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class="vector-toc-link" href="#1904"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 1904 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1904-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1905,_Fauvism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1905,_Fauvism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 1905, Fauvism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1905,_Fauvism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1906" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1906"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 1906 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1906-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1907–1909" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1907–1909"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 1907–1909 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1907–1909-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1910,_the_launch_of_Cubism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1910,_the_launch_of_Cubism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 1910, the launch of Cubism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1910,_the_launch_of_Cubism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1911,_the_rise_of_Cubism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1911,_the_rise_of_Cubism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 1911, the rise of Cubism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1911,_the_rise_of_Cubism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1912,_political_ramifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1912,_political_ramifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 1912, political ramifications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1912,_political_ramifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1912, political ramifications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1912,_political_ramifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_exhibited_at_the_1912_Salon_d'Automne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_exhibited_at_the_1912_Salon_d'Automne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Works exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_exhibited_at_the_1912_Salon_d'Automne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1913–1914" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1913–1914"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 1913–1914 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1913–1914-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_1918" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_1918"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 After 1918 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_1918-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Avant-Garde_in_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Avant-Garde_in_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 The Avant-Garde in Paris </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Avant-Garde_in_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1922,_Braque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1922,_Braque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 1922, Braque </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1922,_Braque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944,_Picasso_at_the_Salon_d'Automne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944,_Picasso_at_the_Salon_d'Automne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 1944, Picasso at the Salon d'Automne </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944,_Picasso_at_the_Salon_d'Automne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="صالون دوتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صالون دوتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podzimn%C3%AD_salon" title="Podzimní salon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podzimní salon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%E2%80%99Automne" title="Salon d’Automne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salon d’Automne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%C3%B3n_de_oto%C3%B1o" title="Salón de otoño – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salón de otoño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="نمایشگاه پاییزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمایشگاه پاییزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%C3%B3n_de_Outono" title="Salón de Outono – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Salón de Outono" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B4%EB%A1%B1_%EB%8F%84%ED%86%A4" title="살롱 도톤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="살롱 도톤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Աշնանային սալոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աշնանային սալոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95" title="סלון הסתיו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלון הסתיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%E2%80%99Automne" title="Salon d’Automne – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Salon d’Automne" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8C" title="サロン・ドートンヌ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サロン・ドートンヌ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%E2%80%99automne" title="Salon d’automne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salon d’automne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27automne" title="Salon d'automne – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Salon d'automne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_Jesienny" title="Salon Jesienny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Salon Jesienny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_d%27Automne" title="Salon d'Automne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salon d'Automne" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Осенний салон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осенний салон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јесењи салон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јесењи салон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syyssalonki" title="Syyssalonki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Syyssalonki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_d%27Automne,_1903,_catalogue_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1903%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg/220px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1903%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="422" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1903%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg/330px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1903%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1903%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg/440px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1903%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="2073" /></a><figcaption>Catalogue of first Salon d'Automne, 1903</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_d%27Automne,_1905,_catalogue_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1905%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg/220px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1905%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1905%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg/330px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1905%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1905%2C_catalogue_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Salon d'Automne, 1905, catalogue cover. <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a> was launched at this exhibition</figcaption></figure> The Salon d'Automne (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[salɔ̃ dotɔn]</a>; English: Autumn Salon), or Société du Salon d'automne, is an art exhibition held annually in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Since 2011, it is held on the <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a>, in mid-October. The first Salon d'Automne was created in 1903 by <a href="/wiki/Frantz_Jourdain" title="Frantz Jourdain">Frantz Jourdain</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Hector Guimard</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Desvalli%C3%A8res" title="George Desvallières">George Desvallières</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eugène Carrière">Eugène Carrière</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Vallotton" title="Félix Vallotton">Félix Vallotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Édouard Vuillard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Chigot" title="Eugène Chigot">Eugène Chigot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maison_Jansen" title="Maison Jansen">Maison Jansen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1903-1">[1]</a> Perceived as a reaction against the conservative policies of the official <a href="/wiki/Paris_Salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Salon">Paris Salon</a>, this massive exhibition almost immediately became the showpiece of developments and innovations in 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">decorative arts</a>. During the Salon's early years, established artists such as <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a> threw their support behind the new exhibition and even <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a> displayed several works. Since its inception, works by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Rouault" title="Georges Rouault">Georges Rouault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> have been shown. In addition to the 1903 inaugural exhibition, three other dates remain historically significant for the Salon d'Automne: 1905 bore witness to the birth of <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a>; 1910 witnessed the launch of <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>; and 1912 resulted in a xenophobic and anti-modernist quarrel in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly (France)</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sous-bois_devant_les_grottes_au-dessus_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir,_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sous-bois_devant_les_grottes_au-dessus_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/220px-Sous-bois_devant_les_grottes_au-dessus_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sous-bois_devant_les_grottes_au-dessus_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/330px-Sous-bois_devant_les_grottes_au-dessus_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sous-bois_devant_les_grottes_au-dessus_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/440px-Sous-bois_devant_les_grottes_au-dessus_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_Noir%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3305" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, 1900-1904, The Grounds of the Château Noir, oil on canvas, 90.7 x 71.4 cm, The <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>, London</figcaption></figure> The aim of the salon was to encourage the development of the <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine arts</a>, to serve as an outlet for young artists (of all nationalities), and a platform to broaden the dissemination of <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> and its extensions to a popular audience.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1903-1">[1]</a> Choosing the autumn season for the exhibition was strategic in several ways: it not only allowed artists to exhibit canvases painted outside (<a href="/wiki/En_plein_air" title="En plein air">en plein air</a>) during the summer, it stood out from the other two large salons (the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Nationale_des_Beaux-Arts" title="Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts">Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_artistes_fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des artistes français">Salon des artistes français</a>) which took place in the spring. The Salon d'Automne is distinguished by its multidisciplinary approach, open to paintings, sculptures, photographs (from 1904), drawings, engravings, applied arts, and the clarity of its layout, more or less per school. Foreign artists are particularly well represented. The Salon d'Automne also boasts the presence of a politician and patron of the arts, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivier_Sains%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Olivier Sainsère">Olivier Sainsère</a> as a member of the honorary committee.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1903-1">[1]</a> For <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantz_Jourdain" class="extiw" title="fr:Frantz Jourdain">Frantz Jourdain</a>, public exhibitions served an important social function by providing a forum for unknown, innovative, emerging (éminents) artists, and for providing a basis for the general public's understanding of the new art. This was the idea behind Jourdain's dream of opening a new "Salon des Refusés" in the late 1890s, and realized in the opening the Salon d'Automne in 1903. Providing a venue where unknown artists could be recognized, while 'wrestling' the public out of its complacency were, to Jourdain, the greatest contributions to society the critic could make.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> The platform of the Salon d'Automne was based on an open admission, welcoming artists in all areas of the arts. Jurors were members of society itself, not members of the Academy, the state, or official art establishments.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> Refused exhibition space in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a>, the first Salon d'Automne was held in the poorly lit, humid basement of the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a>. It was backed financially by Jansen. While Rodin applauded the endeavor, and submitted drawings, he refused to join doubting it would succeed.