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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Filosofía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filosofía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Filosofía"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filosofía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-O_corpo_en_xeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_corpo_en_xeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>O corpo en xeral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_corpo_en_xeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O_cidadán_e_o_Estado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_cidadán_e_o_Estado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>O cidadán e o Estado</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-John_Bramhall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_Bramhall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>John Bramhall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_Bramhall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_Wallis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_Wallis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>John Wallis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_Wallis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ateismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ateismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ateismo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ateismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Obras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Hobbes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 107 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B6%E1%88%9B%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%86%E1%89%A5%E1%88%B5" title="ቶማስ ሆብስ – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቶማስ ሆብስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="توماس هوبز – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توماس هوبز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="توماس هوبز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس هوبز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Hobbs" title="Tomas Hobbs – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tomas Hobbs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Гоббс – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Томас Гоббс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Гобс – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Томас Гобс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Хобс – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Томас Хобс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8" title="টমাস হব্‌স – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টমাস হব্‌স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%BE%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="تۆماس ھۆبز – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆماس ھۆبز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Гоббс – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Томас Гоббс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%82" title="Τόμας Χομπς – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόμας Χομπς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="توماس هابز – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس هابز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="टॉमस हॉब्ज – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="टॉमस हॉब्ज" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1" title="תומאס הובס – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס הובס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="टामस हाब्स – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टामस हाब्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%BD" title="Թոմաս Հոբս – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմաս Հոբս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%83%E3%83%96%E3%82%BA" title="トマス・ホッブズ – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トマス・ホッブズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ტომას ჰობზი – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტომას ჰობზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Гоббс – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Томас Гоббс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಥಾಮಸ್ ಹಾಬ್ಸ್ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಥಾಮಸ್ ಹಾಬ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%99%89%EC%8A%A4" title="토머스 홉스 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토머스 홉스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Гоббс – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Томас Гоббс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbius" title="Thomas Hobbius – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Hobbius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomass_Hobss" title="Tomass Hobss – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tomass Hobss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Хобс – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Томас Хобс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="തോമസ് ഹോബ്സ് – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തോമസ് ഹോബ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="تامس هابز – mazandaraní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تامس هابز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B8" title="ਥਾਮਸ ਹੋਬਸ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥਾਮਸ ਹੋਬਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="توماس هابز – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توماس هابز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гоббс, Томас – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гоббс, Томас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_hobis" title="Tomas hobis – somalí" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tomas hobis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Хобс – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Томас Хобс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="தாமசு ஆபிசு – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாமசு ஆபிசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="థామస్ హాబ్స్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="థామస్ హాబ్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Ҳобс – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Томас Ҳобс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="โทมัส ฮอบส์ – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โทมัส ฮอบส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Hobbes" title="Tomas Hobbes – turkmeno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Һоббс – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Томас Һоббс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Гоббс – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томас Гоббс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Gobbs" title="Tomas Gobbs – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tomas Gobbs" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="托马斯·霍布斯 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="托马斯·霍布斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="თომას ჰობსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თომას ჰობსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="托马斯·霍布斯 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托马斯·霍布斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thomas Hobbes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E7%91%AA%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%80%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="湯瑪斯賀布斯 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="湯瑪斯賀布斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37621#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6852753">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titleclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle_pharaon{color:#202122;background-color:#f1f1de}.mw-parser-output .infobox_aboveclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{color:#202122;background-color:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox_center_BG{text-align:center;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_coa{padding-top:0.3em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#3C7790}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}</style> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modelo:Biografía"><img