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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Multilingual list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multilingual_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_mnemonic_song" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_mnemonic_song"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chinese mnemonic song</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_mnemonic_song-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Determination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Determination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Determination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Determination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Regional note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="فصل شمسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فصل شمسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9rminos_solares" title="Términos solares – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Términos solares" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheh-kh%C3%B9i" title="Cheh-khùi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheh-khùi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_%C5%A5ie-%C4%8Dchi" title="24 ťie-čchi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="24 ťie-čchi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9rminos_solares" title="Términos solares – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Términos solares" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suna_Periodo" title="Suna Periodo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suna Periodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_solaire" title="Période solaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Période solaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiet-h%C3%AC" title="Chiet-hì – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chiet-hì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EA%B8%B0" title="절기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="절기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posisi_matahari" title="Posisi matahari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Posisi matahari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_(%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99)" title="תקופות חמה (לוח השנה הסיני) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופות חמה (לוח השנה הסיני)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jieqi" title="Jieqi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jieqi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ik-k%C3%A9" title="Cáik-ké – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cáik-ké" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%97" title="二十四節気 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="二十四節気" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termen_solar" title="Termen solar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Termen solar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99)" title="ภาวะ (ปฏิทินจีน) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาวะ (ปฏิทินจีน)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cietheiq" title="Cietheiq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cietheiq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFt_kh%C3%AD" title="Tiết khí – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiết khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" title="節氣 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="節氣" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" title="節氣 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="節氣" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Any of 24 periods of traditional East Asian lunisolar calendars</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:24solarterms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/24solarterms.png/220px-24solarterms.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/24solarterms.png/330px-24solarterms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/24solarterms.png/440px-24solarterms.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The 24 solar terms with labels in Japanese</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">(Twenty-four) solar terms</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">(二十四)節氣</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">(二十四)节气</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">(èrshísì) jiéqì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">(erh-shih-ssŭ) chieh-chi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(<span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[âɚ.ʂɻ̩̌.sɹ̩̂]</a></span>) <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕjě.tɕʰî]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">(ji<sup>6</sup> sap<sup>6</sup> sei<sup>3</sup>) zit<sup>3</sup> hei<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">(jī-cha̍p-sì) cheh-khùi</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solar term</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Term</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ecliptic_longitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecliptic longitude">Longitude</a> </th> <th>Dates </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lichun" title="Lichun">Lichun</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">315°</td> <td>4–5 February </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yushui_(solar_term)" title="Yushui (solar term)">Yushui</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">330°</td> <td>18–19 February </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jingzhe" title="Jingzhe">Jingzhe</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">345°</td> <td>5–6 March </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chunfen" title="Chunfen">Chunfen</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">0°</td> <td>20–21 March </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingming_(solar_term)" title="Qingming (solar term)">Qingming</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">15°</td> <td>4–5 April </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guyu" title="Guyu">Guyu</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">30°</td> <td>20–21 April </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lixia" title="Lixia">Lixia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">45°</td> <td>5–6 May </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiaoman" title="Xiaoman">Xiaoman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">60°</td> <td>21–22 May </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangzhong" title="Mangzhong">Mangzhong</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">75°</td> <td>5–6 June </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiazhi" title="Xiazhi">Xiazhi</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">90°</td> <td>21–22 June </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshu" title="Xiaoshu">Xiaoshu</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">105°</td> <td>7–8 July </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dashu_(solar_term)" title="Dashu (solar term)">Dashu</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">120°</td> <td>22–23 July </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liqiu" title="Liqiu">Liqiu</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">135°</td> <td>7–8 August </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chushu" title="Chushu">Chushu</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">150°</td> <td>23–24 August </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bailu_(solar_term)" title="Bailu (solar term)">Bailu</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">165°</td> <td>7–8 September </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qiufen" title="Qiufen">Qiufen</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">180°</td> <td>23–24 September </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanlu" title="Hanlu">Hanlu</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">195°</td> <td>8–9 October </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuangjiang_(solar_term)" title="Shuangjiang (solar term)">Shuangjiang</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">210°</td> <td>23–24 October </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lidong" title="Lidong">Lidong</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">225°</td> <td>7–8 November </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiaoxue" title="Xiaoxue">Xiaoxue</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">240°</td> <td>22–23 November </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daxue_(solar_term)" title="Daxue (solar term)">Daxue</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">255°</td> <td>7–8 December </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongzhi_(solar_term)" title="Dongzhi (solar term)">Dongzhi</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">270°</td> <td>21–22 December </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiaohan" title="Xiaohan">Xiaohan</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">285°</td> <td>5–6 January </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dahan_(solar_term)" title="Dahan (solar term)">Dahan</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">300°</td> <td>20–21 January </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>solar term</b> (or <i><b>jieqi</b></i>, <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">节气</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">節氣</span>) is any of twenty-four periods in traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar calendars</a> that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The points are spaced 15° apart along the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are used by lunisolar calendars to stay synchronized with the seasons, which is crucial for agrarian societies. The solar terms are also used to calculate <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">intercalary months</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which month is repeated depends on the position of the sun at the time. </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Documents" title="Book of Documents">Book of Documents</a></i>, the first determined term was <a href="/wiki/Dongzhi_(solar_term)" title="Dongzhi (solar term)">Dongzhi</a> (Winter Solstice) by <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Zhou" title="Duke of Zhou">Dan, the Duke of Zhou</a>, while he was trying to locate the geological center of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a> dynasty, by measuring the length of the sun's shadow on an ancient type of <a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">sundial</a> called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tugui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tugui (page does not exist)"><i>tǔguī</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:土圭">ja</a>]</span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">土圭</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then four terms of seasons were set, which were soon evolved as eight terms; until 104 BC in the book Taichu Calendar, the entire twenty-four solar terms were officially included in the Chinese calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s speed along the ecliptic varies depending on the Earth-Sun distance, the number of days that it takes the Sun to travel between each pair of solar terms varies slightly throughout the year, but it is always between 15 and 16 days. Each solar term is divided into three <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentad_(calendar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentad (calendar) (page does not exist)">pentads</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%80%99" class="extiw" title="zh:七十二候">zh</a>]</span> (<span lang="zh">候</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">hòu</span></i>), so there are 72 pentads in a year. Each pentad consists of five, rarely six, days, and are mostly named after <a href="/wiki/Phenology" title="Phenology">phenological</a> (biological or botanical) phenomena corresponding to the pentad. </p><p>Solar terms originated in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, then spread to <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, countries in the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian cultural sphere</a>. Although each term was named based on the seasonal changes of climate in the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, peoples living in the different climates still use it without changes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is exhibited by the fact that <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese characters</a> for most of the solar terms are identical. </p><p>On December 1, 2016, the solar terms were listed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numbering">Numbering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Numbering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The solar terms used to mark the midpoint of the month (marked with "Z", for <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">中氣</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">zhōngqì</span></i>) are considered the major terms, while the solar terms used to mark the start of the month (marked with "J", for <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">節氣</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">jiéqì</span></i>) are deemed minor. The year starts with <a href="/wiki/Lichun" title="Lichun">Lichun</a> (J1) and ends with <a href="/wiki/Dahan_(solar_term)" title="Dahan (solar term)">Dahan</a> (Z12).