0%87%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有標性（頁面不存在）">有標性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markedness" class="extiw" title="en:Markedness"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Markedness</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%8C%87%E6%80%A7" title="定指性">定指性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="證據性 (語言學)">言據性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%95%8C%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="有界性 (語法)">有界性</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%AF%84%E7%96%87" title="Template:語法範疇"><abbr title="檢視該模板">閱</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%AF%84%E7%96%87" title="Template talk:語法範疇"><abbr title="討論該模板">論</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%AF%84%E7%96%87" title="Special:編輯頁面/Template:語法範疇"><abbr title="編輯該模板">編</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>人稱</b>是與<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="語言">語言</a>中的行為動作相關的話語角色。「媽媽餵寶寶吃飯」和「我餵你吃飯」，意思可能相同，但前者是用有詞彙意義的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a>來表示與「餵」相關的人的具體身份，後者才是用功能性的形式來表示話語角色這一抽象概念。話語角色的確定取決於具體的交際事件，因此人稱是句子進入交際的重要標誌之一<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>人稱範疇的表達可以通過獨立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="代詞">代詞</a>或不獨立的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%84%E7%BC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="附綴（頁面不存在）">附綴</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="屈折形式（頁面不存在）">屈折形式</a>等來表達。狹義的人稱範疇就指動詞的屈折變化所表示的諸類人稱意義。一般來說，獨立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="人稱代詞">人稱代詞</a>比不獨立的形式區分的意義更多。如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英語">英語</a>中，人稱代詞區分<i>I/you/he/she/it/we/they</i>等，還有格的變化；在be動詞裡，就只區分<i>am/are/is</i>；在現在時單數的動詞後，只有第三人稱加<i>-s</i>，也不區分<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="性 (語法)">性</a>。 </p><p>在某些特定情況下，如在表示與「性<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="數 (語法)">數</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="格 (語法)">格</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="時態">時</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="體 (語法)">體</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81" title="語態">態</a>」等形態語法範疇並列時，人稱可以省稱為「<b>身</b>」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分类"><span id=".E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節：分類"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人称"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.A7.B0"></span>人稱</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節：人稱"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般來說，表示說話方的稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1" title="第一人稱">第一人稱</a>，表示聽話方的是<b>第二人稱</b>，表示說話方和聽話方之外的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第三人稱">第三人稱</a>。 </p><p>有些語言學家認為只存在兩種人稱：只有第一人稱和第二人稱是表示在場者的，而表示不在場者的第三人稱嚴格來說不屬人稱範疇。但這種觀點並未得到大多數語言學家的支持。 </p><p>有些語言學家認為存在「<b>第四人稱</b>」。但在不同的研究者的筆下，「第四人稱」一詞的所指並不統一。相對常見的是用來表示和本指（proximate）相對的旁指（obviavite），有時也用於話語代詞（logophoric）或反身代詞。總的來說，大部分語言學家不認為存在可以和前三人稱同屬同一聚合的第四人稱。 </p><p>根據目前的資料，世界上幾乎所有的語言中都區分三類人稱。安娜·謝維爾斯卡曾提到，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" title="馬都拉語">馬都拉語</a>（屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="南島語系">南島語系</a>）中，只有兩個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="人稱代詞">人稱代詞</a>，分別是表示第一人稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC" title="主格">主格</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E6%A0%BC" title="賓格">賓格</a>的<i>sengkop</i>和表示第一人稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="所有格">所有格</a>的<i>tang</i>，指代二、三人稱時則使用具有詞彙意義的名詞<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；在Barai語（屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="巴布亞諸語言">巴布亞諸語言</a>）中，表示時和人稱的動詞後綴並不區分第二人稱和第三人稱（不管單數還是複數）<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但謝維爾斯卡沒有提及馬都拉語中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E7%BC%80" class="mw-redirect" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>是否能區分二、三人稱、用於指代的名詞是否有<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%96" title="語法化">語法化</a>的趨勢，Barai語的人稱代詞系統中是否也不分二、三人稱，因此還不能認為這兩種語言中只有兩種人稱<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="一、二人称和第三人称"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E3.80.81.E4.BA.8C.E4.BA.BA.E7.A7.B0.E5.92.8C.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E4.BA.BA.E7.A7.B0"></span>一、二人稱和第三人稱</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節：一、二人稱和第三人稱"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一、二人稱和第三人稱的對立也可以視為一種普遍的語言現象。因為一、二人稱是現場指，與第三人稱不同。一、二人稱的詞形、句法特徵等往往類似，而與第三人稱不同。如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a>中，第一人稱的<i>吾</i>、<i>我</i>、<i>卬</i>和第二人稱的<i>汝</i>、<i>爾</i>、<i>若</i>都是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (輔音)">鼻音</a>聲母，韻部也相近；而第三人稱的其、之等聲韻與之並無關係，且都是從一般的指示代詞轉化而來，都不能作為主語出現。