alt="Modelo:Biografía" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Thomas Hobbes</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Thomas_Hobbes_(portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg/285px-Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg/427px-Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg/569px-Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1169" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P18" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografía</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nacemento</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">5 de abril de 1588 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P569" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q745956" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q745956">Westport (Reino de Inglaterra)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P19" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Morte</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">4 de decembro de 1679 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P570" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (91 anos)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2526406" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2526406">Hardwick Hall, Reino Unido</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2526406?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P20" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lugar de sepultura</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17530701" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q17530701">Church of St John the Baptist, Ault Hucknall</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17530701?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small><sup><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=gl&pagename=Thomas_Hobbes&params=53.18216_N_-1.301999_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 53°10′56″N 1°18′07″O"><span class="latitude">53°10′56″N </span><span class="longitude">1°18′07″O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 53.18216 -1.301999"><span class="geo"><span class="latitude">53.18216, </span><span class="longitude">-1.301999</span></span></span></span></a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P119" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Educación</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81162" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q81162">Magdalen College</a> <small>- <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1765120" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1765120">grao en Artes</a> (–1608)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Oxford" title="Universidade de Oxford">Universidade de Oxford</a> <small>- <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3xica" title="Lóxica">lóxica</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> (1603–1608) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P69" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Actividade</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Campo de traballo</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía">Filosofía</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1331392" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1331392">Teoría do dereito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética">Ética</a> e <a href="/wiki/Xeometr%C3%ADa" title="Xeometría">xeometría</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P101" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ocupación</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1238570" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1238570">politicólogo</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q201788" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q201788">historiador</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333634" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q333634">tradutor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escritor,_escritora" title="Escritor, escritora">escritor</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q656823" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q656823">in-home tutor</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656823?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtico,_pol%C3%ADtica" title="Político, política">político</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4964182" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4964182">filósofo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economista" title="Economista">economista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tico,_matem%C3%A1tica" title="Matemático, matemática">matemático</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23760244" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q23760244">filósofo do dereito</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P106" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Período de tempo</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q550113" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q550113">Filosofia do século XVII</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550113?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P2348" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Empregador</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2084968" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2084968">William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2084968?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(1653–1679) </small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2084968" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2084968">William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2084968?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(1631–1642) </small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7526961" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7526961">Sir Gervase Clifton, 1st Baronet</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7526961?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(1628–1631) </small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1101373" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1101373">William Cavendish, 1.° Duque de Newcastle-upon-Tyne</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1101373?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(1608–1628) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P108" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movemento</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo">Empirismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Determinismo" title="Determinismo">determinismo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Positivismo_xur%C3%ADdico" title="Positivismo xurídico">Positivismo xurídico</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P135" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alumnos</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2756020" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2756020">William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Devonshire</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2756020?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P802" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Influencias</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%B3n" title="Platón">Platón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a> e <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(fil%C3%B3sofo)" title="Francis Bacon (filósofo)">Francis Bacon</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P737" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mecenas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2958696" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2958696">Charles Cavendish</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2958696?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P859" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Obra</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><b>Obras destacables</b></div><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(1642)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1149540" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1149540">Do Cidadão</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149540?