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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658582">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .torna-a{font-size:95%}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint torna-a"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/18px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/27px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1leftarrow_blue.svg/36px-1leftarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Voce principale: <b><a href="/wiki/Motore_in_corrente_alternata" title="Motore in corrente alternata">Motore in corrente alternata</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Induction-motor-3a.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Induction-motor-3a.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Motore trifase asincrono</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotatingfield.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Rotatingfield.png/220px-Rotatingfield.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Rotatingfield.png/330px-Rotatingfield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Rotatingfield.png/440px-Rotatingfield.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Magnetismo statorico in un motore trifase asincrono</figcaption></figure> <p>Il <b>motore trifase</b> è un tipo di motore elettrico il cui funzionamento è basato sull'applicazione del principio del campo magnetico rotante di <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Ferraris" title="Galileo Ferraris">Galileo Ferraris</a> ad un insieme trifase di correnti in ingresso. Infatti per funzionare richiede l'utilizzo di <a href="/wiki/Sistema_trifase" title="Sistema trifase">sistema trifase</a> di correnti, sfasate tra di loro nel tempo e nello spazio di 120° elettrici. Il neutro può essere o non essere accessibile a seconda dell'applicazione prevista. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipologia">Tipologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Tipologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tipologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motore_asincrono" title="Motore asincrono">Motore asincrono</a>, è il tipo di motore trifase più utilizzato, data la sua economicità, caratterizzato da una rotazione del rotore (chiamato anche indotto) non in sincronia col campo magnetico rotante generato dall'induttore (statore). Proprio l'asincronia tra campo magnetico rotante e indotto permettono la generazione delle correnti sul rotore e la generazione della coppia erogata dal motore.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motore_sincrono" title="Motore sincrono">Motore sincrono</a>, a differenza del motore asincrono il campo magnetico rotante e il rotore ruotano in sincronia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamento_e_verso_di_rotazione">Collegamento e verso di rotazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamento e verso di rotazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamento e verso di rotazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morsettiera_trifase_stella.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Morsettiera_trifase_stella.svg/220px-Morsettiera_trifase_stella.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Morsettiera_trifase_stella.svg/330px-Morsettiera_trifase_stella.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Morsettiera_trifase_stella.svg/440px-Morsettiera_trifase_stella.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Collegamenti a stella di un motore trifase</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morsettiera_trifase_triangolo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Morsettiera_trifase_triangolo.svg/220px-Morsettiera_trifase_triangolo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Morsettiera_trifase_triangolo.svg/330px-Morsettiera_trifase_triangolo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Morsettiera_trifase_triangolo.svg/440px-Morsettiera_trifase_triangolo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Collegamenti a triangolo di un motore trifase</figcaption></figure> <p>Questo motore viene collegato alla linea trifase, che può essere da <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002230000000000000♠"></span>230 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span> o più comunemente da <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002400000000000000♠"></span>400 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span>. Dato che gli avvolgimenti che compongono il motore devono essere alimentati a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002230000000000000♠"></span>230 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span>, questo collegamento può essere di due tipi: </p> <ul><li><i>Stella</i>: questo collegamento permette di portare la tensione dai <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002400000000000000♠"></span>400 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span> della linea ai <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002230000000000000♠"></span>230 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span> sugli avvolgimenti. Nel caso di linea da <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002230000000000000♠"></span>230 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span>, può essere utilizzato anche per ridurre ulteriormente la tensione d'esercizio e ridurre la potenza assorbita: in questo caso si ha una tensione ai capi degli avvolgimenti pari a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002155000000000000♠"></span>155 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></span>.</li> <li><i>Triangolo</i>: questo collegamento conferisce agli avvolgimenti la stessa tensione della linea.