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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British anthropologist (1890–1986)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Eric Dingwall</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Eric_Dingwall_psychical_researcher.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dingwall (middle) in 1923"><img alt="Dingwall (middle) in 1923" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Eric_Dingwall_psychical_researcher.png/220px-Eric_Dingwall_psychical_researcher.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Eric_Dingwall_psychical_researcher.png 1.5x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="319" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Dingwall (middle) in 1923</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Eric Dingwall<br />1890</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">14 June 1986<span style="display:none">(1986-06-14)</span> (aged 86)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Writer</li><li>parapsychologist</li><li>researcher</li><li>librarian</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">English</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eric John Dingwall</b> (1890–1986) was a British <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">psychical researcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarian</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Dingwall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a>, Dingwall moved to England where he was educated at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a> (M.A., 1912), and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> (D.Sc., PhD).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote popular books on <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sexology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became interested in <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> phenomena in 1921 and served from 1922 to 1927 as a research officer for the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a> (SPR).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dingwall was described as an eccentric by those who knew him.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having developed his skills as a librarian at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Cambridge University Library</a> while an undergraduate, in 1946 he joined the Library of the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> as a voluntary assistant, but from 1947 was promoted to Hon. Assistant Keeper in the Reference Division, cataloguing private case material of <a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">erotica</a>, magic and the paranormal.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He co-edited the four-volume set <i>Abnormal Hypnotic Phenomena</i> (1967–68). The set was described in a review as of considerable historical interest and well written.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His book <i>Racial Pride and Prejudice</i> received positive reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His books on <a href="/wiki/Artificial_cranial_deformation" title="Artificial cranial deformation">artificial cranial deformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infibulation" title="Infibulation">infibulation</a> also received positive reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dingwall was nicknamed "Dirty Ding" due to his interests in erotica and sexual customs.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was the honorary vice-president for <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Circle_(organisation)" title="The Magic Circle (organisation)">The Magic Circle</a> and a founding member of its Occult Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dingwall was married twice; firstly to Doris Dunn, an anthropologist and archaeologist (she later married the anthropologist <a href="/wiki/John_Layard" title="John Layard">John Layard</a>); and secondly, to the psychologist Norah Margaret Davis.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dingwall "came from an affluent family and was astute in financial matters (he left an estate valued at £678,246)".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His extensive papers<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were left to the University of London Library, and a conservation project to catalogue and conserve the collection was funded by the <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a> in 2012–3.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dingwall had a long interest in antiquarian <a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">horology</a>, and had joined the antiquarian section of the <a href="/wiki/British_Horological_Institute" title="British Horological Institute">British Horological Institute</a> in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the British Museum a singing bird automaton<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an <a href="/wiki/Automaton_clock" title="Automaton clock">automaton clock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bulk of his remaining estate was divided between the British Library and the horological section (the Clocks and Watches department) of the British Museum. This bequest to the museum was used to acquire sixteen further objects for the horological collection.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988 the museum proposed combining the remaining funds with part of the bequest left to the <a href="/wiki/Clockmakers_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Clockmakers Company">Clockmakers Company</a> by Reginald Beloe (a wealth City of London financier, noted horological collector and Past-Master of the Clockmakers Company). Since 1989 the joint fund has supported the annual <a href="/wiki/Dingwall_Beloe_Lecture_Series" title="Dingwall Beloe Lecture Series">Dingwall Beloe Lecture Series</a>, held at the British Museum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychical_research">Psychical research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Dingwall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Psychical research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1920s and 1930s Dingwall travelled widely in Europe and the United States to investigate mediums. He has been described as a "sceptical enquirer"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a psychical investigator who "spent many years exposing fraud and unscientific practices among psychical researchers."