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-portrait_in_studio_by_Andr%C3%A9_Derain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Self-portrait_in_studio_by_Andr%C3%A9_Derain.jpg/220px-Self-portrait_in_studio_by_Andr%C3%A9_Derain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Self-portrait_in_studio_by_Andr%C3%A9_Derain.jpg/330px-Self-portrait_in_studio_by_Andr%C3%A9_Derain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Self-portrait_in_studio_by_Andr%C3%A9_Derain.jpg/440px-Self-portrait_in_studio_by_Andr%C3%A9_Derain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="2252" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, 1903, Self-portrait in studio, oil on canvas, 42.2 x 34.6 cm, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="National Gallery of Australia">National Gallery of Australia</a></figcaption></figure> Notwithstanding, the first Salon d'Automne, which included works by Matisse, Bonnard and other progressive artists, was unexpectedly successful, and was met with wide critical acclaim. Jourdain, familiar with the multifaceted world of art, predicted accurately the triumph would arouse animosity: from artist who resented the accent on Gauguin and Cézanne (both perceived as retrogressive), from academics who resisted attention given to the decorative arts, and soon, from the Cubists, who suspected the jurors favoring of Fauvism at their expense.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> Even <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a>, never forgave Jourdain for having founded a rival salon. What he had not predicted was a retaliation that threatened the future of the new salon. <a href="/wiki/Carolus-Duran" title="Carolus-Duran">Carolus-Duran</a> (president of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts) threatened to ban from his Société established artists who might consider exhibiting at the Salon d'Automne. Retaliating in defense of Jourdain, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eugène Carrière">Eugène Carrière</a> (a respected artistic figure) issued a statement that if forced to choose, he would join the Salon d'Automne and resign from the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. The valuable publicity generated by the press articles on the controversy worked in favor of the Salon d'Automne. Thus, Eugène Carrière saved the burgeoning salon.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> Henri Marcel, sympathetic to the Salon d'Automne, became director of the Beaux-Arts, and assured it would take place at the prestigious Grand Palais the following year.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> The success of the Salon d'Automne was not, however, due to such controversy. Success was due to the tremendous impact of its exhibitions on both the art world and the general public, extending from 1903 to the outset of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Each successive exhibition denoted a significant phase in the development of modern art: Beginning with retrospectives of Gauguin, Cézanne and others; the influence such would have on the art that would follow; the <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauves</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>); followed by the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">proto-Cubists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> In his defense of artistic liberty, Jourdain attacked not individuals, but institutions, such as the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_Artistes_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Société des Artistes Français">Société des Artistes Français</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts" title="École des Beaux-Arts">École des Beaux-Arts</a> (Paris), recognized as the foremost school of art.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> In addition to his role as an influential art critic prior to the creation of the Salon d'Automne, Jourdain was a member of the Decorative Arts jury at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">Chicago World's Fair (1893)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_International_(1897)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels International (1897)">Brussels International (1897)</a> and the Paris <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Exposition Universelle (1900)</a>. Jourdain clearly outlined the dangers of following the academic path in his review of the 1889 Exposition, while pointing out the potentials in the art of engineers, aesthetics, the fusion with decorative arts and the need for social reform. He soon became well known as a staunch critic of traditionalism and a fervent proponent of <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>, yet even for him, the Cubists had gone too far.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1903,_the_outset">1903, the outset</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1903, the outset">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Gauguin_-_Fatata_te_Miti_(By_the_Sea)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Gauguin_-_Fatata_te_Miti_%28By_the_Sea%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/230px-Paul_Gauguin_-_Fatata_te_Miti_%28By_the_Sea%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Gauguin_-_Fatata_te_Miti_%28By_the_Sea%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/345px-Paul_Gauguin_-_Fatata_te_Miti_%28By_the_Sea%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paul_Gauguin_-_Fatata_te_Miti_%28By_the_Sea%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/460px-Paul_Gauguin_-_Fatata_te_Miti_%28By_the_Sea%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12477" data-file-height="9258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, Tahitian: Fatata te miti (By the Sea) 1892, oil on canvas, 67.9 x 91.5 cm, The <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a></figcaption></figure> The first Salon d'Autumne exhibition opened 31 October 1903 at the Palais des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris (<a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais des Champs-Élysées</a>) in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Included in the show were the works of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Pierre Bonnard</a>, Coup de vent, Le magasin de nouveautés, Étude de jeune femme (no. 62, 63 and 64); <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, A l'ombre (l'Ile fleurie), Le soir aux environs de Paris (no. 252, 253); <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, Dévideuse picarde (intérieur), Tulipes (386, 387), along with paintings by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Édouard Vuillard</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Vallotton" title="Félix Vallotton">Félix Vallotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Maufra" title="Maxime Maufra">Maxime Maufra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Manguin" title="Henri Manguin">Henri Manguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Guillaumin" title="Armand Guillaumin">Armand Guillaumin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Lebasque" title="Henri Lebasque">Henri Lebasque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Loiseau" title="Gustave Loiseau">Gustave Loiseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Chigot" title="Eugène Chigot">Eugene Chigot</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> with an homage to <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> who died May 8, 1903.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1903-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1904">1904</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1904">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_d%27Automne,_1904,_Ambroise_Vollard,_Salle_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1904%2C_Ambroise_Vollard%2C_Salle_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/300px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1904%2C_Ambroise_Vollard%2C_Salle_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1904%2C_Ambroise_Vollard%2C_Salle_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/450px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1904%2C_Ambroise_Vollard%2C_Salle_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1904%2C_Ambroise_Vollard%2C_Salle_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/600px-Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1904%2C_Ambroise_Vollard%2C_Salle_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="609" /></a><figcaption>View of the 1904 Salon d'Automne, photograph by <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard">Ambroise Vollard</a>, Salle Cézanne (Victor Choquet, Baigneuses, etc.)</figcaption></figure> At the 1904 Salon d'Automne, held at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> 15 October to 15 November, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, exhibited three paintings entitled Marine (Le Croisic), Marine (Arromanches), Marine (Houlgate) (no. 907-909); <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, 19 years of age, exhibited his Panneau décoratif (l'été) (no. 352 of the catalogue). <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a> exhibited two paintings, Vieux moulin à Montons-Villiers (Picardie 1902) and Le matin à Courbevoie (1904), (no. 536, 537). <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a> presented fourteen works (607-620).<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1904-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Dongen" title="Kees van Dongen">Kees van Dongen</a> presented two works, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>, three paintings, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a> three, <a href="/wiki/Othon_Friesz" title="Othon Friesz">Othon Friesz</a> four, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a> seven, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Puy" title="Jean Puy">Jean Puy</a> five, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Rouault" title="Georges Rouault">Georges Rouault</a> eight paintings, Maufra ten, Manguin five, Vallotton three, and Valtat three.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1904-5">[5]</a> A room at the 1904 Salon d'Automne was dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, with thirty-one works, including various portraits, self-portraits, still lifes, flowers, landscapes and bathers (many from the collection of <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard">Ambroise Vollard</a>, including photographs taken by the artist, exhibited in the photography section).<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1904-5">[5]</a> Another room presented works of <a href="/wiki/Puvis_de_Chavannes" class="mw-redirect" title="Puvis de Chavannes">Puvis de Chavannes</a>, with 44 works. And another was dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Odilon Redon</a> with 64 works, including paintings, drawings and lithographs. <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Renoir">Auguste Renoir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a> too were represented in separate rooms with 35 and 28 works respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1904-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1905,_Fauvism">1905, Fauvism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1905, Fauvism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg/220px-Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg/330px-Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg/440px-Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, 1905, <a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Hat" title="Woman with a Hat">Woman with a Hat</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="San Francisco Museum of Modern Art">San Francisco Museum of Modern Art</a>.</figcaption></figure> After viewing the boldly colored canvases of <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Vlaminck" title="Maurice de Vlaminck">Maurice de Vlaminck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Dongen" title="Kees van Dongen">Kees van Dongen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Camoin" title="Charles Camoin">Charles Camoin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Puy" title="Jean Puy">Jean Puy</a> at the Salon d'Automne of 1905, the critic <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vauxcelles" title="Louis Vauxcelles">Louis Vauxcelles</a> disparaged the painters as "fauves" (wild beasts), thus giving their movement the name by which it became known, <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gil_Blas,_17_October_1905-6">[6]</a> Vauxcelles described their work with the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Donatello" title="Donatello">Donatello</a> chez les fauves" ("Donatello among the wild beasts"), contrasting the "orgy of pure tones" with a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>-style sculpture that shared the room with them.<a href="#cite_note-Gil_Blas,_17_October_1905-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-oup-fauvism-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Henri Rousseau</a> was not a Fauve, but his large jungle scene <a href="/wiki/The_Hungry_Lion_Throws_Itself_on_the_Antelope" title="The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope">The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope</a> was exhibited near Matisse's work and may have had an influence on the pejorative used.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Vauxcelles' comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in <a href="/wiki/Gil_Blas_(periodical)" title="Gil Blas (periodical)">Gil Blas</a>, a daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage.<a href="#cite_note-oup-fauvism-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The pictures gained considerable condemnation—"A pot of paint has been flung in the face of the public", wrote the critic <a href="/wiki/Camille_Mauclair" title="Camille Mauclair">Camille Mauclair</a> (1872–1945)—but also some favorable attention.