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id="toc-Abarshahr_of_Sassanid_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abarshahr_of_Sassanid_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Abarshahr of Sassanid Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abarshahr_of_Sassanid_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_of_Nishapur_throughout_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_of_Nishapur_throughout_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Names of Nishapur throughout history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_of_Nishapur_throughout_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Muslim_Conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_Conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Muslim Conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_Conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nishapur_capital_of_Abu_Muslim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nishapur_capital_of_Abu_Muslim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Nishapur capital of Abu Muslim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nishapur_capital_of_Abu_Muslim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tahirid_dynasty_in_Nishapur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tahirid_dynasty_in_Nishapur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Tahirid dynasty in Nishapur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tahirid_dynasty_in_Nishapur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saffarids/Samanids/Seljuks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saffarids/Samanids/Seljuks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Saffarids/Samanids/Seljuks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saffarids/Samanids/Seljuks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_siege_of_Nishapur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_siege_of_Nishapur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Mongol siege of Nishapur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_siege_of_Nishapur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilkhanate_and_Timurid_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilkhanate_and_Timurid_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.6</span> <span>Ilkhanate and Timurid reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilkhanate_and_Timurid_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Safavid_Era_(16th_to_early_18th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safavid_Era_(16th_to_early_18th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Safavid Era (16th to early 18th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safavid_Era_(16th_to_early_18th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_Qajar_Era_(18th_&_19th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_Qajar_Era_(18th_&_19th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Independence and Qajar Era (18th & 19th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_Qajar_Era_(18th_&_19th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Contemporary history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pahlavi_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahlavi_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Pahlavi dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahlavi_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_Iranian_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_Iranian_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Post Iranian revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_Iranian_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_discoveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_discoveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>Archaeological discoveries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_discoveries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources_of_the_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_of_the_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sources of the Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_of_the_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seismicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seismicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Seismicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seismicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food_&_Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_&_Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Food & Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_&_Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Water supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Banks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_44" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_44"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Road 44</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_44-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rail transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nishapur_train_disaster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nishapur_train_disaster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Nishapur train disaster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nishapur_train_disaster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mythology_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Mythology and religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tepe_Madraseh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tepe_Madraseh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Tepe Madraseh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tepe_Madraseh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pottery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pottery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Pottery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pottery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Form_and_function_of_Nishapur_pottery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Form_and_function_of_Nishapur_pottery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Form and function of Nishapur pottery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Form_and_function_of_Nishapur_pottery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthem_of_Nishapur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthem_of_Nishapur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Anthem of Nishapur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthem_of_Nishapur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7.1</span> <span>Other influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_and_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Films and cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paintings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paintings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.11</span> <span>Paintings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paintings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_and_cultural_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_and_cultural_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.12</span> <span>Local and cultural days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_and_cultural_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy_and_food_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy_and_food_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.13</span> <span>Gastronomy and food culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy_and_food_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carpet-weaving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carpet-weaving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.14</span> <span>Carpet-weaving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carpet-weaving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turquoise_masonry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turquoise_masonry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.15</span> <span>Turquoise masonry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turquoise_masonry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture_and_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_and_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.16</span> <span>Architecture and monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.17</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools,_universities_and_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools,_universities_and_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Schools, universities and colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools,_universities_and_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>High schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sport centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Mass media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mass_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mass media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mass_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspaper_publishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspaper_publishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Newspaper publishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspaper_publishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Public Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Printing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nishapur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisjapoer" title="Nisjapoer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nisjapoer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نيسابور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيسابور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fapur" title="Nişapur – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nişapur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نیشابور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیشابور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="নিশাপুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিশাপুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нішапур – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нішапур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixapur" title="Nixapur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nixapur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABsh%C4%81b%C5%ABr_(kapital_sa_munisipyo_sa_Iran)" title="Nīshābūr (kapital sa munisipyo sa Iran) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nīshābūr (kapital sa munisipyo sa Iran)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C5%A1%C3%A1p%C3%BAr" title="Níšápúr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Níšápúr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nischapur" title="Nischapur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nischapur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neysh%C4%81b%C5%ABr" title="Neyshābūr – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neyshābūr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81" title="Νισαπούρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νισαπούρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nej%C5%9Daburo" title="Nejŝaburo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nejŝaburo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixapur" title="Nixapur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nixapur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نیشابور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیشابور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%83%A4%ED%91%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="니샤푸르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니샤푸르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Նիշապուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիշապուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0,_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="निशापुर, इरान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निशापुर, इरान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%A1apur" title="Nišapur – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nišapur" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naisabur" title="Naisabur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Naisabur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8" title="נישאפור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נישאפור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნიშაბური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიშაბური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AE%C5%9Fab%C3%BBr" title="Nîşabûr – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîşabûr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisapurum" title="Nisapurum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nisapurum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei%C5%A1%C4%81b%C5%ABra" title="Neišābūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neišābūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%A1ap%C5%ABras" title="Nišapūras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nišapūras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neis%C3%A1pur" title="Neisápur – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Neisápur" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="നിഷാപൂർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിഷാപൂർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="निशापूर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निशापूर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نيشابور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيشابور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نیشابور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیشابور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisjapoer" title="Nisjapoer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nisjapoer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ニーシャープール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニーシャープール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyshabur" title="Neyshabur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Neyshabur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishopur" title="Nishopur – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nishopur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0" title="ਨਿਸ਼ਾਪੁਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਸ਼ਾਪੁਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نیشابور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیشابور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niszapur" title="Niszapur – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niszapur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixapur" title="Nixapur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nixapur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C8%99apur" title="Nișapur – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nișapur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABsh%C4%81p%C5%ABr" title="Nīshāpūr – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nīshāpūr" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C5%A1%C3%A1p%C3%BAr" title="Níšápúr – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Níšápúr" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niisaabuur" title="Niisaabuur – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Niisaabuur" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نەیشابوور – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەیشابوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%A1apur" title="Nišapur – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nišapur" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%A1apur" title="Nišapur – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nišapur" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyshabur" title="Neyshabur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neyshabur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நிசாபூர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிசாபூர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишапур – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нишапур" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="นีชอบูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นีชอบูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нишопур – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нишопур" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fabur" title="Nişabur – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nişabur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80" title="Нішапур – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нішапур" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="نیشاپور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیشاپور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%87%D8%B1" title="نىشاپۇر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىشاپۇر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nishapur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyshabur" title="Neyshabur – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Neyshabur" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="内沙布尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="内沙布尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fabur" title="Nişabur – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nişabur" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" title="內沙布爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="內沙布爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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this location">36.20611°N 58.79333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.20611; 58.79333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the administrative division of Razavi Khorasan province, see <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Nishapur County</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/120px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Nishapur" title="Talk:Nishapur">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Razavi Khorasan, Iran</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nishapur</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="fa"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نیشابور</span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name"><a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a> (اَبَرشهر), Raēvant (رَئِوَنْت),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shadiyakh" title="Shadiyakh">Shadiyakh</a> (شادیاخ)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Neyshabur</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:260px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg/260px-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg/390px-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg/520px-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbasi_Karvansaray_in_Neyshabur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Abbasi_Karvansaray_in_Neyshabur.jpg/129px-Abbasi_Karvansaray_in_Neyshabur.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Abbasi_Karvansaray_in_Neyshabur.jpg/194px-Abbasi_Karvansaray_in_Neyshabur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Abbasi_Karvansaray_in_Neyshabur.jpg/258px-Abbasi_Karvansaray_in_Neyshabur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%8EAttar_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%D9%8EAttar_tomb.jpg/250px-%D9%8EAttar_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%D9%8EAttar_tomb.jpg/330px-%D9%8EAttar_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahrough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mahrough.jpg/260px-Mahrough.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mahrough.jpg/390px-Mahrough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mahrough.jpg/520px-Mahrough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2698" data-file-height="4047" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaster_tile_Louvre_MET_40-170-166.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Plaster_tile_Louvre_MET_40-170-166.jpg/260px-Plaster_tile_Louvre_MET_40-170-166.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Plaster_tile_Louvre_MET_40-170-166.jpg/390px-Plaster_tile_Louvre_MET_40-170-166.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Plaster_tile_Louvre_MET_40-170-166.jpg/520px-Plaster_tile_Louvre_MET_40-170-166.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amin_al-Islami_Park_-_Trees_and_Flowers_-_Nishapur_077.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Amin_al-Islami_Park_-_Trees_and_Flowers_-_Nishapur_077.JPG/250px-Amin_al-Islami_Park_-_Trees_and_Flowers_-_Nishapur_077.JPG" decoding="async" width="129" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Amin_al-Islami_Park_-_Trees_and_Flowers_-_Nishapur_077.JPG/330px-Amin_al-Islami_Park_-_Trees_and_Flowers_-_Nishapur_077.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2675" data-file-height="1894" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg/250px-Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg/330px-Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3344" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-Molk_(Neyshabur)_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-Molk_%28Neyshabur%29_003.jpg/250px-Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-Molk_%28Neyshabur%29_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-Molk_%28Neyshabur%29_003.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-Molk_%28Neyshabur%29_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ligna_moskeo_%C4%89e_Nej%C5%9Daburo_(Irano)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ligna_moskeo_%C4%89e_Nej%C5%9Daburo_%28Irano%29_001.jpg/129px-Ligna_moskeo_%C4%89e_Nej%C5%9Daburo_%28Irano%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ligna_moskeo_%C4%89e_Nej%C5%9Daburo_%28Irano%29_001.jpg/194px-Ligna_moskeo_%C4%89e_Nej%C5%9Daburo_%28Irano%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ligna_moskeo_%C4%89e_Nej%C5%9Daburo_%28Irano%29_001.jpg/258px-Ligna_moskeo_%C4%89e_Nej%C5%9Daburo_%28Irano%29_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><div style="background:#fee8ab;"> <b>From top to bottom & from left to right:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Abbasi_Caravansarai,_Nishapur" title="Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Nishapur">Shah Abbasi Caravansarai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur">Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh_Mahruq" title="Imamzadeh Mahruq">Imamzadeh Mohammad Mahrouq</a> & <a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Khayyam's garden</a>, An archeological discovery of Nishapur, <a href="/wiki/Bagh-e_Meli_of_Nishapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagh-e Meli of Nishapur">Bagh-e Meli of Nishapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanate_mansion_and_garden_of_Amin_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanate mansion and garden of Amin Islami">Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-molk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk">Kamal Al-Molk Tomb</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wooden_Mosque" title="Wooden Mosque">Wooden Mosque of Nishapur</a>.</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Nishapur.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Nishapur"><img alt="Official seal of Nishapur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Seal_of_Nishapur.png/76px-Seal_of_Nishapur.png" decoding="async" width="76" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Seal_of_Nishapur.png/113px-Seal_of_Nishapur.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Seal_of_Nishapur.png/151px-Seal_of_Nishapur.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="338" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyed</a> era</i>: <a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a> (Upper Cities), <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Little Damascus</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(According to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The City of <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a>, The City of Gardens</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nishapur is located in Iran"><img alt="Nishapur is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.477%;left:74.602%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nishapur"><img alt="Nishapur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Nishapur</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Iran</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nishapur is located in West and Central Asia"><img alt="Nishapur is located in West and Central Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/250px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/375px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/500px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5948" data-file-height="3836" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.234%;left:64.57%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nishapur"><img alt="Nishapur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Nishapur</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of West and Central Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nishapur&params=36_12_22_N_58_47_36_E_dim:5km_type:city(264375)_region:IR-09"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°12′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">58°47′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.20611°N 58.79333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.20611; 58.79333</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan Province">Razavi Khorasan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Nishapur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Nishapur_County)" title="Central District (Nishapur County)">Central</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Historical Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">5500 B.C.</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipality of Nishapur</th><td class="infobox-data">1931</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> & <a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Iran" title="Local councils of Iran">City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Hassan MereTatiKa</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governor of County</th><td class="infobox-data">Mahdi Davandeh<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,250 m (4,100 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2016)<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Razavi_Khorasan_Province-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">264,375</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nishapuri" title="Nishapuri">Nishapuri</a>, Nishaburi or Neyshaburi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:30" title="UTC+03:30">UTC+03:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Standard_Time" title="Iran Standard Time">IRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">051</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neyshabur.ir">neyshabur<wbr />.ir</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Member of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Historical_Cities" title="League of Historical Cities">LHC</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Inter-City_Intangible_Cultural_Cooperation_Network" title="Inter-City Intangible Cultural Cooperation Network">ICCN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nishapur</b> or <b>Neyshabur</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نیشاپور</span>, also <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f1\/Fa-Neyshabur.ogg\/Fa-Neyshabur.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fa-Neyshabur.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Fa-Neyshabur.ogg/Fa-Neyshabur.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">نیشابور</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fa-Neyshabur.ogg" title="File:Fa-Neyshabur.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Nishapur_County)" title="Central District (Nishapur County)">Central District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Nishapur County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_province" title="Razavi Khorasan province">Razavi Khorasan</a> province, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, serving as capital of both the county and the district.