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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Macau</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Macau" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Macau" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a 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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Macao" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Macau_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Macau (disambiguation)">Macau (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style>Macau<a href="#cite_note-16">[e]</a> or Macao<a href="#cite_note-17">[f]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC). With a population of about 710,000 people<a href="#cite_note-18">[12]</a> and a land area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">densely populated region</a> in the world. <table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Macau</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname" lang="zh-Hant-MO">澳門</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-pol-div-official-below"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent; text-align:center; line-height:normal; font-size:90%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Other official names</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanisation_of_Cantonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale romanisation of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale romanisation</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Jūng'wàh Yàhnmàhn Guhng'wòhgwok Oumún Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China</td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Macau"><img alt="Flag of Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/125px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/188px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/250px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macau" title="Flag of Macau">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Macau"><img alt="Official seal of Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/85px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/128px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg/170px-Regional_Emblem_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Macau" title="Emblem of Macau">Emblem</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Macau within China"><img alt="Location of Macau within China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macau_locator_map.svg/250px-Macau_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macau_locator_map.svg/375px-Macau_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macau_locator_map.svg/500px-Macau_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="907"></a><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Macau within China</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese lease</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1557</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Portuguese_Treaty_of_Peking" title="Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking">Treaty of Peking</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 1887</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Portuguese_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration">Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26 March 1987</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Macau" title="Handover of Macau">Handover of Macau</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20 December 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes of Macau">parish</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>by population</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_de_F%C3%A1tima,_Macau" title="Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau">Nossa Senhora de Fátima</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Chinese<a href="#cite_note-wfb-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-official-lang-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-chinese-varieties-3">[a]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><a href="#cite_note-wfb-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-official-lang-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-language-status-4">[b]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-lang"><a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">Regional languages</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a><a href="#cite_note-chinese-varieties-3">[a]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Portuguese" title="Macanese Portuguese">Macanese Portuguese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-lang"><a href="/wiki/Official_script" title="Official script">Official scripts</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a><a href="#cite_note-language-status-4">[b]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">Portuguese orthography</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2016)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">88.4% <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> 4.6% <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a> 2.4% <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a> 1.7% <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> 2.8% other<a href="#cite_note-ethnicity2016-5">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macau_people" title="Macau people">Macau</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[c]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolved</a> <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive-led</a> government within a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hou_Fai" title="Sam Hou Fai">Sam Hou Fai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_Administration_and_Justice_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for Administration and Justice (Macau)">Administration and Justice Secretary</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cheong_Weng_Chon" title="Cheong Weng Chon">André Cheong Weng Chon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Macau" title="President of the Legislative Assembly of Macau">Assembly President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kou_Hoi_In" title="Kou Hoi In">Kou Hoi In</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Song_Man_Lei" title="Song Man Lei">Song Man Lei</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Macau" title="Legislative Assembly of Macau">Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">National representation</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 delegates<a href="#cite_note-nationalReps-10">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Macau" title="Geography of Macau">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">119.3 km2 (46.