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1651)</small> <a href="/wiki/Leviat%C3%A1n_(Hobbes)" title="Leviatán (Hobbes)">Leviatán (Hobbes)</a></li><li><small>(1655)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5244329" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5244329">De Corpore</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5244329?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1658)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129759346" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q129759346">De Homine</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129759346?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P800" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="infobox_coa"><b> Sinatura </b><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Thomas_Hobbes_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Thomas_Hobbes_signature.png/220px-Thomas_Hobbes_signature.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Thomas_Hobbes_signature.png/330px-Thomas_Hobbes_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Thomas_Hobbes_signature.png/440px-Thomas_Hobbes_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P109" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descrito pola fonte</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><small><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17378135" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q17378135">Grande Enciclopedia Soviética 1969-1978</a>, (sec:Гоббс Томас)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15987216" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15987216">Dictionary of National Biography</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19180675" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q19180675">Pequeno Dicionario Enciclopédico de Brockhaus e Efron</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#P1343" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://datos.bne.es/persona/XX856588" title="BNE: XX856588" rel="nofollow"><img alt="BNE: XX856588" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/20px-BNE_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/30px-BNE_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/40px-BNE_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Hobbes-57" title="WikiTree: Hobbes-57" rel="nofollow"><img alt="WikiTree: Hobbes-57" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiTree.png/22px-WikiTree.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiTree.png/33px-WikiTree.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WikiTree.png/44px-WikiTree.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="214" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6903" title="Find a Grave: 6903" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Find a Grave: 6903" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/22px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37621?uselang=gl#identifiers" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cómpre aumentar as referencias"><img alt="Cómpre aumentar as referencias" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo <b>precisa de máis <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citar_as_fontes" title="Wikipedia:Citar as fontes">fontes ou referencias</a></b> que aparezan nunha <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidade">publicación acreditada</a> que poidan verificar o seu contido, como libros ou outras publicacións especializadas no tema. Por favor, axude <a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit">mellorando este artigo</a>. <small><i>(Desde xullo de 2016.)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Hobbes</b>, nado o <a href="/wiki/5_de_abril" title="5 de abril">5 de abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a> e finado o <a href="/wiki/4_de_decembro" title="4 de decembro">4 de decembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>, foi un <a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%B3sofo" class="mw-redirect" title="Filósofo">filósofo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtico" class="mw-redirect" title="Político">político</a> <a href="/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra">inglés</a> do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVII" title="Século XVII">século XVII</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traxectoria">Traxectoria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Traxectoria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Traxectoria"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fixo estudos superiores en <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, a partir de <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a> foi nomeado preceptor dun dos fillos da poderosa casa dos Cavendish, dada a morte do seu alumno en <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a> marchou para <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, en dito país permaneceu ata <a href="/wiki/1631" title="1631">1631</a> cando os Cavendish o reclamaron para ser preceptor doutro dos seus fillos. Tamén foi preceptor, a partir do ano <a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>, de Carlos Estuardo, que despois sería o futuro rei <a href="/wiki/Carlos_II_de_Inglaterra" title="Carlos II de Inglaterra">Carlos II</a>. Foi considerado ao longo da historia unha persoa escura, feito polo que en <a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a> foron queimados os seus libros, sendo considerado un ateo. Foi un inimigo da <a href="/wiki/Igrexa_anglicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Igrexa anglicana">Igrexa anglicana</a> e da <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Oxford" title="Universidade de Oxford">Universidade de Oxford</a>. </p><p>Mostrouse contrario a <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> e máis aínda á <a href="/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa_escol%C3%A1stica" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofía escolástica">filosofía escolástica</a>. Polo contrario entusiasmáronlle os <a href="/wiki/Elementos_de_Euclides" title="Elementos de Euclides">Elementos de Euclides</a> así como o racionalismo cartesiano, cos temas correspondentes a <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Revolución científica">revolución científica</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(fil%C3%B3sofo)" title="Francis Bacon (filósofo)">Francis Bacon</a>, coa súa concepción utilitarista do saber. Pero quen máis influíu sobre el foi <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> coa súa física. </p><p>Foi un dos fundadores da filosofía política moderna e da ciencia política. A súa comprensión dos seres humanos como materia e movemento, obedecendo as mesmas leis físicas como a outra materia e o movemento, segue sendo influente. E a súa conta da natureza humana como a cooperación de intereses propios e das comunidades políticas baseadas nun "contrato social" segue sendo un dos grandes temas da filosofía política. </p><p>Non só era un campión do absolutismo para o soberano, senón que tamén desenvolveu algúns dos fundamentos do pensamento liberal europeo: os dereitos da persoa, a igualdade natural de todos os homes, o carácter artificial da orde política (que levou á posterior distinción entre sociedade civil e Estado), a opinión de que todo o poder político lexítimo debe ser "representativo" baséase no consentimento do pobo, e nunha interpretación liberal da lei que deixa á xente a liberdade de facer o que a lei non prohibe explicitamente. </p><p>Ademais da filosofía política, tamén contribuíu a unha ampla gama doutros campos, incluíndo <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xeometr%C3%ADa" title="Xeometría">xeometría</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> dos gases, <a href="/wiki/Teolox%C3%ADa" title="Teoloxía">teoloxía</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética">ética</a> e <a href="/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía">filosofía</a> en xeral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosofía"><span id="Filosof.C3.ADa"></span>Filosofía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Filosofía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Filosofía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De acordo con Hobbes a filosofía débese dividir en tres partes: 1. O corpo en xeral, 2. O home e 3. O cidadán e o