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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wooden string instrument</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Kendara</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kendara,_traditional_instrument_from_Odisha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kendara%2C_traditional_instrument_from_Odisha.jpg/66px-Kendara%2C_traditional_instrument_from_Odisha.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kendara%2C_traditional_instrument_from_Odisha.jpg/100px-Kendara%2C_traditional_instrument_from_Odisha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kendara%2C_traditional_instrument_from_Odisha.jpg/133px-Kendara%2C_traditional_instrument_from_Odisha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="1707" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sn old Kendara in display at <a href="/wiki/Odisha_State_Museum" title="Odisha State Museum">Odisha State Museum</a>, Bhubaneswar.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Kendera</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">321.322-71<br />(Composite <a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">chordophone</a> sounded by a <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bow</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #b0c4de"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamak" title="Khamak">Khamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm/220px--%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="148" data-mwtitle="ଯୋଗୀ_କେନ୍ଦରା_ବାଦକ.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%95.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A <i>jogi</i> playing Kendara.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Kendarā</b> ( <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>- କେନ୍ଦରା ) is a wooden <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">string instrument</a>. The <i>kendara</i> has one <a href="/wiki/Strings_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strings (music)">string</a> and is most commonly played by drawing a <a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">bow</a> across its string.<sup id="cite_ref-NettlPorter1998_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NettlPorter1998-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are mostly played traditionally by <i>jogi</i>s, people who would go from door to door with a dried <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourd</a> container to keep rice, and a kendara to play while singing, and accept food as alms.<sup id="cite_ref-BeheraIndia)1991_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeheraIndia)1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are rarely used in genres of folk including <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a>. The folk genre of music played in a <i>kendara</i> is known as <i>Kendarā Gita</i> ( <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>- କେନ୍ଦରା ଗୀତ ).<sup id="cite_ref-HejmadiPatnaik2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HejmadiPatnaik2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Behera1997_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behera1997-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-(India)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(India)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument rose to popularity during 12th century when <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> was made the official language of the then <a href="/wiki/Utkala_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Utkala Kingdom">Utkala Kingdom</a> but the common people did not understand, but the jogis were performing folk songs.<sup id="cite_ref-Jena1980_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jena1980-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kendara is often tied to <i>Natha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>-ନାଥ), a particular sect of the jogis that play the most popular variation of kendara. The other variation is known as <i>Majhi Kendarā</i> ( <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>- ମଝି କେନ୍ଦରା ) and is played by the <a href="/wiki/Santhal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhal people">Santhal people</a> in Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KarPanda1997_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KarPanda1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kendara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NettlPorter1998-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NettlPorter1998_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBruno_NettlJames_PorterTimothy_Rice1998" class="citation book cs1">Bruno Nettl; James Porter; Timothy Rice (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA983"><i>The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 983–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-4946-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-4946-1"><bdi>978-0-8240-4946-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music%3A+South+Asia+%3A+the+Indian+subcontinent&rft.pages=983-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1&rft.au=Bruno+Nettl&rft.au=James+Porter&rft.au=Timothy+Rice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZOlNv8MAXIEC%26pg%3DPA983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeheraIndia)1991-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeheraIndia)1991_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMohan_BeheraTribal_and_Harijan_Research-cum-Training_Institute_(Bhubaneswar,_India)1991" class="citation book cs1">Mohan Behera; Tribal and Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute (Bhubaneswar, India) (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0ITWAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Jayantira Pano: a scheduled caste community of Orissa</i></a>. Tribal and Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jayantira+Pano%3A+a+scheduled+caste+community+of+Orissa&rft.pub=Tribal+and+Harijan+Research-cum-Training+Institute&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Mohan+Behera&rft.au=Tribal+and+Harijan+Research-cum-Training+Institute+%28Bhubaneswar%2C+India%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0ITWAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HejmadiPatnaik2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HejmadiPatnaik2007_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPriyambada_Mohanty_HejmadiAhalya_Hejmadi_Patnaik2007" class="citation book cs1">Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi; Ahalya Hejmadi Patnaik (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSD0AAAAMAAJ"><i>Odissi, an Indian classical dance form</i></a>. Aryan Books International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7305-324-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7305-324-5"><bdi>978-81-7305-324-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odissi%2C+an+Indian+classical+dance+form&rft.pub=Aryan+Books+International&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7305-324-5&rft.au=Priyambada+Mohanty+Hejmadi&rft.au=Ahalya+Hejmadi+Patnaik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSD0AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Behera1997-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Behera1997_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJyoshnarani_Behera1997" class="citation book cs1">Jyoshnarani Behera (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UJr97JZXJPcC&pg=PA82"><i>Political Socialization of Women: A Study of Teenager Girls</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 82–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85495-21-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85495-21-7"><bdi>978-81-85495-21-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Socialization+of+Women%3A+A+Study+of+Teenager+Girls&rft.pages=82-&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-85495-21-7&rft.au=Jyoshnarani+Behera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUJr97JZXJPcC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(India)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-(India)_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrissa_(India)" class="citation book cs1">Orissa (India). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ"><i>Orissa District Gazetteers: Sambalpur</i></a>. Superintendent, Orissa Government Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orissa+District+Gazetteers%3A+Sambalpur&rft.pub=Superintendent%2C+Orissa+Government+Press&rft.au=Orissa+%28India%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXTduAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPraharaj1931" class="citation book cs1">Praharaj, Gopal Chandra (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.10:8421.praharaj"><i>Purnachandra Ordiya Bhashakosha</i></a>. Vuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press. <q>ଭିକମଗା ଉତ୍କଳୀଯ ୟୋଗୀଙ୍କ ବୀଣା—1. A one-stringed fiddle (horse-hair-stringed instrument) used by J̄ogī-beggars of Orissa.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Purnachandra+Ordiya+Bhashakosha&rft.place=Vuttack&rft.pub=Utkal+Sahitya+Press&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Praharaj&rft.aufirst=Gopal+Chandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdsalsrv02.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fphilologic%2Fgetobject.pl%3Fc.10%3A8421.praharaj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://desibulletin.in/%e0%ac%89%e0%ac%a4%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b3%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%af%e0%ad%9f%e0%ad%8b%e0%ac%97%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%99%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%ac%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%a3%e0%ac%be-%e0%ac%8f%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b8%e0%ac%82/"><span title=" tagged May 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jena1980-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jena1980_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFB._B._Jena1980" class="citation book cs1">B. B. Jena (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4zNuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Orissa, people, culture, and polity</i></a>. Kalyani Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orissa%2C+people%2C+culture%2C+and+polity&rft.pub=Kalyani+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.au=B.+B.+Jena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4zNuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_2lDAAAAYAAJ"><i>Folk Culture: Folk music & dance</i></a>. Institute of Oriental and Orissan Studies. 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folk+Culture%3A+Folk+music+%26+dance&rft.pub=Institute+of+Oriental+and+Orissan+Studies&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_2lDAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KarPanda1997-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KarPanda1997_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIndu_Bhusan_KarDurga_Charan_Panda1997" class="citation book cs1">Indu Bhusan Kar; Durga Charan Panda (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5a_WAAAAMAAJ"><i>Art Heritage of Orissa</i></a>. Advanced Centre for Indological Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+Heritage+of+Orissa&rft.pub=Advanced+Centre+for+Indological+Studies&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Indu+Bhusan+Kar&rft.au=Durga+Charan+Panda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5a_WAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKendara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><p><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Odia_culture" title="Template:Odia culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odia_culture" title="Template talk:Odia culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odia_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odia culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Odisha311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Odisha" title="Culture of Odisha">Culture of Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gotipua" title="Gotipua">Gotipua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahari_dance" title="Mahari dance">Mahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Odisha" title="Arts of Odisha">Folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Nacha" title="Bagha Nacha">Bagha Nacha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chadheia_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chadheia dance (page does not exist)">Chadheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaiti_ghoda" title="Chaiti ghoda">Chaiti ghoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chutkuchuta_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chutkuchuta dance (page does not exist)">Chutkuchuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalkhai" title="Dalkhai">Dalkhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danda_Nata" title="Danda Nata">Danda Nata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhan_koela_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhan koela dance (page does not exist)">Dhan Koela</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhuduki_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhuduki dance (page does not exist)">Dhuduki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghumura_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghumura Dance">Ghumura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jhumar_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jhumar dance (page does not exist)">Jhumar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodi_sankha_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jodi sankha dance (page does not exist)">Jodi sankha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_Naach" title="Karma Naach">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandhei_nacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandhei nacha (page does not exist)">Kandhei nacha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathi_Kandhei_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathi Kandhei dance (page does not exist)">Kathi Kandhei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keisabadi" title="Keisabadi">Keisabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacn%C4%AB" title="Nacnī">Nachni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naga_nrutya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naga nrutya (page does not exist)">Naga nrutya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pala_(dance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pala (dance) (page does not exist)">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasarkeli_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasarkeli dance (page does not exist)">Rasarkeli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranapa_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranapa dance (page does not exist)">Ranapa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambalpuri_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambalpuri dance (page does not exist)">Sambalpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samprada_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samprada dance (page does not exist)">Samprada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laudi_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laudi dance (page does not exist)">Laudi nata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lankapodi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lankapodi (page does not exist)">Lankapodi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lila_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lila dance (page does not exist)">Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamasa_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamasa dance (page does not exist)">Tamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasu_nrutya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasu nrutya (page does not exist)">Pasu nrutya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patua_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patua dance (page does not exist)">Patua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhi_Nata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakhi Nata (page does not exist)">Sakhi Nata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suanga (page does not exist)">Suanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Tribal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desia_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desia dance (page does not exist)">Desia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadaba_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadaba dance (page does not exist)">Gadaba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandha_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandha dance (page does not exist)">Kandha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koya_dane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koya dane (page does not exist)">Koya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onra_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onra dance (page does not exist)">Onra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraja_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraja dance (page does not exist)">Paraja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saura_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saura dance (page does not exist)">Saura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Odisha">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odissi_music" title="Odissi music">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanjani" title="Khanjani">Khanjani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kendara_gita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kendara gita (page does not exist)">Kendara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhumpa_sangita" title="Dhumpa sangita">Dhumpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Play, theatre and<br />puppetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Play and theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharata_Lila" title="Bharata Lila">Bharata Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasakathia" title="Dasakathia">Dasakathia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanu_Jatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhanu Jatra">Dhanu Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatra_(Odisha)" title="Jatra (Odisha)">Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahallada_Nataka" title="Prahallada Nataka">Prahallada Nataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Puppetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ravana_chhaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravana chhaya">Ravana chhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhi_kandhei" title="Sakhi kandhei">Sakhi kandhei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wedding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Hindu_wedding" title="Odia Hindu wedding">Odia Hindu wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_Odisha" title="Festivals of Odisha">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Jatra" title="Bali Jatra">Bali Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boita_Bandana" title="Boita Bandana">Boita Bandana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Deepabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dola_Yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dola Yatra">Dola Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuakhai" title="Nuakhai">Nuakhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Gamha Purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Purnima" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharad Purnima">Kumar Purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manabasa_Gurubara" title="Manabasa Gurubara">Manabasa Gurubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti (Maha Vishuba Sankranti)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pousha_Purnima" title="Pousha Purnima">Pousha Purnima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathamastami" title="Prathamastami">Prathamastami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_(festival)" title="Raja (festival)">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_Dashami" title="Samba Dashami">Samba Dashami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Brata" class="mw-redirect" title="Savitri Brata">Savitri Brata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitalsasthi" title="Sitalsasthi">Sitalsasthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snana_Yatra" title="Snana Yatra">Snana Jatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paika_akhada" title="Paika akhada">Paika akhada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handlooms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baleswari_bandha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baleswari bandha (page does not exist)">Baleswari bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur_Patta" title="Berhampur Patta">Berhampuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomkai_sari" title="Bomkai sari">Bomkai (Sonepuri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhalapathar_Parda_%26_Fabrics" title="Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics">Dhalapathar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur_Tussar_Fabrics" title="Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics">Gopalpur Tussar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habaspuri_sari" title="Habaspuri sari">Habaspuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotpad_Handloom_fabrics" title="Kotpad Handloom fabrics">Kotpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Ikat" title="Odisha Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasapali_sari" title="Pasapali sari">Pasapali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari" title="Sambalpuri sari">Sambalpuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts and<br />Handicrafts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Pattachitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhoti_chita" title="Jhoti chita">Jhoti chita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_painting" title="Saura painting">Saura painting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idital" title="Idital">Idital</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Handicrafts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pipili_appliqu%C3%A9_work" title="Pipili appliqué work">Chandua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarakasi" title="Tarakasi">Tarakasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjapa" title="Ganjapa">Ganjapa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clay_idols_of_Odisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clay idols of Odisha (page does not exist)">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving_in_Odisha" title="Stone carving in Odisha">Stoneworks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wooden_crafts_of_Odisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wooden crafts of Odisha (page does not exist)">Wooden crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell_metal_%26_Bronze_works_of_Odisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell metal & Bronze works of Odisha (page does not exist)">Bronze & Bell metal works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhokra" title="Dhokra">Dhokra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_architecture" title="Kalinga architecture">Kalinga architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deula" title="Deula">Deula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Calendar (<a