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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collier%E2%80%99s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier’s Encyclopedia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Collier’s Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia_Collier" title="Enciclopedia Collier – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enciclopedia Collier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="دانشنامه کالی‌یر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشنامه کالی‌یر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Collier's Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Collier's Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Collier's Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Collier's Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Collier's Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Энциклопедия Кольера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энциклопедия Кольера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Collier's Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедія Кольєра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енциклопедія Кольєра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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href="/wiki/File:2011-07_Colllier_s_encyclopedia_in_librabry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2011-07_Colllier_s_encyclopedia_in_librabry.jpg/220px-2011-07_Colllier_s_encyclopedia_in_librabry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2011-07_Colllier_s_encyclopedia_in_librabry.jpg/330px-2011-07_Colllier_s_encyclopedia_in_librabry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2011-07_Colllier_s_encyclopedia_in_librabry.jpg/440px-2011-07_Colllier_s_encyclopedia_in_librabry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The encyclopedia in a German library, 2011</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Collier's Encyclopedia</b></i> is a discontinued general encyclopedia first published in 1949 by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fenelon_Collier" title="Peter Fenelon Collier">P. F. Collier and Son</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lucchese_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucchese-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, Collier's Encyclopedia</i> became one of the three major English-language general encyclopedias. The three were sometimes collectively called "the ABCs".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> acquired the right to use <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> content from Atlas Editions, which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield. Microsoft incorporated <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i>'s content into its <i><a href="/wiki/Encarta" title="Encarta">Encarta</a></i> digital multimedia encyclopedia, which it marketed until 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> was an entirely new, 20 volume work, with the first volumes available in 1949 and all volumes published by 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had more than 2,000 contributors, included 10,000 black and white illustrations, 96 pages of four-color illustrations, 126 colored maps and 100 black and white line maps. There were more than 400,000 index entries. <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> was printed with paper stock of top quality. The end sheets portrayed the development of civilization, and the cover stamping was 22-carat gold, with red panels on black.<sup id="cite_ref-lucchese_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucchese-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962, <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> was expanded to 24 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Collier's Encyclopedia,</i> updated annually, was especially strong in its coverage of the arts and humanities, social sciences, geography and botany. Most articles in <i>Collier's</i> were signed, many by prominent scholars. <a href="/wiki/William_Terry_Couch" title="William Terry Couch">William Terry Couch</a>, Editor-in-Chief during the 1950s, sought to present multiple and varying perspectives on all controversial issues addressed in <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> and in its annual <i>Year Book</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Couch's editorial staff included David Crawford, managing editor; Louis Shores, library consultant and advisory editor; Robert H. Blackburn, consultant for Canada; and Joseph T. Gleason, Jr., consultant for schools.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_predecessors">History and predecessors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collier%27s_Encyclopedia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and predecessors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colliers_Encyclopedia_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Colliers_Encyclopedia_2.jpg/105px-Colliers_Encyclopedia_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Colliers_Encyclopedia_2.jpg/158px-Colliers_Encyclopedia_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Colliers_Encyclopedia_2.jpg/210px-Colliers_Encyclopedia_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="3708" /></a><figcaption>Collier's encyclopedia on a book shelf</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the leadership of P.F. Collier and Son's President, <a href="/wiki/John_G._Ryan" title="John G. Ryan">John G. Ryan</a>, sales of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> increased substantially during the 1950s, rising from 46,374 sets in 1953 to 110,688 sets in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vast majority of sales of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> were by a door-to-door sales force, and part of a combination sale that included other P.F. Collier and Son publications such as the 50-volume Harvard Classics, The Junior Classics, dictionaries, and atlases. However, <i>Collier's Encyclopedia's</i> also enjoyed strong sales to schools and libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since its 1875 founding, P.F. Collier and Son gave customers the option to pay for books over time.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In-home encyclopedia purchasers typically paid for the books in small monthly payments over three years. In an era of heavy smoking, in the 1950s and 1960s, the cost of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> was equivalent to the cost of a pack a cigarettes a day. In 1962, the new 24-volume <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> was priced at $299.50, payable over 3 years, or at a daily cost of 27 cents.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average cost of a pack of cigarettes that year was also 27 cents.