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multilingual_list">Multilingual list</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Multilingual list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">Season</a> </th> <th style="width: 80px;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a> & <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthly Branch">Earthly Branch</a> of Month </th> <th style="width: 80px;">Sun's ecliptic<br />longitude </th> <th style="width: 100px;">Chinese<br />name<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width: 100px;">Korean name<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width: 100px;">Vietnamese<br />name </th> <th style="width: 100px;">Japanese<br />name </th> <th style="width: 100px;">Ryukyuan<br />(Okinawan) name </th> <th style="width: 100px;">English<br />name (Hong Kong Observatory)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width: 80px;">English<br />name (<a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width: 80px;">Gregorian<br />Date<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(± 1 day)</small> </th> <th style="width: 80px;">Reference for<br />Month Intercalating </th> <th style="width: 80px;">Corresponding Western <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">astrological sign</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <th rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">Spring</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">虎</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yín</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">寅</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">315° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Lichun" title="Lichun">立春</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">lìchūn</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">立春 (입춘/립춘)</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">ipchun/ripchun</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Lập xuân</span></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880798">.mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(立春)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立春（りっしゅん）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">risshun</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">立春（りっしゅん）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">risshun</i></span> </td> <td>Spring commences </td> <td>Beginning of Spring </td> <td>Feb 4 </td> <td>1st month initial </td> <td style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">330° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Yushui_(solar_term)" title="Yushui (solar term)">雨水</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">yǔshuǐ</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">雨水 (우수)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">usu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Vũ thủy</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(雨水)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">雨水（うすい）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">usui</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">雨水（うしー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">ushii</i></span> </td> <td>Rain water </td> <td>Rain Water </td> <td>Feb 19 </td> <td>1st month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">兔</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Mǎo</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">卯</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">345° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/Jingzhe" title="Jingzhe">驚蟄</a></span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">惊蛰</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">jīngzhé</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">驚蟄 (경칩)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">gyeongchip</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Kinh trập</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(驚蟄)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">啓蟄（けいちつ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">keichitsu</i></span> </td> <td> <p><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">驚く（うどぅるく）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">uduruku</i></span>;<br /> <span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">驚くー（おどるくー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">udurukuu</i></span>;<br /> <span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">虫驚（むしうどぅるく）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">mushi'uduruku</i></span> </p> </td> <td>Insects waken </td> <td>Awakening of Insects </td> <td>Mar 6 </td> <td>2nd month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">0° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Chunfen" title="Chunfen">春分</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">chūnfēn</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">春分 (춘분)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">chunbun</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Xuân phân</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(春分)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">春分（しゅんぶん）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shunbun</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">春分（すんぶん）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">sunbun</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">Vernal equinox</a> </td> <td>Spring Equinox </td> <td>Mar 21 </td> <td>2nd month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(zodiac)" title="Dragon (zodiac)">Dragon</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">龍</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Chén</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">辰</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">15° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Qingming_(solar_term)" title="Qingming (solar term)">清明</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">qīngmíng</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">淸明 (청명)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">cheongmyeong</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Thanh minh</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(清明)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">清明（せいめい）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">seimei</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">清明（しーみー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">shiimii</i></span> </td> <td>Bright and clear </td> <td>Pure Brightness </td> <td>Apr 5 </td> <td>3rd month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">30° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/Guyu" title="Guyu">穀雨</a></span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">谷雨</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">gǔyǔ</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">穀雨 (곡우)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">gogu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Cốc vũ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(穀雨)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">穀雨（こくう）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kokuu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">穀雨（くくー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">kukuu</i></span> </td> <td>Corn rain </td> <td>Grain Rain </td> <td>Apr 20 </td> <td>3rd month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <th rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">Summer</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蛇</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Sì</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">巳</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">45° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Lixia" title="Lixia">立夏</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">lìxià</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">立夏 (입하/립하)</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">ipha/ripha</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Lập