<sup id="cite_ref-Khorasan_Province_Structure_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khorasan_Province_Structure-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nishapur is the second most populous city<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the province in the northeast of Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Binalud_Mountains" title="Binalud Mountains">Binalud Mountain Range</a>. It has been the historic capital of the Western Quarter<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a>, the historic <a href="/wiki/Capitals_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitals of Persia">capital</a> of the 9th-century <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid dynasty</a>, the initial capital of the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a>, and is currently the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Nishapur County</a> and a historic <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> city<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">cultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">economic</a> importance in Iran and the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> region. </p><p>Nearby are <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">turquoise</a> mines that have supplied the world with turquoise of the finest and the highest quality<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for at least two <a href="/wiki/Millennia" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennia">millennia</a>. </p><p>The city was founded in the 3rd century by <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a> as a capital city of <a href="/wiki/Sasanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanian">Sasanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Satrapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Satrapy">satrapy</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a> or Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city later became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid dynasty</a> and was reformed by <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Tahir_al-Khurasani" title="Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani">Abdullah Tahir</a> in 830, and later selected as the capital of <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuk dynasty</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tughril" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughril">Tughril</a> in 1037. Nishapur had a territory of 17.6 hectares and 25,000 people in the 6th century, while by the year 1000, the population of the city was about 336,000 people with the territory of 1,680 hectares. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> era to the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Khwarezmia_and_Eastern_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran">Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran</a>, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center within the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Islamic world</a>. Nishapur, along with <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, was one of the four great cities of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> and one of the greatest cities of the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> with strategic importance,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a seat of governmental power in the eastern section of <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphates</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dwelling_place" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwelling place">dwelling place</a> for diverse ethnic and religious groups and a trading stop on commercial routes from <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a>, China, Iraq<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Egypt. </p><p>Nishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the <a href="/wiki/Samanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanids">Samanids</a> in the 10th century but was destroyed and <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire">most of its population was slaughtered by the Mongols in 1221</a>. This massacre, combined with subsequent earthquakes<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other invasions, is believed to have destroyed the city several times. Unlike its near neighbor <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, Nishapur managed to recover from these cataclysmic events, and survive until the present day as an active modern city and county in <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iran" title="Tourism in Iran">tourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iran" title="Agriculture in Iran">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Iran" title="Healthcare in Iran">healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Iran" title="Industry of Iran">industrial production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan Province">Razavi Khorasan Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>; however, many of its older and historical archeological remains are left to be uncovered. </p><p>The modern city of Nishapur is composed of three main administrative areas/districts (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: منطقه های شهر نیشابور) and is surrounded by many villages which are joining in to the urban area and structure of the city. The Area/district 1 of the city comprises the newer urban developments (initiated mostly in the 1980s and the 1990s) made to the north of the <a href="/wiki/Road_44_(Iran)" title="Road 44 (Iran)">Road 44</a> and is home to most of the main higher educational institutions of Nishapur such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Neyshabur" title="University of Neyshabur">University of Neyshabur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University_Neyshabur_Branch" title="Islamic Azad University Neyshabur Branch">IAUN</a>. The Area/district 2 of the city comprises the downtown of the city and the older and more historic urban structures situated on the south of the Road 44. It is home to some of the main tourists attractions of the city such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_Nishapur" title="National Garden of Nishapur">National Garden of Nishapur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_Mansion_of_Amin_Islami" title="Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami">Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami</a>. The Area/district 3 of the city is home to the ruins and the remains of the ancient city of Nishapur destroyed by Mongols in the Middle Ages and is located on the south and the southeast of the city. The third district of the city is a national and registered protected archeological area by law<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and any unauthorized archeological excavation is considered illegal. This district is also home to the burial and historical monuments (some are shown on the city infobox) of most of the renowned persons of the city throughout history such as the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur">Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur</a>. The third district is also used as one of the main touristic hotspots of the city. </p><p>Many of this city's <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archeological</a> discoveries are held and shown to the public in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">the Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">international museums</a> and the museums of the city of Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Nishapur is also a member of international organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Historical_Cities" title="League of Historical Cities">LHC</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Inter-City_Intangible_Cultural_Cooperation_Network" title="Inter-City Intangible Cultural Cooperation Network">ICCN UNESCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abarshahr_of_Sassanid_Empire">Abarshahr of Sassanid Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Abarshahr of Sassanid Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_%22Perozhormizd,_son_of_the_Kanarang%22,_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_%22Perozhormizd%2C_son_of_the_Kanarang%22%2C_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg/413px-Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_%22Perozhormizd%2C_son_of_the_Kanarang%22%2C_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg" decoding="async" width="413" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_%22Perozhormizd%2C_son_of_the_Kanarang%22%2C_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg/620px-Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_%22Perozhormizd%2C_son_of_the_Kanarang%22%2C_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_%22Perozhormizd%2C_son_of_the_Kanarang%22%2C_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg/826px-Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_%22Perozhormizd%2C_son_of_the_Kanarang%22%2C_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian seal</a> with inscription in Pahlavi <i>"Perozhormizd, son of the Kanarang"</i>, "<a href="/wiki/Kanarang" title="Kanarang">Kanarang</a>" being the Sasanian military commander of <a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a> (Nishapur). The cap is decorated with a border of pearls. The title is attested from the 5th century CE. British Museum 134847.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p><b><a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a></b> was a satrapy (province) of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a>. Cities in the region were Candac, Artacauan, Apameia, and <a href="/wiki/Pushang" title="Pushang">Pushang</a> (founded by Shapur I). Nishapur was the capital. Abarshar was the name used for Nishapur during the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>. The capital was a vital center of administration and of communications between Bactria, India, and Sagistan. The region was involved in the Indian and Chinese trade. Its governor bore the title of <a href="/wiki/Kanarang" title="Kanarang">kanarang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_of_Nishapur_throughout_history">Names of Nishapur throughout history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Names of Nishapur throughout history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a></b> or <b>Aparshahr</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrapy</a> (province) of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a> now located in Nishapur. Cities in the region were Candac, Artacauan, and Apameia, and Pushang (founded by Shapur I) and the capital was Nishapur. Abarshar was the name of Nishapur during the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>. The capital was a vital point of administration and of communications between Bactria, India, and Sagistan. The region was involved in the Indian and Chinese trade. Its governor bore the unique title of <a href="/wiki/Kanarang" title="Kanarang">kanarang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Neysabur</b> or <b>Naysabur</b> was named Abarshahr during the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Khorasan" title="Muslim conquest of Khorasan">Muslim occupation of Khorasan</a> and Nishapur, and was the city's official name during the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muslim_Conquest">Muslim Conquest</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Muslim Conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nishapur was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, without struggle, during the caliphate of <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Ahnaf_ibn_Qais" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahnaf ibn Qais">Ahnaf Ibn Qais</a> as the chief command of the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_army" title="Rashidun army">Rashidun army</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>. From Isfahan, two routes led to <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>: the main route via <a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rey, Iran">Rayy</a> and the other via Nishapur. The people of Nishapur chose not to fight and surrendered on the condition of paying a tribute. </p><p>Having conquered the region around Nishapur, the Muslim force advanced to Nishapur itself. The city was divided into four sectors, with each sector under a Persian chief. These chiefs shut themselves in the city and closed the gates. The Muslims laid siege to the city for some days. In the meantime, the Persian chiefs quarreled among themselves. One of the chiefs entered into negotiations with the Muslims. He offered to open one of the gates for the Muslim army to enter, provided he was granted immunity. The Muslims accepted the offer. The Persians were taken by surprise, and the Muslims became the new rulers of Nishapur. After consolidating their position at Nishapur, the Muslims conquered other cities around Nishapur, including Pusht, Ashband, Rukh, Zar, Khaf, Osparain and Arghian.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nishapur_capital_of_Abu_Muslim">Nishapur capital of Abu Muslim</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nishapur capital of Abu Muslim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_Khorasani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Muslim Khorasani">Abu Muslim</a> became the governor of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, and chose Nishapur as his capital. He seems to have initiated a huge building program in which he stimulated the growth of the city. Nishapur increased in importance, and two of the ‘Abbasids were governors of this city before becoming caliphs. It was the governor of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khurasan</a> (‘<a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Isa_ibn_Mahan" title="Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan">Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan</a>) who presented the large gift of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperial_porcelain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese imperial porcelain">Chinese imperial porcelains</a> to <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a> (see Abbasid Ceramics Section), demonstrating the strategic importance of the province on trade routes.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tahirid_dynasty_in_Nishapur">Tahirid dynasty in Nishapur</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tahirid dynasty in Nishapur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid dynasty</a> was a dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dehqan" title="Dehqan">dehqan</a> origin that ruled from 820 to 872 in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, northeastern <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a>, a region now split between <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>. The Tahirid capital was originally <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, but Nishapur became their capital from 828 to 845.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKröger19958_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKröger19958-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although nominally subject to the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, the Tahirid rulers were effectively independent. The dynasty was founded by <a href="/wiki/Tahir_ibn_Husayn" title="Tahir ibn Husayn">Tahir ibn Husayn</a>, a leading general in the service of the Abbasid caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">Al-Ma'mun</a>. Tahir's military victories were rewarded with the gift of lands in the east of Persia, which were subsequently extended by his successors as far as the borders of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Tahirid influence extended to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> when the Abbasids granted them the military affairs in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2001135–139_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2001135–139-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saffarids/Samanids/Seljuks"><span id="Saffarids.2FSamanids.2FSeljuks"></span>Saffarids/Samanids/Seljuks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Saffarids/Samanids/Seljuks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 873, the Tahirids were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Saffarids" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffarids">Saffarids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKröger19958_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKröger19958-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saffarids expanded their sphere of influence through the north of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khurasan</a> and also in south towards <a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a>. They also made Nishapur their capital and rebuilt the Tahirid palace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito199938_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito199938-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 900, Ismail Samani defeated the Saffarids and was made governor of Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKröger19958_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKröger19958-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samanids had been placed in power in <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> by Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">Al-Ma'mun</a>, and ruled first from <a href="/wiki/Samarqand" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarqand">Samarqand</a> and then moved to <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>. After defeating the <a href="/wiki/Saffarids" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffarids">Saffarids</a>, their "empire", with nominal sanction from the <a href="/wiki/Abbasids" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasids">Abbasids</a>, extended from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, making Nishapur a provincial capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHonigmannBosworth199563_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHonigmannBosworth199563-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khurasan was thus an international entrepôt, with merchants coming not only from Iraq, India and Egypt, but also from Russia; additionally, <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> came from <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> to trade with the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulghars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Nishapur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Old_Nishapur.jpg/215px-Old_Nishapur.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Old_Nishapur.jpg/323px-Old_Nishapur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Old_Nishapur.jpg/430px-Old_Nishapur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="1241" /></a><figcaption>A modern reconstruction of Nishapur in the Middle Ages shown in the edited version of the book <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nishapur_(book)" title="History of Nishapur (book)">History of Nishapur</a></i> held in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iran">National Library of Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nishapur occupies an important strategic position astride the old <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> that linked <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> with China. On the Silk Road, Nishapur has often defined the flexible frontier between the Iranian plateau and Central Asia. The town derived its name from its reputed founder, the <a href="/wiki/Sassanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian">Sassanian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapur I of Persia">Shapur I</a>, who is said to have established it in the third century CE. Nearby are the <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">turquoise</a> mines that supplied the world with turquoise for at least two millennia. </p><p>It became an important town in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> region but subsequently declined in significance until a revival in its fortunes in the 9th century under the <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid dynasty</a>, when the glazed <a href="/wiki/Ceramics_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramics (art)">ceramics</a> of Nishapur formed an important item of trade to the west. For a time Nishapur rivaled <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toghr%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Toghrül">Toghrül</a>, the first ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Seljuk</a> dynasty, made Nishapur his residence in 1038 and proclaimed himself sultan there,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeacock2015126_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeacock2015126-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it declined thereafter, as Seljuk fortunes were concentrated in the west. Nishapur was sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> in 1154,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIbn_Al-Athir200759-60_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIbn_Al-Athir200759-60-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> killing 30,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETor20155_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETor20155-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nishapur suffered several earthquakes in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mongol_siege_of_Nishapur">Mongol siege of Nishapur</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mongol siege of Nishapur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire</a></div> <p>In 1221, after the death of <a href="/wiki/Tuqachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuqachar">Tuqachar</a>, the husband of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan's</a> daughter, the entire city of Nishapur was destroyed by the Mongols over the course of 10 days. Genghis Khan's daughter requested the death of every resident of the city as vengeance for her husband's death. In order to become sure that no wounded would survive the massacre, the Khan's troops killed and beheaded most of the population of the city and their skulls were reputedly piled in pyramids by the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. Women, Infants, children, and even cats and dogs were among the beheaded. It is estimated that potentially up to 1,747,000 people were slaughtered.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the massacre a much smaller settlement was established just north of the ancient town, and the once bustling metropolis lay underground—until a team of excavators from the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> arrived in the mid-20th century. They worked at Nishapur between 1935 and 1940, returning for a final season in the winter of 1947–48.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What remains of old Nishapur is a 3500-hectare "Kohandejh (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: کهن دژ)" area, south of the current city of Nishapur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ilkhanate_and_Timurid_reign">Ilkhanate and Timurid reign</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ilkhanate and Timurid reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg/220px-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg/330px-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg/440px-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a> was built during the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid era</a> (Built by the order of <a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a>). <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur">Mausoleum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar</a> of Nishapur is in the southern part of the city of Nishapur. <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar</a> has had a profound influence on <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the fall of Nishapur in 1221 by the Mongols, the structures of the city were weakened and the agricultural output of the city was reduced. <a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Mahmud Ghazan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Bahadur_Khan" title="Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan">Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan</a> tried to make the city flourish again and the city's population grew once more and some of the villages around the city were improved and rebuilt. <a href="/wiki/Hamdallah_Mustawfi" title="Hamdallah Mustawfi">Hamdallah Mustawfi</a> had visited the city of Nishapur in the Year 1339 or 1340. During this era, the ambassador of <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_Castile" title="Henry III of Castile">Henry III of Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruy_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Clavijo" title="Ruy González de Clavijo">Ruy González de Clavijo</a> reached Nishapur and according to him,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nishapur had become a highly productive agricultural center with 40 non-stop working mills along the ''Abe Bostan'' (Mir Ab River of Nishapur). The current position of the city was formed during this era and on the North West of the older position of the city which is now home to the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur">Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shadiyakh" title="Shadiyakh">Shadiyakh Archeological Site</a> and other remains of the old position of the city (the old position of the city is also now a protected <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archeological site</a> by law though it is endangered). <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur">Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Nishapur" title="Jameh Mosque of Nishapur">Jame mosque of Nishapur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Congregational_mosque" title="Congregational mosque">congregational mosque</a> of the city) are among the examples of the buildings built during this era in Nishapur. Many poets, scholars and renowned historical figures of the city and the wider region of <a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a> (one of the main four regions of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> with the city capitals of Nishapur, <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>) were also born in this period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_era">Early modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Early modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Safavid_Era_(16th_to_early_18th_century)"><span id="Safavid_Era_.2816th_to_early_18th_century.29"></span>Safavid Era (16th to early 18th century)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Safavid Era (16th to early 18th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbasid_Caravanseray_of_Nishapur_(Ribati-i-Abbasi_of_Nishapur)_-_Morning_021.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Abbasid_Caravanseray_of_Nishapur_%28Ribati-i-Abbasi_of_Nishapur%29_-_Morning_021.JPG/250px-Abbasid_Caravanseray_of_Nishapur_%28Ribati-i-Abbasi_of_Nishapur%29_-_Morning_021.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Abbasid_Caravanseray_of_Nishapur_%28Ribati-i-Abbasi_of_Nishapur%29_-_Morning_021.JPG/330px-Abbasid_Caravanseray_of_Nishapur_%28Ribati-i-Abbasi_of_Nishapur%29_-_Morning_021.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Abbasid_Caravanseray_of_Nishapur_%28Ribati-i-Abbasi_of_Nishapur%29_-_Morning_021.JPG/500px-Abbasid_Caravanseray_of_Nishapur_%28Ribati-i-Abbasi_of_Nishapur%29_-_Morning_021.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A decorated door with <a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">arabesque</a> dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safvid Persia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shah_Abbasi_Caravansarai,_Nishapur" title="Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Nishapur">Shah Abassi Caravanseray of Nishapur</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to a conflict between the supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khodabanda" title="Mohammad Khodabanda">Mohammad Khodabanda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid Shah of Persia</a>, and his son <a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Abbas the Great</a>. In 1581, the castle of Nishapur went under siege. This siege became one of the events that helped the <a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Abbas the Great</a> to become the Ruler of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah of Persia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Empire</a>. In 1592 <a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Abbas the Great</a> took back the control of Nishapur from the <a href="/wiki/Shaybanids" title="Shaybanids">Shaybanids</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shah_Abbasi_Caravansarai,_Nishapur" title="Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Nishapur">Shah Abbasi Caravanseri of Nishapur</a> was also built during his reign and later on, he left his two <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigraphs</a> on <a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Nishapur" title="Jameh Mosque of Nishapur">Jame Mosque of Nishapur</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> of October 1612. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saadat_Ali_Khan_I" title="Saadat Ali Khan I">Saadat Ali Khan I Nishapuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Nawab of Awadh</a> (the ruler who governed the state of <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> of India), was also born in this period in an influential family in Nishapur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independence_and_Qajar_Era_(18th_&_19th_century)"><span id="Independence_and_Qajar_Era_.2818th_.26_19th_century.29"></span>Independence and Qajar Era (18th & 19th century)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Independence and Qajar Era (18th & 19th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapofkhorasan1775.