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<div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mark_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Mark I </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mark_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mark_I*" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_I*"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Mark I* </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mark_I*-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mark_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Mark II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mark_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mark_II_(Canadian)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_II_(Canadian)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Mark II (Canadian) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mark_II_(Canadian)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mark_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Mark III </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mark_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mark_V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Mark V </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mark_V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suppressed_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suppressed_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Suppressed models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suppressed_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experimental_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experimental_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Experimental models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experimental_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign-built_variants_and_post-1945_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign-built_variants_and_post-1945_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Foreign-built variants and post-1945 derivatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign-built_variants_and_post-1945_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Conversions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Users </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Users-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Users subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-state_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-state_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Non-state groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-state_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sten</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" > 42 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="ستن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEN_(pistolenn-vindrailher)" title="STEN (pistolenn-vindrailher) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="STEN (pistolenn-vindrailher)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stengun" title="Stengun – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stengun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten_Gun" title="Sten Gun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sten Gun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten_(p%C3%BCstolkuulipilduja)" title="Sten (püstolkuulipilduja) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sten (püstolkuulipilduja)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEN" title="STEN – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="STEN" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84)" title="استن (مسلسل) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استن (مسلسل)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stengun" title="Stengun – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stengun" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunna_Sten" title="Gunna Sten – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gunna Sten" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%90_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EB%8B%A8%EC%B4%9D" title="스텐 기관단총 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스텐 기관단총" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistol_mitraliur_Sten" title="Pistol mitraliur Sten – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pistol mitraliur Sten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="סטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten-Maschinnepistoul" title="Sten-Maschinnepistoul – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sten-Maschinnepistoul" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEN" title="STEN – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="STEN" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stengun" title="Stengun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stengun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E7%9F%AD%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E9%8A%83" title="ステン短機関銃 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ステン短機関銃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stengun" title="Stengun – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stengun" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stengun" title="Stengun – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stengun" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistolet_maszynowy_Sten" title="Pistolet maszynowy Sten – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pistolet maszynowy Sten" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEN" title="STEN – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="STEN" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten_(zbra%C5%88)" title="Sten (zbraň) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sten (zbraň)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аутомат Стен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аутомат Стен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten_(konepistooli)" title="Sten (konepistooli) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sten (konepistooli)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten_(kulsprutepistol)" title="Sten (kulsprutepistol) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sten (kulsprutepistol)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99" title="สเตน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สเตน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEN" title="STEN – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="STEN" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%D9%86" title="اسٹین گن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسٹین گن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten" title="Sten – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sten" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB%E8%A1%9D%E9%8B%92%E6%A7%8D" title="斯登衝鋒槍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯登衝鋒槍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211782#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten_Gun&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sten Gun">Sten Gun</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of submachine guns</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sten_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sten (disambiguation)">Sten (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"> Sten submachine gun </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pistolet_maszynowy_STEN,_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pistolet_maszynowy_STEN%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg/300px-Pistolet_maszynowy_STEN%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pistolet_maszynowy_STEN%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg/450px-Pistolet_maszynowy_STEN%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pistolet_maszynowy_STEN%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg/600px-Pistolet_maszynowy_STEN%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1055" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">A Sten MK II</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine gun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1960s (United Kingdom) 1941–present (Other countries)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="#Users">Users</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistan_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistan Wars">Indo-Pakistan Wars</a> <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Uprising">Mau Mau Uprising</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedie-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a><a href="#cite_note-Algeria-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a><a href="#cite_note-mcnab2002-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a><a href="#cite_note-ds29Dec2017-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a> <a href="/wiki/Border_Campaign_(IRA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Campaign (IRA)">IRA Border Campaign</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a> <a href="/wiki/Punjab_insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab insurgency">Punjab insurgency</a> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_sectarian_conflict" title="Maluku sectarian conflict">Maluku sectarian conflict</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Major Reginald V. Shepherd Harold J. Turpin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" title="Royal Small Arms Factory">Royal Small Arms Factory</a> Enfield <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> <a href="/wiki/ROF_Fazakerley" title="ROF Fazakerley">ROF Fazakerley</a> <a href="/wiki/ROF_Maltby" title="ROF Maltby">ROF Maltby</a> ROF Theale <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a> <a href="/wiki/Lines_Bros_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Lines Bros Ltd">Lines Brothers Ltd</a> Long Branch Arsenal, Canada<a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a> Various underground resistance group factories</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Unit cost</th><td class="infobox-data">£2 6s in 1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1941– (version dependent)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">3.7–4.6 million (all variants, depending on source)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data">Mk. I, II, IIS, III, IV, V, VI</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">3.2 kg (7.1 lb) (Mk. II)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">762 mm (30.0 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> length</th><td class="infobox-data">196 mm (7.7 in)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Action</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(arms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blowback (arms)">Blowback-operated</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">open bolt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">version dependent; ~500–600 round/min</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">365 m/s (1,198 ft/s) 305 m/s (1,001 ft/s) (suppressed models)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Effective firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">60 m (66 yd)<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Feed system</th><td class="infobox-data">32-round detachable <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magazine (firearm)">box magazine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Sights</th><td class="infobox-data">fixed peep rear, post front</td></tr></tbody></table> The STEN (or Sten gun) is a British <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine gun</a> chambered in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9×19mm">9×19mm</a> which was used extensively by <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British and Commonwealth</a> forces throughout <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The Sten paired a simple design with a low production cost, facilitating mass production to meet the demand for submachine guns. As well as equipping regular units, the Sten was distributed to resistance groups within occupied Europe. Its simple design made it an effective <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency weapon">insurgency weapon</a> for resistance groups. The Sten is a <a href="/wiki/Select_fire" title="Select fire">select fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blowback-operated" class="mw-redirect" title="Blowback-operated">blowback-operated</a> weapon with a side-mounted magazine. Sten is an acronym, derived from the names of the weapon's chief designers: Major Reginald V. Shepherd and Harold J. Turpin, and "En" for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" title="Royal Small Arms Factory">Enfield factory.</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[b]</a> Around four million Stens in various versions were made in the 1940s, making it the second most produced <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine gun</a> of the Second World War, after the Soviet <a href="/wiki/PPSh-41" title="PPSh-41">PPSh-41</a>. The Sten served as the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">Sterling submachine gun</a>, which replaced the Sten in British service from the 1950s. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The Sten emerged while Britain was engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>, facing invasion by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>. The army was forced to replace weapons lost during the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">evacuation from Dunkirk</a> while expanding their arsenal at the same time. After the start of the war and to 1941 (and even later), the British purchased all the <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine guns</a> they could from the United States, but these did not meet demand, and Thompsons were expensive, the M1928 costing $200 in 1939 (and still $70 in 1942), whereas a Sten would turn out to cost only $11.