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">71.25<a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/Alto_de_Coloane" title="Alto de Coloane">Alto de Coloane</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">172.4 m (565.6 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Macau" title="Demographics of Macau">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">712,651</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,300/km2 (52,576.8/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $92.885 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MO-12">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">101st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $125,510<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MO-12">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $54.677 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MO-12">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">90th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $78,962<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MO-12">[9]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">9th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2018)</th><td class="infobox-data">36.0<a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0.925<a href="#cite_note-15">[d]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">24th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">MOP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Macau_Standard_Time" title="Macau Standard Time">Macau Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy yyyy年mm月dd日</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">Mains electricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">220 V–50 Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Left</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Macau" title="Telephone numbers in Macau">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Macau" title="Telephone numbers in Macau">+853</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MO" title="ISO 3166-2:MO">MO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-MO</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.mo" title=".mo">.mo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title=".澳門">.澳門</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title=".澳门">.澳门</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_China#Cross-border_with_Hong_Kong_and_Macau" title="Vehicle registration plates of China">Licence plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None for local vehicles, 粤Z for cross-boundary vehicles</td></tr></tbody></table> Formerly a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> colony, the territory of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> was first leased to <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading post</a> in 1557. Portugal paid an annual rent and administered the territory under Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> until 1887, when Portugal gained perpetual colonial rights with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Portuguese_Treaty_of_Peking" title="Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking">Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking</a>. The colony remained under Portuguese rule until the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Macau" title="Handover of Macau">1999 handover</a> to China. Macau is a <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative region</a> of China, which maintains separate governing and economic systems from those of mainland China under the principle of "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>".<a href="#cite_note-NYTHandover-19">[13]</a> The unique blend of Portuguese and Chinese architecture in the city's <a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Macau" title="Historic Centre of Macau">historic centre</a> has resulted in its designation as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-20">[14]</a> The gambling industry of Macau is seven times larger than that of <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP72-21">[15]</a> The city has one of the highest GDPs per capita and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDPs per capita by purchasing power parity</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-22">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP7778-23">[17]</a> It has a very high <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> of 0.925, as calculated by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Government of Macau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HDI-14">[11]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">fourth-highest life expectancy</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-CIALifeExpectancy-24">[18]</a> The territory is highly urbanised, holding the status of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">most densely populated territory</a> on Earth; two-thirds of the total land area is built on <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclaimed from the sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LandReclamation-25">[19]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Government_and_politics">3 Government and politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Lusophonia_membership">3.1 Lusophonia membership</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Administrative_divisions">3.2 Administrative divisions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Geography">4 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Climate">4.1 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Demographics">5 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Economy">6 Economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Infrastructure">7 Infrastructure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Transport">7.1 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Healthcare">7.2 Healthcare</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Education">8 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Culture">9 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Cuisine">9.1 Cuisine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Sports">9.2 Sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">10 Twin towns and sister cities</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Union_of_Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic_Capital_Cities">10.1 Union of Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic Capital Cities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#See_also">11 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Notes">12 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#References">13 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Citations">13.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Sources">13.2 Sources</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Government_reports">13.2.1 Government reports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Academic_publications">13.2.2 Academic publications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Legislation">13.2.3 Legislation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Print">13.2.4 Print</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#News_articles">13.2.5 News articles</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#External_links">14 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Macau" title="Names of Macau">Names of Macau</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Macau</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/120px-Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="614"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 144px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/120px-Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" data-width="120" data-height="144" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/240px-Macau_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><div