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He co-wrote the <a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">skeptical</a> book <i>Four Modern Ghosts</i> (1958) with <a href="/wiki/Trevor_H._Hall" title="Trevor H. Hall">Trevor H. Hall</a> which gave rationalistic explanations for alleged supernatural phenomena such as the Yorkshire Museum Ghost and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Price" title="Harry Price">Harry Price</a>'s Rosalie <a href="/wiki/Materialization_(paranormal)" title="Materialization (paranormal)">materialization</a> séance.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i>Critics Dilemma</i> (1966), Dingwall supported Hall's criticism of the spiritualist <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> and the medium <a href="/wiki/Florence_Cook_(medium)" title="Florence Cook (medium)">Florence Cook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He investigated the <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">mediumship</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eusapia_Palladino" title="Eusapia Palladino">Eusapia Palladino</a> and came to the conclusion she was "vital, vulgar, amorous and a cheat."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, Dingwall with V. J. Woolley tested the medium <a href="/wiki/Eva_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eva Carrière">Eva Carrière</a> in London. The results were negative and it was discovered that her <a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">ectoplasm</a> was made from chewed paper.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dingwall also investigated the medium <a href="/wiki/Mina_Crandon" title="Mina Crandon">Mina Crandon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He suspected that she hid her ectoplasm in her <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a> but did not come to any definite conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His suspicion was deemed feasible by the gynecologist <a href="/wiki/Florence_Barrett" title="Florence Barrett">Florence Willey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his later years Dingwall became a critic of psychical research. In an essay in 1971 he summed up his extensive experience in parapsychological research and came to the conclusion: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Since I gave up nearly all active work in psychical research, I have often been asked why, after more than sixty years' work in the field, I have finally lost most of my interest in it. There are two answers to the question. First, I have come to the conclusion that the present immense interest in occultism and in the grosser forms of superstition is due, to a certain extent at least, to the persistent and far-reaching propaganda put out by the parapsychologists. In this they have, I think, a very grave responsibility. With the gradual decline in the West of belief in Christianity has come not, as one might have hoped, a leaning toward the rational way of looking at the world but a decided tendency to adopt the magical way. Thus Christianity, unbelievable as it may be to the rational mind, has been supported by the occult superstitions of darker ages. One reason, therefore, for my ceasing work is that I do not wish to be associated with persons who actively support such superstitions as are today everywhere apparent. I cannot accept such responsibility... After sixty years' experience and personal acquaintance with most of the leading parapsychologists of that period I do not think I could name half a dozen whom I could call objective students who honestly wished to discover the truth.</p></blockquote> <p>His essay <i>The Need for Responsibility in Parapsychology: My Sixty Years in Psychical Research</i> (1971) was reprinted in <i>A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology</i> (1985) by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">CSICOP</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kurtz" title="Paul Kurtz">Paul Kurtz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The skeptic <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Stein" title="Gordon Stein">Gordon Stein</a> dedicated the book <i>The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal</i> to Dingwall.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to authors William Kalush and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Sloman" title="Larry Sloman">Larry Sloman</a> when investigating the medium <a href="/wiki/Mina_Crandon" title="Mina Crandon">Mina Crandon</a>; Dingwall told her to take off her clothes and sit in the nude. Crandon would also sometimes sprinkle <a href="/wiki/Phosphorescence" title="Phosphorescence">luminous powder</a> on her breasts and because of such activities <a href="/wiki/William_McDougall_(psychologist)" title="William McDougall (psychologist)">William McDougall</a> and other psychical researchers criticised Dingwall for having improper relations with Crandon.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Dingwall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chastity_belt_satire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chastity_belt_satire.jpg/220px-Chastity_belt_satire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chastity_belt_satire.jpg/330px-Chastity_belt_satire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chastity_belt_satire.jpg/440px-Chastity_belt_satire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>A caricature on the ultimate ineffectualness of <a href="/wiki/Chastity_belt" title="Chastity belt">chastity belts</a>. According to information in the scholarly work <i>The Girdle of Chastity</i> by Eric John Dingwall, there were a number of versions, but this specific version of the caricature was published <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1590</span>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Abnormal Hypnotic Phenomena</i> four-volumes (1967–68)</li> <li><i>The Critics' Dilemma: Further Comments on Some Nineteenth Century Investigations</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>Very Peculiar People</i> (1962)</li> <li><i>Four Modern Ghosts</i> (1958) [with <a href="/wiki/Trevor_H._Hall" title="Trevor H. Hall">Trevor H. Hall</a>]</li> <li><i>The Unknown, is it Nearer?