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> American entry into the war at the end of 1941 placed an even bigger demand on the facilities making Thompsons. In order to rapidly equip a sufficient fighting force to counter the Axis threat, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" title="Royal Small Arms Factory">Royal Small Arms Factory</a>, Enfield, was commissioned to produce an alternative. The credited designers were Major R. V. Shepherd, OBE, Inspector of Armaments in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Supply (UK)">Ministry of Supply</a> Design Department at The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arsenal" title="Royal Arsenal">Royal Arsenal</a>, Woolwich, (later Assistant Chief Superintendent at the Armaments Design Department) and Harold John Turpin, Senior <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Draughtsman</a> of the Design Department of the Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF), Enfield. Shepherd had been recalled to service after having retired and spending some time at the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">Birmingham Small Arms Company</a> (BSA). The Sten shared design features, such as its side-mounted magazine configuration, with the <a href="/wiki/Lanchester_submachine_gun" title="Lanchester submachine gun">Lanchester submachine gun</a> being produced at the same time for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, which was a copy of the German <a href="/wiki/MP_18" title="MP 18">MP28</a>. In terms of manufacture, the Lanchester was entirely different, being made of high-quality materials with pre-war fit and finish, in stark contrast to the Sten's austere execution. The Lanchester and Sten magazines were even interchangeable (though the Lanchester's magazine was longer with a 50-round capacity, compared to the Sten's 32.)<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> The Sten used simple <a href="/wiki/Stamped_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamped metal">stamped metal</a> components and minor welding, which required minimal machining and manufacturing. Much of the production could be performed by small workshops, with the firearms assembled at the Enfield site. Over the period of manufacture, the Sten design was further simplified: the most basic model, the Mark III, could be produced from five man-hours of work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201222-18">[16]</a> Some of the cheapest versions were made from only 47 different parts (out of 47 components, only the barrel and bolt were machined).<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> The Mark I was a more finely finished weapon with a wooden foregrip and handle; later versions were generally more spartan, although the final version, the Mark V, which was produced after the threat of invasion had died down, was produced to a higher standard. The Sten underwent various design improvements over the course of the war. For example, the Mark 4 cocking handle and corresponding hole drilled in the receiver were created to lock the bolt in the closed position to reduce the likelihood of <a href="/wiki/Unintentional_discharge" title="Unintentional discharge">unintentional discharges</a> inherent in the design. Most changes to the production process were more subtle, designed to give greater ease of manufacture and increased reliability, and the potentially great differences in build quality contributed to the Sten's reputation as being an unreliable weapon. However, a 1940 report stated that "Exaggerated reports about the unreliability [of the Sten] were usually related to the quality of manufacture. Don Handscombe and his comrades in the Thundersley Patrol of the <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Units" title="Auxiliary Units">Auxiliary Units</a> rated them more reliable than the Thompson SMG."<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> Sten guns of late 1942 and beyond were highly effective weapons, though complaints of accidental discharge continued throughout the war. The Sten was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">Sterling submachine gun</a> from 1953 and was gradually withdrawn from British service in the 1960s. Other Commonwealth nations followed suit, either by creating their own replacements or adopting foreign designs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</div> The Sten was a <a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">blowback-operated</a> <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine gun</a> firing from an <a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">open bolt</a> with a fixed firing pin on the face of the bolt. This means the bolt remains to the rear when the weapon is cocked and on pulling the trigger the bolt moves forward from spring pressure, stripping the round from the magazine, chambering it and firing the weapon all in the same movement. There is no breech locking mechanism; the rearward movement of the bolt caused by the recoil impulse is arrested only by the mainspring and the bolt's inertia. The German <a href="/wiki/MP40" class="mw-redirect" title="MP40">MP40</a>, Russian <a href="/wiki/PPSh-41" title="PPSh-41">PPSh-41</a>, and US <a href="/wiki/M3_submachine_gun" title="M3 submachine gun">M3 submachine gun</a>, among others, used the same operating mechanisms and design philosophy of the Sten, namely their low cost and ease of manufacture. Though the MP40 was also built largely for this purpose, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Otto Skorzeny</a> went on record saying that he preferred the Sten because it required less raw material to produce and performed better under adverse combat conditions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201270-21">[19]</a> The effect of putting lightweight automatic weaponry into the hands of soldiers greatly increased the short-range firepower of the infantry, especially when the main infantry weapon was a <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action rifle">bolt-action rifle</a> capable of only around 15 rounds per minute and not suited for short-range combat.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The open-bolt firing mechanism, short barrel and use of pistol ammunition severely restricted accuracy and <a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">stopping power</a>, with an effective range of only around 60 m (200 ft), compared to 500 m (1,600 ft) for the <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a> rifle. Stoppages could occur for poor maintenance, while others were particular to the Sten. Carbon build up on the face of the breech or debris in the bolt raceway could cause a failure to fire, while a dirty chamber could cause a failure to feed.<a href="#cite_note-Carbine,_Machine_1942-22">[20]</a> Firing the Sten by grasping the magazine with the supporting hand, contrary to instruction, tended to wear the magazine catch, altering the angle of feed and causing a failure to feed; the correct method of holding the weapon was as with a rifle, the left hand cradling the fore piece. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mocowanie_magazynka_pistoletu_maszynowego_Sten_Mk_II,_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mocowanie_magazynka_pistoletu_maszynowego_Sten_Mk_II%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg/220px-Mocowanie_magazynka_pistoletu_maszynowego_Sten_Mk_II%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mocowanie_magazynka_pistoletu_maszynowego_Sten_Mk_II%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg/330px-Mocowanie_magazynka_pistoletu_maszynowego_Sten_Mk_II%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Mocowanie_magazynka_pistoletu_maszynowego_Sten_Mk_II%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg/440px-Mocowanie_magazynka_pistoletu_maszynowego_Sten_Mk_II%2C_Muzeum_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Sten Mk II magazine insert.</figcaption></figure> The Sten's magazine, which, like the Lanchesters, derived from the MP28, originally to use its magazines, which incorporated the faults of the MP28 magazine.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> The magazine had two columns of 9mm cartridges in a staggered arrangement, merging at the top to form a column. While other staggered magazines, such as the Thompson, fed from the left and right side alternately (known as "double column, double feed"), the Sten magazine required the cartridges gradually to merge at the top of the magazine to form a column ("double column, single feed"). Dirt or foreign matter in this taper area could cause feed <a href="/wiki/Firearm_malfunction" title="Firearm malfunction">malfunctions</a>. The walls of the magazine lip had to endure the full stresses of the rounds being pushed in by the spring. This, along with rough handling could result in deformation of the magazine lips (which required a precise 8° feed angle to operate), resulting in misfeeding and a failure to fire.<a href="#cite_note-24">[c]</a> If a Sten failed to feed due to jammed cartridges in the magazine, standard practice to clear it was to remove magazine from the gun, tap the base of the magazine against the knee, re-insert the magazine, then re-cock the weapon and fire again as normal.<a href="#cite_note-Carbine,_Machine_1942-22">[20]</a> To facilitate easier loading when attempting to push the cartridges down to insert the next one, a magazine filler tool was developed and formed part of the weapon's kit. The slot on the side of the body where the cocking knob ran was also a target of criticism, as the long opening could allow foreign objects to enter. On the other hand, a beneficial side-effect of the Sten's minimalist design was that it would fire without any lubrication.<a href="#cite_note-Carbine,_Machine_1942-22">[20]</a> This proved useful in desert environments such as the <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Western Desert campaign</a>, where lubricating oil retained dust and sand.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The selector was a push button type that actuated a sear disconnector to enable firing in semi-automatic. When firing in this mode, the bolt moves rearward tripping on the sear disconnector downwards requiring the user to release the trigger to fire the weapon again. When firing in full automatic, the selector slightly pivots and moves the sear disconnector sideways enabling the trigger to hold the sear in the firing position without interference of the bolt movement. The open bolt design combined with cheap manufacture and rudimentary safety devices also meant the weapon was prone to accidental discharges, which proved hazardous. A simple safety could be engaged while the bolt was in the rearwards (cocked) position. However, if a loaded Sten with the bolt in the closed position was dropped, or the butt was knocked against the ground, the bolt could move far enough rearward to pick up a round (but not far enough to be engaged by the trigger mechanism) and the spring pressure could be enough to chamber and fire the round. The Mk. IV's cocking handle was designed to prevent this by enabling the bolt to be locked in its forward position, immobilising it. Wear and manufacturing tolerances could render these safety devices ineffective. Though the Sten was somewhat prone to malfunction, in the hands of a well-trained soldier, who knew how to avoid the Sten's failings, they were less of a liability as otherwise may be suggested. According to Leroy Thompson, "Troops usually made the conscious choice to keep the Sten with a magazine in place, based on the assumption that they might need it quickly. It might, then, be argued that more troops were saved by having their Sten ready when an enemy was suddenly encountered than were injured by accident. The Sten was more dangerous to its users than most infantry weapons, but all weapons are dangerous".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201270-21">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> Sten guns were produced in several basic marks, of which nearly half of the total produced consisted of the Mark II variant. Approximately 4.5 million Stens were produced during the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20126-25">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mark_I">Mark I</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mark I">edit</a>]</div> The first ever Mk I Sten gun (number 'T-40/1' indicating its originator Harold Turpin, the year 1940 and the serial number "1") was handmade by Turpin at the <a href="/wiki/Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a> Radio works at <a href="/wiki/Perivale" title="Perivale">Perivale</a>, Middlesex during December 1940/January 1941 in 36 days.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> This particular weapon is held by the historical weapons collection of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>'s Infantry and <a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_School_Corps" title="Small Arms School Corps">Small Arms School Corps</a> in Warminster, Wiltshire.<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> The Mark I had a conical <a href="/wiki/Flash_hider" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash hider">flash hider</a> and fine finish. The bolt on the Mark I rotated downwards to hold open for safety, similar to that of a bolt action rifle (The bolt on Mark II+ variants rotate upwards). The handguard, vertical forward grip and some of the stock were made of wood. The stock consisted of a small tube, similar to the Mark II Canadian. The barrel shroud had vent holes. The magazine insert was fixed to the receiver with screws (unlike the later found on Mark II+ variants that could be rotated 90 degrees for stowage). A design choice that was only present on the Mark I was that the vertical forward grip could be rotated forward to make it easier to stow. 100,000 Mark I Stens were made before production was moved to the Mark II. Mark I Stens in German possession were designated MP 748(e), the 'e' standing for englisch.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mark_I*">Mark I*</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mark I*">edit</a>]</div> The Mark I* (pronounced "Mark-One-Star") variant was to simplify production of the Mark I, the handguard, vertical foreward grip, vent holes, wooden furniture and conical flash hider were removed with this variant.<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> It was the first variant to come with a tube stock. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mark_II">Mark II</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mark II">edit</a>]</div> The Mark II was the most common mainstream variant, with two million units produced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20126-25">[22]</a> The flash eliminator and the folding handle (the grip) of the Mk I were omitted. A removable barrel was now provided which projected 3 inches (76 mm) beyond the barrel sleeve. It used a tube stock. Also, a special catch allowed the magazine to be slid partly out of the magazine housing and the housing rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise (from the operator's perspective), together covering the ejection opening and allowing the weapon and magazine both to lie flat on its side.