hạ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(立夏)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立夏（りっか）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">rikka</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">立夏（りっかー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">rikkaa</i></span> </td> <td>Summer commences </td> <td>Beginning of Summer </td> <td>May 6 </td> <td>4th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">60° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/Xiaoman" title="Xiaoman">小滿</a></span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">小满</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">xiǎomǎn</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">小滿 (소만)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">soman</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Tiểu mãn</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(小滿)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小満（しょうまん）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shōman</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">小満（すーまん）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">suuman</i></span> </td> <td>Corn forms </td> <td>Grain Buds </td> <td>May 21 </td> <td>4th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">馬</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wǔ</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">午</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">75° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/Mangzhong" title="Mangzhong">芒種</a></span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">芒种</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">mángzhòng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">芒種 (망종)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">mangjong</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Mang chủng</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(芒種)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">芒種（ぼうしゅ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">bōshu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">芒種（ぼーすー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">boosuu</i></span> </td> <td>Corn on ear </td> <td>Grain in Ear </td> <td>Jun 6 </td> <td>5th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">90° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Xiazhi" title="Xiazhi">夏至</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">xiàzhì</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">夏至 (하지)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">haji</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Hạ chí</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(夏至)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">夏至（げし）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">geshi</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">夏至（かーちー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">kaachii</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Summer_solstice" title="Summer solstice">Summer solstice</a> </td> <td>Summer Solstice </td> <td>Jun 21 </td> <td>5th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">羊</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wèi</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">未</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">105° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshu" title="Xiaoshu">小暑</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">xiǎoshǔ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">小暑 (소서)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">soseo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Tiểu thử</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(小暑)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小暑（しょうしょ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shōsho</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">小暑（くーあちさ）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">kuu'achisa</i></span> </td> <td>Moderate heat </td> <td>Minor Heat </td> <td>Jul 7 </td> <td>6th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">120° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Dashu_(solar_term)" title="Dashu (solar term)">大暑</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">dàshǔ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">大暑 (대서)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">daeseo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Đại thử</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(大暑)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大暑（たいしょ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">taisho</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">大暑（うーあちさ）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">uu'achisa</i></span> </td> <td>Great heat </td> <td>Major heat </td> <td>Jul 23 </td> <td>6th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <th rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">Autumn</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">猴</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shēn</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">申</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">135° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Liqiu" title="Liqiu">立秋</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">lìqiū</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">立秋 (입추/립추)</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">ipchu/ripchu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Lập thu</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(立秋)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立秋（りっしゅう）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">risshū</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">立秋（りっすー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">rissuu</i></span> </td> <td>Autumn commences </td> <td>Beginning of Autumn </td> <td>Aug 8 </td> <td>7th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">150° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/Chushu" title="Chushu">處暑</a></span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">处暑</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">chǔshǔ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">處暑 (처서)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">cheoseo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Xử thử</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(處暑)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">処暑（しょしょ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shosho</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">処暑（とぅくるあちさ）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">tukuru'achisa</i></span> </td> <td>End of heat </td> <td>End of Heat </td> <td>Aug 23 </td> <td>7th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">雞</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yǒu</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">酉</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">165° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Bailu_(solar_term)" title="Bailu (solar term)">白露</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">báilù</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">白露 (백로)</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">baengno</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Bạch lộ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(白露)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">白露（はくろ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">hakuro</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">白露（ふぁくるー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">fakuruu</i></span> </td> <td>White