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mapofkhorasan1775.png/220px-Mapofkhorasan1775.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mapofkhorasan1775.png/330px-Mapofkhorasan1775.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mapofkhorasan1775.png/440px-Mapofkhorasan1775.png 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qara_Bayat_Amirdom" title="Qara Bayat Amirdom">Khanate of Nishapur</a> in 1775 after the death of <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the death of <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah Afshar</a> in 1747, the area became an <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Nishapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanate of Nishapur">independent khanate</a> under the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Bayat_(tribe)" title="Bayat (tribe)">Bayat</a> chieftains. In 1754 <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a> <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Campaign_to_Khorasan_(1754-55)" class="mw-redirect" title="Durrani Campaign to Khorasan (1754-55)">captured Nishapur</a> with the support of heavy artillery and imposed <a href="/wiki/Shahrokh_Shah" title="Shahrokh Shah">Shahrokh Shah</a> as the ruler (<a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a>) of the western part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> as a protectorate of the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a>. </p><p>The city was conquered in 1800 by the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajars</a>. In 1828, the city came under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Kurds_of_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurds of Khorasan">Zafaranlu Confederacy</a> but was given back to the Qajars in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Hasan_Khan_Salar" title="Revolt of Hasan Khan Salar">Revolt of Hasan Khan Salar</a>, the city was an isolated outpost of Qajar rule led by Imamverdi Khan Bayat when most of Khorasan was under the wrath of Hasan Khan Salar. On March 21, 1849, Qajar forces entered Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_history">Contemporary history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Contemporary history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pahlavi_dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pahlavi dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Construction_of_The_Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayyam.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A picture of the construction of the Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam, on top of the Headstone of Omar Khayyam. This mausoleum was designed by Hooshang Seyhoun in the 20th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Construction_of_The_Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayyam.png/220px-Construction_of_The_Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayyam.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Construction_of_The_Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayyam.png/330px-Construction_of_The_Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayyam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Construction_of_The_Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayyam.png/440px-Construction_of_The_Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayyam.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>A picture of the construction of <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam</a>, on top of the Headstone of <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a>. This mausoleum was designed by <a href="/wiki/Hooshang_Seyhoun" title="Hooshang Seyhoun">Hooshang Seyhoun</a> in the 20th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam</a> in Nishapur was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Shah</a>. Omar's previous tomb was separated from his tomb, and a white marble monument (<a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Current Mausoleum</a>), designed by the Iranian architect <a href="/wiki/Hooshang_Seyhoun" title="Hooshang Seyhoun">Hooshang Seyhoun</a>, was erected over it. This mausoleum became one of the main symbols of the city and one of the known works of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">modern Persian architecture</a>. The influence of the architectural design of this mausoleum is visible on the coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Neyshabur" title="University of Neyshabur">University of Neyshabur</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neyshabur_University_of_Medical_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (page does not exist)">Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)</a> and other public, civil and private organizations of the city. The construction of the new mausoleum was completed in the year 1963. The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-molk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk">Tomb of Kamal-ol Molk</a> was also built in Nishapur and designed by <a href="/wiki/Hooshang_Seyhoun" title="Hooshang Seyhoun">Seyhoun</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wooden_Mosque" title="Wooden Mosque">Wooden Mosque of Neyshabur</a> was also built in the year 2000. </p><p>The Second <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Scout_Region_(World_Organization_of_the_Scout_Movement)" title="Asia-Pacific Scout Region (World Organization of the Scout Movement)">Asia-Pacific Jamboree</a> was held at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baghrud_Scots_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baghrud Scots Park (page does not exist)">Baghrud Scots Park</a> of Nishapur in preparation for The <a href="/wiki/15th_World_Scout_Jamboree_(cancelled)" title="15th World Scout Jamboree (cancelled)">15th World Scout Jamboree</a> which was scheduled to be held 15–23 July 1979 in Nishapur but due to the political uncertainty of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">country</a>, the event was cancelled. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post_Iranian_revolution">Post Iranian revolution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Post Iranian revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 18, 2004, in the <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_train_disaster" title="Nishapur train disaster">Nishapur train disaster</a>, a train carrying flammable goods derailed and caught fire near the town. Five hours later, during fire fighting and rescue work, a massive explosion destroyed the train and many nearby buildings. Around 300 people were said to have been killed, mainly fire and rescue workers but also the local governor and mayor and the heads of the fire and rail services.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This disaster has become known as one of the worst railway industry disasters of the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archaeological_discoveries">Archaeological discoveries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Archaeological discoveries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Little <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> has been done on this vast and complicated site. <a href="/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" class="mw-redirect" title="George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">George Curzon</a> remarked that Nishapur had been destroyed and rebuilt more times than any other city in history,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an evocative statement whether or not it is statistically true. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> undertook excavations from 1935 that were interrupted in 1940. Searching largely for museum-worthy trophies that they shared with the government of the <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Shah</a>, the Metropolitan's publications were limited to its own Nishapur ceramics. The site of Nishapur has been ransacked for half a century since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shadiyakh" title="Shadiyakh">Shadiyakh</a> ("Palace of Happiness") was one of the main palaces of old Nishapur up to the 9th century AD, which became more important and populated after that. Some notable people like <a href="/wiki/Farid_al-Din_Attar" class="mw-redirect" title="Farid al-Din Attar">Attar</a> lived there. Attar's tomb is nowadays in that area. This palace was perhaps completely ruined in the 13th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most people speak <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and are <a href="/wiki/Monolingualism" title="Monolingualism">monolingual</a>, however, there are several private foreign language-teaching institutions in the city that teach English and other languages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 205,972 in 56,652 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2006_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006_Razavi_Khorasan_Province-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following census in 2011 counted 239,185 people in 71,263 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Razavi_Khorasan_Province-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 264,375 people in 83,143 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Razavi_Khorasan_Province-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the third most-populous city in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iran" title="Eastern Iran">eastern provinces of Iran</a> after <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zahedan" title="Zahedan">Zahedan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nishapur" title="Special:EditPage/Nishapur">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nishapur is located at an elevation of 1250 meters on a wide fertile <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plain</a> at the southwestern foot of the <a href="/wiki/Binalud_Mountains" title="Binalud Mountains">Binalud Mountain range</a> in northcentral <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan">Razavi Khorasan</a> Province. The city is connected by both railways and highways to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>. The city also has local routes and highways to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quchan" title="Quchan">Quchan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_of_the_Middle_Ages">Sources of the Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources of the Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Throughout the Middle Ages, Nishapur had been praised by many due to its many gardens and its healthy climate in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawqal" title="Ibn Hawqal">Ibn Hawqal</a> has commented the following about the weather and the climate of this city at that time:</p><blockquote><p>Throughout all of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, no such companion as enriched with the health of the air, quantity and the vastness of its <a href="/wiki/Mansion" title="Mansion">mansions</a> can be found.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (June 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote><p>In the same cited work<sup id="cite_ref-:2_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (June 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Hakim Nishapuri</a> praises Nishapur with many favourable nicknames such as "<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نیشابورست، هوای او صافی به صحت آبدان وافی، خالی از خطایا و عاری از وبا و اکثر بلایا… عروس بلدان، خزانه خراسان، دار امارت، لطیف عمارت، موطن ادیبان…</span>" and compares and claims that the weather and climate (or air Persian: هوا) of Nishapur was better and more healthier (according to him, <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> and other such diseases and disasters could not be found in Nishapur) than many neighboring regions such as <a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a> (due to its winds), <a href="/wiki/Indus_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus valley">Indus valley</a> (or سند in Persian) and <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a> (due to their severe hotness), <a href="/wiki/Khwarazm" title="Khwarazm">Khwarazm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a> (due to their coldness) and <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a> (due to presence of many insects). </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/220px-%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/330px-%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/440px-%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Buzhan,_Nishapur" title="Buzhan, Nishapur">Buzhan</a>, a village and a tourist hot-spot near the east-north of the city of Nishapur, April 2019.</figcaption></figure><p>Nishapur generally has a warm and semi-dry climate called ''<a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">central Iranian plateau</a> climate''. Precipitation mostly happens in spring and winter. Nishapur is situated on a relatively higher elevation (1250 meters) than its neighboring cities such <a href="/wiki/Sabzevar" title="Sabzevar">Sabzevar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> hence the weather is milder and better than these cities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nishapur has a <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (BSk). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Neyshaboor (1991–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(106.5) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.0<br />(−13.0) </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.0<br />(−7.6) </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.8<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−25.0<br />(−13.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(1.37) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(1.41) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.1<br />(2.25) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(1.26) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(0.76) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(0.22) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(0.14) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(0.71) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(1.17) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">238.2<br />(9.39) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C5C504; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.8 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.3 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">301.5 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">340.6 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">368.9 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">358.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F418; color:#000000;" class="notheme">313.7 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278.1 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.3 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164.1 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,087.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Iran Meteorological Organization <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://irimo.ir">[1]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nature_of_Nishapur_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nature_of_Nishapur_07.jpg/250px-Nature_of_Nishapur_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nature_of_Nishapur_07.jpg/330px-Nature_of_Nishapur_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Nature_of_Nishapur_07.jpg/500px-Nature_of_Nishapur_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Nature of Nishapur, near <a href="/wiki/Binalud_Mountains" title="Binalud Mountains">Binalud Mountain Range</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Nishapur lies on a <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> alluvial plain on top of the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> sediments in the southwestern part of the <a href="/wiki/Binalud_Mountains" title="Binalud Mountains">Binalud Mountains</a>. The Binalud Range, running northwest–southeast, is made predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> rocks. On the southern side of the northwestern part of the range there is a section of <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> rocks that are <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> in origin. The well-known Nishabur <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">turquoise</a> comes from the weathered and broken <a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">trachytes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesites</a> of the Eocene volcanic rocks of this part of the mountain range. The main turquoise mines are situated about 50 kilometers northwest of the city of Nishapur in the foothills of the Binalud Range.<sup id="cite_ref-readersnatural_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-readersnatural-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seismicity">Seismicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Seismicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nishapur is located in a region with a rather high risk of <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>. Many earthquakes have seriously harmed the city; among the important ones are the historical earthquakes that ruined the city in the 12th and 13th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tile_-_Portal_of_an_old_store_-_Bazaar_of_Nishapur_(Edit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tile_-_Portal_of_an_old_store_-_Bazaar_of_Nishapur_%28Edit%29.jpg/220px-Tile_-_Portal_of_an_old_store_-_Bazaar_of_Nishapur_%28Edit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tile_-_Portal_of_an_old_store_-_Bazaar_of_Nishapur_%28Edit%29.jpg/330px-Tile_-_Portal_of_an_old_store_-_Bazaar_of_Nishapur_%28Edit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tile_-_Portal_of_an_old_store_-_Bazaar_of_Nishapur_%28Edit%29.jpg/440px-Tile_-_Portal_of_an_old_store_-_Bazaar_of_Nishapur_%28Edit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Portal of an old store in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Roofed_Bazaar_of_Nishapur" title="Roofed Bazaar of Nishapur">Roofed Bazaar of Nishapur</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Nishapur is diverse and it is based on several industries like Agriculture, Industrial parks, mining, tourism, health-care, retailing, banking etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_&_Agriculture"><span id="Food_.26_Agriculture"></span>Food & Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Food & Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many agricultural products such as <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachio</a> are exported from the <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">county of Nishapur</a>. The city is also a <a href="/wiki/Dairy" title="Dairy">dairy</a> and sugar exporter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Water supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the water supply of the city is provided from the <a href="/wiki/Binalud_Mountains" title="Binalud Mountains">Binalud Mountain Range</a>'s mostly <a href="/wiki/Intermittent_river" title="Intermittent river">seasonal rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">qanats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dams</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">wells</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Natural recourses such as <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">turquoise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> are mined from around the city.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /></p><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The electrical power supply of the city is provided from Neyshabur <a href="/wiki/Combined_cycle_power_plant" title="Combined cycle power plant">Combined Cycle Power Plant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Binalood_wind_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Binalood wind farm">Binalood Wind Farm</a>. The excessive electrical energy of the city is mostly exported from the city's public <a href="/wiki/Electrical_grid" title="Electrical grid">power grid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan steel">Khorasan Steel Complex</a> and two main industrial parks called the <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Khayyam</a> Industrial Park and the <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar</a> Industrial Park are near the city of Nishapur. Many industrial products such as sugar, cooking oils and gas heaters are exported from the city and its county. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mir_Abad_-_Nishapur_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mir_Abad_-_Nishapur_1.jpg/220px-Mir_Abad_-_Nishapur_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mir_Abad_-_Nishapur_1.jpg/330px-Mir_Abad_-_Nishapur_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mir_Abad_-_Nishapur_1.jpg/440px-Mir_Abad_-_Nishapur_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>A rock climber in Nishapur</figcaption></figure> <p>Several hotels, <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecolodges</a>, resorts, parks, tourist hot-spots, restaurants, museums, a <a href="/wiki/Planetarium" title="Planetarium">planetarium</a>, cultural centers, mausoleums, religious pilgrimage sites and historic mosques are in and near the city. The tourism industry of the city has a lot of protentional but it needs further development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two active hospitals (Hakim Hospital and 22 Bahman Hospital) in the city of Nishapur and a third one is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2025)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> under construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banks">Banks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nearly all of reputable<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2025)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> public and private Iranian banks have branches in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Companies">Companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major Iranian companies such as <a href="/wiki/Refah_Chain_Stores_Co." title="Refah Chain Stores Co.">Refah Chain Stores Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran_Hyper_Star" title="Iran Hyper Star">Iran Hyper Star</a>, Ofoqh Kourosh and other companies have active branches in Nishapur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_44">Road 44</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Road 44"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_44_(Iran).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Road_44_%28Iran%29.jpg/250px-Road_44_%28Iran%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Road_44_%28Iran%29.jpg/330px-Road_44_%28Iran%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Road_44_%28Iran%29.jpg/500px-Road_44_%28Iran%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="823" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Road_44_(Iran)" title="Road 44 (Iran)">Road 44</a></figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Road_44_(Iran)" title="Road 44 (Iran)">Road 44</a>, a major national expressway that connects the two major cities of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, is connected to the city of Nishapur and it passes through it. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_transport">Rail transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Rail transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_passenger_train_in_Neyshabur_Train_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A passenger train in Nishapur train station, 2020." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/A_passenger_train_in_Neyshabur_Train_Station.jpg/220px-A_passenger_train_in_Neyshabur_Train_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/A_passenger_train_in_Neyshabur_Train_Station.jpg/330px-A_passenger_train_in_Neyshabur_Train_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/A_passenger_train_in_Neyshabur_Train_Station.jpg/440px-A_passenger_train_in_Neyshabur_Train_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A passenger train in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur_train_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nishapur train station (page does not exist)">Nishapur train station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nishapur is connected to the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Iranian_Railway" title="Trans-Iranian Railway">Trans-Iranian Railway System</a> which is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">world heritage</a>. The Nishapur train station became operational during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> and it is located on the southern part of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nishapur_train_disaster">Nishapur train disaster</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Nishapur train disaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_train_disaster" title="Nishapur train disaster">Nishapur train disaster</a></div> <p>On 18 February 2004, runaway train wagons crashed into the village of Khayyam near Nishapur. This accident caused several major explosions and it kill over 300. The entire village of Khayyam was destroyed due to the explosions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The intercity bus terminal of the city is located at the eastern part of the city close to the <a href="/wiki/Road_44" class="mw-redirect" title="Road 44">road 44</a>. Several public bus lines and stations are also active within the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently there is only one airport near the north of the city that is only authorized to be used for <a href="/wiki/Glider_(sailplane)" title="Glider (sailplane)">gliders</a> and small aircraft however, there are plans for building a proper airport near the south of the city of Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:106px;max-width:106px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buzjani,_the_Persian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Buzjani%2C_the_Persian.jpg/104px-Buzjani%2C_the_Persian.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Buzjani%2C_the_Persian.jpg/156px-Buzjani%2C_the_Persian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Buzjani%2C_the_Persian.jpg/208px-Buzjani%2C_the_Persian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_al-Waf%C4%81%27_B%C5%ABzj%C4%81n%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī">Abul al-Wafa Buzjani</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr_Statue_at_nishapur_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr_Statue_at_nishapur_%285%29.jpg/113px-Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr_Statue_at_nishapur_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr_Statue_at_nishapur_%285%29.jpg/170px-Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr_Statue_at_nishapur_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr_Statue_at_nishapur_%285%29.jpg/226px-Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr_Statue_at_nishapur_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr">Abū-Sa'id Abul-Khayr</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey-1683_(2215851579).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Turkey-1683_%282215851579%29.jpg/120px-Turkey-1683_%282215851579%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Turkey-1683_%282215851579%29.jpg/250px-Turkey-1683_%282215851579%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bektash_Veli" title="Haji Bektash Veli">Haji Bektash Veli</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:85px;max-width:85px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_-_Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_-_Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg/83px-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_-_Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_-_Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg/125px-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_-_Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_-_Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg/166px-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_-_Parviz_Meshkatian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Meshkatian" title="Parviz Meshkatian">Parviz Meshkatian</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Reza_Shafei_Kadkani.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mohammad_Reza_Shafei_Kadkani.png/157px-Mohammad_Reza_Shafei_Kadkani.png" decoding="async" width="157" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mohammad_Reza_Shafei_Kadkani.png/236px-Mohammad_Reza_Shafei_Kadkani.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mohammad_Reza_Shafei_Kadkani.png/314px-Mohammad_Reza_Shafei_Kadkani.