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> The barrel sleeve was shorter and rather than having small holes on the top, it had three sets of three holes equally spaced on the shroud. To allow a soldier to hold a Sten by the hot barrel sleeve with the supporting hand, an insulating lace-on leather sleeve guard was sometimes issued.<a href="#cite_note-30">[d]</a> Sten Mk II's in German possession were designated MP 749(e). Some Mk IIs had wooden stocks.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wimmersperg_Spz-kr" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimmersperg Spz-kr">Spz-kr assault rifle</a>, a rudimentary German design made in the closing stages of the war, used the receiver and components from the Sten Mk II, and the <a href="/wiki/MP_3008" title="MP 3008">MP 3008</a> was made as a cheap copy. <ul><li>Overall length: 762 mm (30.0 in)</li> <li>Barrel length: 197 mm (7.8 in)</li> <li>Weight: 3.2 kg (7.1 lb)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mark_II_(Canadian)">Mark II (Canadian)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mark II (Canadian)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sten_factory_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sten_factory_1942.jpg/220px-Sten_factory_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sten_factory_1942.jpg/330px-Sten_factory_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sten_factory_1942.jpg/440px-Sten_factory_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Worker posing with a Sten Mk II in the factory on 26 May 1942.</figcaption></figure> During World War II, a variation of the Sten gun was produced at <a href="/wiki/Lakeview,_Mississauga#Small_Arms_Limited,_Long_Branch_Arsenal" title="Lakeview, Mississauga">the Long Branch Arsenal plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lakeview,_Mississauga" title="Lakeview, Mississauga">Long Branch, Ontario</a> (now Lakeview, an area of <a href="/wiki/Mississauga" title="Mississauga">Mississauga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel Region</a>). This was very similar to the regular Mark II, with a different stock ('skeleton' type instead of strut type). It was first used in combat in the <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a> in 1942. The Mark II that were made in China with a copy known as the M38.<a href="#cite_note-SA-31">[27]</a> The Chinese M38s were made in an automatic-only configuration, unlike the standard Mark II. The M38 was made in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9×19mm">9×19mm</a> and <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9725mm_Tokarev" title="7.62×25mm Tokarev">7.62×25mm Tokarev</a> variants. <ul><li>Overall length: 896 mm (35.3 in)</li> <li>Barrel length: 198 mm (7.8 in)</li> <li>Weight: 3.8 kg (8.4 lb)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mark_III">Mark III</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mark III">edit</a>]</div> After the Mark II, this was the most produced variant of the Sten, manufactured in Canada alongside the United Kingdom, with <a href="/wiki/Lines_Bros_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Lines Bros Ltd">Lines Bros Ltd</a> being the largest producer.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> The Mark III was made of 48 parts, compared to the Mark II's 69, but the Mark II remained more commonplace for logistical reasons – parts between the two were not interchangeable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201222-18">[16]</a> Though slightly lighter, the magazine well was fixed in place, and the barrel could not be removed, meaning if it was damaged the weapon had to be scrapped. Combined with the fact the Mark III was more prone to failure than the Mark II, production of the weapon ceased in September 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201224-32">[28]</a> Unlike the Mark II, the receiver, ejection port, and barrel shroud were unified, leading to them being extended further up the barrel. Captured Sten Mk III's in German possession were designated MP 750(e). A total of 876,886 Mark III's were produced.<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mark_V">Mark V</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mark V">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Men_of_the_Durham_Light_Infantry_operate_a_radio_and_keep_watch_for_the_enemy,_near_Bayeux,_Normandy,_11_June_1944._B5378.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Men_of_the_Durham_Light_Infantry_operate_a_radio_and_keep_watch_for_the_enemy%2C_near_Bayeux%2C_Normandy%2C_11_June_1944._B5378.jpg/220px-Men_of_the_Durham_Light_Infantry_operate_a_radio_and_keep_watch_for_the_enemy%2C_near_Bayeux%2C_Normandy%2C_11_June_1944._B5378.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Men_of_the_Durham_Light_Infantry_operate_a_radio_and_keep_watch_for_the_enemy%2C_near_Bayeux%2C_Normandy%2C_11_June_1944._B5378.jpg/330px-Men_of_the_Durham_Light_Infantry_operate_a_radio_and_keep_watch_for_the_enemy%2C_near_Bayeux%2C_Normandy%2C_11_June_1944._B5378.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Men_of_the_Durham_Light_Infantry_operate_a_radio_and_keep_watch_for_the_enemy%2C_near_Bayeux%2C_Normandy%2C_11_June_1944._B5378.jpg/440px-Men_of_the_Durham_Light_Infantry_operate_a_radio_and_keep_watch_for_the_enemy%2C_near_Bayeux%2C_Normandy%2C_11_June_1944._B5378.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1813" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of Durham Light Infantry with a Sten Mk III.</figcaption></figure> The Mark V added a bayonet mount, and a wooden pistol grip and stock.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> There was a No. 4 <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a> Front sight and the weapon was of better quality manufacture and finish than the Mk II and Mk III. Another variant of the Mk V had a swivel stock and rear sight mirror intended for firing around corners in urban warfare, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Krummlauf" title="Krummlauf">Krummlauf</a> developed by the Germans for the <a href="/wiki/StG_44" title="StG 44">StG 44</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suppressed_models">Suppressed models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Suppressed models">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smg_sten_MK_IIS_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Smg_sten_MK_IIS_01.jpg/220px-Smg_sten_MK_IIS_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Smg_sten_MK_IIS_01.jpg/330px-Smg_sten_MK_IIS_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Smg_sten_MK_IIS_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="149" /></a><figcaption>Sten Mk II(S)</figcaption></figure> Mk II(S) and Mk VI models incorporated an integral <a href="/wiki/Suppressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressor">suppressor</a> and had a lower muzzle velocity than the others due to a ported barrel intended to reduce velocity to below the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">speed of sound</a> – 305 m/s (1,001 ft/s) – without needing <a href="/wiki/Subsonic_ammunition" title="Subsonic ammunition">special ammunition</a>. The suppressor heated up rapidly when the weapon was fired, and a canvas cover was laced around the suppressor for protection for the firer's supporting hand.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> <dl><dt>Mk II(S)</dt> <dd>Designed in 1943, the Mk II(S) ("Special-Purpose") was an integrally suppressed version of the Mk II. Captured examples of the Sten Mk II(S) in German service were designated MP 751(e).<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a></dd> <dt>Mk VI</dt> <dd>The Mk VI was a suppressed version of the Mk V. The Mk VI was the heaviest version due to the added weight of the suppressor, as well as using a wooden pistol grip and stock.</dd></dl> The suppressed models were produced at the request of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> (SOE) for use in clandestine operations in occupied Europe, starting with the Mk II(S) in 1943. Owing to their tendency to overheat, they were fired in short bursts or single shots.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> Some guns were even changed to semi-automatic only. In addition to its use in the <a href="/wiki/European_Theatre_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theatre of World War II">European theatre</a>, the Mk II(S) saw service with clandestine units in the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">Southwest Pacific Area</a> (SWPA) such as the <a href="/wiki/Services_Reconnaissance_Department" title="Services Reconnaissance Department">Services Reconnaissance Department</a> and SOE's <a href="/wiki/Force_136" title="Force 136">Force 136</a> on operations against the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>. The Sten Mk II(S) was used by the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jaywick" title="Operation Jaywick">Operation Jaywick</a> party during their raid into Japanese-occupied Singapore Harbour. The Sten Mk II(S) also saw service with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Special_Air_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Special Air Service">Special Air Service Regiment</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experimental_models">Experimental models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Experimental models">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Mark II (wooden stock model)</dt> <dd>This was a standard Sten Mk.II with a wooden stock attached in place of the wireframe steel stock used with Mk.IIs. This wooden stock model was never put into service; likely due to the cost of producing it.</dd> <dt>Mark II (Rosciszewski model)</dt> <dd>This was a Sten Mk.II modified by Antoni Rosciszewski of Small Arms Ltd. The magazine was mechanically operated by the breech block movement. The trigger was split into two sections, with the upper part of the trigger offering full-auto fire and a lower part offering single shots. It was very complex in design and never fielded.</dd> <dt>Mark II (pistol grip model)</dt> <dd>This was a Sten Mk.II with a wireframe <a href="/wiki/Pistol_grip" title="Pistol grip">pistol grip</a>, intended for use with paratroopers. It was compact but predictably uncomfortable to fire.</dd> <dt>Model T42</dt> <dd>This was a Sten Mk.II modified with a five-inch barrel and <a href="/wiki/Folding_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Folding stock">folding stock</a>, as well as a conventional pistol grip and redesigned trigger guard. It was dubbed the "T42" in prototype phases, but never entered service.</dd> <dt>Mark IV</dt> <dd>The Mark IV was a smaller variant of the Sten, comparable in size to a pistol, and never left the prototype stage. It used a conical flash hider, a shortened barrel, and a much lighter stock.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a></dd> <dt>Rofsten</dt> <dd>Developed at the Royal Ordnance Factory in Fazakerley (<a href="/wiki/ROF_Fazakerley" title="ROF Fazakerley">ROF Fazakerley</a>), the Rofsten was an odd Sten prototype with a redesigned magazine feed, ergonomic pistol grip, selector switch and cocking system. The weapon was cocked by pulling the small ring above the stock. A large flash eliminator was fixed onto the barrel, and a No.5 bayonet could be fixed. It was made to a very high quality standard and had an increased rate of fire (around 900 rounds per minute). The Rofsten was made in 1944 as a single prototype and ROF wanted to submit it to trials the next year. Despite better quality there were numerous reliability problems due to the much higher rate of fire. The budget cuts prevented the modifications and this version never got beyond the prototype stage.</dd> <dt>Small Arms Ltd. Model 2</dt> <dd>Designed by Antoni Rosciszewski of Small Arms Ltd, this weapon used a magazine with an internal endless belt-feed holding 50 rounds of ammunition. The weapon also had a two-stage trigger for automatic and semi-automatic fire.</dd> <dt>Viper mk1</dt> <dd>This version simplified the weapon, including the <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">trigger</a> mechanism and barrel which was welded to the gun making it not removable.<a href="#cite_note-Viper-37">[33]</a> The weapon was also fully automatic and there was no semi-automatic function on the gun. It was made in the United Kingdom after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and was a prototype weapon never used as it was deemed impractical. It was designed for military policeman in post-war Germany to be fired one-handed. Only one was ever made and it is currently held at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries_Museum" title="Royal Armouries Museum">Royal Armouries Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Viper-37">[33]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign-built_variants_and_post-1945_derivatives">Foreign-built variants and post-1945 derivatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Foreign-built variants and post-1945 derivatives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armamento_-_Museo_de_Armas_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_38.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armamento_-_Museo_de_Armas_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_38.JPG/220px-Armamento_-_Museo_de_Armas_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_38.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armamento_-_Museo_de_Armas_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_38.JPG/330px-Armamento_-_Museo_de_Armas_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_38.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Armamento_-_Museo_de_Armas_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_38.JPG/440px-Armamento_-_Museo_de_Armas_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n_38.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3109" data-file-height="1754" /></a><figcaption>Modelo C.4 Sten gun</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Argentina</dt> <dd>Sten MkIIs were licence-copied in Argentina by <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Argentina" title="Hispano-Argentina">Pistola Hispano Argentino</a> and can be recognised with a wooden handguard in front of the trigger group. It was known as the Modelo C.4.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> Another variant came with a pistol grip section based on the <a href="/wiki/Ballester%E2%80%93Molina" title="Ballester–Molina">Ballester–Molina .45 pistol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Halcon_ML-57" class="mw-redirect" title="Halcon ML-57">Halcon ML-57</a> was a simpler derivative of the Sten gun of Argentine origin that was fed from a vertically inserted magazine.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Achtergelaten_zelfgefabriceerd_machinepistool_zonder_magazijn,_Bestanddeelnr_7257.