href="/wiki/Panjika" title="Panjika">Panjika</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Odia_culture" title="Category:Odia culture">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_musical_instruments218" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_musical_instruments" title="Template:Indian musical instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_musical_instruments" title="Template talk:Indian musical instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_musical_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian musical instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_musical_instruments218" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_musical_instruments" title="List of Indian musical instruments">Indian musical instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wind (Sushir)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bansuri" title="Bansuri">Bansuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_organ#In_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Pump organ">Harmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnay" title="Karnay">Karnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombu_(instrument)" title="Kombu (instrument)">Kombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhal" title="Kuzhal">Kuzhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadaswaram" title="Nadaswaram">Nadaswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">Nafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungi" title="Pungi">Pungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankha" title="Shankha">Shankha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehnai" title="Shehnai">Shehnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shruti_box" title="Shruti box">Shruti box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharai" title="Tharai">Tharai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venu" title="Venu">Venu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plucked Stringed (Tat)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dotara" title="Dotara">Dotara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottuvadhyam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottuvadhyam">Gottuvadhyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pena_(musical_instrument)" title="Pena (musical instrument)">Pena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_veena" title="Rudra veena">Rudra veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santoor" title="Santoor">Santoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati_veena" title="Saraswati veena">Saraswati veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarod" title="Sarod">Sarod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_rebab" title="Seni rebab">Seni Rebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">Sitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surbahar" title="Surbahar">Surbahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarabat" title="Swarabat">Swarabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarmandal" title="Swarmandal">Swarmandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpura" title="Tanpura">Tanpura</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tanpura" title="Electronic tanpura">Electronic tanpura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veena" title="Veena">Veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichitra_veena" title="Vichitra veena">Vichitra veena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazh" title="Yazh">Yazh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bowed Stringed (Vitat)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esraj" title="Esraj">Dilruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esraj" title="Esraj">Esraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarangi" title="Sarangi">Sarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarinda_(instrument)" title="Sarinda (instrument)">Sarinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taus_(instrument)" title="Taus (instrument)">Taus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">Violin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anandalahari" title="Anandalahari">Anandalahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chande" title="Chande">Chande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenda" title="Chenda">Chenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru">Damaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhak_(instrument)" title="Dhak (instrument)">Dhaak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duggi_(drum)" title="Duggi (drum)">Duggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhol" title="Dhol">Dhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholak" title="Dholak">Dholak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholki" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholki">Dholki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idakka" title="Idakka">Edakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjira" title="Kanjira">Kanjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamak" title="Khamak">Khamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khol" title="Khol">Khol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madal" title="Madal">Madal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardala" title="Mardala">Mardala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizhavu" title="Mizhavu">Mizhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">Mridangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqareh" title="Naqareh">Nagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhavaj" title="Pakhavaj">Pakhawaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parai" title="Parai">Parai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambal_(drum)" title="Sambal (drum)">Sambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jori_(instrument)" title="Jori (instrument)">Jori (instrument)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thavil" title="Thavil">Tavil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udukai" title="Udukai">Udukai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimta" title="Chimta">Chimta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatam" title="Ghatam">Ghatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghungroo" title="Ghungroo">Ghungroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jal_tarang" title="Jal tarang">Jal tarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taal_(instrument)" title="Taal (instrument)">Kartal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanjani" title="Khanjani">Khanjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartal" title="Khartal">Khartal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taal_(instrument)" title="Taal (instrument)">Manjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Sangeet_Vadya" title="Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya">Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivari" title="Jivari">Jivari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical/possibly extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80l%C4%81pi%E1%B9%87%C4%AB_v%C4%AB%E1%B9%87%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ālāpiṇī vīṇā">Ālāpiṇī vīṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eka-tantri_vina" class="mw-redirect" title="Eka-tantri vina">Eka-tantri vina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnari_vina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinnari vina">Kinnari vina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinaka_vina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinaka vina">Pinaka vina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1271159938">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India-music.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/India-music.svg/30px-India-music.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/India-music.svg/45px-India-music.svg.png 1.5x, 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