Low Price Lab Equipment & Materials

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theme_id: 148578533592, app_name: "storefront", context_url: window.location.href, source_url: "//www.ossila.com/cdn/s/trekkie.storefront.67031bb556ecae068d9d26b268af7634adc01a0c.min.js"}); }; scriptFallback.async = true; scriptFallback.src = '//www.ossila.com/cdn/s/trekkie.storefront.67031bb556ecae068d9d26b268af7634adc01a0c.min.js'; first.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptFallback, first); }; script.async = true; script.src = '//www.ossila.com/cdn/s/trekkie.storefront.67031bb556ecae068d9d26b268af7634adc01a0c.min.js'; first.parentNode.insertBefore(script, first); }; trekkie.load( {"Trekkie":{"appName":"storefront","development":false,"defaultAttributes":{"shopId":8230287,"isMerchantRequest":null,"themeId":148578533592,"themeCityHash":"6221589308323309318","contentLanguage":"en","currency":"USD"},"isServerSideCookieWritingEnabled":true,"monorailRegion":"shop_domain"},"Session Attribution":{},"S2S":{"facebookCapiEnabled":false,"source":"trekkie-storefront-renderer","apiClientId":580111}} ); 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Equipment" href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/equipment" class="secondary-link-banner">View all equipment<svg class="icon icon-navigate_next"> <use></use></svg></a></p> <div class="featured-product align-left lavender-background round-top margin-top-extra"> <div class="fade-section"> <img alt="Micromanipulator pair" class="fade-element round-corners" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/micromanipulator-pair-in-use.jpg?width=360&height=400&crop=center" width="360"> <img alt="Micromanipulator probe station" class="fade-element round-corners" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/micromanipulator-probe-station.jpg?width=360&height=400&crop=center" width="360"> <img alt="Micromanipulator needle point" class="fade-element round-corners" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/micromanipulator-needle-point.jpg?width=360&height=400&crop=center" width="360"> </div> <div class="featured-product-info"> <p class="h2">Micromanipulator</p> <p>Achieve micron-level accuracy with the new Ossila Micromanipulator. Adjust probe positioning to 10 μm accuracy and with 10 mm travel on three axes.</p> <p>Order a left- or right-handed micromanipulator today or purchase a pair for two handed use.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/products/micromanipulator" class="featured-product-button" data-track-content="" data-content-piece="featured-product-micromanipulator" data-content-name="/">Get a quote or buy today</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="featured-product align-right light-blue-background round-bottom"> <div class="fade-section"> <img alt="Slot-die coater gauge" class="fade-element round-corners" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Ossila-Slot-Die-Coater-Gauge.jpg?width=360&height=400&crop=center" width="360"> <img alt="Slot-die coater stage" class="fade-element round-corners" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Ossila-Slot-Die-Coater-Stage.jpg?width=360&height=400&crop=center" width="360"> </div> <div class="featured-product-info"> <p class="h2">New, Upgraded Slot Die Coater</p> <p>Upgrade your coating process with the Slot Die Coater Plus. Available for the same price as the original, our new model features an increased maximum hotplate temperature, large stage travel length, increased slot die coating width, improved stage and leveling mechanism, and bidirectional movement.</p> <p><a class="featured-product-button" href="https://www.ossila.com/products/slot-die-coater?variant=45300454162648" data-track-content="" data-content-piece="featured-product-slot-die-coater" data-content-name="/">Request a quote or buy now</a></p> </div> </div> <h2 class="blue-heading text-center">Enabling science around the world since 2009</h2> <p>Ossila was founded in 2009 by scientists from the University of Sheffield to remove barriers to research through accessible high-performance research tools.</p> <p>Today, we manufacture and supply a wide range of equipment, components, and materials which enable intelligent and efficient scientific research and discovery. Serving the global scientific community, we ship our products to more than 90 countries.</p> <p>With expertise in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and more, our teams offer in-depth product support and create free resources to help researchers jump-start new projects—making scientific information available to everyone.</p> <div class="collection-container"> <div class="collection-tile"><img width="285" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/high-purity-materials.jpg?v=1721387641&width=285" loading="lazy" height="190" class="full-width round-corners" alt="High purity materials"></div> <div class="collection-tile"><img width="285" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/optical-spectrometer-in-use.jpg?v=1721387641&width=285" loading="lazy" height="190" class="full-width round-corners" alt="USB spectrometer"></div> <div class="collection-tile"><img width="285" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/solar-simulator-in-use.jpg?v=1721387641&width=285" loading="lazy" height="190" class="full-width round-corners" alt="Solar simulator"></div> <div class="collection-tile"><img width="285" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/laminar-flow-hood-in-use.jpg?v=1721387641&width=285" loading="lazy" height="190" class="full-width round-corners" alt="Laminar flow hood"></div> </div> <div class="quotes carousel-track fade-section"> <div class="fade-element"> <img width="300" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Testimonials-Logos-White_University-of-Sheffield.svg?v=1720173055" alt="University of Sheffield testimonial" loading="lazy" height="240" class="quote-logo"> <div class="quote-info"> <img width="10" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/open-speech-sign.svg?v=1724055464" loading="lazy" height="10" class="open-speech-sign" alt="open-speech-sign"> <a title="Our Awards and Testimonials" href="https://www.ossila.com/pages/awards-and-testimonials" class="testimonial"> Ossila’s components are of high quality, excellent consistency, and are readily available in sensible quantities. This means the only variables that change when we make devices are the actual variables we planned to study. This helps us push forward our fundamental research more quickly...