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an affordable price for middle and low income families. </p><p>For many families, owning a set of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> became a status symbol. P.F. Collier and Son had credit qualification standards for purchasers. In the 1950s, one of the qualifiers to determine if a family could afford the books was the presence of a telephone in the household. A company branch manager was required to phone the household to verify the details of each in-home sales order.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> proved highly profitable for P.F. Collier and Son. In 1956, John G. Ryan reported a net profit of 20% on $25 million in sales revenue,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an amount that kept P.F. Collier and Son's parent company, the <a href="/wiki/Crowell-Collier_Publishing_Company" title="Crowell-Collier Publishing Company">Crowell-Collier Publishing Company</a>, solvent as it suffered huge losses from its failing magazine business.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> P.F. Collier and Son's profits from sales of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> also funded Crowell Collier's expansion into radio stations and its 1960 purchase of the Macmillan publishing company.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his company's profits soaring, Ryan directed <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> Editor-in-Chief William Terry Couch and P.F. Collier publications director Everett Fontaine to compile an expanded revision of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> by 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 24-volume 1962 edition of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> had an imposing list of contributors, embracing authorities from universities, professional societies, government, and industry. The articles were arranged to provide a simple explanation and basic facts followed by more detailed Information. The 1962 edition contained 6,000 new illustrations, many in color, and 1,450 maps, 150 in color. One of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s strong features was its bibliography, which provided additional sources for further reading.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although work on the 1962 edition of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> was authorized by P.F. Collier and Son's president John Ryan, and initiated by his editorial staff, the completed 1962 work was published by the parent company, Crowell Collier, which had merged with its P.F. Collier and Son subsidiary in December 1960, and assumed its former subsidiary's publishing and sales financing activities.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, a French publisher, <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Editions" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas Editions">Atlas Editions</a>, a subsidiary of the Italian publishing giant <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>, acquired <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> from <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Inc." title="Macmillan Inc.">Macmillan Inc.</a>, the corporate name which Crowell Collier had assumed subsequent to its purchase and merger with Macmillan.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atlas Editions formed a sister company, Collier Newfield, to market <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i>. In 1997, Collier Newfield developed <i>Collier's Encyclopedia 1998</i>, a three-disk CD-ROM multimedia version featuring 17 million words and over 18,000 photos and illustrations, 6 hours of audio, 85 minutes of audio, a dictionary, and maps.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1997 24-volume <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> was to be the last print edition. The 1997 print edition extended to 19,900 pages. Bibliographies were found in the last volume, which also contained a 450,000 entry essential index.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Microsoft acquired the right to use <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> content from Atlas Editions, which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield. Microsoft incorporated <i>Collier's Encyclopedia's</i> content into its <i><a href="/wiki/Encarta" title="Encarta">Encarta</a></i> digital multimedia encyclopedia, which it marketed until 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atlas Editions has retained the right to publish <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> in book form, a right that it has never exercised.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kister's_comparison"><span id="Kister.27s_comparison"></span>Kister's comparison</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collier%27s_Encyclopedia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kister's comparison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A well-known analysis of major encyclopedias is that of <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kister" title="Kenneth Kister">Kenneth Kister</a>, who gave a qualitative and quantitative comparison of <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i> with the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> and the <i>Encyclopedia Americana</i> in 1994. For the <i>quantitative</i> analysis, ten articles were selected at random (<a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Drew" title="Charles R. Drew">Charles Drew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/IQ" class="mw-redirect" title="IQ">IQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panda_bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Panda bear">panda bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shroud_of_Turin" title="Shroud of Turin">Shroud of Turin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Letter_grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter grade">letter grades</a> (A–D, F) were awarded in four categories: coverage, accuracy, clarity, and recency. In all four categories and for all three encyclopedias, the four average grades fell between <a href="/wiki/Grade_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade conversion">B− and B+</a>, chiefly because not one encyclopedia had an article on <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> in 1994. In the accuracy category, <i>Collier's</i> received one <i>D</i> and seven <i>A</i>s. <i>Encyclopedia Americana</i> received eight <i>A</i>s, and the <i>Britannica</i> received one <i>D</i> and eight <i>A</i>s; thus, <i>Collier's</i> received an average score of 92% for accuracy to <i>Americana</i>'s 95% and <i>Britannica</i>'s 92%. In the timeliness category, <i>Collier's</i> averaged an 85% to <i>Americana</i>'s 90% and <i>Britannica</i>'s 86%. After a more thorough <i>qualitative</i> comparison of all three encyclopedias, Kister recommended <i>Collier's</i> as the best of the three big encyclopedias, primarily on the strength of its writing, presentation and navigation.