<a href="#cite_note-oup-fauvism-7">[7]</a> One of the paintings singled out for attack was Matisse's <a href="/wiki/Woman_with_a_Hat" title="Woman with a Hat">Woman with a Hat</a>. This work's purchase by <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Stein" title="Leo Stein">Leo Stein</a> had a very positive effect on Matisse, who had been demoralized from the bad reception of his work.<a href="#cite_note-oup-fauvism-7">[7]</a> Matisse's Neo-Impressionist landscape, <a href="/wiki/Luxe,_Calme_et_Volupt%C3%A9" title="Luxe, Calme et Volupté">Luxe, Calme et Volupté</a>, had already been exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants in the spring of 1905.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1905-10">[10]</a> Two large retrospectives occupied adjacent rooms at the 1905 Salon d'Automne: one of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres">Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1905-10">[10]</a> Despite the reputation for the contrary, the Salon d'Automne in 1905 was rather well received by the press, including critical praise for the Ingres and Manet retrospectives. The artists exhibiting were for the most part known, even the most innovative who a few months before exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Berthe_Weill" title="Berthe Weill">Berthe Weill</a> Gallery. However, a few critics reacted violently, both in the daily press aimed at a wide audience; and in the specialized press, some of whom were active advocates of symbolism, and vehemently detested the rise of the new generation.<a href="#cite_note-Clement-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1906">1906</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1906">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Delaunay_L%27homme_%C3%A0_la_tulipe_(Portrait_de_Jean_Metzinger)_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Robert_Delaunay_L%27homme_%C3%A0_la_tulipe_%28Portrait_de_Jean_Metzinger%29_1906.jpg/220px-Robert_Delaunay_L%27homme_%C3%A0_la_tulipe_%28Portrait_de_Jean_Metzinger%29_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Robert_Delaunay_L%27homme_%C3%A0_la_tulipe_%28Portrait_de_Jean_Metzinger%29_1906.jpg/330px-Robert_Delaunay_L%27homme_%C3%A0_la_tulipe_%28Portrait_de_Jean_Metzinger%29_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Robert_Delaunay_L%27homme_%C3%A0_la_tulipe_%28Portrait_de_Jean_Metzinger%29_1906.jpg/440px-Robert_Delaunay_L%27homme_%C3%A0_la_tulipe_%28Portrait_de_Jean_Metzinger%29_1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, 1906, L'homme à la tulipe (Portrait de Jean Metzinger), oil on canvas, 72.4 x 48.5 cm (28 1/2 by 19 1/8 in). Exhibited at the 1906 Salon d'Autome (Paris) along with a portrait of Delaunay by Jean Metzinger</figcaption></figure> The exhibition of 1906 was held from 6 October to 15 November. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a> exhibited his Fauvist/<a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionist</a> Portrait of M. Robert Delaunay (no. 1191) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a> exhibited his painting L'homme à la tulipe (Portrait of M. Jean Metzinger) (no. 420 of the catalogue).<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1906-12">[12]</a> Matisse exhibited his Liseuse, two still lifes (Tapis rouge and à la statuette), flowers and a landscape (no. 1171-1175)<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1906-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Antoine_Pinchon" title="Robert Antoine Pinchon">Robert Antoine Pinchon</a> showed his Prairies inondées (<a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-du-Rouvray" title="Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray">Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray</a>, près de <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>) (no. 1367), now at the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Louviers" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée de Louviers">Musée de Louviers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1906-12">[12]</a> Pinchon's paintings of this period are closely related to the Post-Impressionist and Fauvist styles, with golden yellows, incandescent blues, a thick impasto and larger brushstrokes.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> At the same exhibition <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> was represented by ten works. He wouldn't live long enough to see the end of the show. Cézanne died 22 October 1906 (aged 67). His works included Maison dans les arbres (no. 323), Portrait de Femme (no. 235) and Le Chemin tournant (no. 326). <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a> entered three plaster busts: Portrait de M. S. Lupesco, L'Enfant and Orgueil (no. 218 - 220). <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> exhibited Dans le Silence (bronze) and a plaster bust, Œsope (no. 498 and 499). His brother <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a> exhibited six works. <a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Dongen" title="Kees van Dongen">Kees van Dongen</a> showed three works, Montmartre (492), Mademoiselle Léda (493) and Parisienne (494). <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a> exhibited Westminster-Londres (438), Arbres dans un chemin creux (444) and several other works painted at <a href="/wiki/L%27Estaque" title="L'Estaque">l'Estaque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1906-12">[12]</a> Retrospective exhibitions at the 1906 Salon d'Automne included <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eugène Carrière">Eugène Carrière</a> (49 works) and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> (227 works). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1907–1909">1907–1909</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1907–1909">edit</a>]</div> At the exhibition of 1907, held from 1 to 22 October, hung a painting by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a> entitled Rochers rouges (no. 195 of the catalogue). Though this painting remains difficult to identify, it may be La Ciotat (The Cove).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a> exhibited two landscapes (no. 1270 and 1271), also difficult to identify.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-15">[15]</a> At this 1907 salon the drawings of <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a> were featured. There were also retrospectives of the works of <a href="/wiki/Berthe_Morisot" title="Berthe Morisot">Berthe Morisot</a> (174 works) and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Carpeaux" title="Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux">Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux</a> (149 works), and a <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> retrospective exhibition which included 56 works as a tribute to the painter who died in 1906.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1907-16">[16]</a> Apollinaire referred to Matisse as the "fauve of fauves". Works by both Derain and Matisse are criticized for the ugliness of their models. Braque and Le Fauconnier are considered as Fauves by the critic Michel Puy (brother of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Puy" title="Jean Puy">Jean Puy</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Clement-11">[11]</a> Robert Delaunay showed one work, <a href="/wiki/Bela_Czobel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bela Czobel">Bela Czobel</a> showed one work <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a> showed three, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry_Bruce" title="Patrick Henry Bruce">Patrick Henry Bruce</a> three, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a> one, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a> five, Duchamp-Villon two, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a> three, André Derain exhibited three paintings and Matisse seven works.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_1907-16">[16]</a> For the exhibition of 1908 at the Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées Matisse exhibited 30 works. At the 1909 exhibition (1 October through 8 November), <a href="/wiki/Henri_le_Fauconnier" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri le Fauconnier">Henri le Fauconnier</a> exhibited a <a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">proto-Cubist</a> portrait of the French writer, novelist and poet <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Jean_Jouve" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Jean Jouve">Pierre Jean Jouve</a>, drawing the attention of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a> who had been working in a similar geometric style.<a href="#cite_note-Kubisme-17">[17]</a> Constantin Brâncuși exhibited alongside Metzinger, Le Fauconnier and <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Clement-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1910,_the_launch_of_Cubism">1910, the launch of Cubism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1910, the launch of Cubism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_1910,_Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e,_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes,_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910%2C_Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/220px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910%2C_Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910%2C_Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/330px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910%2C_Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910%2C_Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg/440px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_1910%2C_Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e%2C_published_in_Les_Peintres_Cubistes%2C_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1681" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1910, <a href="/wiki/Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e" title="Nu à la cheminée">Nu à la cheminée (Nude)</a>, exhibited at the 1910 Salon d'Automne. Published in <a href="/wiki/The_Cubist_Painters,_Aesthetic_Meditations" title="The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations">Les Peintres Cubistes, Méditations Esthétiques</a> by Guillaume Apollinaire in 1913, location unknown</figcaption></figure> At the exhibition of 1910, held from 1 October to 8 November at the Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, Paris, Jean Metzinger introduced an extreme form of what would soon be labeled 'Cubism', not just to the general public for the first time, but to other artists that had no contact with Picasso or Braque. Though others were already working in a proto-Cubist vein with complex Cézannian geometries and unconventional perspectives, Metzinger's <a href="/wiki/Nu_%C3%A0_la_chemin%C3%A9e" title="Nu à la cheminée">Nu à la cheminée (Nude)</a> represented a radical departure further still.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <blockquote>I have in front of me a small cutting from an evening newspaper, The Press, on the subject of the 1910 Salon d'Automne. It gives a good idea of the situation in which the new pictorial tendency, still barely perceptible, found itself: The geometrical fallacies of Messrs. Metzinger, Le Fauconnier, and Gleizes. No sign of any compromise there. Braque and Picasso only showed in Kahnweiler's gallery and we were unaware of them. Robert Delaunay, Metzinger and Le Fauconnier had been noticed at the Salon des Indépendants of that same year, 1910, without a label being fixed on them. Consequently, although much effort has been put into proving the opposite, the word Cubism was not at that time current. (Albert Gleizes, 1925)<a href="#cite_note-Gleizes-19">[19]</a></blockquote> In a review of the Salon, the poet <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Allard" class="extiw" title="fr:Roger Allard">Roger Allard</a> (1885-1961) announces the appearance of a new school of French painters concentrating their attention on form rather than on color. A group forms that includes Gleizes, Metzinger, Delaunay (a friend and associate of Metzinger), and Fernand Léger. They meet regularly at Henri le Fauconnier's studio near the Bld de Montparnasse, where he is working on his ambitious allegorical painting entitled L'Abondance. "In this painting" writes Brooke, "the simplification of the representational form gives way to a new complexity in which foreground and background are united and the subject of the painting obscured by a network of interlocking geometrical elements".<a href="#cite_note-Brooke,_Gleizes-20">[20]</a> This exhibition preceded the 1911 Salon des Indépendants which officially introduced "Cubism" to the public as an organized group movement. Metzinger had been close to Picasso and Braque, working at this time along similar lines.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-15">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Delaunay,_Durchblick_auf_den_Eiffelturm,_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Robert_Delaunay%2C_Durchblick_auf_den_Eiffelturm%2C_1910.jpg/220px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_Durchblick_auf_den_Eiffelturm%2C_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Robert_Delaunay%2C_Durchblick_auf_den_Eiffelturm%2C_1910.jpg/330px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_Durchblick_auf_den_Eiffelturm%2C_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Robert_Delaunay%2C_Durchblick_auf_den_Eiffelturm%2C_1910.jpg/440px-Robert_Delaunay%2C_Durchblick_auf_den_Eiffelturm%2C_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Robert Delaunay</a>, 1910, View over the Eiffel Tower, oil on canvas, 116 × 97 cm, <a href="/wiki/Kunstsammlung_Nordrhein-Westfalen" title="Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen">Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen</a></figcaption></figure> Metzinger, Henri Le Fauconnier and <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a> exhibited coincidentally in Room VIII. This was the moment in which the Montparnasse group quickly grew to include <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a>. The three Duchamp brothers, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a>, and another artist known as <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a> took part in the exhibition. Following this salon Metzinger wrote the article Notes sur la peinture,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> in which he compares the similarities in the works Picasso, Braque, Delaunay, Gleizes and Le Fauconnier. In doing so he enunciated for the first time what would become known as the characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>: notably the notions of simultaneity, mobile perspective. In this seminal text Metzinger stressed the distance between their works and traditional perspective. These artists, he wrote, granted themselves 'the liberty of moving around objects', and combining many different views in one image, each recording varying experiences over the course of time.