class="infobox-caption">"Macau" in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a> (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:澳門">澳門</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:澳门">澳门</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Bay Gate</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Àomén</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ㄠˋ ㄇㄣˊ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ao4-men2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ào-mén</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[âʊ.mə̌n]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">other Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></th><td class="infobox-data">اَوْمٍ</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">au去men平</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Au4 mun2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oumún</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ou3 mun2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Canton Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ou3mun4*2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[ɔw˧.mun˧˥]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ò-mn̂g</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ó̤-muòng</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Macau Special Administrative Region</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">澳門特別行政區 (or 澳門特區)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">澳门特别行政区 (or 澳门特区)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Àomén Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū (Àomén Tèqū)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ㄠˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄩ (ㄠˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄑㄩ)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ao4-men2 Tʻe4-pieh2 Hsing2-cheng4-chʻü1 (Ao4-men2 Tʻe4 Chʻü1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ào-mén Tè-bié Síng-jhèng-cyu (Ào-mén Tè-cyu)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[âʊ.mə̌n tʰɤ̂.pjě ɕǐŋ.ʈʂə̂ŋ.tɕʰý]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[âʊ.mə̌n tʰɤ̂.tɕʰý]</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">au去men平 deh入bih入 ghan平tsen去chiu平</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Au4mun2 Tet6piet6 hang2zin4ki1 (Au4mun2 Tet6ki1)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oumún Dahkbiht Hàhngjing Keūi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ou3 mun2 dak6 bit6 hang4 zing3 keoi1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Canton Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ou3mun>4*2 Deg6bid6 Heng4jing3 Kêu1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[ɔw˧.mun˧˥ tɐk̚˨.pit̚ hɐŋ˩.tsɪŋ˧ kʰɵɥ˥]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Portuguese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Região Administrativa Especial de Macau <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w ɐðminiʃtɾɐˈtivɐ ɨʃpɨsiˈal dɨ mɐˈkaw]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> The first known written record of the name "Macau", rendered as "A Ma Gang" (亞/阿-媽/馬-港), is found in a letter dated 20 November 1555. The local inhabitants believed that the sea goddess <a href="/wiki/Mazu_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazu (goddess)">Matsu</a> (alternatively called A-Ma) had blessed and protected the harbour and referred to the waters around <a href="/wiki/A-Ma_Temple" title="A-Ma Temple">A-Ma Temple</a> by her name.<a href="#cite_note-WuJinEtymology-26">[20]</a> When Portuguese explorers first arrived in the area and asked for the place name, the locals thought they were asking about the temple and told them it was "Ma Kok" (媽閣).<a href="#cite_note-27">[21]</a> The earliest Portuguese spelling for this was Amaquão. Multiple variations were used until Amacão / Amacao and Macão / Macao became common during the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-WuJinEtymology-26">[20]</a> The 1911 <a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Portuguese_orthography" title="Reforms of Portuguese orthography">reform of Portuguese orthography</a> standardised the spelling as Macau; however, the use of Macao persisted in English and other European languages.<a href="#cite_note-28">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Macau_Peninsula" title="Macau Peninsula">Macau Peninsula</a> had many names in Chinese, including Jing'ao (井澳/鏡澳), Haojing (濠鏡), and Haojing'ao (濠鏡澳).<a href="#cite_note-WuJinEtymology-26">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChineseEtymology-29">[23]</a> The islands <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a> were collectively called Shizimen (十字門). These names would later become Ou mún (澳門), Aomen in Mandarin and translating as "bay gate" or "port gate", to refer to the whole territory.<a href="#cite_note-ChineseEtymology-29">[23]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Macau" title="History of Macau">History of Macau</a></div> During the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> (221–206 BC), the region was under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Panyu_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Panyu County">Panyu County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai Prefecture</a> of the province of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2018YearbookP483-30">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-MinahanP169-31">[25]</a> The region is first known to have been settled during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a> It was administratively part of <a href="/wiki/Dongguan_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongguan Prefecture">Dongguan Prefecture</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin dynasty</a> (266–420 AD), and alternated under the control of Nanhai and Dongguan in later dynasties. In 1152, during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279 AD), it was under the jurisdiction of the new <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Xiangshan County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2018YearbookP483-30">[24]</a> In 1277, approximately 50,000 refugees fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China" title="Mongol conquest of China">Mongol conquest of China</a> settled in the coastal area.<a href="#cite_note-MinahanP169-31">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[27]</a> The first European visitor to reach China by sea was the explorer <a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares">Jorge Álvares</a>, who arrived in 1513.<a href="#cite_note-Hao10-34">[28]</a> Merchants first established a trading post in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> waters at <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A3o" title="Tamão">Tamão</a>, present-day <a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun" title="Tuen Mun">Tuen Mun</a>, beginning regular trade with nearby settlements in southern China.<a href="#cite_note-Hao10-34">[28]</a> Military clashes between the Ming and Portuguese navies followed the expulsion of the Tamão traders in 1521.<a href="#cite_note-HaoTamao-35">[29]</a> Despite the trade ban, Portuguese merchants continued to attempt to settle on other parts of the Pearl River estuary, finally settling on Macau.