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type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" id="post-419"> <header class="entry-header has-text-align-center header-footer-group"> <div class="entry-header-inner section-inner medium"> <h1 class="entry-title">Nanopartículas</h1> <div class="intro-text section-inner max-percentage small"> <p>Las nanopartículas (de tamaño entre 1 y 100 nanómetros) se consideran un puente entre los materiales a granel y las estructuras atómicas o moleculares.</p> </div> </div> </header> <div class="post-inner"> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="alignwide flexColumns"> <div class="contentCol"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Nanopartículas</h2> <p>Las nanopartículas (de tamaño entre 1 y 100 nanómetros) se consideran un puente entre los materiales a granel y las estructuras atómicas o moleculares. Un material a granel tiene propiedades físicas constantes independientemente de su tamaño, pero a menudo este no es el caso en la nanoescala. </p> <p>Una de las características importantes de las nanopartículas es su gran relación superficie-volumen (en comparación con los materiales a granel). Esta propiedad se puede ilustrar mediante un simple experimento mental. Consideremos un cubo con una longitud de arista de 1 metro. Si lo cortas en dos piezas, crearás 2 superficies adicionales, cada una con la misma área que una de las 6 caras originales. Si bien el volumen total se mantiene sin cambios por el corte, la superficie ha aumentado en 33%. Repita este ejercicio hasta que todas las partículas alcancen un tamaño de aproximadamente un nanómetro. El resultado es un grupo de pequeñas partículas que tiene el mismo volumen que el cubo original pero una superficie mil millones de veces mayor. Hay nanomateriales que tienen una superficie equivalente a un campo de fútbol por tan solo unos gramos de material.</p> <p>La gran superficie hace que algunas nanopartículas sean altamente solubles en líquidos. Este comportamiento es importante para aplicaciones en pinturas, pigmentos, pastillas medicinales y cosméticos. Una partícula de hierro de 30 nanómetros tiene 5% de sus átomos en la superficie, mientras que el resto reside en el interior. Sin embargo, una partícula de 3 nm tiene 50% de sus átomos en la superficie. Los átomos de la superficie (que no están unidos por un lado) son mucho más activos que los átomos que residen en el interior (que están unidos por todas partes). Un aumento de la superficie conduce generalmente a un aumento de la reactividad. </p> <p>El tamaño de las partículas también puede afectar la <em>color</em> del material, con aplicaciones en la producción de tintas para revistas satinadas donde las combinaciones de colores son de gran interés. Grandes superficies también son atractivas para un proceso llamado <em>adsorción</em>. La adsorción ocurre cuando una solución gaseosa o líquida se acumula sobre la superficie de un sólido o un líquido (adsorbente) formando una película de moléculas o átomos. Las grandes superficies aumentan la adsorción. Este proceso es útil en aplicaciones como convertidores catalíticos, dispositivos de purificación de agua, tecnologías de recuperación de residuos y fabricación de desodorantes, perfumes, barnices y adhesivos. </p> <p>Una vez producidas las nanopartículas, es deseable que mantengan sus pequeñas dimensiones. Sin embargo, en muchos casos, la aglomeración de partículas pequeñas produce grupos de material más grandes. Cuando esto sucede, muchas de las ventajas del uso de nanopartículas se pierden. Los científicos han encontrado formas de prevenir la aglomeración de partículas mediante el uso de tensioactivos (recubrimientos superficiales especiales) que reducen las fuerzas de unión entre las partículas.</p> </div> <div class="sidebarCol"> <img src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-scaled.jpg" /> <span>Nanopartículas de óxido de zinc, ilustración 3D. Las nanopartículas de ZnO tienen aplicaciones como biosensores, en la administración de fármacos, cosméticos, dispositivos ópticos y eléctricos, células solares y otras áreas. Crédito: Tyrannosaurus/bistock.com</span> <h3>Leer más</h3> <div class="related-box"> <div class="relative-item"> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/"><img width="300" height="200" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-300x200.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-768x512.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-600x400.jpg 600w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials.jpg 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/">Nanomateriales</a> <div class="excerpt"> Imagine poder ver la estructura microscópica de un material y darse cuenta de que está compuesto de muchos patrones periódicos del orden de 100 nm o menos. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main> <div class="footer-nav-widgets-wrapper header-footer-group"> <a class="to-the-top" href="#site-header"> <span class="to-the-top-long"> Ir arriba <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> <span class="to-the-top-short"> Hasta <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> </a> <div class="footer-inner section-inner"> <aside class="footer-widgets-outer-wrapper" role="complementary"> <div class="footer-widgets-wrapper"> <div class="footer-widgets"> <div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div 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M93.9,51.2c-9.4,0-17.1-7.7-17.1-17.1c0-9.4,7.7-17.1,17.1-17.1c9.4,0,17.1,7.7,17.1,17.1C110.9,43.5,103.3,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> <g> <g> <path d="M93.9,51.2c-4.7,0-8.5,3.8-8.5,8.5v59.7c0,4.7,3.8,8.5,8.5,8.5s8.5-3.8,8.5-8.5V59.7C102.4,55,98.6,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> </svg></a> <a href="https://ieeenano.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>IEEE NTC</span></a></div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/university-listings/"><svg version="1.1" id="atom" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M403.8,266.3c-3.7-3.4-7.6-6.9-11.7-10.3c4.1-3.4,8-6.9,11.7-10.3c30.9-28.8,42.7-53.9,34.1-72.7 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