Estado. Para o que elaborou a súa célebre triloxía De corpore, De homine e De cive. Todo o que é a esencia espiritual, o que non é corpóreo, queda excluído da filosofía para Hobbes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_corpo_en_xeral">O corpo en xeral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «O corpo en xeral»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O corpo en xeral"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os modelos de tal ciencia son a xeometría de <a href="/wiki/Euclides" title="Euclides">Euclides</a> e a física de <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>. Segundo Hobbes coñecemos á perfección o que nós mesmos establecemos, facemos e construímos, non obstante, non podemos coñecer coa mesma certeza as cousas naturais, porque nos non as construímos; como as cousas naturais xorden do movemento, descóbrese que esta é a súa causa principal. Tamén trata de explicar a mesma sensación en base ao movemento e máis en particular no movemento xerado polo obxecto no suxeito que sente, o cal á súa vez reacciona con outro movemento, do que xorde precisamente a imaxe. Tamén son movementos os sentidos de <a href="/wiki/Pracer" title="Pracer">pracer</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Dor" title="Dor">dor</a>, o apetito e o <a href="/wiki/Desexo_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Desexo (filosofía)">desexo</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Amor" title="Amor">amor</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Odio" title="Odio">odio</a> e a vontade mesma. Por conseguinte, négase a liberdade, posto que os movementos e os nexos mecánicos que proceden destes, son rigorosamente necesarios. Neste horizonte, tampouco parece haber espazo para o ben (ou o mal) obxectivo, nin para os valores morais. Se o ben é relativo e non existen valores absolutos, como é posible construír unha moral e unha vida en sociedade? Como se fai posible a convivencia dos homes en sociedade? Estas dúas cuestións respóndense a través das obras principais de Hobbes, <i>De cive</i> e <i>Leviatián</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="O_cidadán_e_o_Estado"><span id="O_cidad.C3.A1n_e_o_Estado"></span>O cidadán e o Estado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «O cidadán e o Estado»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: O cidadán e o Estado"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na base do enfoque que Hobbes nos brinda acerca da sociedade e do estado hai dous supostos fundamentais. En primeiro lugar admite que, aínda que todos os bens sexan relativos, existe entre eles un ben primeiro e orixinario que é a vida e a súa conservación (polo tanto hai un primeiro <a href="/wiki/Mal_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Mal (filosofía)">Mal (filosofía)</a>, a morte). En segundo lugar nega que exista unha xustiza e unha inxustiza naturais, posto que non hai valores absolutos: Estes non son outra cousa que o froito de convencións establecidas por nós mesmos, cognoscibles de maneira perfecta e a priori. </p><p>O estado, non é algo natural, senón artificial. Os homes encóntranse nunha condición de guerra de todos contra todos. Cada un tende a apropiarse de todo o que lle serve para a súa propia supervivencia e conservación. Como todos teñen o dereito sobre todo e a natureza non colocou ningún límite, de aquí xorde o inevitable predominio duns sobre outros. Neste contexto Hobbes utiliza a frase de <a href="/wiki/Plauto" title="Plauto">Plauto</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_homini_lupus" title="Homo homini lupus">homo homini lupus</a></i>, "o home é un lobo para o home", cousa que non obstante non posúe aquel pesimismo moral, radical e lúgubre, que moitos detectaron, porque se limita a ser un mero cualificativo estrutural, que indica unha situación á que hai que poñer remedio. </p><p>Nestas circunstancias o home arriscase a perder o ben primario, a vida, ao acharse exposto en todo momento ao perigo dunha morte violenta. O home pode superar tal situación grazas a dous elementos: determinados instintos e a razón. Os instintos son o desexo de evitar a guerra continua, para salvar a vida, e a necesidade de procurarse o necesario para a subsistencia. A razón enténdese aquí non como un valor en si, senón como un instrumento apto para realizar aqueles desexos fundamentais. Nacen así as leis de natureza, que non son máis que a racionalización do egoísmo, as normas que permiten satisfacer os instintos de autoconservación. Tres leis son as máis importantes: </p><p>1. A primeira regra, de carácter fundamental, ordena esforzarse por buscar a paz. Hobbes sostén: "Constitúe un precepto ou regra xeral que todos os homes deben esforzarse pola paz, sempre que haxa esperanza de obtela, e cando non sa poida obter, busque todas as axudas e vantaxes da guerra. A primeira parte desta regra conten a primeira e fundamental lei da natureza, que é defenderse con todos os medios posibles". </p><p>2. A segunda regra impón renunciar ao dereito sobre todo, a aquel dereito que se posúe no estado de natureza e que é o que desencadea todos os enfrontamentos. </p><p>3. A terceira lei manda, unha vez que se renunciou o dereito sobre todo, "que se cumpran os pactos establecidos". De aquí nace a xustiza e a inxustiza (a xustiza é aterse aos pactos realizados; a inxustiza consiste en transgredilos). </p><p>Estas leis non son suficientes por si mesmas para constituír a sociedade, xa que é preciso que tamén exista un poder que obrigue a respectalas. Por conseguinte, segundo Hobbes é preciso que todos os homes encarguen a un único home a súa representación. Posto que o soberano non entra no xogo dos pactos, unha vez que recibiu nas súas mans todos os dereitos dos cidadáns, deténtaos de maneira irreevocable. Tamén pode intervir en cuestión de opinións, xulgando, aprobando ou prohibindo determinadas ideas. Todos os poderes deben concentrarse nas súas mans. Mesmo a igrexa debe estarlle sometida. Polo tanto, o Estado tamén intervirá en materia de relixión. E como Hobbes cre na revelación e na <a href="/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia">Biblia</a>, o Estado ao que se refire deberá arbitrar en materias de interpretación das Escrituras e dogmática relixiosa, evitando así todo motivo de discordia. Trátase da teoría máis radical do Estado absolutista, que non se deduce do dereito divino, senón do pacto social antes descrito. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leviatán"><span id="Leviat.C3.A1n"></span><i>Leviatán</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Leviatán»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Leviatán"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na Biblia, no libro de Xob (caps. 40-41) descríbese o <i>Leviatán</i> (que significa literalmente "crocodilo") como un monstro invencible. Hobbes utiliza o nome "Leviatán" para designar o Estado como título da obra que sintetiza todo o seu pensamento. Ao mesmo tempo, non obstante, desígnao como "Deus mortal" porque a el, por debaixo do Deus inmortal, debémoslle a paz e a defensa da nosa vida. Esta dobre denominación resulta sumamente significativa: o Estado absolutista que Hobbes edificou é, en realidade, metade monstro e metade Deus mortal. </p><p>Hobbes establece a súa doutrina da fundación dos <a href="/wiki/Estado" title="Estado">estados</a> e os gobernos lexítimos e a creación dunha ciencia obxectiva da moralidade. Isto deu lugar á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%ADa_do_contrato_social&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoría do contrato social (a páxina aínda non existe)">teoría do contrato social</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(libro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviathan (libro)">Leviatán</a></i> foi escrito durante a <a href="/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Inglesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra Civil Inglesa">Guerra Civil Inglesa</a>, gran parte del ocúpase da demostración da necesidade dunha autoridade central forte para evitar o mal da discordia e a guerra civil. </p><p>A partir dunha comprensión mecanicista dos seres humanos e as paixóns, Hobbes postula o que sería a vida sen goberno, unha condición que el chama o estado de natureza, gran parte disto baseábase nas obras de <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a>. Nese estado, cada persoa tería dereito ou licenza, a todo o