很多語言中可能經歷了一個只有第一、二人稱形式的階段，第三人稱形式則較遲出現<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关范畴"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E8.8C.83.E7.95.B4"></span>相關範疇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯章節：相關範疇"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="数"><span id=".E6.95.B0"></span>數</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯章節：數"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人稱範疇往往和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="數 (語法)">數範疇</a>相關。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="約瑟夫·格林伯格">約瑟夫·格林伯格</a>認為，人稱範疇存在數的區別是一種語言共性<sup id="cite_ref-G_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但也有後來的研究發現不存在人稱的單複數區別的語言，如Mura Pirahã語（見於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="亞馬遜河">亞馬遜河</a>流域）中，獨立代詞和動詞附綴都不區別三身的單複數。上古漢語中，<i>我</i>、<i>吾</i>、<i>爾</i>、<i>汝</i>都可以兼表單數和複數<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但這類語言很少見。就絕大多數語言而言，弱化代詞不區分數、獨立代詞有數的對立是最為常見的<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>人稱的複數不是簡單的和單數對應。第一人稱複數可以有三種理解：說話人和聽話人（1+2，最小包括式，minimal inclusive），說話人、聽話人和第三方（1+2+3，強化包括式，augmented inclusive），說話人和第三方（1+3，排除式，exclusive）<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同樣的，第二人稱複數可以有兩種理解，多個聽話人（2+2），聽話人和第三方（2+3）。第三人稱複數只有一種理解（3+3）。約有1/2弱的語言可以區分第一人稱的包括式（1+2（+3））和排除式（1+3）。如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="漢語">漢語</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="北方方言">北方方言</a>中的<i>我們</i>（排除式）和<i>咱們</i>（包括式）。但區別最小包括式（1+2）和強化包括式（1+2+3）、或區別兩種第二人稱複數的語言所占比例就較小。 </p><p>一些語言的數範疇還區分雙數、三數、少量數等。在第一人稱雙數中，包括式-排除式的對立比在複數中更加明顯，因此在這些語言中的人稱系統中，往往也都區分第一人稱的包括式和排除式。 </p><p>總體來看，數範疇在人稱系統中的表現受人稱等級序列影響，第一人稱>第二人稱>第三人稱。單複數的對立在第一人稱中最為常見，第三人稱最少見；第一人稱複數的內部區別（包括式-排除式）最多，第三人稱最少。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="性"><span id=".E6.80.A7"></span>性</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯章節：性"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人稱範疇也常常和<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="性 (語法)">性範疇</a>相關聯。在第三人稱中區分性範疇最為多見，如英文中第三人稱有he（他）、she（她）、it（它）之分，而第一、二人稱沒有。這是因為第一、二人稱的所指都是在場的，其性是不言自明的；而第三人稱常常不在話語現場，可能需要區分性範疇來確定所指。格林伯格將之概括為如果性的對立出現在第一人稱中，則一定也會出現在第三或第二人稱中<sup id="cite_ref-G_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>人稱系統中的數範疇對性範疇也有影響。一般來說，人稱的性對立更多體現在單數上。格林伯格的概括是，如果代詞的複數有任何性的區別，那麼單數也會有某種區別<sup id="cite_ref-G_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但後來的研究表明，如果性的對立不是陰性-陽性（-中性），而是人類-非人類或有生性-無生性的話，這一共性存在較多的例外。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="回指"><span id=".E5.9B.9E.E6.8C.87"></span>回指</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯章節：回指"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不作為直接指在話語中第一次提及的對象，而用來指上文剛提及的對象，稱為回指。如漢語中，「小李在洗他的衣服」中的「他」，既可以指小李自己，也可以指別人，不區分回指，需根據上文下理才能判斷，而在一些語言中會區分。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="旁指"><span id=".E6.97.81.E6.8C.87"></span>旁指</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯章節：旁指"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>旁指主要存在於第三人稱。在提到多個第三人稱時，按照凸顯程度，可以分出較凸顯的本指（proximate）和較不凸顯的旁指（obviative），有時還可以有更不凸顯的旁另指。如漢語中，<i>他在打他</i>中不區分兩個<i>他</i>的本指和旁指，而在一些語言中會區分。 </p><p>有的語言學家把旁指（obviative）列為「第四人稱」。也有的語言學家認為本指和旁指雖然和人稱範疇關係非常緊密，但仍屬於另一類範疇。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85088369">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">參見：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%81%E6%8C%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旁指（頁面不存在）">旁指</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="尊称"><span id=".E5.B0.8A.E7.A7.B0"></span>尊稱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯章節：尊稱"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人称代词"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.A7.B0.E4.BB.A3.E8.AF.8D"></span>人稱代詞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯章節：人稱代詞"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主條目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="人稱代詞">人稱代詞</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="一致关系"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E8.87.B4.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>一致關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯章節：一致關係"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conjugaci%C3%B3n_de_correr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Conjugaci%C3%B3n_de_correr.png/200px-Conjugaci%C3%B3n_de_correr.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="467" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Conjugaci%C3%B3n_de_correr.png/300px-Conjugaci%C3%B3n_de_correr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Conjugaci%C3%B3n_de_correr.png/400px-Conjugaci%C3%B3n_de_correr.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>圖中是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>中的動詞"correr"（跑）的變位。