<a href="#cite_note-Kubisme-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Once launched at the 1910 Salon d'Automne, the new movement would rapidly spread throughout Paris. Convinced that exposure to the work of German designers would prompt healthy competition in the decorative arts, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantz_Jourdain" class="extiw" title="fr:Frantz Jourdain">Frantz Jourdain</a> invited artists, architects, designers, and industrialists from the Munich-based <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a> to exhibit at the 1910 salon. "Our art menaced by Bavarian decorators" read the headline of the journal Le Radical (12 May 1910). This scandal, in addition to the non-French status of the authors in a time of growing nationalism, aroused the old polemic of exhibiting low-cost production objects, mass-produced items, simply designed furniture and interior decoration, in the context of a salon dedicated to art. Industrial art had never before been so controversial. The exhibition was reviewed in all the major journals. Louis Vauxcelles added to the crisis in a Gil Blas article.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> The exhibition was an enormous success in that it served to catalyze anew designers, decorators, artists and architects in France, who prior to the 1910 Salon d'Automne had been lagging behind in the design sector. It also catalyzed public opinion, formerly interested solely in paintings. The fact that the viewers saw first hand, and many for the first time, what had been done abroad, opened up a potential of what could be done in the field of decorative arts at home. Jourdain had successfully staged the German show to provoke French designers into improving the quality of their own work. The effects would be felt in Paris, first with the 1912 exhibition of French decorative arts at the <a href="/wiki/Pavillon_de_Marsan" title="Pavillon de Marsan">Pavillon de Marsan</a>, then again at the Salon d'Automne of 1912, with La Maison Cubiste,<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> the collaborative effort of the designer <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> and other artists associated with the <a href="/wiki/Section_d%27Or" title="Section d'Or">Section d'Or</a>. Henri Matisse exhibited <a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">La Danse</a> at the Salon d'Automne of 1910.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1911,_the_rise_of_Cubism">1911, the rise of Cubism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1911, the rise of Cubism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Metzinger,_Le_go%C3%BBter,_Tea_Time,_1911,_75.9_x_70.2_cm,_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_go%C3%BBter%2C_Tea_Time%2C_1911%2C_75.9_x_70.2_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_go%C3%BBter%2C_Tea_Time%2C_1911%2C_75.9_x_70.2_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_go%C3%BBter%2C_Tea_Time%2C_1911%2C_75.9_x_70.2_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_go%C3%BBter%2C_Tea_Time%2C_1911%2C_75.9_x_70.2_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_go%C3%BBter%2C_Tea_Time%2C_1911%2C_75.9_x_70.2_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Jean_Metzinger%2C_Le_go%C3%BBter%2C_Tea_Time%2C_1911%2C_75.9_x_70.2_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a>, 1911, <a href="/wiki/Le_go%C3%BBter_(Tea_Time)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le goûter (Tea Time)">Le goûter (Tea Time)</a>, 75.9 x 70.2 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art. Exhibited at the 1911 Salon d'Automne. <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Salmon" title="André Salmon">André Salmon</a> dubbed this painting "The Mona Lisa of Cubism". Main article: <a href="/wiki/Le_go%C3%BBter_(Tea_Time)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le goûter (Tea Time)">Le goûter (Tea Time)</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_1911,_Portrait_de_Jacques_Nayral,_oil_on_canvas,_161.9_x_114_cm,_Tate_Modern,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1911%2C_Portrait_de_Jacques_Nayral%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_161.9_x_114_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/220px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1911%2C_Portrait_de_Jacques_Nayral%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_161.9_x_114_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1911%2C_Portrait_de_Jacques_Nayral%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_161.9_x_114_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/330px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1911%2C_Portrait_de_Jacques_Nayral%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_161.9_x_114_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Albert_Gleizes%2C_1911%2C_Portrait_de_Jacques_Nayral%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_161.9_x_114_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg/440px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_1911%2C_Portrait_de_Jacques_Nayral%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_161.9_x_114_cm%2C_Tate_Modern%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, 1911, <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Jacques_Nayral_(Gleizes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of Jacques Nayral (Gleizes)">Portrait de Jacques Nayral</a>, oil on canvas, 161.9 x 114 cm, Tate Modern, London. This painting was reproduced in Fantasio: published 15 October 1911, for the occasion of the Salon d'Automne where it was exhibited the same year.</figcaption></figure> In Room 7 and 8 of the 1911 Salon d'Automne, held 1 October through November 8, at the Grand Palais in Paris, hung works by Metzinger (<a href="/wiki/Le_go%C3%BBter_(Tea_Time)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le goûter (Tea Time)">Le goûter (Tea Time)</a>), <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>. The result was a public scandal which brought Cubism to the attention of the general public for the second time. The first was the organized group showing by Cubists in Salle 41 of the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a>. In room 41 hung the work of Gleizes, Metzinger, Léger, Delaunay, Le Fauconnier and Archipenko. Articles in the press could be found in <a href="/wiki/Gil_Blas_(periodical)" title="Gil Blas (periodical)">Gil Blas</a>, Comoedia, Excelsior, Action, L'Œuvre, Cri de Paris. <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a> wrote a long review in the April 20, 1911, issue of L'Intransigeant.<a href="#cite_note-Kubisme-17">[17]</a> Thus Cubism spread into the literary world of writers, poets, critics, and art historians.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Apollinaire took Picasso to the opening of the Salon d'Automne in 1911 to see the cubist works in Room 7 and 8.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Albert Gleizes writes of the Salon d'Automne of 1911: "With the Salon d'Automne of that same year, 1911, the fury broke out again, just as violent as it had been at the Indépendants." He writes: "The painters were the first to be surprised by the storms they had let loose without intending to, merely because they had hung on the wooden bars that run along the walls of the Cours-la-Reine, certain paintings that had been made with great care, with passionate conviction, but also in a state of great anxiety."<a href="#cite_note-Gleizes-19">[19]</a> <blockquote>It was from that moment on that the word Cubism began to be widely used. [...] Never had the critics been so violent as they were at that time. From which it became clear that these paintings - and I specify the names of the painters who were, alone, the reluctant causes of all this frenzy: Jean Metzinger, Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay and myself - appeared as a threat to an order that everyone thought had been established forever. In nearly all the papers, all composure was lost. The critics would begin by saying: there is no need to devote much space to the Cubists, who are utterly without importance and then they furiously gave them seven columns out of the ten that were taken up, at that time, by the Salon. (Gleizes, 1925)<a href="#cite_note-Gleizes-19">[19]</a></blockquote> Reviewing the Salon d'Automne of 1911, Huntly Carter in The New Age writes that "art is not an accessory to life; it is life itself carried to the greatest heights of personal expression." Carter continues: <blockquote> It was at the Salon d'Automne, amid the Rhythmists, I found the desired sensation. The exuberant eagerness and vitality of their region, consisting of two rooms remotely situated, was a complete contrast to the morgue I was compelled to pass through in order to reach it. Though marked by extremes, it was clearly the starting point of a new movement in painting, perhaps the most remarkable in modern times, It revealed not only that artists are beginning to recognise the unity of art and life, but that some of them have discovered life is based on rhythmic vitality, and underlying all things is the perfect rhythm that continues and unites them. Consciously, or unconsciously, many are seeking for the perfect rhythm, and in so doing are attaining a liberty or wideness of expression unattained through several centuries of painting. (Huntly Carter, 1911)<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1912,_political_ramifications">1912, political ramifications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1912, political ramifications">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salon_d%27Automne_1912,_Paris,_works_exhibited_by_Kupka,_Modigliani,_Csaky,_Picabia,_Metzinger,_Le_Fauconnier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg/370px-Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg/555px-Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg/740px-Salon_d%27Automne_1912%2C_Paris%2C_works_exhibited_by_Kupka%2C_Modigliani%2C_Csaky%2C_Picabia%2C_Metzinger%2C_Le_Fauconnier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6342" data-file-height="2864" /></a><figcaption>Salon d'Automne, Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, Paris, Salle XI, between 1 October and 8 November 1912. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_femmes" title="Groupe de femmes">Groupe de femmes</a>, sculpture front the left); <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a> (sculptures behind that of Csaky); paintings by <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a> (Amorpha, Fugue in Two Colors); <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Spring" title="The Spring">La Source (The Spring)</a>); <a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_a_caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancer in a café">Dancer in a café</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a> (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears)</figcaption></figure> The Salon d'Automne of 1912 was held in Paris at the Grand Palais from 1 October to 8 November. The Cubists (a group of artists now recognized as such) were regrouped into the same room, XI. The 1912 polemic leveled against both the French and non-French <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> artists originated in Salle XI of the Salon d'Automne where the Cubists, among whom were several non-French citizens, exhibited their works. The resistance to both foreigners and avant-garde art was part of a more profound crisis: that of defining modern French art in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> centered in Paris. Placed into question was the modern ideology elaborated upon since the late 19th century. What had begun as a question of aesthetics quickly turned political during the Cubist exhibition, and as in the 1905 Salon d'Automne, the critic <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vauxcelles" title="Louis Vauxcelles">Louis Vauxcelles</a> (in Les Arts..., 1912) was most implicated in the deliberations. It was also Vauxcelles who, on the occasion of the 1910 Salon des Indépendants, wrote disparagingly of 'pallid cubes' with reference to the paintings of Metzinger, Gleizes, Le Fauconnier, Léger and Delaunay.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> On 3 December 1912 the polemic reached the <a href="/wiki/Chambre_des_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambre des députés">Chambre des députés</a> (and was debated at the Assemblée Nationale in Paris).<a href="#cite_note-Béatrice_Joyeux-Prunel-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Picabia,_1912,_La_Source,_The_Spring,_oil_on_canvas,_249.6_x_249.3_cm,_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_New_York._Exhibited,_1912_Salon_d%27Automne,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg/220px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg/330px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg/440px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1912%2C_La_Source%2C_The_Spring%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_249.6_x_249.3_cm%2C_Museum_of_Modern_Art%2C_New_York._Exhibited%2C_1912_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1985" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, 1912, <a href="/wiki/The_Spring" title="The Spring">La Source (The Spring)</a>, oil on canvas, 249.6 x 249.3 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, Paris</figcaption></figure> In his 1921 essay on the Salon d'Automne, published in Les Echos (p. 23), founder <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantz_Jourdain" class="extiw" title="fr:Frantz Jourdain">Frantz Jourdain</a> denouncing aesthetic snobbery, writes that the saber-rattling revolutionaries dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dadaists</a> were actually crusty reactionaries who scorned modern progress and revealed contempt for democracy, science, industry and commerce.