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="624" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Reza_Shafiei_Kadkani" title="Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani">Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghotb2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ghotb2.jpg/90px-Ghotb2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ghotb2.jpg/135px-Ghotb2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ghotb2.jpg/180px-Ghotb2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_Iranshahri" title="Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri">Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><i>Sorted by date</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a> – (died c. 524 or 528) was a <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> prophet, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> reformer and religious activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanarang" title="Kanarang">Kanarang</a> – was a unique title in the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid army">Sassanid army</a>, given to the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire's</a> northeastern most frontier province, <a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a> (encompassing the cities of <a href="/wiki/Tus,_Iran" title="Tus, Iran">Tus</a>, Nishapur and <a href="/wiki/Abiward" title="Abiward">Abiward</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behafarid" title="Behafarid">Behafarid</a> – was an 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Heresiarch" title="Heresiarch">heresiarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunpadh" title="Sunpadh">Sunpadh</a> – (died 755) <a href="/wiki/Cleric" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleric">cleric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Ibn_Rahwayh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh">Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">muhaddith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqih">faqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_Iranshahri" title="Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri">Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri</a> – 9th-century <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural scientist">natural scientist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historian_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Historian of religion">historian of religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khuzaymah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Khuzaymah">Ibn Khuzaymah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Islamic_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic scholar">Muslim scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a> – <a href="/wiki/Islamic_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic scholar">Muslim scholar</a> and one of the most prominent <i><a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">muhaddith</a></i> in history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Amr_Haddad" title="Abu Hafs Amr Haddad">Abu Hafs Amr Haddad</a> – (died 879) was a <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">sufi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_al-Amiri" title="Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri">Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri</a> – (died 992) was a Muslim theologian and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_al-Waf%C4%81%27_B%C5%ABzj%C4%81n%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī">Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī</a> – (10 June 940 – 15 July 998) was a <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_al-Nishaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim al-Nishaburi">Hakim al-Nishaburi</a> – (933–1012), was a Sunni scholar and historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi</a> – Isma'ili theologian and historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%27%C4%81lib%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tha'ālibī">Tha'ālibī</a> - (961–1038), Muslim philologist, writer and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_%27Imad_al-Din" title="Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din">Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din</a> – was a Persian physician and alchemist. He was probably from Nishapur in the 11th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Sadiq" title="Ibn Abi Sadiq">Ibn Abi Sadiq</a> – was an 11th-century Persian physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB-Sa%27%C4%ABd_Abul-Khayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr">Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr</a> – (December 7, 967 – January 12, 1049) was a famous Persian Sufi and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> (1028–1085 CE) was a Sunni Shafi'i Faqih and Mutakallim.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Muhammad_al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi">Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi</a> – was an 11th-century Islamic scholar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Kar%C4%ABm_ibn_Haw%C4%81zin_Qushayri" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin Qushayri">Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin Qushayri</a> – was born in 986 CE (376 AH), Philosopher and Sufi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Khayyám">Omar Khayyám</a> – (18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian polymath, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghafir_al-Farsi" title="Abd al-Ghafir al-Farsi">Abd al-Ghafir al-Farsi</a> – (1059-1135), Persian scholar of Arabic, history and hadith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27izzi" title="Mu'izzi">Mu'izzi</a> – was an 11th and 12th-centuries poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bektash_Veli" title="Haji Bektash Veli">Haji Bektash Veli</a> – was a Muslim mystic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a> – (c. 1145 – c. 1221), was a Muslim poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Habib_Neishapuri" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri">Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishapuri</a> – physician mid-15th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadat_Ali_Khan_I" title="Saadat Ali Khan I">Saadat Ali Khan I</a> – (b. c. 1680 – d. 19 March 1739) was the Subahdar Nawab of <a href="/wiki/Oudh" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudh">Oudh</a>. All the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Oudh State</a> in India belonged to a Shia Muslim dynasty of Persian origin from Nishapur. They were known for their <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a> and broad outlook. After they rebelled against the British their state was annexed to form the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Provinces of Agra and Oudh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Hussain_Musavi" title="Hamid Hussain Musavi">Hamid Hussain Musavi</a> – (born 1830 – died 1880) was a leading Shia scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Yaghma" title="Heydar Yaghma">Heydar Yaghma</a> – poet and literary editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badi%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Badi'">Badi'</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolghasem_Sakhdari" title="Abolghasem Sakhdari">Abolghasem Sakhdari</a> – wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Khani" title="Saeed Khani">Saeed Khani</a> – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghoub_Ali_Shourvarzi" title="Yaghoub Ali Shourvarzi">Yaghoub Ali Shourvarzi</a> – wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur-Ali_Shushtari" title="Nur-Ali Shushtari">Nur-Ali Shushtari</a> – (c. 1948 – d. 18 October 2009) was a brigadier general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmail_Shooshtari" title="Esmail Shooshtari">Esmail Shooshtari</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Meshkatian" title="Parviz Meshkatian">Parviz Meshkatian</a> –</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Reza_Shafiei_Kadkani" title="Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani">Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani</a> – (born 1939) is a Persian writer, poet, literary critic, editor, and translator.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Vahid_Khorasani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Vahid Khorasani">Hossein Vahid Khorasani</a>‍—‌(born January 1, 1921) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolreza_Kahani" title="Abdolreza Kahani">Abdolreza Kahani</a>‍—‌ Director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamed_Behdad" title="Hamed Behdad">Hamed Behdad</a>‍—‌(1973–) Actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythology_and_religion">Mythology and religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Mythology and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="fa:نیشابور">the corresponding article</a> in Persian</b>.  <i><small>(June 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Persian Wikipedia article at [[:fa:نیشابور]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fa|نیشابور}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Nishapur" title="Talk:Nishapur">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%282%29.jpg/250px-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%282%29.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%282%29.jpg/500px-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5359" data-file-height="3573" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qadamgah" title="Qadamgah">Qadamgah</a>, a city and a <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> pilgrimage. It is historically part of the Greater Region of the city of Nishapur. It is now legally a separated <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a> (Shahrestan) though its people have close ties and relatives with the main bigger city of Nishapur which is geographically close to it. <a href="/wiki/Qadamgah" title="Qadamgah">Qadamgah</a> used to be a part of the administrative <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">county of Nishapur</a>.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nishapur has been of importance in <a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Iranian mythology</a>. Before the <a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Iran" title="Islamization of Iran">Islamization of Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> had been the major religion of Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wine_of_Wisdom_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wine_of_Wisdom-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Avestan_geography" title="Avestan geography">Rivand</a> (one of the ancient names of Nishapur) has been mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently in <a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adur_Burzen-Mihr" title="Adur Burzen-Mihr">Adur Burzen-Mihr</a> a Zoroastrian <a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">fire temple</a> of the highest grade was situated in Rivand Mountains (<a href="/wiki/Binalud_Mountains" title="Binalud Mountains">Binalud mountains</a>) of Nishapur and the lake Rivand of Nishapur was built due to a fight between <a href="/wiki/Ahriman" title="Ahriman">Ahriman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> (probably by water it was meant <a href="/wiki/Anahita" title="Anahita">Anahita</a> in the Persian text of the Persian wiki). Also, according to <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Hakim Nishapuri</a>, <a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%98_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="fa:دژ سنگی">Dež-e Sɑngi</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a> on a giant round soft (flat) stone<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (June 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are also signs of the influence of <a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="fa:مسیحیت در نیشابور">Christianity in Nishapur</a> (a street in Nishapur has been called and is still called <a href="/wiki/Masih" title="Masih">Masih</a> and also a village on the south of the city was called Masih Abad). After the <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">rise of Islam</a> however, the people living in and near the city of Neyshabur became <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>. Nishapur and its people have also had an influence on <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> (an Islamic <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> practice). Poets and Sufis such as <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a> who had been born in this city had had a profound influence on <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Islamic mysticism</a>. In the 10th century, Nishapur had been one of the centers of <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'ilism">Ismaili</a> missionary spread in Iran and Greater Khorasan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Ismailis of Nishapur now live in <a href="/wiki/Dizbad-e_Olya" title="Dizbad-e Olya">Dizbad</a> and some in the main city itself.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama'at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a> <a href="/wiki/Dizbad-e_Olya" title="Dizbad-e Olya">Dizbad</a> is the most important Ismaili center in Nishapur today. From the third to the sixth of Hejri Ghamari, Nishapur was one of the centers of <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>. Most Sufis and Sufi elders in Nishapur were <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnis</a> and followers of the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i school</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 10th century, Nishapur was a thriving economic center home to many religious scholars and artists. Nishapur was located along the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>. An influential trade route connecting China to the Mediterranean Sea. It was a center for cotton, silk, textile and ceramic production. In efforts to uncover the history of life in this city, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> put together an excavation team composed of researchers Joseph Upton, Walter Hauser and Charles Wilkinson. From 1935 to 1940, the team worked to rediscover the ancient city. They were authorized to work under the conditions that half of the material found must be shared with the Iran Bastan Museum in Tehran.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Metropolitan_Museum's_Excavations_at_Nishapur_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Metropolitan_Museum's_Excavations_at_Nishapur-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with pottery, excavators uncovered glass, metalwork, coins and decorated wall fragments. Over the years of excavations, thousands of items were uncovered which provided information on local artistic traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Nishapur:_Pottery_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nishapur:_Pottery_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tepe_Madraseh">Tepe Madraseh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Tepe Madraseh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most elaborate architectural excavation took place at the site called Tepe Madraseh. This massive complex had been thoughtfully planned and embellished with many decorative elements. Plaster panels had been carved and painted, along with walls, brickwork and glazed ceramic tiles. A madraseh is a place for religious learning. Such sites have piqued the interest of scholars for centuries for their function and architectural designs. Like most Islamic architecture the entire complex of Tepe Madaseh was oriented to face <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>. The bricks used to construct most of the structures had been dried in the kilns located on the outskirts of the complex.<sup id="cite_ref-Nishapur:_Some_Early_Islamic_Buildings_and_Their_Decoration_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nishapur:_Some_Early_Islamic_Buildings_and_Their_Decoration-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pottery">Pottery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Pottery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nishapur during the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a>, especially the 9th and 10th centuries, was one of the great centers of <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> and related arts.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Ceramic artifacts discovered in Nishapur are preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> and Museums in Nishapur, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>. Ceramics produced at Nishapur showed links with <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid art">Sassanid art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Asian">Central Asian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays there are 4 Pottery workshops in Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowls including bold black inscriptions in the so-called <a href="/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">Kufic angular calligraphy</a> were apparently produced in the important ceramic centers of Nishapur in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iran" title="Eastern Iran">eastern Iran</a>, and Afrasiyab, or Old Samarqand, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>. The text often contains a proverb in Arabic or, as in this case, a series of wishes: "Blessing, happiness, prosperity, good health, and success." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Form_and_function_of_Nishapur_pottery">Form and function of Nishapur pottery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Form and function of Nishapur pottery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Although the decoration of pottery may only tell us a little about the people who used it, the form of a vessel is directly related to its function".<sup id="cite_ref-Nishapur:_Pottery_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nishapur:_Pottery_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pottery of Nishapur incorporated strong colored <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_slip" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramic slip">slips</a> and bold patterns. Common decoration included geometric and vegetal patterns, calligraphy, figures and animals.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Metropolitan_Museum's_Excavations_at_Nishapur_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Metropolitan_Museum's_Excavations_at_Nishapur-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceramic pieces uncovered at Nishapur consisted mainly of vessels and utilitarian wares. Objects such as plates, bowls, bottles, jars, pitchers, coin banks and even a toy hen were found. One decorative technique specifically utilized by Nishapur potters was the refined use of chattering, a rippled texture achieved when trimming a vessel on the wheel.<sup id="cite_ref-Nishapur:_Pottery_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nishapur:_Pottery_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">polychrome</a> ware of Nishapur indicates the significant advances in <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_glaze" title="Ceramic glaze">glaze</a> technology that were being discovered during the 10th century. It also indicates how an objects <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetic</a> became an important part of the piece as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-Feasts_of_Nishapur:_Cultural_Resonances_of_Tenth-Century_Ceramic_Production_in_Khurasan_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feasts_of_Nishapur:_Cultural_Resonances_of_Tenth-Century_Ceramic_Production_in_Khurasan-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A selection of these discoveries is shown in the gallery below:</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thr_muze_art_islam_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bowl painted on slip under transparent glaze (polychrome), Nishabur, 9th or 10th century. National Museum of Iran, Tehran."><img alt="Bowl painted on slip under transparent glaze (polychrome), Nishabur, 9th or 10th century. National Museum of Iran, Tehran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Thr_muze_art_islam_7.jpg/135px-Thr_muze_art_islam_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Thr_muze_art_islam_7.jpg/202px-Thr_muze_art_islam_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Thr_muze_art_islam_7.jpg/270px-Thr_muze_art_islam_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bowl painted on slip under transparent glaze (<a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">polychrome</a>), Nishabur, 9th or 10th century. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cup_votive_inscriptions_MET_40-170-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bowl with Kufic Inscriptions found in the archeological excavations of Nishapur. The Middle East Institute's logo has been inspired by this bowl. This bowl is currently held in the Met."><img alt="Bowl with Kufic Inscriptions found in the archeological excavations of Nishapur. The Middle East Institute's logo has been inspired by this bowl. This bowl is currently held in the Met." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cup_votive_inscriptions_MET_40-170-15.jpg/250px-Cup_votive_inscriptions_MET_40-170-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cup_votive_inscriptions_MET_40-170-15.jpg/330px-Cup_votive_inscriptions_MET_40-170-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cup_votive_inscriptions_MET_40-170-15.jpg/500px-Cup_votive_inscriptions_MET_40-170-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bowl with <a href="/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">Kufic Inscriptions</a> found in the archeological excavations of Nishapur. The <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Institute" title="Middle East Institute">Middle East Institute</a>'s logo has been inspired by this bowl. This bowl is currently held in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">the Met</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 133.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 131.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.11_(2_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)"><img alt="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.11_%282_of_2%29.jpg/250px-Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.11_%282_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.11_%282_of_2%29.jpg/330px-Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.11_%282_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.11_%282_of_2%29.jpg/500px-Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.11_%282_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery of Nishapur in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> (10th - 11th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.10_(1_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)"><img alt="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.10_%281_of_2%29.jpg/250px-Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.10_%281_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.10_%281_of_2%29.jpg/330px-Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.10_%281_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.10_%281_of_2%29.jpg/500px-Bowl_LACMA_M.68.22.10_%281_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1873" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery of Nishapur in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> (10th - 11th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran,_nishapur,_coppa,_x_sec_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)"><img alt="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Iran%2C_nishapur%2C_coppa%2C_x_sec_04.JPG/250px-Iran%2C_nishapur%2C_coppa%2C_x_sec_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="128" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Iran%2C_nishapur%2C_coppa%2C_x_sec_04.JPG/330px-Iran%2C_nishapur%2C_coppa%2C_x_sec_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Iran%2C_nishapur%2C_coppa%2C_x_sec_04.JPG/500px-Iran%2C_nishapur%2C_coppa%2C_x_sec_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1206" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery of Nishapur in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> (10th - 11th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowl_LACMA_M.73.5.203.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)"><img alt="Pottery of Nishapur in the Islamic Golden Age (10th - 11th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bowl_LACMA_M.73.5.203.jpg/187px-Bowl_LACMA_M.73.5.203.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bowl_LACMA_M.73.5.203.jpg/281px-Bowl_LACMA_M.73.5.203.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bowl_LACMA_M.73.5.203.jpg/374px-Bowl_LACMA_M.73.5.203.jpg 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pottery of Nishapur in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> (10th - 11th century)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cup_votive_inscription_MET_37-40-22.Jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cup with votive inscriptions in Kufic script. Terracotta, slipped decoration on slip, underglaze painted. 10th-11th century, Nishapur. Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Cup with votive inscriptions in Kufic script. Terracotta, slipped decoration on slip, underglaze painted. 10th-11th century, Nishapur. Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cup_votive_inscription_MET_37-40-22.Jpg/271px-Cup_votive_inscription_MET_37-40-22.Jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cup_votive_inscription_MET_37-40-22.Jpg/406px-Cup_votive_inscription_MET_37-40-22.Jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cup_votive_inscription_MET_37-40-22.Jpg/541px-Cup_votive_inscription_MET_37-40-22.Jpg 2x" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="1830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cup with votive inscriptions in <a href="/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">Kufic script</a>. Terracotta, slipped decoration on slip, underglaze painted. 10th-11th century, Nishapur. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthem_of_Nishapur">Anthem of Nishapur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Anthem of Nishapur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The special Anthem of Nishapur was unveiled for the first time on April 14, 2011;<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has introduction and three parts, noted on three invasive and destructive in the history of Nishapur, delineated by frightening sounds of bells, along with sounds of percussion and wailing women represent the miseries caused by these attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellpadding="6"> <tbody><tr> <th>Persian original </th> <th>Romanization </th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="direction:rtl"><div title="Persian-language text"><div lang="fa" dir="rtl"> <dl><dd>ای پایتخت اول ایرانی من</dd> <dd>ای آسمانت فرصتِ بارانی من</dd> <dd>«فیروزه» ات نقش نگین مهربانی</dd> <dd>اندیشه های مردمانت آسمانی</dd> <dd>روییده در هر گوشه ات گل‌های احساس</dd> <dd>خرداد «بینالود» تو سرشار «ریواس»</dd> <dd>شرمنده از کردار خود «تاتار» و «چنگیز»</dd> <dd>پاینده باشی ای «ابرشهر» هنرخیز</dd> <dd>در کوچه باغت مانده رد پایی از ماه</dd> <dd>گل کرده در چشمان تو نام «قدمگاه»</dd></dl></div></div> </td> <td> <dl><dd>Ey pâyetaxt-e aval-e irâni-ye man</dd> <dd>Ey asemânat forsat-e bârâni-ye man</dd> <dd>Firuzeh at naqš-e negin-e mehrabâni</dd> <dd>Andiše-hâ-ye mardomânat asemâni</dd> <dd>Ruyiyedeh dar har guše at gol-hâ-ye ehsâs</dd> <dd>Xordâd-e binâlud-e to saršâr-e rivâs</dd> <dd>Šarmande az kerdâr-e xod tâtâr o Čangiz</dd> <dd>Pâyandeh bâshi ey baršahr-e honar xiz</dd> <dd>Dar kuče bâqat mânde rad-e pâyi az mâh</dd> <dd>Gol kardeh dar češmân-e to nâmeh Qadamgâh</dd></dl> </td> <td> <dl><dd>O my <a href="/wiki/Tahirid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahirid">Iranian first capital</a></dd> <dd>O your sky my rainy time</dd> <dd>your Turquoise, pattern of kindness ring</dd> <dd>Your People's thoughts Heavenly</dd> <dd>Sprouting in your every corner flowers of love</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khordad" title="Khordad">Khordad</a> of your Binalud full of rhubarb,</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongolians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolians">Tartar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genghis" class="mw-redirect" title="Genghis">Genghis</a> ashamed of their actions</dd> <dd>May you stand proud, you <a href="#Arts">Art fertile</a> land</dd> <dd>The moon left footsteps in your gardens</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Qadamgah" title="Qadamgah">Qadamgah</a>'s name has bloomed in your eyes</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/220px-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/330px-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/440px-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A poem in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> written in <a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nasaliq</a> script. This poem is written for/about the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a> in Nishapur.