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Achtergelaten_zelfgefabriceerd_machinepistool_zonder_magazijn%2C_Bestanddeelnr_7257.jpg/220px-Achtergelaten_zelfgefabriceerd_machinepistool_zonder_magazijn%2C_Bestanddeelnr_7257.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Achtergelaten_zelfgefabriceerd_machinepistool_zonder_magazijn%2C_Bestanddeelnr_7257.jpg/330px-Achtergelaten_zelfgefabriceerd_machinepistool_zonder_magazijn%2C_Bestanddeelnr_7257.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Achtergelaten_zelfgefabriceerd_machinepistool_zonder_magazijn%2C_Bestanddeelnr_7257.jpg/440px-Achtergelaten_zelfgefabriceerd_machinepistool_zonder_magazijn%2C_Bestanddeelnr_7257.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3171" /></a><figcaption>Crude example of locally-made Indonesian Sten gun</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Indonesia</dt> <dd>Indigenous copies were produced at the former Demakijo (alternatively Demak Ijo) sugar mill in <a href="/wiki/Sleman_Regency" title="Sleman Regency">Sleman Regency</a> and other factories throughout Yogyakarta in 1946–1948 for the Indonesian Army during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> The indigenous Sten had the trigger group closer to the magazine insert.<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> Another variant of the indigenous copies was named Pren Gun, from the portmanteau of Pranggono (the designer) and Sten gun. Pren Gun were made at a factory in Tirtomoyo, Wonogiri Regency for the Surakarta-based Tentara Genie Pelajar (Student Soldiers Combat Engineers). The design were similar to Sten Mk II with wire stock and additional flash hider.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a></dd> <dt>Israel</dt> <dd>Copies of the Sten Mk II and Sten Mk V were clandestinely manufactured in Tel Aviv and on various <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutzim</a> in 1945–48 for use with <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> and other Jewish paramilitary groups.<a href="#cite_note-SA-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a></dd> <dt>France</dt> <dd>The French "Gnome et Rhône" R5 Sten, manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> by the motorbike and aeroplane engine manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Gnome_et_Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Gnome et Rhône">Gnome et Rhône</a> (SNECMA), came with a shorter barrel, a forward pistol grip and distinctive wooden stock, although its greatest improvement was a sliding bolt safety, added to secure the bolt in its forward position. Dimensions have been converted to the metric system, so the parts were not interchangeable with the Sten. From an initial target of 10,000 to 20,000 copies, 8,100 R5s were produced between late 1944 and November 1945. They were delivered to the former <a href="/wiki/French_Forces_of_the_Interior" title="French Forces of the Interior">FFI</a> units of the <a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">French Liberation Army</a> and some were used during the <a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western Allied invasion of Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> Another variant made by MAC (Manufacture d’armes de Châtellerault), were made and tested shortly after WWII. One variant had an unusual stock shape that proved detrimental to the user aim. Internally it was basically a Sten gun but had two triggers for semi/full auto, a grip safety and a foregrip that used MP40 magazines. Another had a folding stock with a folding magazine insert. The trigger mechanism was complicated and unusual. Neither of these prototypes had any kind of success and MAC closed its doors not long after their conception.</dd> <dt>Norway</dt> <dd>The Norwegian resistance, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Bror_With" title="Bror With">Bror With</a>, created a large number of Sten guns from scratch, mainly to equip members of the underground army <a href="/wiki/Milorg" title="Milorg">Milorg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> In his autobiography, Norwegian resistance fighter <a href="/wiki/Max_Manus" title="Max Manus">Max Manus</a> frequently mentions the Sten<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> as one of the weapons his groups of commandos and resistance fighters used effectively against German troops.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sten#undue" title="Talk:Sten">discuss</a>]</dd> <dt>Denmark</dt> <dd>Several groups in the Danish resistance movement manufactured Sten guns for their own use. <a href="/wiki/BOPA" title="BOPA">BOPA</a> produced around 200 in a bicycle repair shop on Gammel Køge landevej (Old Køge road), south of Copenhagen. <a href="/wiki/Holger_Danske_(resistance_group)" title="Holger Danske (resistance group)">Holger Danske</a> produced about 150 in workshops in Copenhagen, while employees of the construction company <a href="/wiki/MT_H%C3%B8jgaard" title="MT Højgaard">Monberg & Thorsen</a> built approximately 200–300 in what is now the municipality of Gladsaxe (a suburb of Copenhagen) for use by Holger Danske and others. The resistance groups 'Frit Danmark' and 'Ringen' also built significant numbers of Stens.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C5%82yskawica_and_other_insurgent_weapons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/B%C5%82yskawica_and_other_insurgent_weapons.jpg/220px-B%C5%82yskawica_and_other_insurgent_weapons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/B%C5%82yskawica_and_other_insurgent_weapons.jpg/330px-B%C5%82yskawica_and_other_insurgent_weapons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/B%C5%82yskawica_and_other_insurgent_weapons.jpg/440px-B%C5%82yskawica_and_other_insurgent_weapons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Błyskawica and Polish Sten on display in the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw Uprising Museum">Warsaw Uprising Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Poland</dt> <dd>From 1942 and 1944, approximately 11,000 Sten Mk IIs were delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a> by the SOE and <a href="/wiki/Cichociemni" class="mw-redirect" title="Cichociemni">Cichociemni</a>. Because of the simplicity of the design, local production of Sten variants was started in at least 23 underground workshops in Poland, with some producing copies of the Mark II, and others developing their own designs, namely the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>Polski Sten, the <a href="/wiki/KIS_(weapon)" title="KIS (weapon)">KIS</a>, and the more significantly altered <a href="/wiki/B%C5%82yskawica_submachine_gun" title="Błyskawica submachine gun">Błyskawica</a>. Polski Stens made in Warsaw under the command of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryszard_Bia%C5%82ostocki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryszard Białostocki (page does not exist)">Ryszard Białostocki</a> were built from parts made in official factories, with the main body of the design being made from hydraulic cylinders produced for hospital equipment. To help disguise their origin, the Polski Stens were marked in English.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgian_Sten_Gun_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Belgian_Sten_Gun_.jpg/170px-Belgian_Sten_Gun_.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Belgian_Sten_Gun_.jpg/255px-Belgian_Sten_Gun_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Belgian_Sten_Gun_.jpg/340px-Belgian_Sten_Gun_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Details underneath of the magazine well stamping on a Belgian Sten</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Belgium</dt> <dd>A little known version of the MkII Sten was built in Belgium by l'arsenale militare belga (the Belgian military arsenal). The magazine well was stamped AsArm (the manufacturer), ABL (for Armée Belge Belgisch Leger), the Belgian Royal Crown and a serial number of typically five figure with no letter prefix. It is believed the Belgian built Mk II Stens remained in ABL service until the early 1980s, particularly with helicopter-borne forces. Some of the weapons had a "Parkerised" finish.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the Second World War the Belgian Army was mainly equipped with a mixture of British and American submachine guns. The army, wanting to replace them with a modern and preferably native design, tested various designs with the <a href="/wiki/Vigneron_submachine_gun" title="Vigneron submachine gun">Vigneron M2</a> and licence-produced <a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">FN Uzi</a> being selected. However, the Imperia was an improved Sten with a fire selector and retractable stock.</dd> <dt>Germany</dt> <dd>In late 1944, <a href="/wiki/Mauser" title="Mauser">Mauser</a> began to produce copies of the Mk II Sten for sabotage purposes.<a href="#cite_note-:0-28">[25]</a> The series was referred to as the Gerät Potsdam (Potsdam Device)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969429-47">[43]</a> and almost 10,000 weapons were made.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201270-21">[19]</a> By 1945, Germany was seeking a cheaper replacement for the <a href="/wiki/MP40" class="mw-redirect" title="MP40">MP40</a> submachine gun to issue to the <a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a>. Mauser produced a modified Sten, named the <a href="/wiki/MP_3008" title="MP 3008">MP 3008</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969429-47">[43]</a> The main difference was that the magazine attached below the weapon. Altogether, roughly 10,000 were produced in early 1945, just before the end of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201271-48">[44]</a></dd> <dt>Australia</dt> <dd>The Mark I <a href="/wiki/Austen_submachine_gun" title="Austen submachine gun">Austen submachine gun</a> ("Australian Sten") was an Australian design, derived from the Sten and manufactured by Diecasters Ltd of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> and W. T. Carmichael Ltd of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> It externally resembled the Sten but had twin pistol grips and folding stock resembling those of the German MP40.<a href="#cite_note-Smith198-50">[46]</a> Australian and NZ troops however preferred the <a href="/wiki/Owen_gun" title="Owen gun">Owen gun</a> which was more reliable and robust in jungle warfare.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> A Mk 2 version was also produced which was of different appearance and which made more use of die-cast components.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969200-52">[48]</a> 20,000 Austens were made during the war and the Austen was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/F1_submachine_gun" title="F1 submachine gun">F1 submachine gun</a> in the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-Smith198-50">[46]</a></dd> <dt>United States</dt> <dd>A short-lived American invention developed in the 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Sputter_Gun" title="Sputter Gun">Sputter Gun</a> was designed to circumvent <a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Act" title="National Firearms Act">the law</a> that defined a <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a> as something that fired multiple rounds with one pull of the trigger. The Sputter Gun had no trigger, but fired continuously after loading and the pulling back of its bolt, firing until it ran out of ammunition. The gun was very short lived as the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a> quickly reclassified it. During the 1970s-1980s, International Ordnance of San Antonio, Texas, United States released the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">MP2 machine pistol. It was intended as a more compact, simpler derivative of the British Sten gun to be used in urban guerrilla actions, to be manufactured cheaply and/or in less-than-well-equipped workshops and distributed to "friendly" undercover forces. Much like the <a href="/wiki/FP-45_Liberator" title="FP-45 Liberator">FP-45 Liberator</a> pistol of World War II, it could be discarded during an escape with no substantial loss for the force's arsenal. The MP2 is a blowback-operated weapon that fires from an open bolt with an extremely high rate of fire.</dd> <dt>Guatemala</dt> <dd>The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">SM-9 is a machine pistol of Guatemalan origin and manufactured by Cellini-Dunn IMG, Military Research Corp and Wildfire Munitions as the SM-90. It is blowback operated, firing from an open bolt and can use magazines from Ingram <a href="/wiki/MAC-10" title="MAC-10">MAC-10</a> submachine guns inserted into a similar foregrip that can be rotated 45 and 90 degrees for left/right handed operators. The layout of the receiver is somewhat simpler than that of a Sten with its internal components light in weight enabling a very high rate of fire of 1200rpm. Its forward pistol grip can hold a spare magazine as well as handling the weapon when firing.</dd> <dt>Croatia</dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Pleter_91_submachine_gun" title="Pleter 91 submachine gun">Pleter submachine gun</a> was created in 1991 when the breakup of Yugoslavia in the midst of emerging war left the newly formed Republic of Croatia with small number of military firearms. Since the embargo prevented the Croatian military from legally buying them on open market (so they were mostly obtained on the world black market, but with significantly higher price and sometimes of questionable quality), to fulfill the immediate need for arms, they tried to resort on quick and simple locally made designs. Despite having a vertical magazine well (designed to accept 32-round staggered-feed direct copy of <a href="/wiki/UZI" class="mw-redirect" title="UZI">UZI</a> magazine, rather than original single-feed Sten-type magazine), analogies with the Sten include a striking resemblance in the barrel assembly and in the bolt and recoil spring. In addition, this gun also fires from an open bolt, and is further simplified by removing fire mode selector or any safety.</dd> <dt>Canada</dt> <dd>SMG International in Canada manufactured reproductions of the Sten in six variants.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] They made copies of the Sten's Mk 1*, Mk II and Mk III, a "New Zealand Sten" (a Mk II/III Sten hybrid, with sights and a fixed magazine housing similar to the Mk III), then branched out into "hypothetical" Sten-guns with a "Rotary Magazine Sten" (a Mk II Sten with a drum magazine attached below the weapon and wooden horizontal forward grip on the left side of the weapon) and the "FRT Gun" (a long barrel Sten with a wooden or Mk 1* type butt stock, a drum magazine attached below the weapon and sliding ramp rear sights). These last two being obviously not Sten reproductions, especially if they included a drum magazine.