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> For Jourdain, the 'modern spirit' signified more than a preference for <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a> over <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Gérome</a>. Needed was a clear understanding of one's epoch, its needs, its beauty, its ambience, its essence.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> 1 October through 8 November 1912, in excess of 1,770 works were displayed at the 10th Salon d'Automne. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gallimard" title="Paul Gallimard">Paul Gallimard</a> organized the exhibition of 52 books. The poster for the 1912 show was made by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Pierre Bonnard</a>. Sessions of chamber music took place every Friday. Morning literary sessions were held every Wednesday. The cost of the catalogue was 1 French Franc. The decoration of the Salon d'Automne had been entrusted to the department store <a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">Printemps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_d'Automne_2012-32">[32]</a> Jourdain again came under vicious attack in 1912—as the French nation drew closer to war in a conservative and fiercely nationalistic political climate—now by the dean of the Conseil Municipal and member of the city's Commission des Beaux-Arts, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Pierre_Philippe_Lampu%C3%A9" title="Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué">Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué</a>. Lampué argued, unsuccessfully, that the Salon d'Automne be refused use of the Grand Palais on the grounds that the organizers were unpatriotic and were undermining—with their foreign "Cubo-Futurist" exhibitions—the artistic heritage of France. He did however manage to raise public opinion against the Salon d'Automne, the Cubists and Jourdain specifically. The huge scandal prompted the critic <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Allard" class="extiw" title="fr:Roger Allard">Roger Allard</a> to defend Jourdain and the Cubists in the journal La Côte, pointing out that it wasn't the first time the Salon d'Automne—as a venue to promote modern art—came under attack by city officials, the Institute, and members of the Conseil. And it would not be the last either.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> The Salon d'Automne from its very inception was one of the most significant <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> venues, exhibiting not just painting, drawing and sculpture, but industrial design, urbanism, photography, new developments in music and cinema.<a href="#cite_note-Clausen-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Csaky,_1911-1912,_Deux_Femme_(Two_Women),_plaster_lost,_photo_Galerie_Ren%C3%A9_Reichard,_Frankfurt,_72dpi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Joseph_Csaky%2C_1911-1912%2C_Deux_Femme_%28Two_Women%29%2C_plaster_lost%2C_photo_Galerie_Ren%C3%A9_Reichard%2C_Frankfurt%2C_72dpi.jpg/220px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_1911-1912%2C_Deux_Femme_%28Two_Women%29%2C_plaster_lost%2C_photo_Galerie_Ren%C3%A9_Reichard%2C_Frankfurt%2C_72dpi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Joseph_Csaky%2C_1911-1912%2C_Deux_Femme_%28Two_Women%29%2C_plaster_lost%2C_photo_Galerie_Ren%C3%A9_Reichard%2C_Frankfurt%2C_72dpi.jpg/330px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_1911-1912%2C_Deux_Femme_%28Two_Women%29%2C_plaster_lost%2C_photo_Galerie_Ren%C3%A9_Reichard%2C_Frankfurt%2C_72dpi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Joseph_Csaky%2C_1911-1912%2C_Deux_Femme_%28Two_Women%29%2C_plaster_lost%2C_photo_Galerie_Ren%C3%A9_Reichard%2C_Frankfurt%2C_72dpi.jpg/440px-Joseph_Csaky%2C_1911-1912%2C_Deux_Femme_%28Two_Women%29%2C_plaster_lost%2C_photo_Galerie_Ren%C3%A9_Reichard%2C_Frankfurt%2C_72dpi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption>Joseph Csaky, 1911-1912, <a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_femmes" title="Groupe de femmes">Groupe de femmes (Groupe de trois femmes, Groupe de trois personnages)</a>, plaster lost, photo Galerie René Reichard, Frankfurt. Exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, and Salon des Indépendants, 1913, Paris</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, Frantz Jourdain (in second place after Vauxcelles) was the sworn enemy of the Cubists, so much so that in his later writing on the Salon d'Automne Jourdain makes no mention of the 1911 or 1912 exhibitions, yet the publicity generated by the Cubist polemic brought a supplement of 50,000 French Francs, due to influx of visitors that came to see Les monstres.<a href="#cite_note-Gleizes_ca.1950-33">[33]</a> To appease the French, Jourdain invited the <a href="/wiki/Pontiff" title="Pontiff">pontiffs</a> des Artistes Français, writes Gleizes, to an "exposition de portraits" specially organized at the salon.<a href="#cite_note-Gleizes_ca.1950-33">[33]</a> 220 portraits painted during the 19th century were displayed.<a href="#cite_note-Salon_d'Automne_2012-32">[32]</a> A reversal of the situation arose, unfortunately for Jourdain, when the guests had to pass through the Cubist room in order to access the portraits. Speculation has it that the itinerary had been judiciously chosen by the hanging committee, since everyone at the Automne seems to have understood.<a href="#cite_note-Gleizes_ca.1950-33">[33]</a> The Cubist room was packed full with spectators, and others waited in line to get in, explains Gleizes, while no one paid any attention to the portrait room. The consequences, were 'disastrous' for Jourdain, who, as president of the salon, was ultimately held responsible for the debacle.<a href="#cite_note-Gleizes_ca.1950-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jules-Louis_Breton" title="Jules-Louis Breton">Jules-Louis Breton</a>, the French socialist militant politician (nephew of the academic painter <a href="/wiki/Jules_Breton" title="Jules Breton">Jules Breton</a>), launched a poignant attack against the Cubists exhibiting at the Salon d'Automne. Breton, with the support of <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Benoist" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Benoist">Charles Benoist</a>, accused the French government of sponsoring the excesses of the Cubists by virtue of providing an exhibition space at the Grand Palais. Against the attacks of his colleagues, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Sembat" title="Marcel Sembat">Marcel Sembat</a>, the French socialist politician, defended the principles of freedom of expression, while refusing the idea of a state-sponsored art. Sembat, closely linked to the arts, with friends including Marquet, Signac, Redon and Matisse (about whom he would write a book<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>). His wife, <a href="/wiki/Georgette_Agutte" title="Georgette Agutte">Georgette Agutte</a>, an artist associated with the Fauves, had exhibited from 1904 at the <a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a> and participated in the founding of the Salon d'Automne (her art collection included works by Derain, Matisse, Marquet, Rouault, Vlaminck, Van Dongen, and Signac). <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Beauquier" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Beauquier">Charles Beauquier</a>, the politician and self-proclaimed free-thinker ("libre-penseur") sided with Breton and Benoist: "We do not encourage garbage! There is garbage in the arts and elsewhere".<a href="#cite_note-Débats_parlementaires-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Gleizes,_l%27Homme_au_Balcon,_1912,_oil_on_canvas,_195.6_x_114.9_cm,_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/220px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/330px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg/440px-Albert_Gleizes%2C_l%27Homme_au_Balcon%2C_1912%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_195.6_x_114.9_cm%2C_Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1442" /></a><figcaption>Albert Gleizes, 1912, <a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony_(Gleizes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man on a Balcony (Gleizes)">L'Homme au balcon (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud)</a>, oil on canvas, 195.6 x 114.9 cm (77 x 45 1/4 in.), <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>. Completed the same year that Albert Gleizes co-authored the book <a href="/wiki/Du_%22Cubisme%22" title="Du "Cubisme"">Du "Cubisme"</a> with Jean Metzinger</figcaption></figure> Ultimately, Marcel Sembat won the debate on several fronts: the Salon d'Automne remained at the Grand Palais des Champs Elysées for years to come; the press coverage following the Assemblée nationale's discussions was as intense as it was widespread, publicizing Cubism still further; the reverberations caused by the Cubist scandal echoed across Europe, and elsewhere, extending far beyond what would have been predicted without such publicity. Marcel Sembat would soon become Minister of Public Works; from 1914 to 1916, under <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">Prime Ministers</a> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">René Viviani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-assembly-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_exhibited_at_the_1912_Salon_d'Automne">Works exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works exhibited at the 1912 Salon d'Automne">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Jean Metzinger</a> entered four works: <a href="/wiki/Dancer_in_a_caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancer in a café">Dancer in a café</a>, titled Danseuse (Albright-Knox Art Gallery), La Plume Jaune (The Yellow Feather), Paysage (Landscape), and <a href="/wiki/Femme_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%89ventail" class="mw-redirect" title="Femme à l'Éventail">Femme à l'Éventail (Woman with a Fan)</a> (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York), hung in the decorative arts section inside La Maison Cubiste (the Cubist House).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, 1912, La Source (The Spring) (Museum of Modern Art, New York)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a> exhibited La Femme en Bleu (Woman in Blue), 1912 (Kunstmuseum, Basel) and Le passage à niveau (The Level Crossing), 1912 (Fondation Beyeler, Riehen, Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a>, Les Baigneuses (The bathers) 1912 (The National Gallery, Washington) and Les joueurs de cartes (Card Players)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Le_Fauconnier" title="Henri Le Fauconnier">Henri Le Fauconnier</a>, The Huntsman (Haags Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, Netherlands) and Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) 1912 (Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man_on_a_Balcony_(Gleizes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man on a Balcony (Gleizes)">L'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud)</a>, 1912 (Philadelphia Museum of Art), also exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Armory_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Armory show">Armory show</a>, New York, Chicago, Boston, 1913.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lhote" title="André Lhote">André Lhote</a>, Le jugement de Pâris, 1912 (Private collection)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Kupka" title="František Kupka">František Kupka</a>, Amorpha, Fugue à deux couleurs (Fugue in Two Colors), 1912 (Narodni Galerie, Prague), and Amorpha Chromatique Chaude.