</i> (1956)</li> <li><i>The American Women: An Historical Study</i> (1956)</li> <li><i>The Haunting of Borley Rectory: A Critical Survey of the Evidence</i> (1956) with [K. M. Goldney and Trevor H. Hall, commonly referred to as "The Borley Report"]</li> <li><i>Very Peculiar People: Portrait Studies in the Queer, the Abnormal and the Uncanny</i> (1950)</li> <li><i>Racial Pride and Prejudice</i> (1946)</li> <li><i>Woman: An Historical, Gynecological and Anthropological Compendium</i> (1935)</li> <li><i>How to Use a Large Library</i> (1933)</li> <li><i>Artificial Cranial Deformation</i> (1931)</li> <li><i>The Girdle of Chastity</i> (1931)</li> <li><i>Ghosts and Spirits in the Ancient World</i> (1930)</li> <li><i>How to Go to a Medium: A Manual of Instruction</i> (1927)</li> <li><i>Studies in the Sexual Life of Ancient and Medieval Peoples</i> (1925)</li> <li><i>Male Infibulation</i> (1925)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Dingwall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/eric-john-dingwall">"Eric Dingwall (1890–1986)"</a>. <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daryl E. Chubin, Ellen W. Chu. (1989). <i>Science Off the Pedestal: Social Perspectives on Science and Technology</i>. Wadsworth Publishing Company. p. 28. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0534098582" title="Special:BookSources/978-0534098582">978-0534098582</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Buckland" title="Raymond Buckland">Raymond Buckland</a>. (2005). <i>The Spirit Book: The Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication</i>. Visible Ink Press. p. 105. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1578592135" title="Special:BookSources/978-1578592135">978-1578592135</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Croall. (1983). <i>Neill of Summerhill: The Permanent Rebel</i>. Pantheon Books. p. 174. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0394514031" title="Special:BookSources/978-0394514031">978-0394514031</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/auden/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I13582&ged=auden-bicknell.ged&view=preview">Eric Dingwall Personal Facts and Details</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1545295//">"Dr Dingwall's Casebook - Part Two: 'Dirty Ding'"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Dingwall, Eric John". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40749">10.1093/ref:odnb/40749</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dingwall%2C+Eric+John&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Dingwall" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Stengel. (1969). "Mesmerism And Hypnotism In The 19th Century". <i>The British Medical Journal</i>. Vol. 3, No. 5665. p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cullen Young. (1947). "Racial Pride and Prejudice by Eric John Dingwall". <i>Africa: Journal of the International African Institute</i> Vol. 17, No. 2. pp. 144-145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Everett_Hughes_(sociologist)" title="Everett Hughes (sociologist)">Everett C. Hughes</a>. (1950). "Racial Pride and Prejudice by Eric John Dingwall". <i>American Journal of Sociology</i>. Vol. 56, No. 3. pp. 279-280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Male Infibulation by John Dingwall". <i>The British Medical Journal</i>. Vol. 2, No. 3383 (Oct. 31, 1925). p. 803.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert W. Krieger. (1926). "Male Infibulation by Eric John Dingwall". <i>American Anthropologist</i>, New Series. Vol. 28, No. 3. pp. 558-559.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Artificial Cranial Deformation by Eric John Dingwall". <i>The British Medical Journal</i> Vol. 2, No. 3702 (Dec. 19, 1931). pp. 1140-1141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Lebzelter. (1932). "Artificial Cranial Deformation by Eric John Dingwall". <i>Anthropos</i>. Bd. 27, H. 3./4. pp. 685-686.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Wood. (1992). <i>The Widow of Borley: A Psychical Investigation</i>. Duckworth. p. 54. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0715624197" title="Special:BookSources/978-0715624197">978-0715624197</a> "Eric J. Dingwall, an academic in charge of the restricted collection (dirty books) at the British Library who rejoiced in the nickname Dirty Ding".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jo Manning. (2005). <i>My Lady Scandalous: The Amazing Life and Outrageous Times of Grace Dalrymple Elliott, Royal Courtesan</i>. Simon & Schuster. p. 117. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743262620" title="Special:BookSources/978-0743262620">978-0743262620</a> "Condoms were donated to the British Museum by Eric J. Dingwall, nicknamed "Dirty Ding," who collected erotica and material on aberrant sexual customs; Dingwall was a librarian at Cambridge University and later at the British Museum."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pflyceum.org/260.html">"Eric Dingwall"</a>. <i>The Biographical Dictionary of Parapsychology</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1545295//">"Dr Dingwall's Casebook - Part Two: 'Dirty Ding'"</a>. University College London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Dingwall, Eric John". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40749">10.1093/ref:odnb/40749</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dingwall%2C+Eric+John&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F40749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Dingwall" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.libraries.london.ac.uk/Details/archive/110016690">extensive papers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmither" class="citation web cs1">Smither, Rachael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.example.org/">"The Eric Dingwall Papers"</a>. <i>Rachael Smither Conservation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rachael+Smither+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+Eric+Dingwall+Papers&rft.aulast=Smither&rft.aufirst=Rachael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEric+Dingwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Horological Journal</i>, February 1951, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=52200&partId=1&searchText=1987%2c0112.1&page=1">singing bird automaton</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=51990&partId=1&searchText=eric+dingwall&page=1">automaton clock</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?searchText=eric+dingwall">link</a> will produce results from a search of the British Museum catalogue for items related to Eric Dingwall's bequest</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1545294//">"Dr Dingwall's Casebook - Part One: A Sceptical Enquirer"</a>. University College London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Stein" title="Gordon Stein">Gordon Stein</a>. (1996). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal</i>. Prometheus Books. p. 630. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573920216" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573920216">978-1573920216</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Dingwall, <a href="/wiki/Trevor_H._Hall" title="Trevor H. Hall">Trevor H. Hall</a>. (1958). <i>Four Modern Ghosts</i>. Gerald Duckworth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C._E._M._Hansel" title="C. E. M. Hansel">C. E. M. Hansel</a>. (1989). <i>The Search for Psychic Power: ESP and Parapsychology Revisited</i>. Prometheus Books. p. 287. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87975-516-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87975-516-4">0-87975-516-4</a> "In his <i>Critics Dilemma</i> (1966) he revealed that in 1922 he had himself met the man to whom Florence Cook had given details of her affair with Crookes, her trips to Paris, and the assistance that Crookes had provided in order to fake the spirit Katie King. Dingwall supported Hall's conclusions and after considering attempts to explain away the evidence writes "If we are being asked to think that Crookes really believed in all of this, it appears his modern defenders are reducing him almost to the level of an imbecile and denigrating him to a far greater degree than Mr. Hall has done."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Hodson Brock. (2008). <i>William Crookes (1832–1919) and the Commercialization of Science</i>. Ashgate. p. 17. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754663225" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754663225">978-0754663225</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David C. Knight. (1969). <i>The ESP Reader</i>. Grosset & Dunlap. p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simeon Edmunds. (1966). <i>Spiritualism: A Critical Survey</i>. Aquarian Press. pp. 110-111. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0850300130" title="Special:BookSources/978-0850300130">978-0850300130</a> "In 1920 Eva C came to London at the invitation of the SPR. Forty séances, held under the direction of Dr. E. J. Dingwall and Dr. J. V. Woolley, proved entirely negative. The small amount of 'ectoplasm' produced proved on analysis to be nothing more than chewed up paper."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/blog/voices-dark-margery-mediumship">"Voices in the dark: the Margery mediumship"</a>. Senate House Library, University of London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Lewis_(scholar)" title="James R. Lewis (scholar)">James R. Lewis</a>. (1995). <i>Encyclopedia of Death and the Afterlife</i>. Visible Ink. p. 118. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1578591077" title="Special:BookSources/978-1578591077">978-1578591077</a> "The researcher Eric J. Dingwall accused her of hiding ectoplasm in her vagina and projecting it with muscle contractions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/C._E._M._Hansel" title="C. E. M. Hansel">C. E. M. Hansel</a>. (1989). <i>The Search for Psychic Power: ESP and Parapsychology Revisited</i>. Prometheus Books. p. 244. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87975-516-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87975-516-4">0-87975-516-4</a> "In 1925, Margery was investigated by E. J. Dingwall of the British Society for Psychical Research. His report is difficult to assess. He showed that most of the phenomena could have been produced by trickery on the part of Margery and her husband, but he seemed loath to come to any definite conclusion."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Gaskill" title="Malcolm Gaskill">Malcolm Gaskill</a> (2001), <i>Hellish Nell: Last of Britain's Witches</i>. Fourth Estate. p. 238. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841151090" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841151090">978-1841151090</a> "Dingwall's suspicions were confirmed by eminent gynaecologist Dr Florence Willey, wife of SPR founder Sir William Barrett, who informed him in May 1925 that "of course it would be quite possible to pack a considerable portion of such substance into the vagina."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Dingwall. (1985). <i>The Need for Responsibility in Parapsychology: My Sixty Years in Psychical Research</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kurtz" title="Paul Kurtz">Paul Kurtz</a>. (1985). <i>A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology</i>. pp. 161–174. Prometheus Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Stein" title="Gordon Stein">Gordon Stein</a>. (1996). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal</i>. Prometheus Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573920216" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573920216">978-1573920216</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Kalush, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Sloman" title="Larry Sloman">Larry Sloman</a>. (2006). <i>The Secret Life of Houdini: The Making of America's First Superhero</i>. Atria Books. p. 447. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743272070" title="Special:BookSources/978-0743272070">978-0743272070</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Dingwall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/dispatcher.aspx?action=search&database=ChoiceArchive&search=priref=110016690">Eric Dingwall papers at the University of London</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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