mundo. Isto, argumenta Hobbes, conduciría a unha "guerra de todos contra todos" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellum_omnium_erga_contra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellum omnium erga contra (a páxina aínda non existe)">bellum omnium erga contra</a>). A descrición contén o que se chamou unha das pasaxes máis coñecidas da filosofía inglesa, que describe a humanidade tal e como sería en estado natural, se non fose pola comunidade política: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6856698">.mw-parser-output .flexquote{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border-left:3px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);font-size:90%;margin:1em 4em;padding:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.quote{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.separator{border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);margin:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.cite{text-align:right}@media all and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{flex-direction:column}}</style> <blockquote class="flexquote"> <div class="flex"> <div class="quote">En tales condicións, non hai lugar para a industria, porque o seu froito é incerto, e en consecuencia, non hai cultura da terra, nin navegación, nin uso dos produtos que poden ser importados por mar; ningún edificio cómodo, non hai instrumentos de moverse, e a eliminación, cousas que requiren moita forza, sen o coñecemento da face da terra; non ten en conta o tempo, non hai arte, nin cartas, nin sociedade, e o que é peor de todo hai medo continuo e perigo de morte violenta. A vida do home é solitaria, pobre, desagradable, brutal e curta. (Capítulo XIII: Da condición natural da humanidade en canto a súa felicidade e a miseria)</div> </div> </blockquote> <p>En tal estado, a xente teme a morte, e carecen tanto das cousas necesarias para unha vida confortable, como da esperanza de ser capaz de traballar duro para obtelas. Así que coa fin de evitar que as persoas accedan a un contrato social e establecer unha sociedade civil. Segundo Hobbes, a sociedade é unha poboación baixo unha autoridade soberana, á que todos os individuos desa sociedade ceden algúns dereitos de protección. Calquera abuso de poder por parte desta autoridade non se pode resistir, porque o poder soberano do protector ven a causa das persoas que renden o seu propio poder soberano para a protección e polo tanto eles son os autores de todas as decisións tomadas polo soberano. "O que se queixou da lesión da súa soberanía, queixouse do que el mesmo é o autor, e polo tanto non debería acusar a calquera home, senón a si mesmo, non a si mesmo das lesións xa que facer dano a un mesmo é imposible." Non hai doutrina de separación de poderes na discusión de Hobbes. Segundo el, o soberano debe controlar os poderes civís, militares, xudiciais, e os poderes eclesiásticos. No libro estableceu as bases para a maior parte da filosofía política occidental desde a perspectiva da teoría do contrato social. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oposición"><span id="Oposici.C3.B3n"></span>Oposición</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Oposición»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Oposición"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Bramhall">John Bramhall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «John Bramhall»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: John Bramhall"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hobbes volveu para completar o tratado fundamental do seu sistema filosófico. Traballou de maneira constante en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Corpore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Corpore (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Corpore</a></i> que foi impreso por primeira vez en <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>. En 1654, un pequeno tratado, da liberdade e a necesidade, foi publicado polo bispo <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bramhall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bramhall (a páxina aínda non existe)">John Bramhall</a>, dirixido a Hobbes. Bramhall, un arminiano forte, coñecera e debatera con Hobbes'e despois anotou o seu punto de vista enviounos de forma privada para ser respondido por Hobbes. O cal respondeu debidamente, pero non para a súa publicación. Pero un coñecido francés tomou unha copia da resposta e publicouna como "unha <a href="/wiki/Ep%C3%ADstola" title="Epístola">epístola</a> extravagante laudatoria." Bramhall contraatacou en <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>, cando se imprimiu todo o que pasou entre eles (baixo o título de <i>A Defence of the True Liberty of Human Actions from Antecedent or Extrinsic Necessity</i>). En <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a> Hobbes estaba preparado con <i>The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance</i>, no que respondeu "cunha forza asombrosa" ao bispo. Como a primeira exposición clara da doutrina do determinismo psicolóxico, de Hobbes propiciou dúas pezas importantes na historia da controversia do libre albedrío. O bispo volveu á carga en <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a> con <i>Castigations of Mr Hobbes's Animadversions</i>, e tamén se inclúe un apéndice titulado <i>The Catching of Leviathan the Great Whale</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Wallis">John Wallis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «John Wallis»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: John Wallis"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hobbes opúxose aos acordos académicos existentes, e atacou o sistema das universidades orixinais en <i>Leviatán</i>. Despois pasou a publicar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Corpore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Corpore (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Corpore</a></i>, que contiña non só os puntos de vista tendenciosos sobre as <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas" title="Matemáticas">matemáticas</a>, senón tamén unha proba da inaceptable cuadratura do círculo. Todo isto levou aos matemáticos a unha polémica provocada por <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wallis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wallis (a páxina aínda non existe)">John Wallis</a> para converterse nun dos seus opositores máis persistentes. Desde <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>, a data da publicación de <i>De Corpore</i>, Hobbes e Wallis tratando de refutar constantemente as posicións de cada un. Despois de anos de debate, a disputa sobre a proba da cuadratura do círculo gañou tal notoriedade que este conflito converteuse nun dos máis infames na historia das matemáticas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ateismo">Ateismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Ateismo»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ateismo"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hobbes foi acusado de <a href="/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo" title="Ateísmo">ateísmo</a>, ou (no caso de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bramhall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bramhall (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bramhall</a> ) das ensinanzas que poderían levar ao ateísmo. Esta foi unha acusación importante, e o propio Hobbes escribiu, na súa resposta a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bramhall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bramhall (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bramhall</a> de "A captura do Leviatán ", que "o ateísmo, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impiedade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impiedade (a páxina aínda non existe)">impiedade</a>, e similares son palabras da maior difamación posible". </p><p>Hobbes sempre se defendeu de tales acusacións. En tempos máis recentes tamén se falou moito dos seus puntos de vista relixiosos polos estudosos como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Meta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Meta (a páxina aínda non existe)">Richard Meta</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=JGA_Pocock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JGA Pocock (a páxina aínda non existe)">JGA