</li></ul> <p>Per il verso di rotazione, se viene rispettato il collegamento delle fasi L1, L2, L3 (Ex. R, S, T) su UVW, questo deve essere orario visto dalla parte dell'asse. In qualsiasi tipo di collegamento, per poter scambiare il senso di rotazione è sufficiente scambiare due fasi (come la fase "<b>R</b>" con la fase "<b>T</b>" oppure la fase "<b>S</b>" con la fase "<b>T</b>" oppure la fase "<b>R</b>" con la fase "<b>S</b>"). </p><p>In motori di grossa potenza, per evitare l'eccessiva corrente allo spunto, viene adottato l'avviamento "stella-triangolo"; consiste nel far partire il motore a stella per qualche secondo, per poi farlo funzionare normalmente a triangolo. Esistono temporizzatori appositi per questa delicata manovra, in genere dura mezzo secondo, quanto basta per fare scambiare i contatti dei teleruttori di comando. Partendo a stella, abbiamo una corrente di spunto ridotta di 1/3, quando il motore viene poi fermato, non esegue questo scambio </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indotto/rotore"><span id="Indotto.2Frotore"></span>Indotto/rotore</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Indotto/rotore" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Indotto/rotore"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'indotto in questo motore può essere di vario tipo: </p> <ul><li><i>Gabbia di scoiattolo</i>, a seconda del tipo d'accorgimenti adoperati, questi possono essere <ul><li><i>Singola gabbia di scoiattolo</i> <ul><li><i>A Coppa</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Doppia gabbia di scoiattolo</i></li> <li><i>A barre profonde</i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Rotore avvolto con collettore ad anelli coassiali</i></li> <li><i>A espansioni polari</i>, utilizzato per il <a href="/wiki/Motore_sincrono" title="Motore sincrono">motore sincrono</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Rotore_(elettrotecnica)#Motori_in_corrente_alternata" title="Rotore (elettrotecnica)">Rotore (elettrotecnica) § Motori in corrente alternata</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motori_a_campo_magnetico_rotante_con_alimentazione_monofase">Motori a campo magnetico rotante con alimentazione monofase</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Motori a campo magnetico rotante con alimentazione monofase" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Motori a campo magnetico rotante con alimentazione monofase"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il principio del campo magnetico rotante può essere applicato anche con alimentazione monofase, purché tramite apposito circuito si riesca a generare due correnti sfasate circa di 90° e applicate su avvolgimenti ortogonali tra di loro. Questo può essere facilmente ottenuto grazie all'utilizzo di un condensatore, la cui caratteristica di trasferimento tensione corrente produce proprio uno sfasamento che idealmente sarebbe di 90°. Tuttavia, poiché lo sfasamento non è preciso il rendimento del motore si riduce drasticamente e la potenza generata dal motore elettrico si riduce al 60-70% rispetto alle sue condizioni ideali<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, per calcolare la capacità del condensatore da utilizzare si utilizza una formula matematica approssimativa<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C=50\cdot P_{(CV)}\cdot ({\frac {230}{V}})^{2}\cdot {\frac {50}{f}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>50</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>230</mn> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>50</mn> <mi>f</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C=50\cdot P_{(CV)}\cdot ({\frac {230}{V}})^{2}\cdot {\frac {50}{f}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c077d2781160c9eb7fe4c3bbc11740c43d90a3a4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:28.092ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C=50\cdot P_{(CV)}\cdot ({\frac {230}{V}})^{2}\cdot {\frac {50}{f}}}"></span> </p><p>Legenda:<br /> C = Capacità del condensatore in μF<br /> P = Potenza meccanica del motore espressa in <a href="/wiki/Cavallo_vapore" title="Cavallo vapore">CV</a><br /> V = Tensione di rete (monofase)<br /> f = Frequenza di rete </p><p>Il motore a campo magnetico rotante monofase è comunissimo in molti piccoli elettrodomestici, come gli asciugacapelli (phon) e i ventilatori. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.claredot.net/it/sez_Elettrotec/motore-trifase-alimentato-monofase.php">Alimentare un motore trifase con corrente alternata monofase.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electroyou.it/attilio/wiki/come-collegare-un-motore-trifase-400v-a-rete-monofase-230v">Come collegare un motore trifase 400 V a rete monofase 230 V</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motore_elettrico" title="Motore elettrico">Motore elettrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motore_in_corrente_alternata" title="Motore in corrente alternata">Motore in corrente alternata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasformazioni_stella-triangolo" title="Trasformazioni stella-triangolo">Trasformazioni stella-triangolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motore_monofase" title="Motore monofase">Motore monofase</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Electric motors 3-Phase"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electric_motors_3-Phase?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electric_motors_3-Phase?uselang=it">Motore trifase</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motore_trifase&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elektro.it/motore_monofase/motore_monofase_03.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Elektro.it il motore trifase collegato a una rete monofase (azionamento a scalpellino)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">elektro.it</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511063240/http://www.plcforum.it/forums/index.php?showforum=5"><span style="font-style:italic;">Forum su Motori elettrici</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">plcforum.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 18 gennaio 2011</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.plcforum.it/forums/index.php?showforum=5">url originale</abbr> l'11 maggio 2011)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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