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> The "Rotary Magazine Sten" is a vertically fed Sten which uses a modified Sten bolt, which can use either PPSh drum magazines or stick magazines. The FRT gun is essentially a Suomi that uses a Sten trigger mechanism. All SaskSten guns fire from an open bolt.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>]</dd> <dt>Taiwan</dt> <dd>During the 1950s in the 39th year of the Republic of China, the 44th Arsenal developed a prototype Sten with a folding Dadao blade known as the Type 90. This example used a rear pistol grip and an inline tube stock with folding blade catch and extended barrel shroud.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversions">Conversions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Conversions">edit</a>]</div> The Sten MKII can be converted to take 7.62×25mm ammo by changing the barrel, magazine, magazine housing and bolt.<a href="#cite_note-SARSN-55">[51]</a> Some of them were imported to the US before 1968.<a href="#cite_note-SARSN-55">[51]</a> These MKIIs were made by Long Branch as part of a Nationalist Chinese contract.<a href="#cite_note-FWSTEN-56">[52]</a> While all types of 7.62×25mm ammo can be used, those made in the former Czechoslovakia are made for small arms that can handle high velocity, so users are not advised to use them.<a href="#cite_note-SARSN-55">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service">Service</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Service">edit</a>]</div> The Sten, especially the Mark II, tended to attract affection and loathing in equal measure. Its peculiar appearance when compared to other firearms of the era, combined with sometimes questionable reliability made it unpopular with some front-line troops.<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> It gained nicknames such as "Plumber's Nightmare", "Plumber's Abortion", or "Stench Gun".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20126-25">[22]</a> The Sten's advantage was its ease of mass-production manufacture in a time of shortage during a major conflict. Made by a variety of manufacturers, often with subcontracted parts, some early Sten guns were made poorly and/or not to specification, and could malfunction in operation, sometimes in combat.<a href="#cite_note-Willbanks,_James_H._2004_p._91-58">[54]</a> The double-column, single-feed magazine copied from the German MP28 was never completely satisfactory, and hasty manufacturing processes often exacerbated the misfeed problems inherent in the design. A common statement heard from British forces at the time was that the Sten was made "by <a href="/wiki/Marks_and_Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marks and Spencer">Marks and Spencer</a> out of Woolworth."<a href="#cite_note-Shore,_C._1988_p._208-209-59">[55]</a> British and Commonwealth forces in the early years of the war often extensively test-fired their weapons in training to weed out bad examples; a last-minute issue of newly manufactured Stens prior to going into action was not welcomed.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The MK II and III Stens were regarded by many soldiers as very temperamental, and could <a href="/wiki/Accidental_discharge" class="mw-redirect" title="Accidental discharge">accidentally discharge</a> if dropped or even laid on the ground whilst the gun was cocked.<a href="#cite_note-Shore,_C._1988_p._208-209-59">[55]</a> Others would fire full-automatic when placed on 'single', or fire single shots when placed on 'automatic'.<a href="#cite_note-Shore,_C._1988_p._208-209-59">[55]</a> This was particularly true of early Stens using bronze bolts, where the sear projection underneath the bolt could wear down more easily than ones made of <a href="/wiki/Case-hardening" title="Case-hardening">case-hardened</a> steel. Stens could jam at inopportune moments. One of the more notable instances of this was the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>–<a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a> <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> on 27 May 1942, when Czechoslovak Warrant Officer <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Gab%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Jozef Gabčík">Jozef Gabčík</a> wanted to fire his Sten point blank at Heydrich, only to have it misfire. His comrade <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kubi%C5%A1" title="Jan Kubiš">Jan Kubiš</a> then hastily tossed a grenade, which mortally wounded Heydrich.<a href="#cite_note-Willbanks,_James_H._2004_p._91-58">[54]</a> There are other accounts of the Sten's unreliability, some of them true, some exaggerated and some <a href="/wiki/Apocryphal" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocryphal">apocryphal</a>. France<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> manufactured (well-made) Sten copies postwar into the early 1950s, evidently believing in the basic reliability and durability of the design. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_Parme_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monument_Parme_1.jpg/220px-Monument_Parme_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monument_Parme_1.jpg/330px-Monument_Parme_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monument_Parme_1.jpg/440px-Monument_Parme_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The "Monumento al Partigiano" in Parma, Italy, depicts an <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian partisan</a> holding a Sten.</figcaption></figure> A well-maintained (and properly functioning) Sten gun was a devastating close-range weapon for sections previously armed only with bolt-action rifles. In addition to regular British and Commonwealth military service, Stens were air-dropped in quantity to resistance fighters and partisans throughout occupied Europe. Due to their slim profile and ease of disassembly/reassembly, they were good for concealment and <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>. Wrapping the barrel in wet rags would delay undesirable overheating of the barrel.<a href="#cite_note-Dear,_I.-61">[57]</a> Guerrilla fighters in Europe became adept at repairing, modifying and eventually scratch-building clones of the Sten (over 2,000 Stens and about 500 of the similar <a href="/wiki/B%C5%82yskawica_submachine_gun" title="Błyskawica submachine gun">Błyskawica SMGs</a> were manufactured in occupied Poland). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_officer_and_French_partisan_crouch_behind_an_auto_during_a_street_fight_in_a_French_city._-_NARA_-_531322_-_restored_by_Buidhe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/American_officer_and_French_partisan_crouch_behind_an_auto_during_a_street_fight_in_a_French_city._-_NARA_-_531322_-_restored_by_Buidhe.jpg/220px-American_officer_and_French_partisan_crouch_behind_an_auto_during_a_street_fight_in_a_French_city._-_NARA_-_531322_-_restored_by_Buidhe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/American_officer_and_French_partisan_crouch_behind_an_auto_during_a_street_fight_in_a_French_city._-_NARA_-_531322_-_restored_by_Buidhe.jpg/330px-American_officer_and_French_partisan_crouch_behind_an_auto_during_a_street_fight_in_a_French_city._-_NARA_-_531322_-_restored_by_Buidhe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/American_officer_and_French_partisan_crouch_behind_an_auto_during_a_street_fight_in_a_French_city._-_NARA_-_531322_-_restored_by_Buidhe.jpg/440px-American_officer_and_French_partisan_crouch_behind_an_auto_during_a_street_fight_in_a_French_city._-_NARA_-_531322_-_restored_by_Buidhe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="2920" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French partisan</a> armed with a Sten Mk II SMG, France, 1944.</figcaption></figure> Canadian infantry battalions in northwest Europe retained spare Sten guns for special missions and the Canadian Army reported a surplus of the weapons in 1944. The Sten saw use even after the economic crunch of World War II, replacing the Royal Navy's <a href="/wiki/Lanchester_SMG" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanchester SMG">Lanchester</a> submachine guns into the 1960s, and was used in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, including specialist versions for <a href="/wiki/British_Commando" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commando">British Commandos</a>. It was slowly withdrawn from British Army service in the 1960s and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_SMG" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterling SMG">Sterling SMG</a>; Canada also phased out the Sten, replacing it with the <a href="/wiki/C1_SMG" class="mw-redirect" title="C1 SMG">C1 SMG</a>. The Sten was one of the few weapons that the State of Israel could produce domestically during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. Even before the declaration of the State of Israel, the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> had been producing Stens for the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>; after the declaration, Israel continued making Stens for <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> use. The opposing side also used (mostly British-made) Stens, particularly the irregular and semi-regular <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-I-62">[58]</a> In the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_weapon_L_numbers" title="List of British weapon L numbers">"L numbering"</a> came into use in the British Army for weapons—Stens were then known as L50 (Mk II), L51 (Mk III) and L52 (Mk V). One of the last times the Sten was used in combat during British service was with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">RUC</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Border_Campaign_(IRA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Campaign (IRA)">IRA border campaign</a> of 1956–1962. In foreign service, the Sten was used in combat at least as recently as the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>. Sten guns were widely used by guerrilla fighters during the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 Bangladesh Liberation War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> In 1975, President <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> and his family members were assassinated using Sten guns.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> A number of <a href="/wiki/Suppressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressor">suppressed</a> Stens were in limited use by the US <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">Special Forces</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, including c. 1971, by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">United States Army Rangers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SSs-65">[61]</a> In 1984, Indian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Indira_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Indira Gandhi">assassinated</a> by two of her bodyguards, <a href="/wiki/Satwant_Singh" title="Satwant Singh">one</a> of whom fired the entire magazine (30 rounds) of his Sten at point-blank range, of which 27 hit her. In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, both nationalists and communist Chinese forces used the Sten. Some Stens were converted by the communists to 7.62×25mm<a href="#cite_note-SA-31">[27]</a> by using the magazine housing from a <a href="/wiki/PPS_submachine_gun" title="PPS submachine gun">PPS</a> to accept curved PPS magazines. British, Canadian, and Chinese Stens were seen in the hands of the communists during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.<a href="#cite_note-SA-31">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Army</a> acquired moderate numbers of Stens in the late 1950s, mainly Mk. III versions. Refurbishment at the <a href="/wiki/Kuopio" title="Kuopio">Kuopio</a> Arsenal included <a href="/wiki/Bluing_(steel)" title="Bluing (steel)">bluing</a> of the arms. Stens in Finnish service saw limited usage by conscripts (notably <a href="/wiki/Combat_swimmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat swimmer">combat swimmers</a>) and were mostly stockpiled for use in a future mobilization. During the <a href="/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation" title="Zapatista Army of National Liberation">Zapatista</a> movement in 1994, some Zapatista soldiers were armed with Sten guns.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users">Users</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Users">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>: Used by the Albanian National Liberation Army during World War II. The weapons were supplied by the British SOE.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201250–51-67">[63]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bandeira_da_FNLA.svg/23px-Bandeira_da_FNLA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bandeira_da_FNLA.svg/35px-Bandeira_da_FNLA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bandeira_da_FNLA.svg/45px-Bandeira_da_FNLA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_of_Angola" title="National Liberation Front of Angola">FNLA</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: Modelo C.4..<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201273-69">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia: Locally produced during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201216-70">[66]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>: Extensively used during <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ds29Dec2017-6">[6]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a><a href="#cite_note-bicc-71">[67]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Belgium<a href="#cite_note-militaryfactory-72">[68]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong_%281959%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Canada: Locally produced during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201216-70">[66]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Law enforcement in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic Police</a> had 10 Stens in 1963<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a><a href="#cite_note-militaryfactory-72">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281960%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281960%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281960%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281960%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281960%E2%80%931963%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281960%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)</a><a href="#cite_note-Osprey_Congo-74">[70]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Katanga.svg/20px-Flag_of_Katanga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Katanga.svg/31px-Flag_of_Katanga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Katanga.svg/40px-Flag_of_Katanga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Katanga" title="State of Katanga">Katanga</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbot201414-75">[71]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201267-76">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> praised the Canadian Sten gun in his 1958 interview with <a href="/wiki/Erik_Durschmied" title="Erik Durschmied">Erik Durschmied</a><a href="#cite_note-Durschmied-77">[73]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201260-78">[74]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>: Most used by communist forces had their Stens converted to 7.62x25 caliber.