Pocock</a>, pero aínda hai un amplo desacordo sobre o significado exacto de puntos de vista infrecuentes de Hobbes sobre a relixión. </p><p>Como Martinich (<a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>) sinalou, nos tempos de Hobbes, o termo "<a href="/wiki/Ateo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateo">ateo</a>" aplícase con frecuencia á xente que cría en Deus, pero non na providencia divina, ou para xente que cría en Deus, pero tamén mantiña outras crenzas que eran incompatibles con tales crenzas. El di que este "tipo de discrepancia levou a moitos erros na determinación de que era un ateo na Idade Moderna". Neste sentido moderno temperán estendido do ateísmo, Hobbes tivo efectivamente as posicións que estaban en desacordo coas ensinanzas da igrexa do seu tempo. Por exemplo, argumentou en varias ocasións que non hai substancias incorpóreas, e que todas as cousas, incluíndo os pensamentos humanos, e incluso Deus, o ceo e o inferno son corpóreos, materia en movemento. Sostivo que "a pesar de que a Escritura recoñece espíritos, en ningunha parte din que son incorpóreos, significando con iso sen dimensións e cantidade"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>. Tamén, ao igual que <a href="/wiki/Locke" class="mw-redirect" title="Locke">Locke</a>, afirmou que a verdadeira revelación nunca pode estar en desacordo coa razón humana e a experiencia, aínda que tamén argumenta que a xente debe aceptar a revelación e as súas interpretacións tamén pola razón de que deben aceptar os comandos do seu soberano, coa fin de evitar a guerra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obras">Obras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Obras»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Obras"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traduci%C3%B3n_latina_de_Euripides%27_Medea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tradución latina de Euripides' Medea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tradución latina de Euripides' Medea</a> (perdida)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><i>Tres dos discursos en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horae_Subsecivae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horae Subsecivae (a páxina aínda non existe)">Horae Subsecivae</a>: Observacións e discursos (<a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Discourse_of_Tacitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Discourse of Tacitus (a páxina aínda non existe)">A Discourse of Tacitus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Discourse_of_Rome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Discourse of Rome (a páxina aínda non existe)">A Discourse of Rome</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Discourse_of_Laws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Discourse of Laws (a páxina aínda non existe)">A Discourse of Laws</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Mirabilis_Pecci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Mirabilis Pecci (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Mirabilis Pecci</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Being_the_Wonders_of_the_Peak_in_Darby-shire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Being the Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire (a páxina aínda non existe)">Being the Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire</a>, (poema publicado por primeira en <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>) (<a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Books_of_the_Peloponnesian_Warre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eight Books of the Peloponnesian Warre (a páxina aínda non existe)">Eight Books of the Peloponnesian Warre</a> a tradución con unha introdución de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thucydides%27s_History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War (a páxina aínda non existe)">Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Briefe_of_the_Art_of_Rhetorique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique (a páxina aínda non existe)">A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique</a> (na edición de Molesworth o título é <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Whole_Art_of_Rhetoric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Whole Art of Rhetoric (a páxina aínda non existe)">The Whole Art of Rhetoric</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1637" title="1637">1637</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elements_of_Law,_Natural_and_Politic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elements of Law, Natural and Politic (a páxina aínda non existe)">Elements of Law, Natural and Politic</a> (só en copias manuscritas, editada por primeira vez, sen o permiso de <b>Hobbes</b></i><b> en <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>) (<a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</b></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Objectiones_ad_Cartesii_Meditationes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objectiones ad Cartesii Meditationes (a páxina aínda non existe)">Objectiones ad Cartesii Meditationes</a> (Terceira serie de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objections (a páxina aínda non existe)">Objections</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Cive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Cive (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Cive</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1642" title="1642">1642</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Motu,_Loco_et_Tempore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Motu, Loco et Tempore (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Motu, Loco et Tempore</a> (primeira edición en 1973 co título de:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_White%27s_De_Mundo_Examined&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas White's De Mundo Examined (a páxina aínda non existe)">Thomas White's De Mundo Examined</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a>)</li> <li><i>Parte de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praefatio_to_Mersenni_Ballistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praefatio to Mersenni Ballistica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Praefatio to Mersenni Ballistica</a> (in F. Marini Mersenni minimi Cogitata physico-mathematica. In quibus tam naturae quàm artis effectus admirandi certissimis demonstrationibus explicantur)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opticae,_liber_septimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opticae, liber septimus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Opticae, liber septimus</a> (escrito en <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractatus_opticus_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractatus opticus II (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tractatus opticus II</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1644" title="1644">1644</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Minute_or_First_Draught_of_the_Optiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Minute or First Draught of the Optiques (a páxina aínda non existe)">A Minute or First Draught of the Optiques</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Of_Liberty_and_Necessity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Of Liberty and Necessity (a páxina aínda non existe)">Of Liberty and Necessity</a> (publicado sen o permiso de '</i>Hobbes<i> en <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1646" title="1646">1646</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementorum_Philosophiae_Sectio_Tertia_De_Cive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementorum Philosophiae Sectio Tertia De Cive (a páxina aínda non existe)">Elementorum Philosophiae Sectio Tertia De Cive</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Answer_to_Sir_William_Davenant%27s_Preface_before_Gondibert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Answer to Sir William Davenant's Preface before Gondibert (a páxina aínda non existe)">Answer to Sir William Davenant's Preface before Gondibert</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Nature:_or_The_fundamental_Elements_of_Policie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Nature: or The fundamental Elements