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout history, Nishapur has been mentioned and praised in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a> for several times (Mostly due to its prosperity and <a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">gardens</a>). This city has been the birthplace and home of many famous Persian poets such as <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heydar_Yaghma" title="Heydar Yaghma">Heydar Yaghma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Reza_Shafiei_Kadkani" title="Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani">Shafiei Kadkani</a> and more. Foreign writers such as <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a> (in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fruits_of_the_Earth" title="The Fruits of the Earth">The Fruits of the Earth</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> have also mentioned this city in their work(s). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout history, music in Nishapur has been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_music" title="Sasanian music">Sassanid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Maqami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">traditional styles</a> and is a part of the Khorasani Folk Music that has been popular in Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the UNESCO World Register of Maqami Music in Northern Khorasan, research on music in Nishapur has been considered. Maghami music festivals have been also active in Nishapur. One of the oldest study sources related to Iranian music is Resal-e Neyshaburi (in Persian:رساله نیشابور) written by <a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="fa:محمد بن محمود بن محمد نیشابوری">Mohammad bin Mahmoud of Nishapur</a>, which highlights the importance of music in old Nishapur.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the influential people of Nishapur in music <a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="fa:راتبه نیشابوری">Ratebe Neyshaburi</a> (during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirids</a>), and the contemporary <a href="/wiki/Parviz_Meshkatian" title="Parviz Meshkatian">Parviz Meshkatian</a> can be named. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_influences">Other influences</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Other influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a> released an instrumental track entitled "Blue as the Turquoise Night of Neyshabur" as part of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Silk Road Project">Silk Road Project</a>.</li> <li>US band <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a> released an instrumental track entitled "<a href="/wiki/Incident_at_Neshabur" title="Incident at Neshabur">Incident at Neshabur</a>" on their 1970 LP release, <i><a href="/wiki/Abraxas_(album)" title="Abraxas (album)">Abraxas</a></i>. Carlos Santana says this was a reference to a place in Haiti.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg/220px-Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg/330px-Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg/440px-Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3905" data-file-height="2972" /></a><figcaption>Chess set (<a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">Shatrang</a>); Gaming pieces. 12th century, Nishapur glazed <a href="/wiki/Fritware" title="Fritware">fritware</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/15th_World_Scout_Jamboree_(cancelled)" title="15th World Scout Jamboree (cancelled)">15th World Scout Jamboree</a> was scheduled to be held 15–23 July 1979 and was to be hosted by <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Pahlavi Iran</a> at Nishapur, but was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a> in 1979. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nishapur is included as a playable setting in a historical video game series called ''<a href="/wiki/Crusader_Kings_III" title="Crusader Kings III">Crusader Kings</a>''.</li> <li>Nishapur is included as a playable setting in a historical video game called ''Historinica''.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_and_cinema">Films and cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Films and cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paintings">Paintings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:318px;max-width:318px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WILLIAM_SIMPSON,_FRGS_RI_(1823-1899).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/WILLIAM_SIMPSON%2C_FRGS_RI_%281823-1899%29.jpg/160px-WILLIAM_SIMPSON%2C_FRGS_RI_%281823-1899%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/WILLIAM_SIMPSON%2C_FRGS_RI_%281823-1899%29.jpg/240px-WILLIAM_SIMPSON%2C_FRGS_RI_%281823-1899%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/WILLIAM_SIMPSON%2C_FRGS_RI_%281823-1899%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/William_Simpson_(Scottish_artist)" title="William Simpson (Scottish artist)">William Simpson</a>'s painting of the Khayyam Tomb & Imamzadeh Mahrugh in the 19th century (Nishapur).</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_Tomb_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_by_Jay_Hambidge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/At_the_Tomb_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_by_Jay_Hambidge.jpg/150px-At_the_Tomb_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_by_Jay_Hambidge.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/At_the_Tomb_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_by_Jay_Hambidge.jpg/225px-At_the_Tomb_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_by_Jay_Hambidge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/At_the_Tomb_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_by_Jay_Hambidge.jpg/300px-At_the_Tomb_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_by_Jay_Hambidge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hambidge" title="Jay Hambidge">Jay Hambidge</a>'s Painting of Khayyam Tomb & Imamzadeh Mahrugh (Nishapur).</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_and_cultural_days">Local and cultural days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Local and cultural days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:88%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Day </th> <th>Calendar </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F3F2EF"> <td><a href="/wiki/Farvardin" title="Farvardin"> Farvardin 1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F8F1E3"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sizdah_Be-dar" title="Sizdah Be-dar">Farvardin 13</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sizdah_Be-dar" title="Sizdah Be-dar">Sizdah Be-dar</a>, Day of Nature</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F3F2EF"> <td><a href="/wiki/Farvardin" title="Farvardin">Farvardin 25</a></td> <td>Respect day for <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ordibehesht" title="Ordibehesht">Ordibehesht 28</a></td> <td>Respect day for <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tir_(month)" title="Tir (month)">Tir 10</a></td> <td>Remembrance day for <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Ridha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali al-Ridha">Imam Ali al-Ridha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mordad" title="Mordad">Mordad 2</a></td> <td>Sympathy day for the victims of <a href="/wiki/Buzhan,_Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzhan, Razavi Khorasan">Boozhan</a> flood</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azar" title="Azar">Azar 30</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yald%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaldā">Night of Yalda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahman" title="Bahman">Bahman 29</a></td> <td>Sympathy day the victims of <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_train_disaster" title="Nishapur train disaster">Nishapur train disaster</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esfand" title="Esfand">Last Wednesday of Esfand</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaharshanbe_Suri" title="Chaharshanbe Suri">Chaharshanbe Suri</a> Festival</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esfand" title="Esfand">Esfand 29</a></td> <td>Celebrate the end of winter</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Hijri Calendar">Solar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram 10</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mourning_of_Muharram" title="Mourning of Muharram">Remembrance of Muharram</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safar" title="Safar">Safar 20</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een">Arba'een</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rabi%27_al-awwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi' al-awwal">Rabi' al-awwal 17</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajab" title="Rajab">Rajab 25</a></td> <td>Respect day for <a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a>, death of <a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kadhim" class="mw-redirect" title="Musa al-Kadhim">Musa al-Kadhim</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sha%27aban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sha'aban">Sha'aban 14</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid-Sha%27ban" title="Mid-Sha'ban">Borat Nights (3 nights)</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shawwal" title="Shawwal">Shawwal 1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Dhu al-Hijjah 18</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Al-Khumm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghadir Al-Khumm">Eid of Ghadir</a>, Day of Visiting <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sadaat</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy_and_food_culture">Gastronomy and food culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Gastronomy and food culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_and_Tray_-_Bazaar_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Night_-_Nishapur_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tea_and_Tray_-_Bazaar_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Night_-_Nishapur_2.JPG/250px-Tea_and_Tray_-_Bazaar_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Night_-_Nishapur_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tea_and_Tray_-_Bazaar_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Night_-_Nishapur_2.JPG/330px-Tea_and_Tray_-_Bazaar_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Night_-_Nishapur_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Tea_and_Tray_-_Bazaar_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Night_-_Nishapur_2.JPG/500px-Tea_and_Tray_-_Bazaar_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Night_-_Nishapur_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tea_culture#Tea_culture_of_Iran" title="Tea culture">tea tray</a> served near the Garden of <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most important foods and drinks in Nishapur are <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">sharbat</a>. Rhubarb (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">rivaas</i></span> or <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">rivand</i></span>'), a sour vegetable, grows at the foot of the eponymous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rivand_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rivand Mountains (page does not exist)">Rivand Mountains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Binalud" title="Mount Binalud">Mount Binalud</a>). Soft drinks made from the stems of the plant, such as <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">sharbate rivaas</i></span> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">شربت ریواس</span></span>) and <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">khoshaabe rivaas</i></span> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خوشاب ریواس</span></span>), are sold at some Nishapur resorts. ''Aush Komay'' is also a local <a href="/wiki/Aush" title="Aush">Aush</a> made from a vegetable called ''کمای''. <a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a> of Neyshabur is also popular in the region along with other common <a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_foods" title="List of Iranian foods">Iranian foods</a> and drinks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carpet-weaving">Carpet-weaving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Carpet-weaving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weaving carpets and rugs common in the more than 470 villages in <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Nishapur County</a>, the most important carpet Workshop located in the villages of: <a href="/wiki/Shafiabad,_Nishapur" title="Shafiabad, Nishapur">Shafi' Abad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garineh" title="Garineh">Garineh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darrud" title="Darrud">Darrud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghshan" title="Baghshan">Baghshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharv" title="Kharv">Kharv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bozghan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozghan">Bozghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seyyedabad,_Nishapur" title="Seyyedabad, Nishapur">Sayyed Abad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sar_Chah,_Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sar Chah, Razavi Khorasan">Sar Chah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soleymani,_Nishapur" title="Soleymani, Nishapur">Suleymani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soltanabad,_Nishapur" title="Soltanabad, Nishapur">Sultan Abad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eshaqabad,_Nishapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Eshaqabad, Nishapur">Eshgh Abad</a>. Nishapur Carpet workshops weaved the biggest Carpets in the world, like carpets of: <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Zayed_Grand_Mosque" title="Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque">Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Qaboos_Grand_Mosque" title="Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque">Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Yerevan" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Palace, Yerevan">Armenian Presidential Palace</a>, Embassy of Finland in Tehran, Mohammed Al-Ameen Mosque in <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern art of carpet in Nishapur began in 1946 after <a href="/wiki/Inauguration" title="Inauguration">inauguration</a> of a carpet-weaving workshop in a <a href="/wiki/Caravansary" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravansary">caravansary</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turquoise_masonry">Turquoise masonry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Turquoise masonry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turquoise_of_Nishapur_-_village_of_Ma%27dan_14.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Turquoise of Nishapur in Madan-e Olya of Nishapur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Turquoise_of_Nishapur_-_village_of_Ma%27dan_14.JPG/220px-Turquoise_of_Nishapur_-_village_of_Ma%27dan_14.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Turquoise_of_Nishapur_-_village_of_Ma%27dan_14.JPG/330px-Turquoise_of_Nishapur_-_village_of_Ma%27dan_14.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Turquoise_of_Nishapur_-_village_of_Ma%27dan_14.JPG/440px-Turquoise_of_Nishapur_-_village_of_Ma%27dan_14.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a> of Nishapur (<a href="/wiki/Madan-e_Olya" title="Madan-e Olya">Madan-e Olya</a> of Nishapur)</figcaption></figure> <p>For at least 2,000 years, Iran, known before as <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, has remained an important source of turquoise, which was named by Iranians initially "pirouzeh" meaning "victory" and later after Arab invasion "firouzeh".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As an important source of turquoise, Nishapur has been sometimes referred to as the "city of turquoise" throughout history.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In Iranian architecture, the blue turquoise was used to cover the domes of the Iranian palaces because its intense blue color was also a symbol of heaven on earth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This deposit, which is blue naturally, and turns green when heated due to dehydration, is restricted to a mine-riddled region in Nishapur, the 2,012-metre (6,601 ft) mountain peak of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali-mersai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali-mersai (page does not exist)">Ali-mersai</a>, which is tens of kilometers from <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_province" title="Khorasan province">Khorasan province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Nishapur's turquoise has been sold as souvenirs and jewelry in Nishapur and Mashhad. A weathered and broken <a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">trachyte</a> is host to the turquoise, which is found both <i>in situ</i> between layers of limonite and sandstone, and amongst the <a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">scree</a> at the mountain's base. These workings, together with those of the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, are the oldest known. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture_and_monuments">Architecture and monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Architecture and monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A selection of historical buildings and monuments of the city is shown in the city info box on the top of this article, and on the gallery below: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Picture_of_Qadamgah_Mosque_of_Nishapur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qadamgah Shia pilgrimage of Nishapur, Probably in 1960s or 50s"><img alt="Qadamgah Shia pilgrimage of Nishapur, Probably in 1960s or 50s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Old_Picture_of_Qadamgah_Mosque_of_Nishapur.jpg/127px-Old_Picture_of_Qadamgah_Mosque_of_Nishapur.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Old_Picture_of_Qadamgah_Mosque_of_Nishapur.jpg/191px-Old_Picture_of_Qadamgah_Mosque_of_Nishapur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Old_Picture_of_Qadamgah_Mosque_of_Nishapur.jpg/255px-Old_Picture_of_Qadamgah_Mosque_of_Nishapur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4992" data-file-height="7040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 65px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Qadamgah" title="Qadamgah">Qadamgah</a> Shia pilgrimage of Nishapur, Probably in 1960s or 50s</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attar2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Attar & Kamal ol Molk. Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="Tomb of Attar & Kamal ol Molk. Part of the national heritage list of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Attar2.jpg/301px-Attar2.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Attar2.jpg/452px-Attar2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Attar2.jpg/602px-Attar2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4908" data-file-height="2936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 181px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur">Tomb of Attar</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-molk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk">Kamal ol Molk</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%86_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fadhl Ibn Shazan tomb & mosque interior. Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="Fadhl Ibn Shazan tomb & mosque interior. Part of the national heritage list of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%86_4.jpg/269px-%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%86_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%86_4.jpg/404px-%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%86_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%86_4.jpg/538px-%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%86_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Al-Fadl_ibn_Shadhan" title="Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan">Fadhl Ibn Shazan</a> tomb & mosque interior. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Al-Mahruq_Mosque_before_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imamzadeh Mahruq before 1900."><img alt="Imamzadeh Mahruq before 1900." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mohammad_Al-Mahruq_Mosque_before_1900.jpg/250px-Mohammad_Al-Mahruq_Mosque_before_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mohammad_Al-Mahruq_Mosque_before_1900.jpg/330px-Mohammad_Al-Mahruq_Mosque_before_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Mohammad_Al-Mahruq_Mosque_before_1900.jpg/500px-Mohammad_Al-Mahruq_Mosque_before_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 97px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh_Mahruq" title="Imamzadeh Mahruq">Imamzadeh Mahruq</a> before 1900.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heydar_Yaghma_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Heydar Yaghma. Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="Tomb of Heydar Yaghma. Part of the national heritage list of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Heydar_Yaghma_tomb.jpg/330px-Heydar_Yaghma_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Heydar_Yaghma_tomb.jpg/500px-Heydar_Yaghma_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Heydar_Yaghma_tomb.jpg/960px-Heydar_Yaghma_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="1084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Heydar_Yaghma" title="Heydar Yaghma">Heydar Yaghma</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Nishapur_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior view of Shah Abbasi Caravansarai of Nishapur. Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="Exterior view of Shah Abbasi Caravansarai of Nishapur. Part of the national heritage list of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Nishapur_6.jpg/330px-Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Nishapur_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Nishapur_6.jpg/500px-Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Nishapur_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Nishapur_6.jpg/960px-Abbasi_caravanserai_of_Nishapur_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1231" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 176px"><div class="gallerytext">Exterior view of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Abbasi_Caravansarai,_Nishapur" title="Shah Abbasi Caravansarai, Nishapur">Shah Abbasi Caravansarai of Nishapur</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 171.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 169.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of the National Garden of Nishapur. Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="Entrance of the National Garden of Nishapur. Part of the national heritage list of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg/330px-Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg/500px-Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg/960px-Entrance_of_Baghmeli_in_Nishapur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3344" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 150px"><div class="gallerytext">Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_Nishapur" title="National Garden of Nishapur">National Garden of Nishapur</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Planetarium_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Nishapur_28.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dome of the Complex of Khayyam Planetarium, near Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Planetarium_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Nishapur_28.JPG/330px-Planetarium_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Nishapur_28.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Planetarium_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Nishapur_28.JPG/500px-Planetarium_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Nishapur_28.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Planetarium_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Nishapur_28.JPG/960px-Planetarium_of_Omar_Khayyam_-_Nishapur_28.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 194px"><div class="gallerytext">Dome of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Complex_of_Khayyam_Planetarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Complex of Khayyam Planetarium (page does not exist)">Complex of Khayyam Planetarium</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wooden_Village,_Nishapur_1395-09-02_2281911.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The interior of the Wooden Mosque of Neyshabur"><img alt="The interior of the Wooden Mosque of Neyshabur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Wooden_Village%2C_Nishapur_1395-09-02_2281911.jpg/270px-Wooden_Village%2C_Nishapur_1395-09-02_2281911.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Wooden_Village%2C_Nishapur_1395-09-02_2281911.jpg/405px-Wooden_Village%2C_Nishapur_1395-09-02_2281911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Wooden_Village%2C_Nishapur_1395-09-02_2281911.jpg/540px-Wooden_Village%2C_Nishapur_1395-09-02_2281911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">The interior of the <a href="/wiki/Wooden_Mosque" title="Wooden Mosque">Wooden Mosque of Neyshabur</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_monuments_of_the_city_gates_of_Nishapur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monuments of the city gates of Nishapur which were built in the 1980s. Nishapur (2022). Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="Monuments of the city gates of Nishapur which were built in the 1980s. Nishapur (2022). Part of the national heritage list of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_monuments_of_the_city_gates_of_Nishapur.jpg/250px-The_monuments_of_the_city_gates_of_Nishapur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_monuments_of_the_city_gates_of_Nishapur.jpg/330px-The_monuments_of_the_city_gates_of_Nishapur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_monuments_of_the_city_gates_of_Nishapur.jpg/500px-The_monuments_of_the_city_gates_of_Nishapur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2372" data-file-height="2372" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 100px"><div class="gallerytext">Monuments of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=City_gates_of_Nishapur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City gates of Nishapur (page does not exist)">city gates of Nishapur</a> which were built in the 1980s. Nishapur (2022). Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_.%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lak Lak Ashian Castle (Qajar Iran 19th century). Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="Lak Lak Ashian Castle (Qajar Iran 19th century). Part of the national heritage list of Iran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_.%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/330px-%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_.%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_.%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/500px-%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_.%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_.%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg/960px-%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_.%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lak_Lak_Ashian" title="Lak Lak Ashian">Lak Lak Ashian</a> Castle (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran 19th century</a>). Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:295A6372.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khanate Mansion & Garden of Amin Islami. Part of the national heritage list of Iran."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/295A6372.jpg/330px-295A6372.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/295A6372.jpg/500px-295A6372.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/295A6372.jpg/960px-295A6372.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5529" data-file-height="3686" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Khanate_Mansion_and_Garden_of_Amin_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanate Mansion and Garden of Amin Islami">Khanate Mansion & Garden of Amin Islami</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage list of Iran</a>.