<a href="#cite_note-FWSTEN-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201273-69">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201273-69">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>: Used by Czechoslovak troops for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anthropoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Anthropoid">Operation Anthropoid</a>, the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>. The gun jammed and failed to fire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201251–52-79">[75]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: Used by the Danish resistance movements like <a href="/wiki/BOPA" title="BOPA">BOPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holger_Danske_(resistance_group)" title="Holger Danske (resistance group)">Holger Danske</a>. Locally produced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201252–53-80">[76]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><a href="#cite_note-bicc-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969613,_615-81">[77]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: 76 115 MK 2s and 3s bought in 1957–1958; used until replaced by assault rifles.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> France: Used during World War II by the <a href="/wiki/Free_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French">Free French</a> forces,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201245-83">[79]</a> the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> and some captured from the Resistance were used by the pro-German <a href="/wiki/Milice" title="Milice">Milice française</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> Still used after World War II.<a href="#cite_note-Indochina-85">[81]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201269-86">[82]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> India<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201273-69">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> Used by republicans Forces <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201273-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969461-87">[83]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: Used in the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a><a href="#cite_note-I-62">[58]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Italy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20126-25">[22]</a> Sten guns were supplied to the Italian resistance movement by the SOE, along with the United Defense M42 submachine gun supplied by the OSS during the Italian Campaign. These guns, along with the Berretta M38A, were used by the Italian partisans until the end of World War II.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a><a href="#cite_note-militaryfactory-72">[68]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20126-25">[22]</a> Used by the regular police paramilitary GSU, army paratroopers; replaced by G3A3/4, M4 and HK416.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos_%281952%E2%80%931975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Kingdom of Laos</a>:<a href="#cite_note-bicc-71">[67]</a> Used by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Lao_Army" title="Royal Lao Army">Royal Lao Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>-sponsored irregular Special Guerrilla Groups during the <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a><a href="#cite_note-militaryfactory-72">[68]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>:<a href="#cite_note-bicc-71">[67]</a> Used by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysia_Police" title="Royal Malaysia Police">Royal Malaysia Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Army" title="Malaysian Army">Malaysian Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Royal Malaysian Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Prison_Department" title="Malaysian Prison Department">Malaysian Prison Department</a> in 1950s to 1970s.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><a href="#cite_note-militaryfactory-72">[68]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>: Retired.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>:<a href="#cite_note-bicc-71">[67]</a> Still in service in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Netherlands<a href="#cite_note-ArmsControl-93">[89]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>: Used some captured Stens during World War II, under the designations MP 748 (e) for the Mark I to MP 751 (e) for the Mark V.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201271-48">[44]</a> From late 1944, they produced an almost identical copy for home defence: the <a href="/wiki/MP_3008" title="MP 3008">MP 3008</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201271-48">[44]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201225-94">[90]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><a href="#cite_note-mcnab2002-5">[5]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>: Canadian Mk II and Chinese M38 copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201221,_73-95">[91]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: Used by the Norwegian resistance from 1940–1945. The guns came to the resistance groups by air (supply drops).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201269-86">[82]</a> Used by the Army after the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969523-96">[92]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201273-69">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: Used by the Recognized Guerrilla Units during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20129-98">[94]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: Used by <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_West" title="Polish Armed Forces in the West">Polish Armed Forces in the West</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201245-83">[79]</a> and main resistance army in occupied Poland, the <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a> (Home Army). The majority of the resistance's Stens were dropped to Poland in SOE supply drops, but some of the Polish Stens were produced in the occupied country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201256-99">[95]</a> Polish engineers also designed their own Sten version, the <a href="/wiki/B%C5%82yskawica_submachine_gun" title="Błyskawica submachine gun">Błyskawica submachine gun</a>. After the war, it was used by many anti-communist partisan groups (<a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">cursed soldiers</a>).</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: Known as m/43.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969530-100">[96]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa</a>: Used by <a href="/wiki/South_West_African_Police" title="South West African Police">SWAPOL</a> during the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McMullin-104">[100]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a><a href="#cite_note-Indochina-85">[81]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Army" title="Tibetan Army">Tibetan Army</a> purchased 168 guns in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-Shakya-106">[102]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><a href="#cite_note-militaryfactory-72">[68]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20124-107">[103]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States: Suppressed Stens used during the Vietnam War by American special forces.<a href="#cite_note-SSs-65">[61]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Minh" class="mw-redirect" title="Việt Minh">Việt Minh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWindrow199824-108">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>: Used by the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vukšić2003-111">[107]</a> Also used after the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969723-112">[108]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-state_groups">Non-state groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Non-state groups">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Official_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Official IRA">Official IRA</a><a href="#cite_note-Terrorists-113">[109]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force" title="Ulster Volunteer Force">Ulster Volunteer Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Freedom_Fighters" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Freedom Fighters">Ulster Freedom Fighters</a><a href="#cite_note-Terrorists-113">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_Gang" title="Balcombe Street Gang">Balcombe Street Gang</a><a href="#cite_note-Terrorists-113">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Angry_Brigade" title="The Angry Brigade">The Angry Brigade</a><a href="#cite_note-Terrorists-113">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a></li> <li>Some were supplied to the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Communist_Party" title="Bulgarian Communist Party">Bulgarian Communist Party</a> during WWII<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> plus numerous sub-contractors making individual parts </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Colonel Shepherd discussing how it was named when he received an Award from the Board of the Royal Commission Awards to Inventors. Lord Cohen: "Why was it called the Sten?" Colonel Shepard: "It was called the Sten by the then Director General of Artillery. The S was from my name, the T from Mr. Turpin who was my draughtsman and who did a very large amount of the design and the EN was for England. That is the origin of the name, for which I accept no responsibility."<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> In the official history of the Royal Ordnance Factories, ST is for Shepard and Turpin and EN is for Enfield<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Some sources give J.J.Turpin rather than Harold </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Modern 9 mm magazines, such as those used by the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">Sterling submachine gun</a>, are curved and feed both sides to avoid this problem. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> The barrel sleeve was generally considered the proper place for the supporting hand, as holding the weapon by its magazine could sometimes initiate a feed malfunction. However, the metal barrel sleeve heated rapidly after only a few bursts. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBloomfield_et_al1967">Bloomfield et al 1967</a>, p. 89 </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedie-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedie_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Contre les Mau Mau". 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Retrieved 5 September 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Footage+of+weapons+which+were+handed+over+by+rebels+to+the+Syrian+Arab+Army+in+Southern+Damascus&rft.pub=SyrianCivilWarMap&rft.date=2018-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYcm6y2120dE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paradata.org.uk/article/sten-machine-carbine">"STEN Machine Carbine"</a>. Paradata. 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Forgotten Weapons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgotten+Weapons&rft.atitle=Chinese+7.62mm+Sten+Gun&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=McCollum&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forgottenweapons.com%2Fchinese-7-62mm-sten-gun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Weeks, John, World War II Small Arms, Galahad Books (1979), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88365-403-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-88365-403-2">0-88365-403-2</a>, p. 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-Willbanks,_James_H._2004_p._91-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willbanks,_James_H._2004_p._91_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willbanks,_James_H._2004_p._91_58-1">b</a> Willbanks, James H., Machine Guns: An Illustrated History of Their Impact, ABC-CLIO Press (2004), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-480-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-480-6">1-85109-480-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-480-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-480-6">978-1-85109-480-6</a>, p. 91 </li> <li id="cite_note-Shore,_C._1988_p._208-209-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shore,_C._1988_p._208-209_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shore,_C._1988_p._208-209_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shore,_C._1988_p._208-209_59-2">c</a> Shore, C. (Capt), With British Snipers to the Reich, Paladin Press (1988), pp. 208-209 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040716040536/http://stenguns.tripod.com/id12.html">"Oddities"</a>. Welcome to STEN Guns. 16 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stenguns.tripod.com/id12.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+STEN+Guns&rft.atitle=Oddities&rft.date=2004-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstenguns.tripod.com%2Fid12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dear,_I.