of Policie (a páxina aínda non existe)">Human Nature: or The fundamental Elements of Policie</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirated_Edition_of_The_Elements_of_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirated Edition of The Elements of Law (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pirated Edition of The Elements of Law</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>) dividido en dúas partes: <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Nature,_or_the_Fundamental_Elements_of_Policie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policie (a páxina aínda non existe)">Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Corpore_Politico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Corpore Politico (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Corpore Politico</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophical_Rudiments_concerning_Government_and_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophical Rudiments concerning Government and Society (a páxina aínda non existe)">Philosophical Rudiments concerning Government and Society</a> (Tradución inglesa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Cive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Cive (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Cive</a>) (<a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan,_or_the_Matter,_Forme,_and_Power_of_a_Commonwealth,_Ecclesiasticall_and_Civil" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil">Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Of_Libertie_and_Necessitie,_a_Treatise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Of Libertie and Necessitie, a Treatise (a páxina aínda non existe)">Of Libertie and Necessitie, a Treatise</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Corpore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Corpore (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Corpore</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elements_of_Philosophy,_The_First_Section,_Concerning_Body&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elements of Philosophy, The First Section, Concerning Body (a páxina aínda non existe)">Elements of Philosophy, The First Section, Concerning Body</a> (tradución anónima de <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Corpore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Corpore (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Corpore</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six_Lessons_to_the_Professor_of_Mathematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Six Lessons to the Professor of Mathematics (a páxina aínda non existe)">Six Lessons to the Professor of Mathematics</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Questions_concerning_Liberty,_Necessity_and_Chance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance (a páxina aínda non existe)">The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance</a> (reimpresión de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Of_Libertie_and_Necessitie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Of Libertie and Necessitie (a páxina aínda non existe)">Of Libertie and Necessitie</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stigmai,_or_Marks_of_the_Absurd_Geometry,_Rural_Language,_Scottish_Church_Politics,_and_Barbarisms_of_John_Wallis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stigmai, or Marks of the Absurd Geometry, Rural Language, Scottish Church Politics, and Barbarisms of John Wallis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Stigmai, or Marks of the Absurd Geometry, Rural Language, Scottish Church Politics, and Barbarisms of John Wallis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementorum_Philosophiae_Sectio_Secunda_De_Homine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementorum Philosophiae Sectio Secunda De Homine (a páxina aínda non existe)">Elementorum Philosophiae Sectio Secunda De Homine</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Examinatio_et_emendatio_mathematicae_hodiernae_qualis_explicatur_in_libris_Johannis_Wallisii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Examinatio et emendatio mathematicae hodiernae qualis explicatur in libris Johannis Wallisii (a páxina aínda non existe)">Examinatio et emendatio mathematicae hodiernae qualis explicatur in libris Johannis Wallisii</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialogus_physicus,_sive_De_natura_aeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialogus physicus, sive De natura aeris (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dialogus physicus, sive De natura aeris</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Problematica_Physica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problematica Physica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Problematica Physica</a> (traducido en inglés en <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a> como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Philosophical_Problems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Philosophical Problems (a páxina aínda non existe)">Seven Philosophical Problems</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Philosophical_Problems,_and_Two_Propositions_of_Geometru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Philosophical Problems, and Two Propositions of Geometru (a páxina aínda non existe)">Seven Philosophical Problems, and Two Propositions of Geometru</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mr._Hobbes_Considered_in_his_Loyalty,_Religion,_Reputation,_and_Manners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mr. Hobbes Considered in his Loyalty, Religion, Reputation, and Manners (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mr. Hobbes Considered in his Loyalty, Religion, Reputation, and Manners</a>. A modo de carta ao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Wallis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Wallis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dr. Wallis</a> (autobiografía inglesa)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Principis_%26_Ratiocinatione_Geometrarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Principis & Ratiocinatione Geometrarum (a páxina aínda non existe)">De Principis & Ratiocinatione Geometrarum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Dialogue_between_a_Philosopher_and_a_Student_of_the_Common_Laws_of_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England (a páxina aínda non existe)">A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England</a> (publicado en <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1666" title="1666">1666</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(libro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviathan (libro)">Leviathan (tradución latina)</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><i>Resposta a un libro publicado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Bramhall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Bramhall (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dr. Bramhall</a> (publicado en <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>)</li> <li><i>Tres documentos presentados á Real Sociedade contra o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Wallis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Wallis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dr. Wallis</a>. Xunto con consideracións sobre o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Walllis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Walllis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dr. Walllis</a> e a súa resposta a eles</i> (<a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosetum_Geometricum,_sive_Propositiones_Aliquot_Frustra_antehac_tentatae._Cum_Censura_brevi_Doctrinae_Wallisianae_de_Motu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosetum Geometricum, sive Propositiones Aliquot Frustra antehac tentatae. Cum Censura brevi Doctrinae Wallisianae de Motu (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rosetum Geometricum, sive Propositiones Aliquot Frustra antehac tentatae. Cum Censura brevi Doctrinae Wallisianae de Motu</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lux_Mathematica._Excussa_Collisionibus_Johannis_Wallisii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lux Mathematica. Excussa Collisionibus Johannis