</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> saw Nishapur and wrote about it in <a href="/wiki/Safarnama" title="Safarnama">Safarnama</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Valentine_Williams_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Valentine Williams Jackson">Abraham Valentine Williams Jackson</a> in "From Constantinople to the home of Omar Khayyam" explain ending of his Travel in Nishapur.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools,_universities_and_colleges"><span id="Schools.2C_universities_and_colleges"></span>Schools, universities and colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Schools, universities and colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="High_schools">High schools</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: High schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omar_Khayyam_High_School_(Dabirestan)_-_morning_-_Nishapur_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Omar_Khayyam_High_School_%28Dabirestan%29_-_morning_-_Nishapur_02.JPG/220px-Omar_Khayyam_High_School_%28Dabirestan%29_-_morning_-_Nishapur_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Omar_Khayyam_High_School_%28Dabirestan%29_-_morning_-_Nishapur_02.JPG/330px-Omar_Khayyam_High_School_%28Dabirestan%29_-_morning_-_Nishapur_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Omar_Khayyam_High_School_%28Dabirestan%29_-_morning_-_Nishapur_02.JPG/440px-Omar_Khayyam_High_School_%28Dabirestan%29_-_morning_-_Nishapur_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Gate of <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam_High_School" title="Omar Khayyam High School">Omar Khayyam High School</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_List" title="Iran National Heritage List">national heritage of Iran</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several high schools in the city and the county. The most famous and the oldest of which is <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam_High_School" title="Omar Khayyam High School">Omar Khayyam High School</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_Neyshabur" title="University of Neyshabur">The University of Neyshabur</a>, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University_of_Nishapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Azad University of Nishapur">the Islamic Azad University of Neyshabur (IAUN)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Payame_Noor_University" title="Payame Noor University">the Payame Noor University of Neyshabur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technical_and_Vocational_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical and Vocational University">the Technical and Vocational University of Neyshabur</a>, are the main universities of the city along with several other public and private technical, vocational, and part-time colleges and schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_centers">Sport centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Sport centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enghelab Sports Complex is an indoor arena in Nishapur. The arena houses Nishapur's basketball, volleyball, and <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a> teams. Nishapur has one professional football team, Jahan Electric Nishapur, that competes in the <a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Razavi Khorasan">Razavi Khorasan's</a> Provincial Leagues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mass_media">Mass media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Mass media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspaper_publishing">Newspaper publishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Newspaper publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General publications in Nishapur includes the weekly and local newspapers. The first local newspaper of <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_province" title="Khorasan province">Khorasan province</a> is <i>Morning of Nishapur</i>, published since 1989. Others include <i>Shadiakh</i>, published since 2000, <i>Khayyam Nameh</i>, since 2004, <i>Nasim</i>, since 2006, and <i>Far reh Simorgh</i>, since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_Broadcasting">Public Broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Public Broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB center of Mashhad</a> covers the news of Nishapur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printing">Printing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Printing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two book <a href="/wiki/Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Publishers">publishers</a> working in the city are <i>Klidar</i> & <i>Abar Shahr</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Iran" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran">List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran</a></div> <p>Nishapur is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, Iraq</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, Afghanistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, Iraq</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, Uzbekistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, Afghanistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, Afghanistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>, Tunisia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>, Iraq</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a>, Uzbekistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khoy" title="Khoy">Khoy</a>, Iran</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khujand" title="Khujand">Khujand</a>, Tajikistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, Turkey</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kulab,_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulab, Tajikistan">Kulob</a>, Tajikistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, Turkmenistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, Uzbekistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shahin_Shahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahin Shahr">Shahin Shahr</a>, Iran<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Burzen-Mihr" title="Adur Burzen-Mihr">Adur Burzen-Mihr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Neyshabur county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam Neyshaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">The Great Seljuik Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Neyshabur" title="University of Neyshabur">University of Neyshabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University_Neyshabur_Branch" title="Islamic Azad University Neyshabur Branch">IAUN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeedi_Garden" title="Saeedi Garden">Saeedi Garden</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nishapur" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nishapur">Nishapur</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p><p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nishapur" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Nishapur">Nishapur</a> at Wikiquote </p><p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nishapur#Q131350" class="extiw" title="voy:Nishapur">Nishapur</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <a href="/wiki/Romanize" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanize">romanized</a> as <b>Neyshapur</b>, <b>Nišâpur</b>, and <b>Nişapur</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-GEOnet_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GEOnet-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Nishapur" is closer to its original and historic meaning, though it is less commonly used by modern native Persian speakers. In <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian poetry</a>, the name of the city is written and pronounced as "نِشابور" (without the usage of "پ" or "ب"). In modern times and among the general public and the Persian mass media, "نیشابور" is the most commonly used pronunciation and spelling of the city, though "نیشاپور" is also correct. Officially (نیشابور), romanized as <b>Neyshabur</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also romanized as <b>Nīshābūr</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-GEOnet_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GEOnet-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Persian language">Middle Persian</a>: <span lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭭𐭩𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩</span>, meaning "The New City of <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur</a>" or "The Fair Shapur"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally in <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a>, though some regions near the West of the city are now called Reyvand (ریوند) which is directly derived from "Raēvant". Source: رنبغ دادگی (۱۳۹۰)، بندهش ترجمهٔ گزارنده مهرداد بهار، تهران: انتشارات توس، ص. ص۱۷۲</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dehkhoda.ut.ac.ir/en/dictionary/189391/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE">"شادیاخ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dehkhoda_Dictionary" title="Dehkhoda Dictionary">Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute and International Center for Persian Studies</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dehkhoda+Lexicon+Institute+and+International+Center+for+Persian+Studies&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdehkhoda.ut.ac.ir%2Fen%2Fdictionary%2F189391%2F%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cambridge History of Iran – Volume 1 – Page 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOpenStreetMap_contributors2024" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">OpenStreetMap contributors (3 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.206111&mlon=58.793333&zoom=13#map=13/36.20611/58.79333">"Nishapur, Nishapur County"</a> (Map). <i><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OpenStreetMap&rft.atitle=Nishapur%2C+Nishapur+County&rft.date=2024-11-03&rft.au=OpenStreetMap+contributors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2F%3Fmlat%3D36.206111%26mlon%3D58.793333%26zoom%3D13%23map%3D13%2F36.20611%2F58.79333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irna.ir/news/85241837/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF">"فرماندار جدید نیشابور معرفی شد"</a>. <i>irna.ir</i> (in Persian). 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irna.ir&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%AF&rft.date=2023-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irna.ir%2Fnews%2F85241837%2F%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AC%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25AF-%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2581%25DB%258C-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_Razavi_Khorasan_Province-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220402213121/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_09.xlsx">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Razavi Khorasan Province</a>. <i>amar.org.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_09.xlsx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 2 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1395+%282016%29%3A+Razavi+Khorasan+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2Fcensus%2F1395%2Fresults%2Fabadi%2FCN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_09.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GEOnet-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GEOnet_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GEOnet_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nishapur can be found at <a href="/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a>, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/">this link</a>, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3076915" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neyshabur.ir/home/">"Municipality of Neyshabur"</a>. <i>Municipality of Neyshabur</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Municipality+of+Neyshabur&rft.atitle=Municipality+of+Neyshabur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneyshabur.ir%2Fhome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Honigmann, E.; Bosworth, C.E.. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/nishapur-SIM_5930">Nīs̲h̲āpūr</a>." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 31 December 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khorasan_Province_Structure-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khorasan_Province_Structure_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHabibic._2015" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Habibi, Hassan (c. 2015) [Approved 21 June 1369]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024415/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047">Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad</a>. <i>rc.majlis.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047">the original</a> on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2024</span> – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Approval+of+the+organization+and+chain+of+citizenship+of+the+elements+and+units+of+the+divisions+of+Khorasan+province%2C+centered+in+Mashhad&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Defense+Political+Commission+of+the+Government+Council&rft.aulast=Habibi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frc.majlis.ir%2Ffa%2Flaw%2Fshow%2F113047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Population-and-Housing-Censuses">"Statistical Center of Iran > Population and Housing Censuses"</a>. <i>www.amar.org.ir</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amar.org.ir&rft.atitle=Statistical+Center+of+Iran+%3E+Population+and+Housing+Censuses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2Fenglish%2FPopulation-and-Housing-Censuses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSardar2001" class="citation web cs1">Sardar, Marika (October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nish/hd_nish.htm">"The Metropolitan Museum's Excavations at Nishapur"</a>. <i>The Metropolitan Museum</i> (July 2011 ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum%27s+Excavations+at+Nishapur&rft.date=2001-10&rft.aulast=Sardar&rft.aufirst=Marika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fnish%2Fhd_nish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gia.edu/turquoise-quality-factor">"Turquoise Quality Factors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of_America" title="Gemological Institute of America">Gemological Institute of America</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gemological+Institute+of+America&rft.atitle=Turquoise+Quality+Factors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gia.edu%2Fturquoise-quality-factor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFH._Gaube2014" class="citation web cs1">H. Gaube (10 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/abarsahr">"ABARŠAHR"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=ABAR%C5%A0AHR&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft.au=H.+Gaube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fabarsahr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yC0DEAAAQBAJ&dq=historical++population+of+medieval+iran&pg=PA122"><i>Cities of Medieval Iran</i></a>. BRILL. 11 June 2020. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43433-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43433-2"><bdi>978-90-04-43433-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+Medieval+Iran&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43433-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyC0DEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dhistorical%2B%2Bpopulation%2Bof%2Bmedieval%2Biran%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nishapur-i">"NISHAPUR i. Historical Geography and History to the Beginning of the 20th Century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. 17 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=NISHAPUR+i.+Historical+Geography+and+History+to+the+Beginning+of+the+20th+Century&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fnishapur-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centerx.gseis.ucla.edu/event/sites-of-encounter-baghdad-nishapur-300-1200/">"Sites of Encounter: Baghdad & Nishapur, 300-1200"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> <a href="/wiki/Center_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Center X">Center X</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hawaii.edu&rft.atitle=PRE-20TH+CENTURY+GENOCIDE+AND+MASS+MURDER&rft.aulast=Rummel&rft.aufirst=Rudolph+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaii.edu%2Fpowerkills%2FDBG.CHAP3.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Narrative of the Embassy of <a href="/wiki/Ruy_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Clavijo" title="Ruy González de Clavijo">Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo</a> to the Court of Timour at Samarcand AD 1403-6</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoelle-Karimi2014" class="citation book cs1">Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kdl9oAEACAAJ"><i>The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th-19th Centuries)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austrian Academy of Sciences</a> Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-7202-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-7202-4"><bdi>978-3-7001-7202-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pearl+in+Its+Midst%3A+Herat+and+the+Mapping+of+Khurasan+%2815th-19th+Centuries%29&rft.pub=Austrian+Academy+of+Sciences+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-7001-7202-4&rft.aulast=Noelle-Karimi&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKdl9oAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3498851.stm">"Iran train blast kills hundreds"</a>. 18 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Curzon, <i>Persia and the Persian Question</i>, Vol. I, (Routledge, 2005), 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006_Razavi_Khorasan_Province-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920095433/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/09.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Razavi Khorasan Province</a>. <i>amar.org.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1385+%282006%29%3A+Razavi+Khorasan+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FDesktopModules%2FFTPManager%2Fupload%2Fupload2360%2Fnewjkh%2Fnewjkh%2F09.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011_Razavi_Khorasan_Province-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011_Razavi_Khorasan_Province_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012029/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Razavi-Khorasan.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Razavi Khorasan Province</a>. <i>irandataportal.syr.edu</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Razavi-Khorasan.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 20 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span> – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1390+%282011%29%3A+Razavi+Khorasan+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firandataportal.syr.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FRazavi-Khorasan.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAkabari2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akabari, Amir (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gisoom.com/book/1595879/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85/"><i>History of the Tahirid rule, from the start to the end (تاریخ حکومت طاهریان از آغاز تا انجام )</i></a> (in Persian). Islamic Research Foundation of Astane Quds Razavi, <a href="/wiki/SAMT_(organization)" title="SAMT (organization)">SAMT</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789644448270" title="Special:BookSources/9789644448270"><bdi>9789644448270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Tahirid+rule%2C+from+the+start+to+the+end+%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE+%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%AA%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85+%29&rft.pub=Islamic+Research+Foundation+of+Astane+Quds+Razavi%2C+SAMT&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9789644448270&rft.aulast=Akabari&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisoom.com%2Fbook%2F1595879%2F%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AE-%25D8%25AD%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A2%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-readersnatural-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-readersnatural_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScheffelWernet1980" class="citation book cs1">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). <i>Natural Wonders of the World</i>. United States of America: <a href="/wiki/Trusted_Media_Brands" title="Trusted Media Brands">Trusted Media Brands</a>. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89577-087-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89577-087-3"><bdi>0-89577-087-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Wonders+of+the+World&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Trusted+Media+Brands&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-89577-087-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1400/03/09/2512165/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA">"مصوبه احداث فرودگاه نیشابور در حال نهایی شدن است"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tasnim_News_Agency" title="Tasnim News Agency">Tasnim News Agency</a></i> (in Persian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tasnim+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasnimnews.com%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F1400%2F03%2F09%2F2512165%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AB-%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587-%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DB%258C-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFbam" class="citation web cs1">bam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oudh.tripod.com/misc/noosec.htm">"Nawabs of Oudh & Their Secularism"</a>. <i>oudh.tripod.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oudh.tripod.com&rft.atitle=Nawabs+of+Oudh+%26+Their+Secularism&rft.au=bam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foudh.tripod.com%2Fmisc%2Fnoosec.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Wine_of_Wisdom-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Wine_of_Wisdom_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mehdi Aminrazavi, <i>The Wine of Wisdom: The Life, Poetry and Philosophy of Omar Khayyam</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oneworld_Publications" title="Oneworld Publications">Oneworld Publications</a> (2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">محمد یوسف کیانی، پایتخت های ایران، ص327</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">اعتضادی، لادن (<bdi>۱۳۷۴</bdi>). «نیشابور (ابرشهر)؛ سیر تحول و اصول ساخت و سازمان شهری». <i>مجموعه مقالات کنگره تاریخ معماری و شهرسازی ایران</i>. <b>اول</b>. تهران: سازمان میراث فرهنگی کشور</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">زنگنه، «شهرستان نیشابور و مهمترین وقایع تاریخی آن»، مشکوة، ۱۴۷.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">فرنبغ دادگی (<bdi>۱۳۹۰</bdi>). <i>بندهش</i>. ترجمهٔ مهرداد بهار. تهران: انتشارات توس. شابک <bdi>۹۷۸-۹۶۴-۳۱۵-۲۹۲-۵</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">قلی‌زاده، <i>فرهنگ اساطیر ایرانی بر پایه متون پهلوی</i>، <bdi>۲۸۰</bdi>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shafiei_Kadkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafiei Kadkani">Shafiei Kadkani</a>, Mohammad-Reza (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nishapur_(book)" title="History of Nishapur (book)">History of Nishapur (تاریخ نیشابور)</a></i> (in Persian). <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Nishapur+%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%29&rft.place=Tehran&rft.au=Al-Hakim+al-Nishapuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ویلیام بوردهی (۱۳۶۴)، تحقیقی در آیین اسماعیلیه، ترجمهٔ زهرا سعیدی، مشهد: تابناک</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">محمد بن زین العابدین (<bdi>۱۳۶۲</bdi>)، <i>تاریخ جماعت اسمعیلیه:هدایت المومنین الطالبین.</i>، ترجمهٔ هما خاقان زاده، تهران: اساطیر</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Zarrinkoob" title="Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob">عبدالحسین زرین‌کوب</a>، «فصل کتاب»، <i>جستجو در تصوف ایران</i>، امیرکبیر</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Metropolitan_Museum's_Excavations_at_Nishapur-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Metropolitan_Museum's_Excavations_at_Nishapur_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Metropolitan_Museum's_Excavations_at_Nishapur_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="1" class="citation web cs1">Sardar, Marika. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nish/hd_nish.htm">"The Metropolitan Museum's Excavations at Nishapur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></i>. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PANA.IR&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D8%A7+%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87+%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86+%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AA&rft.date=2018-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pana.ir%3A443%2Fnews.aspx%3Fid%3D872671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211071841/https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/World/20070728/726654.html">"Iran weaves world's largest carpet"</a>. <i>news.webindia123.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/World/20070728/726654.html">the original</a> on 11 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.webindia123.com&rft.atitle=Iran+weaves+world%27s+largest+carpet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.webindia123.com%2Fnews%2FArticles%2FWorld%2F20070728%2F726654.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105082128/http://www.omanet.om/english/Relegious/grandmosq.asp">"The sultan qaboos grand mosque"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omanet.om/english/Relegious/grandmosq.asp">the original</a> on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+sultan+qaboos+grand+mosque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omanet.om%2Fenglish%2FRelegious%2Fgrandmosq.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muscat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://551.ir/images/stories/news/newspaper/farresimorq/farresimorq-46-2.jpg">http://551.ir/images/stories/news/newspaper/farresimorq/farresimorq-46-2.jpg</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klidar.ir/">"کلبه کتاب کلیدر"</a>. <i>www.klidar.ir</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.klidar.ir&rft.atitle=%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87+%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klidar.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.abarshar.ir">http://www.abarshar.ir</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranparadise.com/tomb-of-kamal-ol-molk/">"Tomb of Kamal-ol-Molk"</a>. <i>iranparadise.com</i>. Iran Paradise. 5 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranparadise.com&rft.atitle=Tomb+of+Kamal-ol-Molk&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanparadise.com%2Ftomb-of-kamal-ol-molk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5932699/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF">"Shahin Shahr and Nishabur became sister cities" <bdi lang="fa">شاهین شهر و نیشابور خواهر خوانده شدند</bdi></a> (in Persian). Mehr news agency. Mehr. 7 November 2023. 5932699<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shahin+Shahr+and+Nishabur+became+sister+cities+%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86+%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1+%D9%88+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.pub=Mehr+news+agency&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mehrnews.com%2Fnews%2F5932699%2F%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25DB%258C%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B4%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2588-%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEsposito1999" class="citation book cs1">Esposito, John L., ed. (1999). <i>The Oxford History of Islam</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Islam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHonigmannBosworth1995" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Honigmann, E.; Bosworth, C.E. (1995). "Nishapur". In Bosworth, C.E.; Van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Islam</i>. Vol. VIII: Ned-Sam. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">62–</span>64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nishapur&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E62-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Honigmann&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+C.