<br />橫行表示人稱範疇，不同的顏色分別表示<span style="color:#ED1C24">第一人稱</span>、<span style="color:#662D91">第二人稱（非尊稱）</span>和<span style="color:#10808C">第三人稱（以及第二人稱尊稱）</span>。<br />豎行表示時範疇，日出表示過去時，日中表示現在時，月亮表示將來時。</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E8%AF%AD" title="屈折語">屈折語</a>中的屈折形式常常同時包含人稱範疇和其他範疇。單獨表人稱範疇的屈折形式多出現在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="黏着語">黏着語</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%BC%8F%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%AF%AD" title="多式綜合語">復綜語</a>中。如在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9D%B0%E5%B8%83%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="奧傑布瓦語">奧傑布瓦語</a>的這個句子中： </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Maaba dash shkinwe wgii-bwaadaa wii-bi-yaanid myagi-nishnaaben waa-bi-nsigwaajin</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>其中文意思為：這個年輕人夢到外國人會來殺了他們。其中的wgii-bwaadaa，其<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B1%E5%B1%82%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="深層形式（頁面不存在）">深層形式</a>為o（第三人稱）-gii（過去時）-bawaad（做夢）-am（第三人稱有生性）-n（本指）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关条目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯章節：相關條目"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="人稱代詞">人稱代詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D" title="漢語人稱代詞">漢語人稱代詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4" title="語法範疇">語法範疇</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=13" title="編輯章節：注釋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <small><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">葉蜚聲、徐通鏘、王洪君、李娟（2010）：106頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">安娜·謝維爾斯卡（2008）：2頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">安娜·謝維爾斯卡（2008）：78頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">英語的現在時單數動詞後綴也只有第三人稱有後綴<i>-s</i>，而不區分第一人稱和第二人稱。但在整個語言系統中看，不能認為英語中只有兩種人稱。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">但並不是不區別第三人稱和一、二人稱，只是沒有特定形式。如古漢語中的第一、二人稱代詞不會混用於第三人稱。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenberg（1978）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">上古漢語中沒有專門標記複數的人稱代詞，但是「朕」、「余」、「卬」等都只能用於單數。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">安娜·謝維爾斯卡（2008）：79頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">在祭祀、宣誓等情況下，還可能出現第一人稱複數表示多個說話人（1+1）的情況，但很少見。</span> </li> </ol></small> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&action=edit&section=14" title="編輯章節：參考文獻"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">安娜·謝維爾斯卡. 人称范畴. 北京: 北京大學出版社. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787301146163" title="Special:網絡書源/9787301146163"><span title="國際標準書號">ISBN</span> 9787301146163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&rft.au=%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787301146163&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Greenberg, Joseph H. 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Stanford University Press. 1978. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0804709661" title="Special:網絡書源/0804709661"><span title="國際標準書號">ISBN</span> 0804709661</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Joseph+H.&rft.btitle=Universals+of+Human+Language&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0804709661&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">劉丹青編著. 语法调查研究手册. 上海: 上海教育出版社. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787544415873" title="Special:網絡書源/9787544415873"><span title="國際標準書號">ISBN</span> 9787544415873</a>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&rft.au=%E5%8F%B6%E8%9C%9A%E5%A3%B0%E3%80%81%E5%BE%90%E9%80%9A%E9%94%B5%E8%91%97+%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E5%90%9B%E3%80%81%E6%9D%8E%E5%A8%9F%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2&rft.btitle=%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%88%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787301163108&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyuyanxuegangyao0000yefe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">岑運強等編. 语言学基础理论. 北京: 北京師範大學出版社. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787303034635" title="Special:網絡書源/9787303034635"><span title="國際標準書號">ISBN</span> 9787303034635</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0&rft.au=%E5%B2%91%E8%BF%90%E5%BC%BA%E7%AD%89%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787303034635&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="zh-Hant" dir="ltr">取自「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=人称&oldid=78532103">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=人称&oldid=78532103</a>」</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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