Wallisii (a páxina aínda non existe)">Lux Mathematica. Excussa Collisionibus Johannis Wallisii</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><i>Tradución inglesa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer%27s_Iliad_and_Odyssey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer's Iliad and Odyssey (a páxina aínda non existe)">Homer's Iliad and Odyssey</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principia_et_Problemata_Aliquot_Geometrica_Ant%C3%A8_Desperata,_Nunc_breviter_Explicata_%26_Demonstrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principia et Problemata Aliquot Geometrica Antè Desperata, Nunc breviter Explicata & Demonstrata (a páxina aínda non existe)">Principia et Problemata Aliquot Geometrica Antè Desperata, Nunc breviter Explicata & Demonstrata</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decameron_Physiologicum:_Or,_Ten_Dialogues_of_Natural_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decameron Physiologicum: Or, Ten Dialogues of Natural Philosophy (a páxina aínda non existe)">Decameron Physiologicum: Or, Ten Dialogues of Natural Philosophy</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomae_Hobbessii_Malmesburiensis_Vita._Authore_seipso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomae Hobbessii Malmesburiensis Vita. Authore seipso (a páxina aínda non existe)">Thomae Hobbessii Malmesburiensis Vita. Authore seipso</a> (autobiografía latina, traducida en inglés en <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>) (<a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Historical_Narration_concerning_Heresie,_And_the_Punishment_thereof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Historical Narration concerning Heresie, And the Punishment thereof (a páxina aínda non existe)">An Historical Narration concerning Heresie, And the Punishment thereof</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Behemoth,_or_The_Long_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Behemoth, or The Long Parliament (a páxina aínda non existe)">Behemoth, or The Long Parliament</a> (escrita en <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a>, publicado a petición do rei, primeira edición pirata en <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Philosophical_Problems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Philosophical Problems (a páxina aínda non existe)">Seven Philosophical Problems</a> (tradución inglesa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Problematica_Physica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problematica Physica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Problematica Physica</a>, <a href="/wiki/1662" title="1662">1662</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Garden_of_Geometrical_Roses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Garden of Geometrical Roses (a páxina aínda non existe)">A Garden of Geometrical Roses</a> (tradución inglesa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosetum_Geometricum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosetum Geometricum (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rosetum Geometricum</a>, <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Some_Principles_and_Problems_in_Geometry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Some Principles and Problems in Geometry (a páxina aínda non existe)">Some Principles and Problems in Geometry</a> (tradución inglesa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principia_et_Problemata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principia et Problemata (a páxina aínda non existe)">Principia et Problemata</a>, <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</i> (<a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Ecclesiastica_Carmine_Elegiaco_Concinnata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia Ecclesiastica Carmine Elegiaco Concinnata (a páxina aínda non existe)">Historia Ecclesiastica Carmine Elegiaco Concinnata</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Para este punto de vista, Hobbes afirmaba estar seguindo a <a href="/wiki/Tertuliano" title="Tertuliano">Tertuliano</a>, cuxos puntos de vista non foron condenados no credo de Nicea.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hobbes&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Reale, Giovanni; Antiseri, Dario (1995). Herder, ed. <i>Historia del pensamiento filosófico y científico</i>. Barcelona. pp. 413–425. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/84-254-1590-X" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/84-254-1590-X">84-254-1590-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Hobbes&rft.au=Antiseri%2C+Dario&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft.aulast=Reale&rft.btitle=Historia+del+pensamiento+filos%C3%B3fico+y+cient%C3fico&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=84-254-1590-X&rft.pages=413-425&rft.place=Barcelona&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a 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href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118551698.html">118551698</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Oxford" title="Universidade de Oxford">E-Enlightment</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.13051/ee:bio/hobbethoma001965">hobbethoma001965</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hobbes">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina" title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina">EGAXA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/processed/EGAXA%7Cvtls000803332">vtls000803332</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Europeana" title="Europeana">Europeana</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.europeana.eu/agent/base/145362">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/36297">36297</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0032774.xml">0032774</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span 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text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/691/000031598/">000031598</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery" title="National Portrait Gallery">NPG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp02204">mp02204</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068469063">068469063</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">OBP: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Hobbes,Thomas,1588-1679">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">ODNB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/13400">13400</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL50870A?mode=all">OL50870A</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">openMLOL: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medialibrary.it/media/ricercaopen.aspx?selcrea=9185">9185</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Orthodox Encyclopedia: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravenc.ru/text/165197.html">165197</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/22928">22928</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_do_Estado_Ruso" title="Biblioteca do Estado Ruso">RSL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000083096&CON_LNG=ENG">000083096</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/209273">209273</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">SNAC: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6q23zcp">w6q23zcp</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026922932">026922932</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/thomas-hobbes">thomas-hobbes</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_UNZ_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The UNZ Review (a páxina aínda non existe)">UNZ</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unz.com/print/author/HobbesThomas">HobbesThomas</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/WikiTree" title="WikiTree">WikiTree</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Hobbes-57">Hobbes-57</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zentralblatt_MATH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zentralblatt MATH (a páxina aínda non existe)">zbMATH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:hobbes.thomas">hobbes.thomas</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" 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