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipenko" title="Alexander Archipenko">Alexander Archipenko</a>, Family Life, 1912, sculpture (destroyed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a>, exhibited four sculptures of elongated and highly stylized heads</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Csaky" title="Joseph Csaky">Joseph Csaky</a> exhibited the sculptures <a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_femmes" title="Groupe de femmes">Groupe de femmes</a>, 1911-12 (location unknown), Portrait de M.S.H., no. 91 (location unknown), and <a href="/wiki/Danseuse_(Csaky)" title="Danseuse (Csaky)">Danseuse (Femme à l'éventail, Femme à la cruche)</a>, no. 405 (location unknown)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House)">La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Cubiste" title="La Maison Cubiste">La Maison Cubiste</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raymond_Duchamp-Villon,_1912,_Maquette_originale_de_La_Maison_Cubiste_(Cubist_House,_Fa%C3%A7ade_architecturale),_Document_du_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Maquette_originale_de_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%2C_Fa%C3%A7ade_architecturale%29%2C_Document_du_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Paris.jpg/260px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Maquette_originale_de_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%2C_Fa%C3%A7ade_architecturale%29%2C_Document_du_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Paris.jpg/390px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon%2C_1912%2C_Maquette_originale_de_La_Maison_Cubiste_%28Cubist_House%2C_Fa%C3%A7ade_architecturale%29%2C_Document_du_Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne%2C_Paris.jpg/520px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a>, 1912, Maquette originale de La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House, Façade architecturale), Document du Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Maison_Cubiste,_Le_Salon_Bourgeois,_Salon_d%27Automne,_1912,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/260px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/390px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg/520px-La_Maison_Cubiste%2C_Le_Salon_Bourgeois%2C_Salon_d%27Automne%2C_1912%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the Maison Cubiste, with early <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> decoration by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a></figcaption></figure> This Salon d'Automne also featured <a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Cubiste" title="La Maison Cubiste">La Maison Cubiste</a>. <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> designed façade of a 10 meter by 3 meter house, which included a hall, a living room and a bedroom. This installation was placed in the Art Décoratif section of the Salon d'Automne. The major contributors were <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a>, a decorative designer, <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Laurencin" title="Marie Laurencin">Marie Laurencin</a>. In the house were hung cubist paintings by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Gleizes" title="Albert Gleizes">Albert Gleizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a>, Roger de La Fresnaye, and Jean Metzinger (Woman with a Fan, 1912). While the geometric decoration of the plaster façade and the paintings were inspired by <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubism</a>, the furnishings, carpets, cushions, and wallpapers by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mare" title="André Mare">André Mare</a> were the beginning of a distinct new style, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>. They were extremely colorful, and consisted of floral designs, particularly stylized roses, in geometric patterns. Thsee themes were to reappear in decoration after the First War through the firm founded by Mare. Metzinger and Gleizes in Du "Cubisme", written during the assemblage of the "Maison Cubiste", wrote about the autonomous nature of art, stressing the point that decorative considerations should not govern the spirit of art. Decorative work, to them, was the "antithesis of the picture". "The true picture" wrote Metzinger and Gleizes, "bears its raison d'être within itself. It can be moved from a church to a <a href="/wiki/Drawing-room" class="mw-redirect" title="Drawing-room">drawing-room</a>, from a museum to a study. Essentially independent, necessarily complete, it need not immediately satisfy the mind: on the contrary, it should lead it, little by little, towards the fictitious depths in which the coordinative light resides. It does not harmonize with this or that ensemble; it harmonizes with things in general, with the universe: it is an organism...".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> "Mare's ensembles were accepted as frames for Cubist works because they allowed paintings and sculptures their independence", wrote Christopher Green, "creating a play of contrasts, hence the involvement not only of Gleizes and Metzinger themselves, but of Marie Laurencin, the Duchamp brothers (Raymond Duchamp-Villon designed the façade) and Mare's old friends Léger and Roger La Fresnaye".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> La Maison Cubiste was a fully furnished house, with a staircase, wrought iron banisters, a living room—the Salon Bourgeois, where paintings by Marcel Duchamp, Metzinger (Woman with a Fan), Gleizes, Laurencin and Léger were hung—and a bedroom. It was an example of L'art décoratif, a home within which Cubist art could be displayed in the comfort and style of modern, bourgeois life. Spectators at the Salon d'Automne passed through the full-scale 10-by-3-meter plaster model of the ground floor of the façade, designed by Duchamp-Villon.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> This architectural installation was subsequently exhibited at the 1913 <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a>, New York, Chicago and Boston,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> listed in the catalogue of the New York exhibit as Raymond Duchamp-Villon, number 609, and entitled "Façade architectural, plaster" (Façade architecturale).<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> For the occasion, an article entitled Au Salon d'Automne "Les Indépendants" was published in the French newspaper Excelsior, 2 Octobre 1912.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excelsior_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:Excelsior (journal)">Excelsior</a> was the first publication to privilege photographic illustrations in the treatment of news media; shooting photographs and publishing images in order to tell news stories. As such L'Excelsior was a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">photojournalism</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1913–1914">1913–1914</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1913–1914">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresnaye_conquest_of_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fresnaye_conquest_of_air.jpg/220px-Fresnaye_conquest_of_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fresnaye_conquest_of_air.jpg/330px-Fresnaye_conquest_of_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Fresnaye_conquest_of_air.jpg/440px-Fresnaye_conquest_of_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_La_Fresnaye" title="Roger de La Fresnaye">Roger de La Fresnaye</a>, 1913, The Conquest of the Air, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York. Exhibited at the 1913 Salon d'Automne</figcaption></figure> By 1913 the predominant tendency in modern art visible at the Salon d'Automne consisted of Cubism with a clear tendency towards abstraction. The trend to use brighter colors that had already begun in 1911 continued through 1912 and 1913. This exhibition, held from 15 November to 8 January 1914, was dominated by de La Fresnaye, Gleizes and Picabia. Works by Delaunay, Duchamp and Léger were not exhibited.<a href="#cite_note-Kubisme-17">[17]</a> The preface of the catalog was written by the French Socialist politician <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Sembat" title="Marcel Sembat">Marcel Sembat</a> who a year earlier—against the outcry of <a href="/wiki/Jules-Louis_Breton" title="Jules-Louis Breton">Jules-Louis Breton</a> regarding the use of public funds to provide the venue (at the Salon d'Automne) to exhibit 'barbaric' art—had defended the Cubists, and freedom of artistic expression in general, in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly of France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brooke,_Gleizes-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Béatrice_Joyeux-Prunel-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-David_Cottington-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <blockquote>"I do not in the least wish... to offer a defense of the principles of the cubist movement! In whose name would I present such a defense? I am not a painter... What I do defend is the principle of the freedom of artistic experimentation... My dear friend, when a picture seems bad to you, you have the incontestable right not to look at it, to go and look at others. But one doesn't call the police!" (Marcel Sembat)<a href="#cite_note-David_Cottington-47">[47]</a></blockquote> This exhibition too made its flashing appearance in the news, when a nude by <a href="/wiki/Kees_van_Dongen" title="Kees van Dongen">Kees van Dongen</a> entitled The Spanish Shawl (Woman with Pigeons or The Beggar of Love) was ordered by the police to be removed from the Salon d'Automne. The same would happen in Rotterdam at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Boijmans_Van_Beuningen" title="Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen">Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen</a> in 1949. The painting is now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Georges Pompidou</a>, Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Kubisme-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_1918">After 1918</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: After 1918">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ModiS3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ModiS3.jpg/170px-ModiS3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ModiS3.jpg/255px-ModiS3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ModiS3.jpg/340px-ModiS3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a>, ca. 1912, Female Head</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914 through 1918) no Salon d'Automne exhibition was held. It wasn't until the autumn of 1919 that the Salon d'Automne once again took place, from 1 November to 10 December, at the Grand Palais in Paris. Special attention, that is, a retrospective, was given to <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon</a> who died on 9 October 1918. On display were 19 works by the French sculptor dated between 1906 and 1918.<a href="#cite_note-Kubisme-17">[17]</a> After the war, the Salon d'Automne was dominated by the works of the <a href="/wiki/Montparnasse" title="Montparnasse">Montparnasse</a> painters such as <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Gimel" title="Georges Gimel">Georges Gimel</a>. The Polish expressionist painter <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Gotlib" title="Henryk Gotlib">Henryk Gotlib</a> and Scottish expressionist painter <a href="/wiki/David_Atherton-Smith" title="David Atherton-Smith">David Atherton-Smith</a> also exhibited. <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Maillol" title="Aristide Maillol">Aristide Maillol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Despiau" title="Charles Despiau">Charles Despiau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Ich%C3%A9" title="René Iché">René Iché</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossip_Zadkine" title="Ossip Zadkine">Ossip Zadkine</a>, and Mateo Hernandez emerged as new forces in sculpture. In addition to painting and sculpture, the Salon included works in the <a href="/wiki/Decorative_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative art">decorative arts</a> such as the glassworks of <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Bathory" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia Bathory">Julia Bathory</a> as well as architectural designs by <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>. Still an exhibition of world importance, the Salon d'Automne is now into its 2nd century. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Avant-Garde_in_Paris">The Avant-Garde in Paris</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Avant-Garde in Paris">edit</a>]</div> In an exhibition entitled Picasso and the Avant-Garde in Paris (February 24, 2010 - May 2, 2010),<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a> showcased a partial reconstruction of the 1912 Salon d'Automne. Many of the works exhibited, however, had not been on display at the 1912 salon, while others exhibited in 1912 were conspicuously absent. The exhibition served to highlight the importance of the Salon Cubism—usually pitted against Gallery Cubism as two opposing camps—in developments and innovations of 20th-century painting and sculpture. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1922,_Braque">1922, Braque</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1922, Braque">edit</a>]</div> Fourteen years after the rejection of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>'s L'Estaque paintings by the jury of the Salon d'Automne of 1908 (composed of Matisse, Rouault, Marquet, and <a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois-Prosper_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Charles-François-Prosper Guérin">Charles-François-Prosper Guérin</a>), Braque was given the accolade of the Salle d'Honneur in 1922, without incident.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1944,_Picasso_at_the_Salon_d'Automne">1944, Picasso at the Salon d'Automne</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1944, Picasso at the Salon d'Automne">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso,_1921,_Head_of_a_woman,_pastel_on_paper,_65.1_x_50.2_cm,_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art,_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Head_of_a_woman%2C_pastel_on_paper%2C_65.1_x_50.2_cm%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art%2C_New_York.jpg/220px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Head_of_a_woman%2C_pastel_on_paper%2C_65.1_x_50.2_cm%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art%2C_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Head_of_a_woman%2C_pastel_on_paper%2C_65.1_x_50.2_cm%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art%2C_New_York.jpg/330px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Head_of_a_woman%2C_pastel_on_paper%2C_65.1_x_50.2_cm%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art%2C_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Head_of_a_woman%2C_pastel_on_paper%2C_65.1_x_50.2_cm%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art%2C_New_York.jpg/440px-Pablo_Picasso%2C_1921%2C_Head_of_a_woman%2C_pastel_on_paper%2C_65.1_x_50.2_cm%2C_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art%2C_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, 1921, Head of a woman, pastel on paper, 65.1 x 50.2 cm, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York</figcaption></figure> In a dramatic case of situational <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a>, a room at the Salon d'Automne was dedicated to Picasso in 1944. During the crucial years of Cubism, between 1909 and 1914, the dealer <a href="/wiki/Daniel-Henry_Kahnweiler" title="Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler">Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler</a> forbade Braque and Picasso from exhibiting at both the Salon d'Automne and the Salon des Indépendants. He thought the salons were places of humor and ribaldry, of jokes, laughter and ridicule. Fearing that Cubism would not be taken seriously in such public exhibitions where thousands of spectators would assemble to see new creations, he signed exclusivity contracts with his artists, ensuring that their works could only be shown (and sold) in the privacy of his own gallery.