<a href="#cite_note-HaoTamao-35">[29]</a> In their first attempts at obtaining trading posts by force, the Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Chinese at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tunmen" title="Battle of Tunmen">Battle of Tunmen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A3o" title="Tamão">Tamão</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun" title="Tuen Mun">Tuen Mun</a>) in 1521, where the Portuguese lost two ships. They were also defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sincouwaan" title="Battle of Sincouwaan">Battle of Sincouwaan</a> around <a href="/wiki/Lantau_Island" title="Lantau Island">Lantau Island</a>, where the Portuguese lost two more ships. Other defeats include <a href="/wiki/Shuangyu" title="Shuangyu">Shuangyu</a> in 1548, where several Portuguese were captured, and near <a href="/wiki/Dongshan_County" title="Dongshan County">Dongshan County</a> in 1549, where two Portuguese junks and <a href="/wiki/Galeote_Pereira" title="Galeote Pereira">Galeote Pereira</a> were captured. During these battles the Ming Chinese captured weapons from the defeated Portuguese which they reverse engineered and mass-produced in China. These included the <a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">matchlock</a> <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">musket</a> <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebuses</a>, which they named <a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_China#History" title="Gun control in China">bird guns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_swivel_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading swivel guns">breech-loading swivel guns</a>, which they named as Folangji (<a href="/wiki/Franks#Crusaders_and_other_Western_Europeans_as_%22Franks%22" title="Franks">Frankish</a>) cannon because the Portuguese were known to the Chinese under the name of Franks at this time. The Portuguese later returned to China peacefully and presented themselves under the name Portuguese instead of Franks in the <a href="/wiki/Luso-Chinese_agreement_(1554)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)">Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)</a>. They rented Macau as a trading post from China by paying annual lease of hundreds of silver <a href="/wiki/Taels" class="mw-redirect" title="Taels">taels</a> to Ming China.<a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a> Luso-Canton trade relations were formally <a href="/wiki/Luso-Chinese_agreement_(1554)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luso-Chinese agreement (1554)">reestablished</a> in 1554, and Portugal soon after acquired a permanent lease for Macau in 1557,<a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a> agreeing to pay 500 taels of silver as annual land rent.<a href="#cite_note-38">[32]</a> Macau became a stopover on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_lane" title="Sea lane">sea lane</a> that connected <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> with the wider world. The Portuguese could avoid the Pearl River and inched towards <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a>. But as they failed to establish trading relationships with the Chinese, the Portuguese focused on trade with Japan.<a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Macau" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Macau">Roman Catholic Diocese of Macau</a> was created in 1576, and by 1583 the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Council_of_Macau" title="Municipal Council of Macau">Municipal Council of Macau</a> had been established to handle municipal affairs for the growing settlement.<a href="#cite_note-Mendes10-40">[34]</a> Macau was at the peak of its prosperity as a major <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">warehouse</a> during the late 16th century, providing a crucial connection in exporting Chinese silk to Japan during the <a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a> period.<a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4907" data-file-height="3328"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Nieuhof-Ambassade-vers-la-Chine-1665_0739.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Dutch ships firing their cannons in the waters of Macau, drawn in 1665</figcaption></figure> Although the Portuguese were initially prohibited from fortifying Macau or stockpiling weapons, the <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_do_Monte" title="Fortaleza do Monte">Fortaleza do Monte</a> was constructed in response to <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">frequent Dutch naval incursions</a>. The Dutch attempted to take the city in the 1622 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Macau" title="Battle of Macau">Battle of Macau</a>, but were repelled successfully by the Portuguese.<a href="#cite_note-42">[36]</a> Macau entered a period of decline in the 1640s following a series of catastrophic events for the burgeoning colony: Portuguese access to trade routes was irreparably severed when <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Japan halted trade</a> in 1639,<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> and after the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a> of 1640,<a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> fell to the Dutch in 1641.<a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> Maritime trade with China was banned in 1644 following the <a href="/wiki/Transition_from_Ming_to_Qing" title="Transition from Ming to Qing">Qing conquest</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Haijin" title="Haijin">Haijin</a> policies. It was limited only to Macau on a lesser scale while the new dynasty focused on eliminating surviving <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Ming loyalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> While the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> lifted the prohibition in 1684, China again restricted trade decades later under the <a href="/wiki/Canton_System" title="Canton System">Canton System</a> in 1757.<a href="#cite_note-48">[42]</a> Foreign ships were required to stop first at Macau before further proceeding to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a> Qing authorities exercised a much greater role in governing the territory during this period; Chinese residents were subject to Qing courts and new construction had to be approved by the resident <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)" title="Mandarin (bureaucrat)">mandarin</a> beginning in the 1740s.<a href="#cite_note-50">[44]</a> As the opium trade became more lucrative during the 18th century, Macau again became an important stopping point en route to China.<a href="#cite_note-51">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg/220px-China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2889" data-file-height="2159"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg/220px-China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg/330px-China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg/440px-China_unknown_artist_early_19th_C_-_Macao_oil_on_canvas_IMG_9411_Museum_of_Asian_Civilisation.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macau in the early 19th century</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> and the establishment of <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> by the British, Macau lost its role as a major port.<a href="#cite_note-52">[46]</a> Firecracker and incense production, as well as tea and tobacco processing, were vital industries in the colony during this time.