</a><img width="10" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/close-speech-sign.svg?v=1724055463" height="10" class="close-speech-sign" alt="close-speech-sign"> <p>Dr. Alan Dunbar - Senior Lecturer in Energy, University of Sheffield</p> </div> </div> <div class="fade-element"> <img width="300" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Testimonials-Logos-White_Imperial-Collage-London.svg?v=1720173054" alt="Imperial College London testimonial" loading="lazy" height="240" class="quote-logo"> <div class="quote-info"> <img width="10" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/open-speech-sign.svg?v=1724055464" loading="lazy" height="10" class="open-speech-sign" alt="open-speech-sign"> <a title="Our Awards and Testimonials" href="https://www.ossila.com/pages/awards-and-testimonials" class="testimonial"> Ossila's pre-patterned substrates and compatible test equipment have enabled researchers to significantly increase the production rate of devices - and most notably, made possible the reliable comparison of data, ensuring consistency and accuracy.</a><img width="10" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/close-speech-sign.svg?v=1724055463" height="10" class="close-speech-sign" alt="close-speech-sign"> <p>Professor Natalie Stingelin - Professor of Functional Organic Materials, Imperial College London</p> </div> </div> <div class="fade-element"> <img width="300" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Testimonials-Logos-White_Power-Roll.svg?v=1720173055" loading="lazy" height="240" alt="Power Roll testimonial" class="quote-logo"> <div class="quote-info"> <img width="10" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/open-speech-sign.svg?v=1724055464" loading="lazy" height="10" class="open-speech-sign" alt="open-speech-sign"> <a title="Our Awards and Testimonials" href="https://www.ossila.com/pages/awards-and-testimonials" class="testimonial"> We find Ossila's equipment very user-friendly and practical for our processes (solar cell research), and have used them since 2015. They provide good value for startups and SMEs...</a><img width="10" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/close-speech-sign.svg?v=1724055463" loading="lazy" height="10" class="close-speech-sign" alt="close-speech-sign"> <p>Dr Trevor McArdle - Senior Research Scientist, Power Roll</p> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-left-control prev-quote round-corners" data-slide="prev" style="background: none; border: none;"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-chevron-left"><use> </use></svg><span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-right-control next-quote round-corners" data-slide="next" style="background: none; border: none;"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-chevron-right"><use> </use></svg> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </button> </div> <h2 class="blue-heading text-center">Trusted materials for high-impact research</h2> <div class="collection-container text-left wider-collection-tiles"> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/building-blocks"> <div class="collection-button background-light-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-non-heterocyclic-building-blocks.png?v=1718707763&width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Chemistry Building Blocks"> <p>Chemistry Building Blocks</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/building-blocks">Chemistry Building Blocks</a></p> <p>Building blocks for the chemical synthesis of materials with tailored structures and properties.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/monomers"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-monomers.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Monomers"> <p>Monomers</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/monomers">Monomers</a></p> <p><span>Design and synthesize organic tailored polymers with carefully selected monomers.</span></p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/mof-ligands"> <div class="collection-button background-light-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-MOF-Ligands.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="MOF Ligands"> <p>MOF Ligands</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/mof-ligands">MOF Ligands</a></p> <p>Vital connectors between metal centres and clusters with functional applications in your research.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/cof-ligands"> <div class="collection-button background-light-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-COF-ligands.png?v=1718707763&width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="COF Ligands"> <p>COF Ligands</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/cof-ligands">COF Ligands</a></p> <p>Ligands for the formation of high quality COFs applied in a variety of technologies.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/oled-materials"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img alt="OLED Materials Collection" height="109" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-Dopant-Materials.png?v=1718707763" width="150"> <p>OLED Materials</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/oled-materials">OLED Materials</a></p> <p>Browse our specialist host, dopant and TADF OLED materials.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/carbon-nanotubes"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-carbon-nanotubes.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Carbon Nanotubes"> <p>Carbon Nanotubes</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/carbon-nanotubes">Carbon Nanotubes</a></p> <p>Transform your research with single, double, and multi-walled nanotubes.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/2d-materials"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-2D-materials.