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a>, the first post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Salon d'Automne was to be held in the fall of 1944 in the newly freed capital. Picasso was given a room of his own that he filled with examples of his wartime production. It was a triumphant return for Picasso who had remained aloof from the art scene during the war. The exhibition however, was "marred by disturbances that have remained unattributed" according to Michèle C. Cone (New York-based critic and historian, author of French Modernisms: Perspectives on Art before, during and after Vichy, Cambridge 2001). On Nov. 16, 1944, Matisse wrote a letter to Camoin: "Have you seen the Picasso room? It is much talked about. There were demonstrations in the street against it. What success! If there is applause, whistle." One can guess who the demonstrators might have been, writes Cone, "cronies of the Fauves, still ranting against the Judeo-Marxist decadent Picasso".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salon_d%27Automne" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_art_salons_and_academies" title="French art salons and academies">French art salons and academies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Refus%C3%A9s" title="Salon des Refusés">Salon des Refusés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon_(gathering)" title="Salon (gathering)">Salon (gathering)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Salon_1903-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1903_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1903_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1903_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1903_1-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1903salo">Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Petit Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1903 </li> <li id="cite_note-Clausen-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clausen_2-14">o</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jsoUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA153">Meredith L. Clausen, Frantz Jourdain and the Samaritaine, Décoration & le Rationalisme Architecturaux à l'Exposition Universelle, Leiden, E.J. Brill, 1987</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-07879-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-07879-7">90-04-07879-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6158718d/f6.item">Le Premier Salon d'Automne, Le Bulletin de la vie artistique, No. 21</a>, Bernheim-Jeune (Paris), 1 November 1921, pp. 550-553 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDescheemaeker-_Colle2008" class="citation book cs1">Descheemaeker- Colle, Antoine (2008). Eugène Chigot, Sa Vie, Son Oevre Peint. France: Henri. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782917698020" title="Special:BookSources/9782917698020"><bdi>9782917698020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eug%C3%A8ne+Chigot%2C+Sa+Vie%2C+Son+Oevre+Peint&rft.place=France&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Henri&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9782917698020&rft.aulast=Descheemaeker-+Colle&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalon+d%27Automne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salon_1904-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1904_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1904_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1904_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1904_5-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1904salo">Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1904 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gil_Blas,_17_October_1905-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gil_Blas,_17_October_1905_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gil_Blas,_17_October_1905_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVauxcelles1905" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vauxcelles" title="Louis Vauxcelles">Vauxcelles, Louis</a> (17 October 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151229053045/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7522165g/f6.item">"Le Salon d'Automne"</a> [The Fall Salon]. <a href="/wiki/Gil_Blas" title="Gil Blas">Gil Blas</a> (in French) (9500). Paris: <a href="/wiki/Augustin-Alexandre_Dumont" title="Augustin-Alexandre Dumont">Augustin-Alexandre Dumont</a>: Supplement, 6. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1149-9397">1149-9397</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7522165g/f6.item.r=Donatello.zoom">the original</a> on 2015-12-29. Retrieved 2015-12-28. <q>La candeur de ces bustes surprend, au milieu de l'orgie des tons purs : Donatello chez les fauves</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gil+Blas&rft.atitle=Le+Salon+d%27Automne&rft.issue=9500&rft.pages=Supplement%2C+6&rft.date=1905-10-17&rft.issn=1149-9397&rft.aulast=Vauxcelles&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k7522165g%2Ff6.item.r%3DDonatello.zoom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalon+d%27Automne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oup-fauvism-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oup-fauvism_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oup-fauvism_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oup-fauvism_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oup-fauvism_7-3">d</a> Chilver, Ian (Ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enotes.com/oxford-art-encyclopedia/fauvism">"Fauvism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109091224/http://www.enotes.com/oxford-art-encyclopedia/fauvism">Archived</a> 2011-11-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Oxford Dictionary of Art, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved from enotes.com, 26 December 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Smith" title="Roberta Smith">Smith, Roberta</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/14/arts/design/14rous.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=print">"Henri Rousseau: In imaginary jungles, a terrible beauty lurks"</a> The New York Times, 14 July 2006. Accessed 29 December 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Elderfield" title="John Elderfield">John Elderfield</a>, The "Wild Beasts" Fauvism and Its Affinities, 1976, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87070-638-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87070-638-1">0-87070-638-1</a>, p. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-Salon_1905-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1905_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1905_10-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1905salo">Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1905 </li> <li id="cite_note-Clement-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clement_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clement_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clement_11-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lesfauvessourceb00clem">Russell T. Clement, Les Fauves: A sourcebook, Greenwood Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-28333-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-28333-8">0-313-28333-8</a>, 1994 </li> <li id="cite_note-Salon_1906-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1906_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1906_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1906_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1906_12-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1906salo">Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1906 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> François Lespinasse, Robert Antoine Pinchon: 1886–1943, 1990, repr. Rouen: Association Les Amis de l'École de Rouen, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782906130036" title="Special:BookSources/9782906130036">9782906130036</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iTzniDD6EwAC&pg=PA51">Alex Danchev, Georges Braque: A Life, Arcade Publishing, Nov 15, 2005</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniel_Robbins-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Robbins_15-1">b</a> Daniel Robbins, Jean Metzinger: At the Center of Cubism, 1985, Jean Metzinger in Retrospect, The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press, pp. 9-23 </li> <li id="cite_note-Salon_1907-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1907_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_1907_16-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr00salo">Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1907 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kubisme-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kubisme_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubisme_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubisme_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubisme_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubisme_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kubisme_17-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt324.html">Salon d'Automne, Kubisme.info</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k596525z/f2.image">Edmond Epardaud, On Inaugure demain le Salon d'Automne, La Presse, 30 September 1910, Numéro 6675, pp. 1, 2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gleizes-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gleizes_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleizes_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleizes_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200207024857/http://www.peterbrooke.org.uk/a%26r/gltexts/epic">"Albert Gleizes, The Epic, From immobile form to mobile form, translation by Peter Brooke. Originally written by Gleizes in 1925 and published in a German version in 1928, under the title Kubismus, in a series called Bauhausbücher"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterbrooke.org.uk/a%26r/gltexts/epic">the original</a> on 2020-02-07. Retrieved 2013-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert+Gleizes%2C+The+Epic%2C+From+immobile+form+to+mobile+form%2C+translation+by+Peter+Brooke.+Originally+written+by+Gleizes+in+1925+and+published+in+a+German+version+in+1928%2C+under+the+title+Kubismus%2C+in+a+series+called+Bauhausb%C3%BCcher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterbrooke.org.uk%2Fa%2526r%2Fgltexts%2Fepic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalon+d%27Automne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brooke,_Gleizes-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brooke,_Gleizes_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brooke,_Gleizes_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522231116/http://www.peterbrooke.org.uk/a%26r/chronology">"Peter Brooke, Albert Gleizes, Chronology of his life, 1881-1953"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterbrooke.org.uk/a%26r/chronology">the original</a> on 2013-05-22. Retrieved 2013-02-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Brooke%2C+Albert+Gleizes%2C+Chronology+of+his+life%2C+1881-1953&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterbrooke.org.uk%2Fa%2526r%2Fchronology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalon+d%27Automne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Jean Metzinger, Note sur la peinture, Pan (Paris), October–November 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Mark Antliff, Patricia Dee Leighten, Cubism and Culture, Thames & Hudson, 2001 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Louis Vauxcelles, review of Salon d'Automne, Arts et Industrie, 1912; see too Escholier, Nouveau Paris, 1913 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6KzrAgAAQBAJ&dq=matisse%2C+danse+1910+Salon+d%27Automne&pg=PA465">Catherine C. Bock Weiss, Henri Matisse: A Guide to Research</a>, Artist Resource Manuals, Routledge, Feb 25, 2014, p 465, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1317947762" title="Special:BookSources/1317947762">1317947762</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2r0HrOZmCMC&pg=PA97">Douglas Cooper, The Cubist Epoch, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N.Y., Phaidon Press, 1971</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt324.html">Kubisme.info Salon d'Automne 1911</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.lib.brown.edu/mjp/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=1165303701968750">Huntley Carter, Letters from Abroad, The Post-Expressionists, The New Age, a weekly review of Politics, Literature, and Art, New series, Vol. 9. No. 26, London: The New Age Press, Ltd., Thursday October 26, 1911. p. 617</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/newspiritindrama00cart/newspiritindrama00cart_djvu.txt">Huntly Carter, The new spirit in drama & art, The New Spirit in Painting, New York, London: M. Kennerley, 1913</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7527626n/f1.item">Louis Vauxcelles, A travers les salons: promenades aux « Indépendants », Gil Blas, 18 March 1910</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Béatrice_Joyeux-Prunel-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Béatrice_Joyeux-Prunel_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Béatrice_Joyeux-Prunel_30-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://histoiremesure.revues.org/index2333.html">Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel, Histoire & Mesure, no. XXII -1 (2007), Guerre et statistiques, L'art de la mesure, Le Salon d'Automne (1903-1914), l'avant-garde, ses étranger et la nation française</a> (The Art of Measure: The Salon d'Automne Exhibition (1903-1914), the Avant-Garde, its Foreigners and the French Nation), electronic distribution Caim for Éditions de l'EHESS (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6470818j/f8.image">Journal officiel de la République française. Débats parlementaires. Chambre des députés, 3 Décembre 1912, pp. 2924-2929. Gallica, Bibliothèque nationale de France. Bibliothèque et Archives de l'Assemblée nationale, 2012-7516</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1270-5942">1270-5942</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salon_d'Automne_2012-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_d'Automne_2012_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salon_d'Automne_2012_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201192912/http://www.salon-automne.