dew </td> <td>White Dew </td> <td>Sep 8 </td> <td>8th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">180° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Qiufen" title="Qiufen">秋分</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">qiūfēn</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">秋分 (추분)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">chubun</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Thu phân</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(秋分)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">秋分（しゅうぶん）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shūbun</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">秋分（すーぶん）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">suubun</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/September_equinox" title="September equinox">Autumnal equinox</a> </td> <td>Autumn Equinox </td> <td>Sep 23 </td> <td>8th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Dog_(zodiac)" title="Dog (zodiac)">Dog</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">狗</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xū</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">戌</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">195° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Hanlu" title="Hanlu">寒露</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">hánlù</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">寒露 (한로)</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">hallo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Hàn lộ</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(寒露)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">寒露（かんろ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kanro</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">寒露（かんるー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">kanruu</i></span> </td> <td>Cold dew </td> <td>Cold Dew </td> <td>Oct 8 </td> <td>9th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">210° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Shuangjiang_(solar_term)" title="Shuangjiang (solar term)">霜降</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">shuāngjiàng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">霜降 (상강)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">sanggang</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Sương giáng</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(霜降)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">霜降（そうこう）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sōkō</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">霜降（しむくだり）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">shimukudari</i></span> </td> <td>Frost </td> <td>Frost's Descent </td> <td>Oct 23 </td> <td>9th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <th rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winter</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豬</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hài</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">亥</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">225° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Lidong" title="Lidong">立冬</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">lìdōng</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">立冬 (입동/립동)</span></span><br /><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">ipdong/ripdong</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Lập đông</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(立冬)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立冬（りっとう）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">rittō</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">立冬（りっとぅー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">rittuu</i></span> </td> <td>Winter commences </td> <td>Beginning of Winter </td> <td>Nov 7 </td> <td>10th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">240° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Xiaoxue" title="Xiaoxue">小雪</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">xiǎoxuě</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">小雪 (소설)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">soseol</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Tiểu tuyết</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(小雪)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小雪（しょうせつ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shōsetsu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">小雪（くーゆち）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">kuuyuchi</i></span> </td> <td>Light snow </td> <td>Minor Snow </td> <td>Nov 22 </td> <td>10th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鼠</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zǐ</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">子</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">255° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Daxue_(solar_term)" title="Daxue (solar term)">大雪</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">dàxuě</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">大雪 (대설)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">daeseol</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Đại tuyết</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(大雪)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大雪（たいせつ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">taisetsu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">大雪（うーゆち）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">uuyuchi</i></span> </td> <td>Heavy snow </td> <td>Major Snow </td> <td>Dec 7 </td> <td>11th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">270° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Dongzhi_(solar_term)" title="Dongzhi (solar term)">冬至</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">dōngzhì</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">冬至 (동지)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">dongji</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Đông chí</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(冬至)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">冬至（とうじ）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tōji</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">冬至（とぅんじー）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">tunjii</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">Winter solstice</a> </td> <td>Winter Solstice </td> <td>Dec 22 </td> <td>11th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#;"><a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">牛</span></span>)<br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">Chǒu</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">丑</span></span>) </td> <td align="right">285° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Xiaohan" title="Xiaohan">小寒</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">xiǎohán</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">小寒 (소한)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">sohan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Tiểu