<a href="#cite_note-53">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[48]</a> Portugal was able to capitalise on China's postwar weakness and assert its sovereignty; the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Macau" title="Governor of Macau">Governor of Macau</a> began refusing to pay China annual land rent for the colony in the 1840s,<a href="#cite_note-deSousa79-55">[49]</a> and annexed <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a>, in 1851 and 1864, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-56">[50]</a> Portugal also occupied nearby <a href="/wiki/Wanzai,_Small_Hengqin_and_Great_Hengqin_islands" title="Wanzai, Small Hengqin and Great Hengqin islands">Lapa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Montanha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-deSousa79-55">[49]</a> But these were returned to China by 1887, when perpetual occupation rights over Macau were formalised in the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Portuguese_Treaty_of_Peking" title="Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking">Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking</a>. This agreement also prohibited Portugal from ceding Macau without Chinese approval.<a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a> Despite occasional conflict between Cantonese authorities and the colonial government, Macau's status remained unchanged through the republican revolutions of both <a href="/wiki/5_October_1910_revolution" title="5 October 1910 revolution">Portugal in 1910</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">China in 1911</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chan2003Republic-58">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> further affirmed Portuguese jurisdiction in Macau when the Treaty of Peking was renegotiated in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-Chan2003Republic-58">[52]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> did not occupy the colony and generally respected <a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portuguese neutrality</a> in Macau. However, after Japanese troops captured a British cargo ship in Macau waters in 1943, Japan installed a group of government "advisors" as an alternative to military occupation. The territory largely avoided military action during the war except in 1945, when the United States ordered air raids on Macau after learning that the colonial government was preparing to sell aviation fuel to Japan. In 1950 the US paid Portugal more than US$20 million in compensation for the damage during the war.<a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a> Refugees from mainland China swelled the population as they fled from the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. Access to a large workforce enabled Macau's economy to grow as the colony expanded its clothing and textiles manufacturing industry, developed its tourism industry, and legalised casino gaming.<a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a> However, at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, residents dissatisfied with the colonial administration rioted in the 1966 <a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a>, in which 8 people were killed and more than 200 were injured. Portugal lost full control over the colony afterwards, and agreed to cooperate with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> in exchange for continued administration of Macau.<a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a> Following the 1974 <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a>, Portugal formally relinquished Macau as an overseas province and acknowledged it as a "Chinese territory under Portuguese administration".<a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> After China first concluded <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">arrangements on Hong Kong's future</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, it entered negotiations with Portugal over Macau in 1986. These concluded with the signing of the 1987 <a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_on_the_Question_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau">Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau</a>, in which Portugal agreed the handover of the colony in 1999 and China guaranteed Macau's political and economic systems for 50 years after the handover.<a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> In the waning years of colonial rule, Macau rapidly urbanised and constructed large-scale infrastructure projects, including the <a href="/wiki/Macau_International_Airport" title="Macau International Airport">Macau International Airport</a> and a new <a href="/wiki/Macau_Container_Port" title="Macau Container Port">container port</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Macau" title="Handover of Macau">handover of Macau</a> was at midnight on 20 December 1999, after 442 years of Portuguese rule.<a href="#cite_note-NYTHandover-19">[13]</a> Following the handover, Macau liberalised its casino industry (which previously operated under a government-licensed monopoly) to allow foreign investors, starting a new period of economic development. The regional economy grew by a double-digit annual growth rate from 2002 to 2014, making Macau one of the richest economies in the world on a per capita basis.<a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a> Political debates have centred on the region's jurisdictional independence and the central government's adherence of "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>". While issues such as <a href="/wiki/Macau_national_security_law" title="Macau national security law">national security legislation</a> have been controversial, Macanese residents generally have high levels of trust in the government.<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> Kwong and Wong<a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a> explain this by comparing Macau to Hong Kong: "The case of Macau shows that the very small size of a 'microstate' helps central authorities to exercise political control, stifle political pluralism, and monopolize opinions, all of which strengthen regime persistence." </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government and politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Government of Macau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Macau" title="Politics of Macau">Politics of Macau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Macau" title="Elections in Macau">Elections in Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg/220px-Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg/220px-Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg/330px-Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg/440px-Assembleia_Legislativa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The legislature meets in the <a href="/wiki/Macau_Legislative_Assembly_Building" title="Macau Legislative Assembly Building">Legislative Assembly Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9,_Macau" title="Sé, Macau">Sé</a>.