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Al-Athir2007" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Al-Athir (2007). <i>The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-Kamil Fi'l-Tarikh</i>. Translated by Richards, D.S. Ashgate Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronicle+of+Ibn+Al-Athir+for+the+Crusading+Period+from+Al-Kamil+Fi%27l-Tarikh&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Ibn+Al-Athir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UIspERtZEHIC"><i>The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State</i></a>. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-25093-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-25093-5"><bdi>0-415-25093-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armies+of+the+Caliphs%3A+Military+and+Society+in+the+Early+Islamic+State&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-25093-5&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUIspERtZEHIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKröger1995" class="citation book cs1">Kröger, Jens (1995). <i>Nishapur: Glass of the Early Islamic Period</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nishapur%3A+Glass+of+the+Early+Islamic+Period&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Kr%C3%B6ger&rft.aufirst=Jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeacock2015" class="citation book cs1">Peacock, A.C.S. (2015). <i>The Great Seljuk Empire</i>. Edinburgh University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Seljuk+Empire&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=A.C.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTor2015" class="citation book cs1">Tor, D.G. (2015). "The Importance of Khurasan and Transoxiana in the Persianate Dynastic Period (850-1220)". In Peacock, A. C. S.; Tor, D. G. (eds.). <i>Medieval Central Asia and the Persianate World: Iranian Tradition and Islamic Civilisation</i>. I.B. Tauris. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Khurasan+and+Transoxiana+in+the+Persianate+Dynastic+Period+%28850-1220%29&rft.btitle=Medieval+Central+Asia+and+the+Persianate+World%3A+Iranian+Tradition+and+Islamic+Civilisation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Tor&rft.aufirst=D.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tarkhi Al Naisaburiin Bye <a href="/wiki/Hakim_al-Nishaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim al-Nishaburi">Hakim al-Nishaburi</a></li> <li>EARTHQUAKES IN THE HISTORY OF NISHAPUR By Charles Melville <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/4299694">[2]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/nishapur-">Encyclopedia Iranica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nish/hd_nish.htm">metmuseum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abarsahr">iranica</a></li> <li>The Patricians of Nishapur: A Study in Medieval Islamic Social History by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bulliet" title="Richard Bulliet">Richard Bulliet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/archaeology_2200/archaeology-notebooks_2202/ancient-east_2224/iran-nishapur_6544/index.html">France-Diplomatie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDurand-Guédy2020" class="citation book cs1">Durand-Guédy, David (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/56495"><i>Cities of Medieval Iran</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43433-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43433-2"><bdi>978-90-04-43433-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+Medieval+Iran&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43433-2&rft.aulast=Durand-Gu%C3%A9dy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F56495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANishapur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Nishapur_Glass_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period?Tag=&title=nishapur&author=&pt=0&tc=0&dept=0&fmt=0">Nishapur: Glass of the Early Islamic Period by Jens Kroger, Jens Kröger (1995) (free download & online version)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Nishapur_Some_Early_Islamic_Buildings_and_Their_Decoration?Tag=&title=nishapur&author=&pt=0&tc=0&dept=0&fmt=0">Nishapur: Some Early Islamic Buildings and Their Decoration by Charles Kyrle Wilkinson (1987) (free download & online version)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Nishapur_Metalwork_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period?Tag=&title=nishapur&author=&pt=0&tc=0&dept=0&fmt=0">Nishapur: Metalwork of the Early Islamic Period by James W. Allan (1982) (free download & online version)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Nishapur_Pottery_of_the_Early_Islamic_Period?Tag=&title=nishapur&author=&pt=0&tc=0&dept=0&fmt=0">Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period by Charles Kyrle Wilkinson (1973) (free download & online version)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishapur&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070220075658/http://www.neyshaburcity.ir/">Nishapur Mayors</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Persian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neyshabur.ir/">Nishapur governors</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Persian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4216/chapitre2.htm">Ceramics of Nishapur and other centers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121217235426/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1118448420&men=gpro&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-106&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x&geo=454415882">World Gazetteer on Nishapur</a> at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> (archived 2012-12-17)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060820003038/http://nai.ir/">Nishapur Mathhouse</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonyad-neyshaboor.com/">Neyshabur bonyad</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Persian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nish/hd_nish.htm">The Metropolitan Museum Excavations at Nishapur</a></li> <li>Elias Pirasteh, <i>Neyshabur</i>, Photo Set, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/pirasteh/sets/72157603877006403/">flickr</a></li> <li>Ardavan Ruzbeh, <i>When National Heritage is not an equal to the Emām-Jom'eh</i>, a reportage on the demolition of a national monument, <i>Madreseh-ye Golshan</i> (مدرسه گلشن), in Nishabur, in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, Radio Zamāneh, May 29, 2008: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiozamaaneh.com/ardavan/2008/05/post_102.html">Text</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081002214221/http://www.zamahang.com/podcast/2008/20080517_Ardavan_Rooyi_Khat.mp3">Audio</a>.</li> <li>Hossein Davoudi, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jadidonline.com/story/15082008/frnk/dizbad">Dizbād: A Staircase to History</a></i>, in Persian, Jadid Online, 2008.<br /><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jadidonline.com/images/stories/flash_multimedia/Dizbad_test/dizbad_high.html">A Slide Show of Dizbād</a></i>, by Hossein Davoudi, Jadid Online, 2008, (5 min 39 sec).<br /><b>Note:</b> Dizbād is a small village between <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a> and Neyshābūr, located at some 40 km distance from Mashhad.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">-</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Capital of <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Empire">Seljuq Empire</a> (Persia) </b><br />1037–1043 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Razavi_Khorasan_in_Iran.svg/225px-Razavi_Khorasan_in_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Razavi_Khorasan_in_Iran.svg/300px-Razavi_Khorasan_in_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iran_by_province" title="List of cities in Iran by province">cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bajestan_County" title="Bajestan County">Bajestan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajestan" title="Bajestan">Bajestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunesi" title="Yunesi">Yunesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bakharz_County" title="Bakharz County">Bakharz County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakharz" title="Bakharz">Bakharz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bardaskan_County" title="Bardaskan County">Bardaskan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardaskan" title="Bardaskan">Bardaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabad,_Iran" title="Anabad, Iran">Anabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Shahrabad, Razavi Khorasan">Shahrabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chenaran_County" title="Chenaran County">Chenaran County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenaran" title="Chenaran">Chenaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dargaz_County" title="Dargaz County">Dargaz County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dargaz" title="Dargaz">Dargaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapeshlu" title="Chapeshlu">Chapeshlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotfabad" title="Lotfabad">Lotfabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_Khandan" title="Now Khandan">Now Khandan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Davarzan_County" title="Davarzan County">Davarzan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davarzan" title="Davarzan">Davarzan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fariman_County" title="Fariman County">Fariman County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fariman" title="Fariman">Fariman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhadgerd" title="Farhadgerd">Farhadgerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandarabad" title="Qalandarabad">Qalandarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefid_Sang" title="Sefid Sang">Sefid Sang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firuzeh_County" title="Firuzeh County">Firuzeh County</a></th><td 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonabad" title="Gonabad">Gonabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidokht" title="Bidokht">Bidokht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakhk" title="Kakhk">Kakhk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joghatai_County" title="Joghatai County">Joghatai County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joghatai" title="Joghatai">Joghatai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joveyn_County" title="Joveyn County">Joveyn County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neqab" title="Neqab">Neqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalat_County" title="Kalat County">Kalat County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalat,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Kalat, Razavi Khorasan">Kalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Zow" title="Shahr-e Zow">Shahr-e Zow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kashmar_County" title="Kashmar County">Kashmar County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farg_Qaleh" title="Farg Qaleh">Farg Qaleh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khalilabad_County" title="Khalilabad County">Khalilabad County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalilabad,_Iran" title="Khalilabad, Iran">Khalilabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondor,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Kondor, Razavi Khorasan">Kondor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khoshab_County" title="Khoshab County">Khoshab County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soltanabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soltanabad, Razavi Khorasan">Soltanabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khaf_County" title="Khaf County">Khaf County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khaf,_Iran" title="Khaf, Iran">Khvaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashtifan" title="Nashtifan">Nashtifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasemabad,_Khaf" title="Qasemabad, Khaf">Qasemabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salami,_Iran" title="Salami, Iran">Salami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangan,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Sangan, Razavi Khorasan">Sangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuhsorkh_County" title="Kuhsorkh County">Kuhsorkh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rivash,_Iran" title="Rivash, Iran">Rivash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahvelat_County" title="Mahvelat County">Mahvelat County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feyzabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Feyzabad, Razavi Khorasan">Feyzabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadmehr" title="Shadmehr">Shadmehr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mashhad_County" title="Mashhad County">Mashhad County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malekabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Malekabad, Razavi Khorasan">Malekabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razaviyeh" title="Razaviyeh">Razaviyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Nishapur County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nishapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekneh" title="Chekneh">Chekneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrud" title="Darrud">Darrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharv" title="Kharv">Kharv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshqabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Eshqabad, Razavi Khorasan">Eshqabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadamgah" title="Qadamgah">Qadamgah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quchan_County" title="Quchan County">Quchan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quchan" title="Quchan">Quchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajgiran" title="Bajgiran">Bajgiran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roshtkhar_County" title="Roshtkhar County">Roshtkhar County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roshtkhar" title="Roshtkhar">Rashtkhvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangal" title="Jangal">Jangal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sabzevar_County" title="Sabzevar County">Sabzevar County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabzevar" title="Sabzevar">Sabzevar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud_Ab" title="Rud Ab">Rud Ab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salehabad_County" title="Salehabad County">Salehabad County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salehabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Salehabad, Razavi Khorasan">Salehabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarakhs_County" title="Sarakhs County">Sarakhs County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarakhs" title="Sarakhs">Sarakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdavand" title="Mazdavand">Mazdavand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sheshtamad_County" title="Sheshtamad County">Sheshtamad County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheshtomad" title="Sheshtomad">Sheshtomad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taybad_County" title="Taybad County">Taybad County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taybad" title="Taybad">Taybad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariz,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Kariz, Razavi Khorasan">Kariz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad_Rizeh" title="Mashhad Rizeh">Mashhad Rizeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torbat-e_Heydarieh_County" title="Torbat-e Heydarieh County">Torbat-e Heydarieh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torbat-e_Heydarieh" title="Torbat-e Heydarieh">Torbat-e Heydarieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayg" title="Bayg">Bayg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadkan" title="Kadkan">Kadkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robat-e_Sang" title="Robat-e Sang">Robat-e Sang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torbat-e_Jam_County" title="Torbat-e Jam County">Torbat-e Jam County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torbat-e_Jam" title="Torbat-e Jam">Torbat-e Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Nasrabad, Razavi Khorasan">Nasrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilshahr" title="Nilshahr">Nilshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiabad-e_Arbab_Din_Mohammad" title="Samiabad-e Arbab Din Mohammad">Samiabad-e Arbab Din Mohammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torqabeh_and_Shandiz_County" title="Torqabeh and Shandiz County">Torqabeh and Shandiz County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torqabeh" title="Torqabeh">Torqabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandiz" title="Shandiz">Shandiz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zaveh_County" title="Zaveh County">Zaveh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dowlatabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Dowlatabad, Razavi Khorasan">Dowlatabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zeberkhan_County" title="Zeberkhan County">Zeberkhan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darrud" title="Darrud">Darrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharv" title="Kharv">Kharv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadamgah" title="Qadamgah">Qadamgah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasabad_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasabad Complex">Abbasabad Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Abdolabad" title="Tomb of Abdolabad">Tomb of Abdolabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliabad_Tower" title="Aliabad Tower">Aliabad Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-tojar_Caravansarai" title="Amin al-tojar Caravansarai">Amin al-tojar Caravansarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atashgah_Manmade-Cave" title="Atashgah Manmade-Cave">Atashgah Manmade-Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atashgah_Castle" title="Atashgah Castle">Atashgah Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firuzabad_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firuzabad area (page does not exist)">Firuzabad area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firuzabad_Tower" title="Firuzabad Tower">Firuzabad Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goharshad_Mosque" title="Goharshad Mosque">Goharshad Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haj_Soltan_Religious_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haj Soltan Religious School (page does not exist)">Haj Soltan Religious School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Jalal_Mosque" title="Haji Jalal Mosque">Haji Jalal Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruniyeh_Dome" title="Haruniyeh Dome">Haruniyeh Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Reza_shrine" title="Imam Reza shrine">Imam Reza shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh_Hamzeh,_Kashmar" title="Imamzadeh Hamzeh, Kashmar">Imamzadeh Hamzeh, Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh_Seyed_Morteza" title="Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza">Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Kashmar" title="Jameh Mosque of Kashmar">Jameh Mosque of Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Marandiz" title="Jameh Mosque of Marandiz">Jameh Mosque of Marandiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Nishapur" title="Jameh Mosque of Nishapur">Jameh Mosque of Nishapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameh_Mosque_of_Sabzevar" title="Jameh Mosque of Sabzevar">Jameh Mosque of Sabzevar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karat_Minaret" title="Karat Minaret">Karat Minaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosrogerd_Minaret" title="Khosrogerd Minaret">Khosrogerd Minaret</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondor_Ab_anbars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondor Ab anbars (page does not exist)">Kondor Ab anbars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABh-e_T%C4%ABr_M%C4%81h%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kūh-e Tīr Māhī">Kūh-e Tīr Māhī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur">Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám">Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalilabad_Hot_Spring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalilabad Hot Spring (page does not exist)">Khalilabad Hot Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamenar_Mosque,_Sabzevar" title="Pamenar Mosque, Sabzevar">Pamenar Mosque, Sabzevar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanats_of_Ghasabeh" title="Qanats of Ghasabeh">Qanats of Ghasabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat_of_Kabudan" title="Ribat of Kabudan">Ribat of Kabudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat_of_Sharaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribat of Sharaf">Ribat of Sharaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rig_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig castle">Rig castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Dam" title="Shahi Dam">Shahi Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami_mausoleum_complex" title="Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami mausoleum complex">Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami mausoleum complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Bagher_Ab_anbar" title="Seyyed Bagher Ab anbar">Seyyed Bagher Ab anbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadiyakh" title="Shadiyakh">Shadiyakh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Cave (page does not exist)">Sir Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandooreh_National_Park" title="Tandooreh National Park">Tandooreh National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Baba_Loghman" title="Tomb of Baba Loghman">Tomb of Baba Loghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Boghrat" title="Tomb of Boghrat">Tomb of Boghrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Ferdowsi" title="Tomb of Ferdowsi">Tomb of Ferdowsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hadi_Sabzevari" title="Tomb of Hadi Sabzevari">Tomb of Hadi Sabzevari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hassan_Modarres" title="Tomb of Hassan Modarres">Tomb of Hassan Modarres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Heydar_Yaghma" title="Tomb of Heydar Yaghma">Tomb of Heydar Yaghma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Kamal-ol-molk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk">Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Khajeh_Rabie" title="Tomb of Khajeh Rabie">Tomb of Khajeh Rabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nader_Shah" title="Tomb of Nader Shah">Tomb of Nader Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qal%27eh_Dokhtar,_Kuhsorkh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh (page does not exist)">Qal'eh Dokhtar, Kuhsorkh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Razavi_Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province">List of cities, towns and villages in Razavi Khorasan Province</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Nishapur_County180" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nishapur_County" title="Template:Nishapur County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nishapur_County" title="Template talk:Nishapur County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nishapur_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nishapur County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Nishapur_County180" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nishapur_County" title="Nishapur County">Nishapur County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nishapur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Iran" title="Administrative divisions of Iran">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Nishapur_County)" title="Central District (Nishapur County)">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nishapur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural Districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Binalud_Rural_District" title="Binalud Rural District">Binalud</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliabad,_Nishapur" title="Aliabad, Nishapur">Aliabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andar_Ab,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Andar Ab, Razavi Khorasan">Andar Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqi,_Nishapur" title="Baqi, Nishapur">Baqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barag_Shahi" title="Barag Shahi">Barag Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojnu-ye_Olya" title="Bojnu-ye Olya">Bojnu-ye Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bormahan" title="Bormahan">Bormahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahar_Gushli" title="Chahar Gushli">Chahar Gushli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahaneh-ye_Heydari" title="Dahaneh-ye Heydari">Dahaneh-ye Heydari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsiyeh,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Farsiyeh, Razavi Khorasan">Farsiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazelabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Fazelabad, Razavi Khorasan">Fazelabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardan" title="Gardan">Gardan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydarabad,_Nishapur" title="Heydarabad, Nishapur">Heydarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh-ye_Abuzar" title="Kalateh-ye Abuzar">Kalateh-ye Abuzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh-ye_Ali_Morad" title="Kalateh-ye Ali Morad">Kalateh-ye Ali Morad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh-ye_Mohammad_Jan" title="Kalateh-ye Mohammad Jan">Kalateh-ye Mohammad Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Karan, Razavi Khorasan">Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karji,_Nishapur" title="Karji, Nishapur">Karji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khar_Barreh" title="Khar Barreh">Khar Barreh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad,_Binalud" title="Khorramabad, Binalud">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marusk" title="Marusk">Marusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad,_Nishapur" title="Nasirabad, Nishapur">Nasirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaruneh" title="Qaruneh">Qaruneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar_Chah,_Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sar Chah, Razavi Khorasan">Sar Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar_Gerik" title="Sar Gerik">Sar Gerik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyedabad-e_Asadollah_Khan" title="Seyyedabad-e Asadollah Khan">Seyyedabad-e Asadollah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyedabad-e_Bar_Madan" title="Seyyedabad-e Bar Madan">Seyyedabad-e Bar Madan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangeh-ye_Olya" title="Tangeh-ye Olya">Tangeh-ye Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telli" title="Telli">Telli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijan" title="Tijan">Tijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarandeh,_Binalud" title="Zarandeh, Binalud">Zarandeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Darbqazi_Rural_District" title="Darbqazi Rural District">Darbqazi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abirabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Abirabad, Razavi Khorasan">Abirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadabad,_Nishapur" title="Ahmadabad, Nishapur">Ahmadabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliabad-e_Shahid,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Aliabad-e Shahid, Razavi Khorasan">Aliabad-e Shahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amirabad,_Nishapur" title="Amirabad, Nishapur">Amirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagh-e_Jafarabad" title="Bagh-e Jafarabad">Bagh-e Jafarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahman,_Iran" title="Bahman, Iran">Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrudi" title="Bahrudi">Bahrudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshruy" title="Boshruy">Boshruy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daghi,_Nishapur" title="Daghi, Nishapur">Daghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Now-e_Lakzi" title="Deh Now-e Lakzi">Deh Now-e Lakzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahimabad-e_Muri" title="Ebrahimabad-e Muri">Ebrahimabad-e Muri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emamiyeh,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Emamiyeh, Razavi Khorasan">Emamiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eqbali" title="Eqbali">Eqbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshqabad-e_Kohneh" title="Eshqabad-e Kohneh">Eshqabad-e Kohneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslamabad-e_Arab" title="Eslamabad-e Arab">Eslamabad-e Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl,_Nishapur_County" title="Fazl, Nishapur