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="2D Materials"> <p>2D Materials</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/2d-materials">2D Materials</a></p> <p>High quality, low cost 2D materials in crystal, powder, or film form.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/battery-materials"> <div class="collection-button background-light-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-battery-materials.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Battery Materials"> <p>Battery Materials</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/battery-materials">Battery Materials</a></p> <p>Materials for sustainable battery research, including LiCoO<sub>2</sub>, LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, NCA, and more.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/optoelectronic-materials"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-optoelectronic-materials.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Optoelectronic Materials"> <p>Optoelectronic Materials</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/optoelectronic-materials">Optoelectronic Materials</a></p> <p>The functional centre of many devices that drive modern technologies, like LEDs solar cells, and lasers.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/fullerene-acceptors"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-fullerene-acceptors.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Fullerenes"> <p>Fullerenes</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/fullerene-acceptors">Fullerenes</a></p> <p>Fullerenes and fullerene derivatives with unique properties suitable for use in electronics.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/non-fullerene-acceptors"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-non-fullerene-acceptors.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Non-Fullerene Acceptors"> <p>Non-Fullerene Acceptors</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/non-fullerene-acceptors">Non-Fullerene Acceptors</a></p> <p>A promising range of alternatives to fullerene-based electron acceptors.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/semiconducting-polymers"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-semiconducting-polymers.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Semiconducting Polymers"> <p>Semiconducting Polymers</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/semiconducting-polymers">Semiconducting Polymers</a></p> <p>Ideal for bulk heterojunction, OPV, OLED, OFET, and perovskite interfaces.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/perovskite-materials"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-Perovskite-Materials.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Perovskite Materials"> <p>Perovskite Materials</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/perovskite-materials">Perovskite Materials</a></p> <p>Collection of versatile perovskite inks, precursors, and interface materials.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/self-assembled-monolayers"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/self-assembled-monolayers-collection-design.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)"> <p>Self-Assembled Monolayers</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/self-assembled-monolayers">Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)</a></p> <p>With potential applications in photovoltaics, nanotechnology, and more.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/dssc-materials"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-DSSC-Dyes-Electrolytes.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="DSSC Materials"> <p>DSSC Materials</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/dssc-materials">DSSC Materials</a></p> <p><span>Improve the stability and efficiency of your DSSC solar cells.</span></p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/semiconducting-molecules"> <div class="collection-button background-light-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-Semiconducting-Molecules.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Semiconducting Molecules"> <p>Semiconducting Molecules</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/semiconducting-molecules">Semiconducting Molecules</a></p> <p>Organic small-molecule semiconductors for use as emmitters, interlayers, active materials, and more.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/organic-conductors"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-organic-conductors.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Organic Conductors"> <p>Organic Conductors</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/organic-conductors">Organic Conductors</a></p> <p>An environmentally friendly alternative to traditional inorganic conductors.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/inorganic-electronic-materials"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Metal-oxide-collection-design.png?v=1713516072" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Inorganic Electronic Materials"> <p>Inorganic Electronic Materials</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/inorganic-electronic-materials">Inorganic Electronic Materials</a></p> <p>Range of inorganic electronic materials including metals, <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/metal-oxide">metal oxides</a>, carbon based nanomaterials, and more.</p> </div> </div> <div class="featured-product align-right light-green-background round-corners"> <div class="fade-section"> <img width="360" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Family_Photo_-_PEDOT_straightened_cropped.png?v=1690300071&width=360&height=400&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="400" class="fade-element round-corners" alt="Range of PEDOT:PSS"> <img width="360" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/PEDOT-Collection.jpg?v=1705505181&width=360&height=400&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="400" class="fade-element round-corners" alt="PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT Polymers"> <img width="360" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Large-PEDOT-Collection.jpg?v=1705505181&width=360&height=400&crop=center" loading="lazy" height="400" class="fade-element round-corners" alt="PEDOT:PSS"> </div> <div class="featured-product-info"> <p class="h2">PEDOT:PSS</p> <p>A versatile range of PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT-based polymers available in different solvents for applications in OLED, OPV, sensors, and more.