</figcaption></figure> Macau is a <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative region of China</a>, with executive, legislative, and judicial powers devolved from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">national government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CastellucciBLFundamentals-68">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_on_the_Question_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau">Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration</a> provided for economic and administrative continuity through the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Macau" title="Handover of Macau">handover</a>, resulting in an executive-led governing system largely inherited from the territory's history as a Portuguese colony.<a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a> Under these terms and the "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>" principle, the <a href="/wiki/Macao_Basic_Law" title="Macao Basic Law">Basic Law of Macao</a> is the regional <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> Because negotiations for the Joint Declaration and Basic Law began after transitional arrangements for Hong Kong were made, Macau's structure of government is very similar to Hong Kong's.<a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a> The regional government is composed of three branches: <ul><li>Executive: The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a> is responsible for enforcing regional law,<a href="#cite_note-BLM50-72">[66]</a> can force reconsideration of legislation,<a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> and appoints <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Macau" title="Executive Council of Macau">Executive Council</a> members, a portion of the legislature, and principal officials.<a href="#cite_note-BLM50-72">[66]</a> Acting with the Executive Council, the Chief Executive can propose new bills, issue <a href="/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_legislation" title="Primary and secondary legislation">subordinate legislation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a> and has authority to dissolve the legislature.<a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a></li> <li>Legislature: The unicameral <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Macau" title="Legislative Assembly of Macau">Legislative Assembly</a> enacts regional law, approves budgets, and has the power to impeach a sitting Chief Executive.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a></li> <li>Judiciary: The <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Final_Appeal_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Final Appeal (Macau)">Court of Final Appeal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Macau" title="Judiciary of Macau">lower courts</a>, whose judges are appointed by the Chief Executive on the advice of a recommendation commission,<a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> interpret laws and overturn those inconsistent with the Basic Law.<a href="#cite_note-78">[72]</a></li></ul> The Chief Executive is the head of government, and serves for a maximum of two five-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> (led by the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier of China</a>) appoints the Chief Executive after nomination by the Election Committee, which is composed of 400 business, community, and government leaders.<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a> The Legislative Assembly has 33 members, each serving a four-year term: 14 are <a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_member_(Macau)" title="Directly elected member (Macau)">directly elected</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Indirectly_elected_member" title="Indirectly elected member">indirectly elected</a>, and 7 <a href="/wiki/Appointed_Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Appointed Member of the Legislative Assembly">appointed</a> by the Chief Executive.<a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a> Indirectly elected assemblymen are selected from limited electorates representing sectors of the economy or special interest groups.<a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a> All directly elected members are chosen with <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a> Twelve political parties had representatives elected to the Legislative Assembly in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Macanese_legislative_election" title="2017 Macanese legislative election">2017 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a> These parties have aligned themselves into two ideological groups: the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Macau)">pro-establishment</a> (the current government) and <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Macau)">pro-democracy</a> camps.<a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a> Macau is represented in the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> by 12 deputies chosen through an electoral college, and 29 delegates in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> appointed by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">central government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nationalReps-10">[7]</a> Macau has generally congenial relations with China's central government.<a href="#cite_note-:1-87">[81]</a>: 182 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG/220px-Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG/220px-Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG/330px-Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG/440px-Macau_Government_Headquarters_01.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Macau_Government_Headquarters" title="Macau Government Headquarters">Macau Government Headquarters</a> is the official office of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Macau" title="Chief Executive of Macau">Chief Executive</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Chinese national law</a> does not generally apply in the region, and Macau is treated as a separate jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-CastellucciBLFundamentals-68">[62]</a> Its judicial system is based on <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Portugal" title="Law of Portugal">Portuguese civil law</a>, continuing the legal tradition established during colonial rule. Interpretative and amending power over the Basic Law and jurisdiction over acts of state lie with the central authority, however, making regional courts ultimately subordinate to the mainland's <a href="/wiki/Socialist_law" title="Socialist law">socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> system. Decisions made by the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a> can also override territorial judicial processes.<a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a> In 2021, after similar actions were taken in Hong Kong following the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">protests</a> associated with the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement, 21 candidates running for office in the territorial elections were disqualified as a result of allegedly failing to support the Basic Law, although no specific violations were noted by the territory's electoral commission.<a href="#cite_note-davidson-89">[83]</a> The territory's jurisdictional independence is most apparent in its <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Macau" title="Visa policy of Macau">immigration</a> and taxation policies. The Identification Department issues <a href="/wiki/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">passports</a> for permanent residents which differ from those issued by the mainland or Hong Kong, and the region maintains a regulated border with the rest of the country.