County">Fazl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdows,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Ferdows, Razavi Khorasan">Ferdows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqiyeh" title="Haqqiyeh">Haqqiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoseynabad-e_Chaghuki" title="Hoseynabad-e Chaghuki">Hoseynabad-e Chaghuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoseyni,_Nishapur" title="Hoseyni, Nishapur">Hoseyni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalandeh" title="Jalandeh">Jalandeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jijabad" title="Jijabad">Jijabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilu,_Iran" title="Jilu, Iran">Jilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juri,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Juri, Razavi Khorasan">Juri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimabad,_Nishapur" title="Karimabad, Nishapur">Karimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimabad-e_Suis" title="Karimabad-e Suis">Karimabad-e Suis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karizak-e_Kenar_Kal" title="Karizak-e Kenar Kal">Karizak-e Kenar Kal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karizak-e_Kohneh" title="Karizak-e Kohneh">Karizak-e Kohneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariz-e_Sabah" title="Kariz-e Sabah">Kariz-e Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazemabad,_Nishapur" title="Kazemabad, Nishapur">Kazemabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanshah" title="Khanshah">Khanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khujan" title="Khujan">Khujan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak_Lak_Ashian" title="Lak Lak Ashian">Lak Lak Ashian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudabad-e_Fazl" title="Mahmudabad-e Fazl">Mahmudabad-e Fazl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansuriyeh,_Nishapur" title="Mansuriyeh, Nishapur">Mansuriyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqdbesh" title="Naqdbesh">Naqdbesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowbahar,_Nishapur" title="Nowbahar, Nishapur">Nowbahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruzabad,_Nishapur" title="Nowruzabad, Nishapur">Nowruzabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurabad,_Nishapur" title="Nurabad, Nishapur">Nurabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Now,_Nishapur" title="Qaleh Now, Nishapur">Qaleh Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Now-ye_Mehdiabad" title="Qaleh Now-ye Mehdiabad">Qaleh Now-ye Mehdiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimabad,_Darbqazi" title="Rahimabad, Darbqazi">Rahimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhabad,_Darbqazi" title="Ruhabad, Darbqazi">Ruhabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadrabad,_Nishapur" title="Sadrabad, Nishapur">Sadrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seh_Gonbad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Seh Gonbad, Razavi Khorasan">Seh Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_Mianeh" title="Shad Mianeh">Shad Mianeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Kohneh,_Nishapur" title="Shahr-e Kohneh, Nishapur">Shahr-e Kohneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shib_(village)" title="Shib (village)">Shib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltanabad,_Nishapur" title="Soltanabad, Nishapur">Soltanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zirjan,_Nishapur" title="Zirjan, Nishapur">Zirjan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Fazl_Rural_District_(Razavi_Khorasan_Province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazl Rural District (Razavi Khorasan Province)">Fazl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasabad,_Nishapur" title="Abbasabad, Nishapur">Abbasabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sadi" title="Abu Sadi">Abu Sadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adg" title="Adg">Adg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barf_Riz" title="Barf Riz">Barf Riz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshrabad" title="Boshrabad">Boshrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzhabad" title="Buzhabad">Buzhabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzhan,_Razavi_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzhan, Razavi Khorasan">Buzhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chah_Boland" title="Chah Boland">Chah Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damdari_Dasht_Livestock_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damdari Dasht Livestock Center (page does not exist)">Damdari Dasht Livestock Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_os_Salam" title="Dar os Salam">Dar os Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbehesht,_Fazl" title="Darbehesht, Fazl">Darbehesht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasht,_Nishapur" title="Dasht, Nishapur">Dasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Now,_Fazl" title="Deh Now, Fazl">Deh Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Sheykh,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Deh Sheykh, Razavi Khorasan">Deh Sheykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshratabad,_Nishapur" title="Eshratabad, Nishapur">Eshratabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslamabad-e_Lakazi" title="Eslamabad-e Lakazi">Eslamabad-e Lakazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eynabad,_Fazl" title="Eynabad, Fazl">Eynabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhriyeh" title="Fakhriyeh">Fakhriyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farkhak" title="Farkhak">Farkhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feyzabad-e_Lalaha" title="Feyzabad-e Lalaha">Feyzabad-e Lalaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filkhaneh" title="Filkhaneh">Filkhaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firuzi,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Firuzi, Razavi Khorasan">Firuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushenjan" title="Fushenjan">Fushenjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghar,_Iran" title="Ghar, Iran">Ghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj_Kazemi" title="Hajj Kazemi">Hajj Kazemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Hamidabad, Razavi Khorasan">Hamidabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar,_Nishapur" title="Hesar, Nishapur">Hesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoseynabad-e_Jadid,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Hoseynabad-e Jadid, Razavi Khorasan">Hoseynabad-e Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoseynabad-e_Nazer" title="Hoseynabad-e Nazer">Hoseynabad-e Nazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheyrabad,_Fazl" title="Kheyrabad, Fazl">Kheyrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad,_Fazl" title="Khorramabad, Fazl">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvosh-e_Bala" title="Khvosh-e Bala">Khvosh-e Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuri,_Fazl" title="Mamuri, Fazl">Mamuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muri,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Muri, Razavi Khorasan">Muri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimabad,_Nishapur" title="Naimabad, Nishapur">Naimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Now-ye_Alireza_Bek" title="Qaleh Now-ye Alireza Bek">Qaleh Now-ye Alireza Bek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoreyshabad" title="Qoreyshabad">Qoreyshabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud,_Nishapur" title="Rud, Nishapur">Rud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadabad,_Nishapur" title="Sadabad, Nishapur">Sadabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheykhlan" title="Sheykhlan">Sheykhlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowqand" title="Sowqand">Sowqand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taht-e_Manzar" title="Taht-e Manzar">Taht-e Manzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarababad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Tarababad, Razavi Khorasan">Tarababad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turani,_Iran" title="Turani, Iran">Turani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahyaabad,_Fazl" title="Yahyaabad, Fazl">Yahyaabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Mazul_Rural_District" title="Mazul Rural District">Mazul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abquy" title="Abquy">Abquy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgarabad,_Nishapur" title="Asgarabad, Nishapur">Asgarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghshan-e_Gach" title="Baghshan-e Gach">Baghshan-e Gach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashnij" title="Bashnij">Bashnij</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chah-e_Sadiq_Salar_Ali_Akbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chah-e Sadiq Salar Ali Akbar (page does not exist)">Chah-e Sadiq Salar Ali Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbehesht,_Mazul" title="Darbehesht, Mazul">Darbehesht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Now-ye_Khaleseh" title="Deh Now-ye Khaleseh">Deh Now-ye Khaleseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Sang" title="Deh Sang">Deh Sang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh-e_Hallaj" title="Deh-e Hallaj">Deh-e Hallaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowlatabad,_Nishapur" title="Dowlatabad, Nishapur">Dowlatabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshqabad,_Mazul" title="Eshqabad, Mazul">Eshqabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyshabad,_Nishapur" title="Eyshabad, Nishapur">Eyshabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feyzabad_(36%C2%B010%E2%80%B2_N_58%C2%B052%E2%80%B2_E),_Mazul" class="mw-redirect" title="Feyzabad (36°10′ N 58°52′ E), Mazul">Feyzabad</a></li> <li>Feyzabad</li> <li>Feyzabad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garab,_Nishapur" title="Garab, Nishapur">Garab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajjian" title="Hajjian">Hajjian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad-e_Emam_Jomeh" title="Hasanabad-e Emam Jomeh">Hasanabad-e Emam Jomeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad-e_Sar_Tappeh" title="Hasanabad-e Sar Tappeh">Hasanabad-e Sar Tappeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar_Juq" title="Hesar Juq">Hesar Juq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesar-e_Khuni" title="Hesar-e Khuni">Hesar-e Khuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honarstan-e_Kashavarzi,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Honarstan-e Kashavarzi, Razavi Khorasan">Honarstan-e Kashavarzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomhuri,_Iran" title="Jomhuri, Iran">Jomhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaboli,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Kaboli, Razavi Khorasan">Kaboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheyrabad,_Mazul" title="Kheyrabad, Mazul">Kheyrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorram_Bak" title="Khorram Bak">Khorram Bak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvajeh_Bachcheh" title="Khvajeh Bachcheh">Khvajeh Bachcheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuri,_Mazul" title="Mamuri, Mazul">Mamuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzar,_Nishapur" title="Manzar, Nishapur">Manzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad_(36%C2%B013%E2%80%B2_N_58%C2%B040%E2%80%B2_E),_Mazul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirabad (36°13′ N 58°40′ E), Mazul">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad_(36%C2%B018%E2%80%B2_N_58%C2%B049%E2%80%B2_E),_Mazul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirabad (36°18′ N 58°49′ E), Mazul">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammadabad-e_Do_Khaneh" title="Mohammadabad-e Do Khaneh">Mohammadabad-e Do Khaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neqab,_Nishapur" title="Neqab, Nishapur">Neqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Komaj" title="Pir Komaj">Pir Komaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Now-e_Jamshid" title="Qaleh Now-e Jamshid">Qaleh Now-e Jamshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatnabad" title="Qatnabad">Qatnabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranajabad" title="Ranajabad">Ranajabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Crescent_Building_Number_1" title="Red Crescent Building Number 1">Red Crescent Building Number 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringan" title="Ringan">Ringan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostamabad,_Nishapur" title="Rostamabad, Nishapur">Rostamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahlabad,_Nishapur" title="Sahlabad, Nishapur">Sahlabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahi,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Salahi, Razavi Khorasan">Salahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samghan" title="Samghan">Samghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanguni" title="Sanguni">Sanguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar_Ab-e_Kushk" title="Sar Ab-e Kushk">Sar Ab-e Kushk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seh_Chub" title="Seh Chub">Seh Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyfabad,_Nishapur" title="Seyfabad, Nishapur">Seyfabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyedabad,_Nishapur" title="Seyyedabad, Nishapur">Seyyedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadab,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Shadab, Razavi Khorasan">Shadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrak,_Nishapur" title="Shahrak, Nishapur">Shahrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsabad,_Mazul" title="Shamsabad, Mazul">Shamsabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowmeeh,_Mazul" title="Sowmeeh, Mazul">Sowmeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yek_Lengeh" title="Yek Lengeh">Yek Lengeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarandeh,_Mazul" title="Zarandeh, Mazul">Zarandeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Rivand_Rural_District" title="Rivand Rural District">Rivand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abgineh" title="Abgineh">Abgineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjeqan" title="Abjeqan">Abjeqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahangaran,_Nishapur" title="Ahangaran, Nishapur">Ahangaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliabad-e_Takeh" title="Aliabad-e Takeh">Aliabad-e Takeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahjegerd" title="Allahjegerd">Allahjegerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjidan" title="Anjidan">Anjidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardesman" title="Ardesman">Ardesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezumandeh" title="Arezumandeh">Arezumandeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghat-e_Dastgerdan" title="Baghat-e Dastgerdan">Baghat-e Dastgerdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakavol,_Nishapur" title="Bakavol, Nishapur">Bakavol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolqosheh" title="Bolqosheh">Bolqosheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanbaran" title="Chanbaran">Chanbaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalashan" title="Dalashan">Dalashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Now,_Rivand" title="Deh Now, Rivand">Deh Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Now-e_Kherabeh" title="Deh Now-e Kherabeh">Deh Now-e Kherabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh-e_Darugheh" title="Deh-e Darugheh">Deh-e Darugheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deh-e_Habbeh" title="Deh-e Habbeh">Deh-e Habbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslamiyeh,_Nishapur" title="Eslamiyeh, Nishapur">Eslamiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhad,_Nishapur" title="Farhad, Nishapur">Farhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrokhabad,_Nishapur" title="Farrokhabad, Nishapur">Farrokhabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golshan,_Nishapur" title="Golshan, Nishapur">Golshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakimabad,_Nishapur" title="Hakimabad, Nishapur">Hakimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantabad" title="Hantabad">Hantabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashemabad-e_Soltani" title="Hashemabad-e Soltani">Hashemabad-e Soltani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helali,_Nishapur" title="Helali, Nishapur">Helali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoseynabad-e_Makhtari" title="Hoseynabad-e Makhtari">Hoseynabad-e Makhtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karjij" title="Karjij">Karjij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomar,_Nishapur" title="Khomar, Nishapur">Khomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotfabad,_Nishapur" title="Lotfabad, Nishapur">Lotfabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malek_Kandeh" title="Malek Kandeh">Malek Kandeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabad,_Rivand" title="Mirabad, Rivand">Mirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobarakeh,_Nishapur" title="Mobarakeh, Nishapur">Mobarakeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammadabad,_Nishapur" title="Mohammadabad, Nishapur">Mohammadabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohitabad" title="Mohitabad">Mohitabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozaffarabad,_Nishapur" title="Mozaffarabad, Nishapur">Mozaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_Kariz" title="Now Kariz">Now Kariz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabed" title="Qabed">Qabed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasemabad,_Nishapur" title="Qasemabad, Nishapur">Qasemabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimabad,_Rivand" title="Rahimabad, Rivand">Rahimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimabad_(Kuhsabad),_Rivand" title="Rahimabad (Kuhsabad), Rivand">Rahimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatabad,_Nishapur" title="Rahmatabad, Nishapur">Rahmatabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhabad,_Rivand" title="Ruhabad, Rivand">Ruhabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salehabad,_Rivand" title="Salehabad, Rivand">Salehabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_Mehrak" title="Shad Mehrak">Shad Mehrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafiabad,_Nishapur" title="Shafiabad, Nishapur">Shafiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Shahabad, Razavi Khorasan">Shahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsabad,_Rivand" title="Shamsabad, Rivand">Shamsabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiyeh" title="Shamsiyeh">Shamsiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sowmeeh,_Rivand" title="Sowmeeh, Rivand">Sowmeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taherabad,_Nishapur" title="Taherabad, Nishapur">Taherabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarvelayat_District" title="Sarvelayat District">Sarvelayat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chekneh" title="Chekneh">Chekneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural Districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Barzanun_Rural_District" title="Barzanun Rural District">Barzanun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barzanun" title="Barzanun">Barzanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emamzadeh-ye_Hoseyn_Asghar" title="Emamzadeh-ye Hoseyn Asghar">Emamzadeh-ye Hoseyn Asghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavkosh,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Gavkosh, Razavi Khorasan">Gavkosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh-ye_Hajji,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Kalateh-ye Hajji, Razavi Khorasan">Kalateh-ye Hajji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheyrabad,_Sarvelayat" title="Kheyrabad, Sarvelayat">Kheyrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qareh_Gol,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Qareh Gol, Razavi Khorasan">Qareh Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotor_Sang" title="Shotor Sang">Shotor Sang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiran,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Tiran, Razavi Khorasan">Tiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohan,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Zohan, Razavi Khorasan">Zohan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Sarvelayat_Rural_District" title="Sarvelayat Rural District">Sarvelayat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdollah_Givi" title="Abdollah Givi">Abdollah Givi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qayah" title="Aq Qayah">Aq Qayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beshkan,_Iran" title="Beshkan, Iran">Beshkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_Khan" title="Bid Khan">Bid Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakaneh-ye_Olya" title="Chakaneh-ye Olya">Chakaneh-ye Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezq,_Nishapur" title="Dezq, Nishapur">Dezq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshqabad,_Sarvelayat" title="Eshqabad, Sarvelayat">Eshqabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahneh,_Nishapur" title="Fahneh, Nishapur">Fahneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghezel_Aghul" title="Ghezel Aghul">Ghezel Aghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golbin" title="Golbin">Golbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajjiabad,_Sarvelayat" title="Hajjiabad, Sarvelayat">Hajjiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad,_Nishapur" title="Hasanabad, Nishapur">Hasanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchegan" title="Inchegan">Inchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh-ye_Feshay" title="Kalateh-ye Feshay">Kalateh-ye Feshay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh-ye_Meydan" title="Kalateh-ye Meydan">Kalateh-ye Meydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelidar,_Iran" title="Kelidar, Iran">Kelidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayesk" title="Khayesk">Khayesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khvajehabad,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Khvajehabad, Razavi Khorasan">Khvajehabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuh_Sakht" title="Kuh Sakht">Kuh Sakht</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazraeh-ye_Reza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazraeh-ye Reza (page does not exist)">Mazraeh-ye Reza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mowtowr_Ab-e_Soltani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mowtowr Ab-e Soltani (page does not exist)">Mowtowr Ab-e Soltani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowmiri" title="Nowmiri">Nowmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowsara" title="Nowsara">Nowsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirshahbaz" title="Pirshahbaz">Pirshahbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qezel_Qaleh,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Qezel Qaleh, Razavi Khorasan">Qezel Qaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqi_Beyg" title="Saqi Beyg">Saqi Beyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheykh_Mostafa,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Sheykh Mostafa, Razavi Khorasan">Sheykh Mostafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltan_Meydan" title="Soltan Meydan">Soltan Meydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleh,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Suleh, Razavi Khorasan">Suleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talebi,_Nishapur" title="Talebi, Nishapur">Talebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yengejeh,_Razavi_Khorasan" title="Yengejeh, Razavi Khorasan">Yengejeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat,_Nishapur" title="Ziarat, Nishapur">Ziarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zig,_Iran" title="Zig, Iran">Zig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_architecture86" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_architecture" title="Template:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_architecture" title="Template talk:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_architecture86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_style" title="Parthian style">Parthian style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sasanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Early Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Ilkhanid_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Ilkhanid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_art" title="Safavid art">Safavid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perspolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/90px-Perspolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/135px-Perspolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Perspolis.jpg/180px-Perspolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="3065" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">Caravanserais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khaneqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takyeh" title="Takyeh">Takyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_anbar" title="Ab anbar">Ab anbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaruni" title="Andaruni">Andaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biruni_(Persian_architecture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biruni (Persian architecture) (page does not exist)">Biruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower" title="Tower">Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahartaq_(architecture)" title="Chahartaq (architecture)">Chahartaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalan_e_Vorudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalan e Vorudi (page does not exist)">Dalan e Vorudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonbad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonbad">Gonbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashti" title="Hashti">Hashti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howz" title="Howz">Howz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwan" title="Iwan">Iwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanat#Iran" title="Qanat">Kariz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucheh" title="Kucheh">Kucheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjdari" title="Panjdari">Panjdari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian Garden (<i>hayāt</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">Qanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahn" title="Sahn">Sahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabestan" title="Shabestan">Shabestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talar" title="Talar">Talar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakhch%C4%81l" title="Yakhchāl">Yakhchāl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80ina-k%C4%81ri" class="mw-redirect" title="Āina-kāri">Āina-kāri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amol" title="Amol">Amol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andijan" title="Andijan">Andijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bam,_Iran" title="Bam, Iran">Bam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbent" title="Derbent">Derbent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gur-e-Amir" title="Gur-e-Amir">Gur-e-Amir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatra" title="Hatra">Hatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashan" title="Kashan">Kashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiva" title="Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nishapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrisabz" title="Shahrisabz">Shahrisabz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht-e_Soleym%C4%81n" title="Takht-e Soleymān">Takht-e Soleymān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Tehran" title="Architecture of Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory and analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian_residential_architecture" title="Traditional Persian residential architecture">Traditional Persian residential architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_water_sources_of_Persian_antiquity" title="Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity">Traditional water sources of Persian antiquity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architects_of_Iran" title="Architects of Iran">Architects of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles_in_Iran" title="Category:Castles in Iran"><i>Arg</i>s, castles, and <i>ghal'eh</i>s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ab_anbars_of_Qazvin" title="List of ab anbars of Qazvin">List of ab anbars of Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Iran" title="List of mosques 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cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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