hàn</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(小寒)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小寒（しょうかん）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shōkan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">小寒（すーかん）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">suukan</i></span> </td> <td>Moderate cold </td> <td>Minor Cold </td> <td>Jan 6 </td> <td>12th month initial </td></tr> <tr style="background:#;"> <td align="right">300° </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/Dahan_(solar_term)" title="Dahan (solar term)">大寒</a></span></span><br /><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">dàhán</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">大寒 (대한)</span></span><br /><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">daehan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Đại hàn</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">(大寒)</span> </td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大寒（だいかん）</span></span><br /><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">daikan</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Okinawan-language text"><span lang="ryu">大寒（でーかん）</span></span><br /><span title="Okinawan-language romanization"><i lang="ryu-Latn">deekan</i></span> </td> <td>Severe cold </td> <td>Major Cold </td> <td>Jan 20 </td> <td>12th month midpoint </td> <td style="background:#;">Aquarius </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chinese_mnemonic_song">Chinese mnemonic song</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chinese mnemonic song"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Song of Solar Terms" (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">节气歌</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">節氣歌</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">jiéqìgē</span></i>) is used to ease the memorization of <i>jieqi</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Traditional Chinese</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">春雨驚春清穀天</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">夏滿芒夏暑相連</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">秋處露秋寒霜降</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">冬雪雪冬小大寒</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">每月兩節不變更</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">最多相差一兩天</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">上半年來六、廿一</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">下半年是八、廿三</span></span><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Simplified Chinese</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">春雨惊春清谷天</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">夏满芒夏暑相连</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">秋处露秋寒霜降</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">冬雪雪冬小大寒</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">每月两节不变更</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">最多相差一两天</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">上半年来六、廿一</span></span><br /> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">下半年是八、廿三</span></span><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Pinyin</dt></dl> <p><span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">chūn yǔ jīng chūn qīng gǔ tiān,<br /> xià mǎn máng xià shǔ xiāng lián,<br /> qiū chù lù qiū hán shuāng jiàng,<br /> dōng xuě xuě dōng xiǎo dà hán.<br /> měi yuè liǎng jié bù biàn gēng,<br /> zùi duō xiāng chā yī liǎng tiān<br /> shàng bàn nián lái liù, niàn yī<br /> xià bàn nián shì bā, niàn sān<br /></i></span>   </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The first four lines provides a concise version of the names of the 24 <i>jieqi</i>. The last four lines provide some rules of thumb about the Gregorian dates of <i>jieqi</i>, namely: </p> <ul><li>Two <i>jieqi</i> per month;</li> <li>Gregorian dates are off by one or two days at most;</li> <li>In the first half of the year, <i>jieqi</i> happens around the 6th and 21st day of each (Gregorian) month;</li> <li>In the second half of the year, <i>jieqi</i> happens around the 8th and 23rd day of each (Gregorian) month.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Determination">Determination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Determination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic#Sun's_apparent_motion" title="Ecliptic">Ecliptic § Sun's apparent motion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ti%E1%BA%BFt_Kh%C3%AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ti%E1%BA%BFt_Kh%C3%AD.svg/220px-Ti%E1%BA%BFt_Kh%C3%AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ti%E1%BA%BFt_Kh%C3%AD.svg/330px-Ti%E1%BA%BFt_Kh%C3%AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ti%E1%BA%BFt_Kh%C3%AD.svg/440px-Ti%E1%BA%BFt_Kh%C3%AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Chart with the solar terms and their <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> names</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern definition using ecliptic longitudes, introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Shixian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shixian calendar">Shixian calendar</a>, is known as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">定气法</span></span> (<span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">dìng qì fǎ</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">steady term method</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). Under this method, the determination of solar terms is similar to the astronomical determination of the special cases of <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">equinox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstice</a> dates, with different ecliptic longitudes to solve for. One can start with an approximation and then perform a correction using the anomalies and <a href="/wiki/Mean_motion" title="Mean motion">mean motion</a> of the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons_On-Line_Ephemeris_System" title="JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System">JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System</a> may be used to query for exact times of solar terms. </p><p>The older method is known as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">平气法</span></span> (<span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="zh-Latn">píng qì fǎ</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">equal term method</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and simply divides the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">tropical year</a> into 24 equal parts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_note">Regional note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Regional note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japan, the term <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Setsubun" title="Setsubun">Setsubun</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">節分</span></span>) originally referred to the eves of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Risshun" class="mw-redirect" title="Risshun">Risshun</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立春</span></span>, 315°, the beginning of Spring), <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Lixia" title="Lixia">Rikka</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立夏</span></span>, 45°, the beginning of Summer), <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Risshū">Risshū</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立秋</span></span>, 135°, the beginning of Autumn), and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Lidong" title="Lidong">Rittō</a></i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">立冬</span></span>, 225°, the beginning of Winter), but currently mostly refers to the day before <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Risshun</i></span>. The name of each solar term also refers to the period of time between that day and the next solar term, or 1/24th of a year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese calendar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asia-home.com/china/solterms.php">"24 Chinese Feasts (Jiéqì, 节气), equivalent to the 24 Chinese Solar Terms"</a>. <i>Chinese calendar</i>. asia-home.