-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Dear,_I._61-0">^</a> Dear, I. Sabotage and Subversion: The SOE and OSS at War, Arms and Armour (1996) pp. 137–155 </li> <li id="cite_note-I-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-I_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-I_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1948historyoffir00morr">1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1948historyoffir00morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalam2017" class="citation web cs1">Kalam, Zaid (29 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/bangladesh-liberation-war-1971-muktijuddho-guerrilla-fighter-arms-freedom-1511812">"Arms for freedom"</a>. The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Arms+for+freedom&rft.date=2017-12-29&rft.aulast=Kalam&rft.aufirst=Zaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fbackpage%2Fbangladesh-liberation-war-1971-muktijuddho-guerrilla-fighter-arms-freedom-1511812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmedManik2010" class="citation web cs1">Ahmed, Inam; Manik, Julfikar Ali (15 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-150819">"Bloodbath on Road 32"</a>. The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Bloodbath+on+Road+32&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Inam&rft.au=Manik%2C+Julfikar+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews-detail-150819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSs-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SSs_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSs_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://25thaviation.org/history/id908.htm">"The Vietnam Experience LRRP 1966-1972"</a>. 25thaviation.org. Retrieved 9 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Vietnam+Experience+LRRP+1966-1972&rft.pub=25thaviation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F25thaviation.org%2Fhistory%2Fid908.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppenheimer1994" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Oppenheimer" title="Andrés Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer, Andrés</a> (8 February 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=348&dat=19940802&id=fBMwAAAAIBAJ&pg=5838,267677">"Deep in the heart of Mayan Mexico, a revolution that's out of this world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome_News-Tribune" title="Rome News-Tribune">Rome News-Tribune</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rome,_Georgia" title="Rome, Georgia">Rome, Georgia, USA</a>. Retrieved 21 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Deep+in+the+heart+of+Mayan+Mexico%2C+a+revolution+that%27s+out+of+this+world&rft.date=1994-02-08&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D348%26dat%3D19940802%26id%3DfBMwAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5838%2C267677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201250–51-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201250–51_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2012">Thompson 2012</a>, pp. 50–51. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzsimmons2012" class="citation book cs1">Fitzsimmons, Scott (November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sZfGYsrEIBEC">"Callan's Mercenaries Are Defeated in Northern Angola"</a>. Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139208727.005">10.1017/CBO9781139208727.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107026919" title="Special:BookSources/9781107026919"><bdi>9781107026919</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Callan%27s+Mercenaries+Are+Defeated+in+Northern+Angola&rft.btitle=Mercenaries+in+Asymmetric+Conflicts&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139208727.005&rft.isbn=9781107026919&rft.aulast=Fitzsimmons&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsZfGYsrEIBEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201273-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201273_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201273_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201273_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201273_69-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201273_69-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201273_69-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2012">Thompson 2012</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201216-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201216_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201216_70-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2012">Thompson 2012</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-bicc-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bicc_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bicc_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bicc_71-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bicc_71-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bicc_71-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonn_International_Center_for_ConversionBundeswehr_Verification_Center" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bonn_International_Center_for_Conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn International Center for Conversion">Bonn International Center for Conversion</a>; Bundeswehr Verification Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salw-guide.bicc.de/en/weapon/view/18">"Sten MP"</a>. SALW Guide: Global distribution and visual identification. Retrieved 31 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SALW+Guide%3A+Global+distribution+and+visual+identification&rft.atitle=Sten+MP&rft.au=Bonn+International+Center+for+Conversion&rft.au=Bundeswehr+Verification+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsalw-guide.bicc.de%2Fen%2Fweapon%2Fview%2F18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-militaryfactory-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-militaryfactory_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-militaryfactory_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-militaryfactory_72-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-militaryfactory_72-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-militaryfactory_72-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-militaryfactory_72-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=68">"STEN SMG"</a>. Military Factory. Retrieved 4 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Factory&rft.atitle=STEN+SMG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryfactory.com%2Fsmallarms%2Fdetail.asp%3Fsmallarms_id%3D68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBermanLombard2008" class="citation book cs1">Berman, Eric G.; Lombard, Louisa N. (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140802224632/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/D-Book-series/book-07-CAR/SAS-Central-African-Republic-and-Small-Arms.pdf">The Central African Republic and Small Arms: A Regional Tinderbox</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_Survey" title="Small Arms Survey">Small Arms Survey</a>. pp. 35, 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8288-0103-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8288-0103-8"><bdi>978-2-8288-0103-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/D-Book-series/book-07-CAR/SAS-Central-African-Republic-and-Small-Arms.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Central+African+Republic+and+Small+Arms%3A+A+Regional+Tinderbox&rft.pages=35%2C+43&rft.pub=Small+Arms+Survey&rft.date=2008-12&rft.isbn=978-2-8288-0103-8&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Eric+G.&rft.au=Lombard%2C+Louisa+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallarmssurvey.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fdocs%2FD-Book-series%2Fbook-07-CAR%2FSAS-Central-African-Republic-and-Small-Arms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osprey_Congo-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Osprey_Congo_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbot2014" class="citation book cs1">Abbot, Peter (February 2014). Modern African Wars: The Congo 1960–2002. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1782000761" title="Special:BookSources/978-1782000761"><bdi>978-1782000761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+African+Wars%3A+The+Congo+1960%E2%80%932002&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2014-02&rft.isbn=978-1782000761&rft.aulast=Abbot&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbot201414-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbot201414_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbbot2014">Abbot 2014</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201267-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201267_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2012">Thompson 2012</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-Durschmied-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Durschmied_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeyman" class="citation web cs1">Weyman, Bay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150213/http://tvo.org/video/171441/finding-fidel-journey-erik-durschmied">"Finding Fidel: The Journey of Erik Durschmied"</a>. TV Ontario. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvo.org/video/171441/finding-fidel-journey-erik-durschmied">the original</a> on 14 July 2014. 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Airlife. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1853105395" title="Special:BookSources/978-1853105395"><bdi>978-1853105395</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vital+Guide+to+Combat+Guns+and+Infantry+Weapons&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Airlife&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1853105395&rft.au=Chris+Bishop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvitalguidetocomb0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarlata2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Scarlata, Paul (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/YUGOSLAV+PART+II%3A+WORLD+WAR+II+SMALL+ARMS%3A+AN+ASSORTMENT+OF+SMALL...-a0510936519">"Yugoslav Part II: World War II small arms: an assortment of small arms from friends and foe alike"</a>. Firearms News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Firearms+News&rft.atitle=Yugoslav+Part+II%3A+World+War+II+small+arms%3A+an+assortment+of+small+arms+from+friends+and+foe+alike&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.aulast=Scarlata&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FYUGOSLAV%2BPART%2BII%253A%2BWORLD%2BWAR%2BII%2BSMALL%2BARMS%253A%2BAN%2BASSORTMENT%2BOF%2BSMALL...-a0510936519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vukšić2003-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Vukšić2003_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVukšić2003" class="citation book cs1">Vukšić, Velimir (July 2003). Tito's partisans 1941–45. Warrior 73. Osprey Publishing. pp. 24–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-675-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-675-1"><bdi>978-1-84176-675-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%27s+partisans+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.series=Warrior+73&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2003-07&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-675-1&rft.aulast=Vuk%C5%A1i%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Velimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1969723-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1969723_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1969">Smith 1969</a>, p. 723. </li> <li id="cite_note-Terrorists-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Terrorists_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Terrorists_113-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Terrorists_113-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Terrorists_113-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_DobsonRonald_Payne1982" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Dobson; Ronald Payne (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/terroriststheirw0000dobs">The Terrorists: Their Weapons, Leaders, and Tactics</a>. Facts on File. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/terroriststheirw0000dobs/page/101">101</a>–103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Terrorists%3A+Their+Weapons%2C+Leaders%2C+and+Tactics&rft.pages=101-103&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Christopher+Dobson&rft.au=Ronald+Payne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fterroriststheirw0000dobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Carr2010" class="citation book cs1">Gordon Carr (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/angrybrigadehist00carr">The Angry Brigade: A History of Britain's First Urban Guerilla Group</a>. PM Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/angrybrigadehist00carr/page/n114">98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1604860498" title="Special:BookSources/978-1604860498"><bdi>978-1604860498</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Angry+Brigade%3A+A+History+of+Britain%27s+First+Urban+Guerilla+Group&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1604860498&rft.au=Gordon+Carr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fangrybrigadehist00carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGianfranco_Sanguinetti2015" class="citation book cs1">Gianfranco Sanguinetti (2015). Red Army Faction. Red Brigades, Angry Brigade. The Spectacle of Terror in Post War Europe. Bread and Circuses.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Army+Faction.+Red+Brigades%2C+Angry+Brigade.+The+Spectacle+of+Terror+in+Post+War+Europe&rft.pub=Bread+and+Circuses&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Gianfranco+Sanguinetti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/BULGARIAN+SMALL+ARMS+OF+WORLD+WAR+II,+PART+2:+FROM+MAXIM+OBRAZETZ...-a0586601065">"BULGARIAN SMALL ARMS OF WORLD WAR II, PART 2: FROM MAXIM OBRAZETZ 1907G TO ZB39 OBRAZETZ 1939G. - Free Online Library"</a>. www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thefreelibrary.com&rft.atitle=BULGARIAN+SMALL+ARMS+OF+WORLD+WAR+II%2C+PART+2%3A+FROM+MAXIM+OBRAZETZ+1907G+TO+ZB39+OBRAZETZ+1939G.+-+Free+Online+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FBULGARIAN%2BSMALL%2BARMS%2BOF%2BWORLD%2BWAR%2BII%2C%2BPART%2B2%3A%2BFROM%2BMAXIM%2BOBRAZETZ...-a0586601065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2012" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Leroy (2012). The Sten Gun. Weapon 22. Illustrated by Mark Stacey, Alan Gilliland. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849087599" title="Special:BookSources/9781849087599"><bdi>9781849087599</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sten+Gun&rft.series=Weapon+22&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781849087599&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Leroy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1969" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Joseph E. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld00smit">Small Arms of the World</a> (11 ed.). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811715669" title="Special:BookSources/9780811715669"><bdi>9780811715669</bdi></a> – via Archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Small+Arms+of+the+World&rft.place=Harrisburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=The+Stackpole+Company&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780811715669&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsmallarmsofworld00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomfield_et_al1967" class="citation book cs1">Bloomfield, Lincoln P.; Leiss, Amelia Catherine; Legere, Laurence J.; Barringer, Richard E.; Fisher, R. Lucas; Hoagland, John H.; Fraser, Janet; Ramers, Robert K (30 June 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA324492.pdf">The Control of local conflict: a design study on arms control and limited war in the developing areas</a> (PDF). Studies of Conflict. Vol. 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for International Studies. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuiug.30112064404368">2027/uiug.30112064404368</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804022404/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA324492.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Control+of+local+conflict%3A+a+design+study+on+arms+control+and+limited+war+in+the+developing+areas&rft.series=Studies+of+Conflict&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology.+Center+for+International+Studies&rft.date=1967-06-30&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuiug.30112064404368&rft.aulast=Bloomfield&rft.aufirst=Lincoln+P.&rft.au=Leiss%2C+Amelia+Catherine&rft.au=Legere%2C+Laurence+J.&rft.au=Barringer%2C+Richard+E.&rft.au=Fisher%2C+R.+Lucas&rft.au=Hoagland%2C+John+H.&rft.au=Fraser%2C+Janet&rft.au=Ramers%2C+Robert+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fpdfs%2FADA324492.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASten" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sten_derivatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sten derivatives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sten_derivatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sten</a> derivatives</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sten</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Sten T40 • Sten MkI • Sten MkI* • Sten MkII • Sten MkII(S) • Sten MkIII • Sten MkV • Sten MkT42 •</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Silenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Howes • Sten MkII(S) • Sten MkVI • Sten MkIVA • Sten MkIVB •</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Rofsten • Viper Mk1 • Howes • RCAF Sten • Small Arms Ltd. Model 2 • SAL XP-54 •</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">ARMAF MkI • RC NZ Sten • Blyzkowica • Halcon ML-57 • Modelo C4 • KIS • MP 3008 • Gerat Potsdam • Gnome et Rhome R5 • Gevarm • Erquiaga MR-64 • Dumoulin • Pieper • Imperia M.I.53 • AuSten • nr2A. • Sputter gun • York Arms Sten • International Ordnance MP2 • Cellini Dunn SM9 • Wildfire Munitions SM90 • Pleter • TNI Sten • Type 90 •</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Commonwealth_small_arms_of_World_War_II_and_Korea" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WW2_Brit_Comm_infantry_guns" title="Template:WW2 Brit Comm infantry guns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WW2_Brit_Comm_infantry_guns" title="Template talk:WW2 Brit Comm infantry guns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WW2_Brit_Comm_infantry_guns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WW2 Brit Comm infantry guns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Commonwealth_small_arms_of_World_War_II_and_Korea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British Commonwealth <a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">small arms</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(weapon)" title="Sidearm (weapon)">Sidearms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webley_Revolver" title="Webley Revolver">Webley Mk IV & Mk VI Revolvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_No._2" title="Enfield No. 2">Enfield No. 2</a> Mk I Revolver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning P-35 "Hi-Power" pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">M1911/M1911A1 pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson_Model_10" title="Smith & Wesson Model 10">Smith & Wesson "Victory" revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welrod" title="Welrod">Welrod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a> & <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">SMLE No. 1 Mk III* & Lee-Enfield No. 4 Mk.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1914_Enfield" title="Pattern 1914 Enfield">Pattern 1914 Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_carbine" title="Jungle carbine">Lee–Enfield No.5 Mk.I "jungle carbine"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_rifle" title="Ross rifle">Ross Rifle Mk.III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lisle_carbine" title="De Lisle carbine">De Lisle Commando carbine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_submachine_gun" title="Lanchester submachine gun">Lanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_submachine_gun" title="Austen submachine gun">Austen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokoda_submachine_gun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokoda submachine gun (page does not exist)">Kokoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_gun" title="Owen gun">Owen gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Welgun" title="BSA Welgun">Welgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">M1921/M1928/M1 Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1907_bayonet" title="Pattern 1907 bayonet">Pattern 1907 bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1907_bayonet#Pattern_1913_bayonet" title="Pattern 1907 bayonet">Pattern 1913 bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._4_bayonet" title="No. 4 bayonet">No. 4 bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._5_bayonet" title="No. 5 bayonet">No. 5 bayonet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine-guns</a> & other larger weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_machine_gun" title="Besa machine gun">Besa machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">Bren gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlton Automatic Rifle">Charlton Automatic Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers MG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers%E2%80%93Berthier" title="Vickers–Berthier">Vickers–Berthier LMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_K_machine_gun" title="Vickers K machine gun">Vickers K gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_anti-tank_rifle" title="Boys anti-tank rifle">Rifle, anti-tank, .55 in, Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacker_Bombard" title="Blacker Bombard">29 mm spigot mortar "Blacker Bombard"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-inch_mortar" title="Two-inch mortar">SBML 2-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northover_Projector" title="Northover Projector">Projector, 2½-inch Mk. II "Northover"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_3-inch_mortar" title="ML 3-inch mortar">ML 3-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_4.2-inch_mortar" title="ML 4.2-inch mortar">ML 4.2-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Gun" title="Smith Gun">3-inch Mk. I OSB gun "Smith gun"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamethrower,_Portable,_No_2" title="Flamethrower, Portable, No 2">No. 2 "Lifebuoy" flamethrower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">Grenades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:WW1and2_British_Grenades" title="Template:WW1and2 British Grenades">British grenades of WWI and WW2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">Small arms</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9mm Parabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.455_Webley" title=".455 Webley">.455 Webley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_S%26W" title=".38 S&W">.38/200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_Special" title=".38 Special">.38 Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 BMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.55_Boys" title=".55 Boys">.55 Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15%C3%97104mm_Brno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15×104mm Brno (page does not exist)">15×104mm Brno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weapons_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations_1722–1965" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Weapons_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations_1722–1965" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Weapons of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> 1722–1965</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">Handguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont%E2%80%93Adams_revolver" title="Beaumont–Adams revolver">Beaumont–Adams revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_revolver" title="Enfield revolver">Enfield revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webley_Revolver" title="Webley Revolver">Webley Revolver</a> Mk. I–VI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_No._2" title="Enfield No. 2">Enfield No. 2</a> revolver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning Hi-Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bess" title="Brown Bess">Brown Bess</a> musket</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_rifle" title="Ferguson rifle">Ferguson rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nock_gun" title="Nock gun">Nock gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_rifle" title="Baker rifle">Baker rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_rifle" title="Brunswick rifle">Brunswick rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1853_Enfield" title="Pattern 1853 Enfield">Enfield 1853 rifle-musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snider%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Snider–Enfield">Snider–Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martini%E2%80%93Henry" title="Martini–Henry">Martini–Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martini%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Martini–Enfield">Martini–Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Metford" title="Lee–Metford">Lee–Metford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_rifle" title="Ross rifle">Ross rifle</a></li> <li>Lee–Enfield No.5 Mk.I "<a href="/wiki/Jungle_carbine" title="Jungle carbine">jungle carbine</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Howell Automatic Rifle">Howell Automatic Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huot_Automatic_Rifle" title="Huot Automatic Rifle">Huot Automatic Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieder_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rieder Automatic Rifle">Rieder Automatic Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Lisle_carbine" title="De Lisle carbine">De Lisle Commando carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L1A1_SLR" class="mw-redirect" title="L1A1 SLR">L1A1 SLR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_submachine_gun" title="Lanchester submachine gun">Lanchester</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_gun" title="Owen gun">Owen gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">Sterling L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F1_submachine_gun" title="F1 submachine gun">F1 submachine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Rapid-fire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordenfelt_gun" title="Nordenfelt gun">Nordenfelt gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_gun" title="Gardner gun">Gardner gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QF_2_pounder_naval_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="QF 2 pounder naval gun">QF 2 pdr "Pom-Pom"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers%E2%80%93Berthier" title="Vickers–Berthier">Vickers–Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_K_machine_gun" title="Vickers K machine gun">Vickers K machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Automatic_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlton Automatic Rifle">Charlton Automatic Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besa_machine_gun" title="Besa machine gun">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besal" title="Besal">Besal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">Bren gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L7_(machine_gun)" class="mw-redirect" title="L7 (machine gun)">L7 (machine gun)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">Anti-tank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifle,_Anti-Tank,_.55_in,_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle, Anti-Tank, .55 in, Boys">Rifle, Anti-Tank, .55 in, Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_2_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance QF 2 pounder">2 pdr anti-tank gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_6_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance QF 6 pounder">6 pdr anti-tank gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_17-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 17-pounder">17 pdr anti-tank gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L6_Wombat" class="mw-redirect" title="L6 Wombat">L6 Wombat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">Field guns</a>, others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QF_25_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="QF 25 pounder">25 pdr field gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congreve_rocket" title="Congreve rocket">Congreve rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_2_inch_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="British 2 inch mortar">SBML 2-inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_ML_3_inch_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance ML 3 inch mortar">Ordnance ML 3 inch mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamethrower,_Portable,_No_2" title="Flamethrower, Portable, No 2">No.2 "Lifebuoy" flamethrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokes_mortar" title="Stokes mortar">Stokes mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTO_Melara_Mod_56" title="OTO Melara Mod 56">OTO Melara Mod 56</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211782#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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