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collier%27s_Encyclopedia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's New Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Terry_Couch" title="William Terry Couch">William Terry Couch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collier%27s_Encyclopedia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lucchese-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lucchese_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lucchese_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLucchese1949" class="citation news cs1">Lucchese, Sam F. (September 25, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78111350/1949-colliers-encyclopedia/">"Collier's Encyclopedia Rolling Off Presses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Constitution</a></i>. p. 14C. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3663871">3663871</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8278550">8278550</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Collier%27s+Encyclopedia+Rolling+Off+Presses&rft.pages=14C&rft.date=1949-09-25&rft.aulast=Lucchese&rft.aufirst=Sam+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F78111350%2F1949-colliers-encyclopedia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Colliers-Encyclopedia">"Collier's Encyclopedia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Collier%27s+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FColliers-Encyclopedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKister1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kister" title="Kenneth Kister">Kister, Kenneth F.</a> (1994). <i>Kister's Best Encyclopedias: A Comparative Guide to General and Specialized Encyclopedias</i> (2nd ed.). Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89774-744-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89774-744-5"><bdi>0-89774-744-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kister%27s+Best+Encyclopedias%3A+A+Comparative+Guide+to+General+and+Specialized+Encyclopedias&rft.place=Phoenix%2C+Arizona&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oryx+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-89774-744-5&rft.aulast=Kister&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelm1998" class="citation news cs1">Helm, Leslie (February 7, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/118859632/microsoft-to-buy-content-from-colliers/">"Microsoft to Buy Content From Collier's"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. pp. D1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/118859874/microsoft-to-buy-content-from-colliers/">D5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2022</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Microsoft+to+Buy+Content+From+Collier%27s&rft.pages=D1%2C+D5&rft.date=1998-02-07&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Helm&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F118859632%2Fmicrosoft-to-buy-content-from-colliers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1957/07/16/archives/ralph-g-smith-70-headed-book-firm-expresident-of-collier-son.html">"Ralph G. Smith, 70, Headed Book Firm"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. July 16, 1957. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ralph+G.+Smith%2C+70%2C+Headed+Book+Firm&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1957-07-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1957%2F07%2F16%2Farchives%2Fralph-g-smith-70-headed-book-firm-expresident-of-collier-son.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Collier Book Output Passes 200 Millions". <i>Collier's Cyclorama</i>. Vol. 1, no. 2. March 1956. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collier%27s+Cyclorama&rft.atitle=Collier+Book+Output+Passes+200+Millions&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1956-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiflett2015" class="citation book cs1">Shiflett, Orvin Lee (2015). <i>William Terry Couch and the Politics of Academic Publishing: An Editor's Career as Lightning Rod for Controversy</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9981-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-9981-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-9981-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Terry+Couch+and+the+Politics+of+Academic+Publishing%3A+An+Editor%27s+Career+as+Lightning+Rod+for+Controversy&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=McFarland+and+Company&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-9981-6&rft.aulast=Shiflett&rft.aufirst=Orvin+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Collier's Encyclopedia, Twenty Volumes with Bibliography and Index</i>. 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Collier Associates (1958). <i>1933–1958 Twenty Five Eventful Years in the History of P.F. Collier Corporation</i>. New York: P.F. Collier and Son Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1933%E2%80%931958+Twenty+Five+Eventful+Years+in+the+History+of+P.F.+Collier+Corporation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=P.F.+Collier+and+Son+Corporation&rft.date=1958&rft.au=P.F.+Collier+Associates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (February 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"CE Acceptance By Libraries Is Sales Aid". <i>Collier's Cyclorama</i>. Vol. 2, no. 4. July 1957. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collier%27s+Cyclorama&rft.atitle=CE+Acceptance+By+Libraries+Is+Sales+Aid&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1957-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Collier Book Output Passes 200 Millions". <i>Collier's Cyclorama</i>. Vol. 1, no. 2. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=24%2F7+Wall+St.&rft.atitle=Price+of+a+Pack+of+Cigarettes+the+Year+You+Were+Born&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F247wallst.com%2Fspecial-report%2F2017%2F06%2F14%2Fprice-of-a-pack-of-cigarettes-the-year-you-were-born%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Students Will Vie for $1,000 Scholarships". <i>Collier's Cyclorama</i>. Vol. 2, no. 3. May 1957. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collier%27s+Cyclorama&rft.atitle=Students+Will+Vie+for+%241%2C000+Scholarships&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1957-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77584488/1956-pf-collier-profits/">"Crowell Debt 9 Million"</a>. <i>The Journal Herald</i>. Dayton, Ohio. <a href="/wiki/United_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="United Press">United Press</a>. March 22, 1957. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11912626">11912626</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+Herald&rft.atitle=Crowell+Debt+9+Million&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1957-03-22&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11912626&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F77584488%2F1956-pf-collier-profits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77058930/pf-collier-80-of-crowell-collier-reve/">"Publisher Eyes Dividends in '58"</a>. <i>The Bridgeport Telegram</i>. July 17, 1957. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/849807606">849807606</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bridgeport+Telegram&rft.atitle=Publisher+Eyes+Dividends+in+%2758&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1957-07-17&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F849807606&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F77058930%2Fpf-collier-80-of-crowell-collier-reve%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77042238/colliers-encyclopedia-sales-1956/">"Collier's, 'Companion" to stop publishing in Jan"</a>. <i>Star-Gazette</i>. Elmira, New York. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. December 15, 1956. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10766825">10766825</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star-Gazette&rft.atitle=Collier%27s%2C+%27Companion%22+to+stop+publishing+in+Jan.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1956-12-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10766825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F77042238%2Fcolliers-encyclopedia-sales-1956%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79427320/crowell-collier-buys-macmillan-with-pf/">"Crowell Collier to Absorb Macmillan Publishing Firm"</a>. <i>The Miami Herald</i>. June 30, 1960. p. 12C. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/214677449">214677449</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Crowell+Collier+to+Absorb+Macmillan+Publishing+Firm&rft.pages=12C&rft.date=1960-06-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F214677449&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F79427320%2Fcrowell-collier-buys-macmillan-with-pf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalese1960" class="citation news cs1">Talese, Gay (June 30, 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1960/06/30/archives/crowellcollier-is-buying-control-of-macmillan-merger-goal-is-bigger.html">"Crowell Collier is Buying Control of Macmillan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Crowell+Collier+is+Buying+Control+of+Macmillan&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1960-06-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Talese&rft.aufirst=Gay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1960%2F06%2F30%2Farchives%2Fcrowellcollier-is-buying-control-of-macmillan-merger-goal-is-bigger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShiflett2015">Shiflett (2015)</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1962" class="citation news cs1">White, Ruth M. (July 29, 1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78116065/1962-colliers-encyclopedia/">"10 Year's Revision in Reference Work"</a>. <i>The Pittsburgh Press</i>. §5, p. 7. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2266185">2266185</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=10+Year%27s+Revision+in+Reference+Work&rft.pages=%C2%A75%2C+p.+7&rft.date=1962-07-29&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2266185&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Ruth+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F78116065%2F1962-colliers-encyclopedia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Plan of Merger and Liquidation of P.F. Collier and Son Corporation</i> (Board of Director meeting minutes). Crowell Collier Publishing Company. December 13, 1960.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plan+of+Merger+and+Liquidation+of+P.F.+Collier+and+Son+Corporation&rft.pub=Crowell+Collier+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1960-12-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span> Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Federal Trade Commission Decision". <i>Federal Trade Commission Volume Decision 75</i>. January–June 1969. pp. <span class="nowrap">212–</span>325.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Federal+Trade+Commission+Decision&rft.btitle=Federal+Trade+Commission+Volume+Decision+75&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E212-%3C%2Fspan%3E325&rft.date=1969-01%2F1969-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabrikant1993" class="citation news cs1">Fabrikant, Geraldine (September 8, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/08/business/the-media-business-maxwell-to-sell-collier-unit-to-2-european-publishers.html">"The Media Business: Maxwell to Sell Collier Unit to 2 European Publishers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Media+Business%3A+Maxwell+to+Sell+Collier+Unit+to+2+European+Publishers&rft.date=1993-09-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Fabrikant&rft.aufirst=Geraldine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F09%2F08%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-media-business-maxwell-to-sell-collier-unit-to-2-european-publishers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1">"Collier Newfield promotes John Perrachon to President" (Press release). Collier Newfield. August 4, 1997 – via Yahoo! Finance.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collier+Newfield+promotes+John+Perrachon+to+President&rft.pub=Collier+Newfield&rft.date=1997-08-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahrJohnstonBloomfield1997" class="citation book cs1">Bahr, Lauren S.; Johnston, Bernard; Bloomfield, Louise A., eds. (1997). <i>Collier's Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Atlas Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781571610935" title="Special:BookSources/9781571610935"><bdi>9781571610935</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Atlas+Editions&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781571610935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.writerswrite.com/atlas-editions-assigns-electronic-rights-2121998188">"Atlas Editions Assigns Electronic Rights for Collier's Encyclopedia to Microsoft"</a>. <i>Writers Write, Latest Book and Writing News</i>. February 12, 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Writers+Write%2C+Latest+Book+and+Writing+News&rft.atitle=Atlas+Editions+Assigns+Electronic+Rights+for+Collier%27s+Encyclopedia+to+Microsoft&rft.date=1998-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.writerswrite.com%2Fatlas-editions-assigns-electronic-rights-2121998188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKister1994">Kister (1994)</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler1898" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, William Henry, ed. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chandlersencycl00unkngoog"><i>Chandler's Encyclopedia: An Epitome of Universal Knowledge</i></a>. New York: Collier. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/679337537">679337537</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chandler%27s+Encyclopedia%3A+An+Epitome+of+Universal+Knowledge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Collier&rft.date=1898&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F679337537&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchandlersencycl00unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollier%27s+Encyclopedia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collier%27s_Encyclopedia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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