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/catalogue-SA-2012.pdf">"Salon d'Automne 2012, exhibition catalogue"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon-automne.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/catalogue-SA-2012.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2013-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salon+d%27Automne+2012%2C+exhibition+catalogue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon-automne.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F01%2Fcatalogue-SA-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalon+d%27Automne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gleizes_ca.1950-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gleizes_ca.1950_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleizes_ca.1950_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleizes_ca.1950_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleizes_ca.1950_33-3">d</a> Albert Gleizes, Letter from Gleizes to <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Dorival" class="extiw" title="fr:Bernard Dorival">Bernard Dorival</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a>, Paris) in preparation of the 1953 Cubism retrospective. See too Albert Gleizes, Genèse du Cubisme, in France, 15 October 1950. The history of Cubism at the Salon d'Automne comprises an entire chapter. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Marcel Sembat, Matisse et son œuvre, Paris, NRF, 1920: See too Henri Matisse, trente reproductions de peintures et dessins, précédées d'une étude critique par Marcel Sembat, de notices biographiques et documentaires, Paris, Éditions de la Nouvelle revue française, 1920 </li> <li id="cite_note-Débats_parlementaires-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Débats_parlementaires_35-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6470818j/f8.image.r=1912%20%20Salon%20d%27Automne%20%20Chambre%20des%20d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s%20%20cubiste%20Assembl%C3%A9e%20Nationale.langFR">Journal officiel de la République française. Débats parlementaires. Chambre des députés, 3 Décembre 1912, pp. 2924-2929. Bibliothèque et Archives de l'Assemblée nationale, 2012-7516</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1270-5942">1270-5942</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/marcel__sembat_1912.asp">Assemblée nationale, Marcel Sembat, « La liberté d'être cubiste », Discours à la Chambre des députés</a>, 3 décembre 1912 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101211145703/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/histoire/sembat-cubisme-page1.asp">Assemblée nationale, Brouillon du discours prononcé pour défendre le Salon d'Automne à la Chambre des députés</a>, 3 décembre 1912 [Draft of the speech to defend the Salon d'Automne in the Chamber of Deputies, December 3, 1912 manuscript paper] </li> <li id="cite_note-assembly-38"><a href="#cite_ref-assembly_38-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=6379">National Assembly biography</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Joel Colton, Leon Blum: Humanist in Politics, Duke University Press, 1987, p. 37 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gywIQ-h-DAIC&pg=PA37">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602141918/http://www.learn.columbia.edu/monographs/picmon/pdf/art_hum_reading_46.pdf">"Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinge, excerpt from Du Cubisme, 1912"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learn.columbia.edu/monographs/picmon/pdf/art_hum_reading_46.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2013-06-02. Retrieved 2013-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albert+Gleizes+and+Jean+Metzinge%2C+excerpt+from+Du+Cubisme%2C+1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learn.columbia.edu%2Fmonographs%2Fpicmon%2Fpdf%2Fart_hum_reading_46.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalon+d%27Automne" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vlY6SLmg-xEC&pg=PA161">Christopher Green, Art in France: 1900-1940, Chapter 8, Modern Spaces; Modern Objects; Modern People, 2000</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt324a.html">La Maison Cubiste, 1912</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313233214/http://www.kubisme.info/kt324a.html">Archived</a> 2013-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt315s.html">Kubistische werken op de Armory Show</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/images/detail/detail-duchampvillons-faade-architecturale-14604">Duchamp-Villon's Façade architecturale, 1913</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/catnter00unse/catnter00unse_djvu.txt">"Catalogue of international exhibition of modern art: at the Armory of the Sixty-ninth Infantry, 1913, Duchamp-Villon, Raymond, Façade Architectural</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kubisme.info/kt324.html">Salon d'Automne 1912, page from Excelsior reproduced</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_Cottington-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-David_Cottington_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_Cottington_47-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KFGgxn7lfq0C&pg=PR11">David Cottington, 2004, Cubism and its Histories</a>, Chapter 1, Cubism, the avant-garde and the liberal Republic, p. 3, Manchester University Press </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Patrick F. Barrer: Quand l'art du XXe siècle était conçu par les inconnus, pp. 93-101, gives an account of the debate </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/resource/cpb8XjE/rX4RGge">Kees van Dongen, Le châle espagnol, 1913, Centre Pompidou</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/354.html">Picasso and the Avant-Garde in Paris, Philadelphia Museum of Art, February 24, 2010 - May 2, 2010</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iTzniDD6EwAC&pg=PR123">Alex Danchev, Georges Braque: A Life, Arcade Publishing, 15 nov. 2005</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aN9MriMKsE">Michael Taylor, curator of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, speaks in a video about the Salon d'Automne</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/books/cone/cone12-19-05.asp">Michele C. Cone, Matisse and the Nationalism of Vichy, 1940-1944, artnet Magazine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUtley2000" class="citation book cs1">Utley, Gertje R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uo0aegArJgUC&q=%22Bull%27s+head%22+picasso+%22Mus%C3%A9e+Picasso%22&pg=PA50">Pablo Picasso: The Communist Years</a>. Yale University Press. pp. 49–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-08251-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-08251-7"><bdi>0-300-08251-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pablo+Picasso%3A+The+Communist+Years&rft.pages=49-50&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-300-08251-7&rft.aulast=Utley&rft.aufirst=Gertje+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duo0aegArJgUC%26q%3D%2522Bull%2527s%2Bhead%2522%2Bpicasso%2B%2522Mus%25C3%25A9e%2BPicasso%2522%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalon+d%27Automne" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Salon_d%27Automne&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1903salo">1903 Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Petit Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1903</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1904salo">1904 Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1904</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1905salo">1905 Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1905</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr1906salo">1906 Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1906</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesouvr00salo">1907 Salon d'automne; Société du Salon d'automne</a>, Catalogue des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, dessin, gravure, architecture et art décoratif. Exposés au Petit Palais des Champs-Élysées, 1907</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon-automne.com/en/">Official site of the Salon d'Automne</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov.au/Research/Salons.cfm#chron">Timeline of the Paris salons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/viewer/salon-d-automne-8797">Salon d' Automne, 1905. Catalog for the 3rd exhibition of the Salon d' Automne at the Grand Palais des Champs-Elysées</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160907114637/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/viewer/salon-d-automne-8797">Archived</a> 2016-09-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Paris, France. Miscellaneous art exhibition catalog collection, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosvenor School">Grosvenor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%9Btsil" title="Devětsil">Devětsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Color Field">Color Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_art" title="Mail art">Mail art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_art" title="Multidimensional art">Multidimensional art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary art">Temporary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature and poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Penguins" title="Angry Penguins">Angry Penguins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_writing" title="Conceptual writing">Conceptual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_literature" title="Experimental literature">Experimental literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginism" title="Imaginism">Imaginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_poets" title="Language poets">Language poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoavanguardia" title="Neoavanguardia">Neoavanguardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoteric" title="Neoteric">Neoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_roman" title="Nouveau roman">Nouveau roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberiu" title="Oberiu">Oberiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulipo" title="Oulipo">Oulipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slam_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam poetry">Slam poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraist_movement" title="Ultraist movement">Ultraísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_poetry" title="Visual poetry">Visual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Metal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">Aleatoric music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_theatre" title="Music theatre">Music theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic#Music" title="Stochastic">Stochastic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Textural music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalism" title="Totalism">Totalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinema and theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Art" title="Drop Art">Drop Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_theatre" title="Epic theatre">Epic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_theatre" title="Experimental theatre">Experimental theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postdramatic_theatre" title="Postdramatic theatre">Postdramatic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cruelty" title="Theatre of Cruelty">Theatre of Cruelty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Futurism" title="Russian Futurism">Russian Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-minimalism" title="Neo-minimalism">Neo-minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoism" title="Neoism">Neoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism" title="Russian symbolism">Russian symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_art_movements" title="Template talk:Western art movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern (Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-Maniera</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition to modern</a> (c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> (1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a> (1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000– present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_movements" title="Category:Art movements">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_P._Cavafy" title="Constantine P. Cavafy">Cavafy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a> (1913–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a> (1928–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a> (1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a> (1943)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a> (1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a> →</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142655121">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2065827-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011101562">United States</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86823135">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118781517">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118781517">BnF data</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" 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