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chinese+calendar&rft.atitle=24+Chinese+Feasts+%28Ji%C3%A9q%C3%AC%2C+%E8%8A%82%E6%B0%94%29%2C+equivalent+to+the+24+Chinese+Solar+Terms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asia-home.com%2Fchina%2Fsolterms.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Until 1644 (Chinese Empire and its tributary states) or 1844 (Japan) a period of time of the solar year itself had been equally divided instead of the spatial zodiac.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When a lunar month's end does not reach a midpoint of the solar terms, it is regarded as the last month's intercalary one instead of the true "next" month. It is called <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">歲中閏月法</span></span> lit. "midpoint intercalating system".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Book of Documents</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Documents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBan" class="citation book cs1">Ban, Gu. <i>Book of Han</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Han&rft.aulast=Ban&rft.aufirst=Gu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koyomi8.com/reki_doc/doc_0702.htm">なぜずれる？　二十四節気と季節感 (Why off-point? -solar terms and our real feeling of the seasons)</a> Maritime Japan, for example, comparing the climate of <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> with that of <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>: on Japanese islands differences in seasonal gap lengths are the main problem. In <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> regions including <a href="/wiki/Southern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern China">southern China</a> climate difference is more serious.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-twenty-four-solar-terms-knowledge-in-china-of-time-and-practices-developed-through-observation-of-the-suns-annual-motion-00647">"UNESCO – The Twenty-Four Solar Terms, knowledge in China of time and practices developed through observation of the sun's annual motion"</a>. <i>ich.unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ich.unesco.org&rft.atitle=UNESCO+%E2%80%93+The+Twenty-Four+Solar+Terms%2C+knowledge+in+China+of+time+and+practices+developed+through+observation+of+the+sun%27s+annual+motion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Fen%2FRL%2Fthe-twenty-four-solar-terms-knowledge-in-china-of-time-and-practices-developed-through-observation-of-the-suns-annual-motion-00647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAslaksen" class="citation web cs1">Aslaksen, Helmer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090313024833/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/calendar/cal2.pdf">"When is Chinese New Year?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/calendar/cal2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+is+Chinese+New+Year%3F&rft.aulast=Aslaksen&rft.aufirst=Helmer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.nus.edu.sg%2Faslaksen%2Fcalendar%2Fcal2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese characters</a> are shown in parentheses if they differ from the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese characters</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> are shown in parentheses. For Hangul and romanisation, where the pronunciation differs between <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, the South Korean pronunciation is given first before the slash, followed by the North Korean pronunciation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm">"The 24 Solar Terms"</a>. Hong Kong Observatory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+24+Solar+Terms&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Observatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hko.gov.hk%2Fen%2Fgts%2Ftime%2F24solarterms.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cul/2022/02-04/9668543.shtml">"二十四节气上了北京冬奥开幕式，牛！"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%8A%82%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%8A%E4%BA%86%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%86%AC%E5%A5%A5%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%95%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%8C%E7%89%9B%EF%BC%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinanews.com.cn%2Fcul%2F2022%2F02-04%2F9668543.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Date can vary within a ±1 day range.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">the Yushui and Jingzhe have been exchanged by Liu Xin in Han dynasty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">the Jingzhe and Yushui have been exchanged by Liu Xin in Han dynasty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">the Qingming and Guyu have been exchanged by Liu Xin in Han dynasty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">the Guyu and Qingming have been exchanged by Liu Xin in Han dynasty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/Books/Syntaxis/Almagest/node36.html">"Determination of Equinox and Solstice Dates"</a>. <i>farside.ph.utexas.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=farside.ph.utexas.edu&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Equinox+and+Solstice+Dates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffarside.ph.utexas.edu%2FBooks%2FSyntaxis%2FAlmagest%2Fnode36.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolar+term" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_term&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nakshatra.tokyo/24/">24 Solar Terms calculator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm">24 Solar Terms – Hong Kong Observatory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinafetching.com/24-solar-terms-in-chinese-calendar">Twenty Four Solar Terms and Their Customs in China</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509165622/http://chinesecalendar.orados.com/">Chinese calendar with upcoming solar terms in current year</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/faq/24sekki.html.en">24 Sekki – NAOJ > ECO > Glossary ></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourchineseastrology.com/calendar/24-solar-terms.htm">Twenty-four Solar Terms and meaning</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinesecalendaronline.com/solar-terms/">Date and time of Solar Terms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinaeducationaltours.com/guide/culture-24-solar-terms.htm">The 24 Solar Terms</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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