</p> <p>Choose the right PEDOT material for your research using our simple guide to the sheet resistance, application, solvent base, and deposition method of each material.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/pedot" class="featured-product-button" data-track-content="" data-content-piece="featured-product-pedot-pss" data-content-name="/">Request a quote or buy now</a></p> </div> </div> <h2 class="blue-heading text-center">Featured collections for your research needs</h2> <div class="collection-container text-left"> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/thin-film-coating"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Thin-Film-Coating-collection-design.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Thin Film Coating"> <p>Thin Film Coating</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/thin-film-coating">Thin Film Coating</a></p> <p><span>Coating systems designed to streamline your research and development.</span></p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/electrochemistry"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/electrochemical-cell-collection-design.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Electrochemistry Collection"> <p>Electrochemistry Supplies</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/electrochemistry">Electrochemistry Supplies</a></p> <p>Everything you need for your electrochemistry research.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/spectroscopy"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-spectrometer.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Spectroscopy Collection"> <p>Spectroscopy Equipment</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/spectroscopy">Spectroscopy Equipment</a></p> <p>Get started with your optical spectroscopy measurements.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/life-sciences"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link_laminar-flow-hood.png?v=1718707764" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Life Science Equipment"> <p>Life Science Equipment</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/life-sciences">Life Science Equipment</a></p> <p>Products designed to support and improve life sciences research.</p> </div> </div> <h2 class="blue-heading text-center">Essentials for your laboratory</h2> <div class="collection-container text-left wider-collection-tiles"> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/substrates-and-fabrication"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link_Substrates-and-fabrication.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Substrates and Fabrication Collection"> <p>Substrates and Fabrication</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/substrates-and-fabrication">Substrates and Fabrication</a></p> <p>Quickly and easily fabricate and characterize thin film devices.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/solution-making"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/Solution-Making-Supplies-collection-design.png?width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Substrates and Fabrication Collection"> <p>Solution Making Supplies</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/solution-making">Solution Making Supplies</a></p> <p>Vital components for when precision and efficiency are non-negotiable.</p> </div> <div class="collection-tile"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/general-laboratory-supplies"> <div class="collection-button background-ossila-blue"> <img width="150" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/collection-link-_laboratory-supplies.png?v=1718707763&width=150" loading="lazy" height="109" alt="Laboratory Supplies"> <p>Laboratory Supplies</p> </div> </a> <p><a href="https://www.ossila.com/collections/general-laboratory-supplies">Laboratory Supplies</a></p> <p>Keep your lab stocked with general-purpose laboratory accessories for daily use.</p> </div> </div> <h2 class="blue-heading text-center">Supporting your research</h2> <div class="tile-container"> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/quantum-efficiency"><img alt="An Introduction to Quantum Efficiency" height="160" width="160" loading="lazy" src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/solar-cell-eqe.svg"></a> <a href="/pages/quantum-efficiency">An Introduction to Quantum Efficiency</a> <p>Quantum efficiency refers to the fraction of input energy that is converted into useful output energy. It's different for different devices but is typically dependent on the photon to electron ratio (or other physical entity involved in an interaction).</p> <a href="/pages/quantum-efficiency">Read more...</a> </div> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="/pages/cyclic-voltammetry"><img src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/page-cyclic-voltammetry.jpg?&width=160&height=160" loading="lazy" alt="Cyclic Voltammetry Basic Principles, Theory and Setup"></a><a href="/pages/cyclic-voltammetry"> Cyclic Voltammetry Basic Principles, Theory and Setup</a> <p>Learn about cyclic voltammetry and cyclic voltammograms, the potentiometry principle, and the three electrode system. A complete introduction.</p> <a href="/pages/cyclic-voltammetry">Read more...</a> </div> <div class="card-box card-truncate"> <a href="https://www.ossila.com/pages/perovskites-and-perovskite-solar-cells-an-introduction"><img src="https://www.ossila.com/cdn/shop/files/What_is_a_Perovskite_Solar_Cell_Perovskite_crystal_structure.svg?v=1676968311&crop=center&width=160&height=160" loading="lazy" alt="Perovskites and Perovskite Solar Cells: An Introduction"></a><a href="https://www.ossila.com/pages/perovskites-and-perovskite-solar-cells-an-introduction"> Perovskites and Perovskite Solar Cells: An Introduction</a> <p>The rising star of the photovoltaics world. 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