<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a> All travellers between Macau and China and Hong Kong must pass border controls, regardless of nationality.<a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a> Chinese citizens resident in mainland China do not have the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_in_Macau" title="Right of abode in Macau">right of abode in Macau</a> and are subject to immigration controls.<a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> Public finances are handled separately from the national government, and taxes levied in Macau do not fund the central authority.<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Macao_Garrison" title="Macao Garrison">Macao Garrison</a> is responsible for the region's defence. Although the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a> is <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Command_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Military Command of the People's Republic of China">supreme commander</a> of the armed forces,<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> the regional government may request assistance from the garrison.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a> Macau residents are not required to perform military service and the law also has no provision for local enlistment, so its defence force is composed entirely of nonresidents.<a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> handle diplomatic matters, but Macau retains the ability to maintain separate economic and cultural <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Macau" title="Foreign relations of Macau">relations with foreign nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> The territory negotiates its own trade agreements and actively participates in supranational organisations, including agencies of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> The regional government maintains trade offices in Greater China and other nations.<a href="#cite_note-101">[95]</a> Public political demonstrations in Macau are generally rare.<a href="#cite_note-:1-87">[81]</a>: 182 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lusophonia_membership">Lusophonia membership</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lusophonia membership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Macau is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a>, despite Portuguese being one of its official languages. This is due to it not being a sovereign nation, but a subnational division of China. In 2006, during the II Ministerial meeting between China and Portuguese Speaking Countries, the CPLP Executive Secretary and Deputy ambassador Tadeu Soares invited the Chief Executive of the Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region, Edmund Ho, to request the Associate Observer status for Macau. The Government of Macau has yet to make this request. In 2016, Murade Murargy, then executive secretary of CPLP said in an interview that Macau's membership is a complicated question, since like the <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia region</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, it is not an independent country, but only a part of China.<a href="#cite_note-PontoFinal_2016-10-29-102">[96]</a> However, the Instituto Internacional de Macau (澳門國際研究所) and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Saint_Joseph" title="University of Saint Joseph">University of São José</a> are Consultative Observers of the CPLP.<a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_and_parishes_of_Macau" title="Municipalities and parishes of Macau">Municipalities and parishes of Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png/220px-Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 297px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png/220px-Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png" data-width="220" data-height="297" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png/330px-Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png/440px-Administrative_Division_of_Macau.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Administrative divisions of Macau</figcaption></figure> The territory is divided into seven parishes. <a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a>, a major area developed on reclaimed land between <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a>, and areas of the <a href="/wiki/Macau_New_Urban_Zone" title="Macau New Urban Zone">Macau New Urban Zone</a> do not have defined parishes.<a href="#cite_note-parishes-105">[99]</a> Historically, the parishes belonged to one of two municipalities (the <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Macau" title="Municipality of Macau">Municipality of Macau</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Ilhas" title="Municipality of Ilhas">Municipality of Ilhas</a>) that were responsible for administering municipal services. The municipalities were abolished in 2001 and superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Civic_and_Municipal_Affairs_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau">Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau</a> in providing local services.<a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parish/Area </th> <th>Chinese </th> <th>Area (km2)<a href="#cite_note-parishes-105">[99]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Parishes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_de_F%C3%A1tima,_Macau" title="Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau">Nossa Senhora de Fátima</a> </td> <td>花地瑪堂區 </td> <td>3.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio,_Macau" title="Santo António, Macau">Santo António</a> </td> <td>花王堂區 </td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_L%C3%A1zaro" title="São Lázaro">São Lázaro</a> </td> <td>望德堂區 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o,_Macau" title="São Lourenço, Macau">São Lourenço</a> </td> <td>風順堂區 </td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9,_Macau" title="Sé, Macau">Sé</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Macau_New_Urban_Zone" title="Macau New Urban Zone">New District Zone B</a>) </td> <td>大堂區 (包括新城B區) </td> <td>3.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Nossa Senhora do Carmo</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Macau_New_Urban_Zone" title="Macau New Urban Zone">New District Zone E</a>) </td> <td>嘉模堂區 (包括新城E區) </td> <td>7.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">São Francisco Xavier</a> </td> <td>聖方濟各堂區 </td> <td>7.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Other areas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a> </td> <td>路氹填海區 </td> <td>6.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macau_New_Urban_Zone" title="Macau New Urban Zone">New District Zone A</a> </td> <td>新城A區 </td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macau_New_Urban_Zone" title="Macau New Urban Zone">HZMB Zhuhai-Macau Port</a> </td> <td>港珠澳大橋珠澳口岸 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Macau" title="University of Macau">University of Macau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a> campus) </td> <td>澳門大學 (橫琴校區) </td> <td>1.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Macau" title="Geography of Macau">Geography of Macau</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#2E8B57;color:white;">Map of the Pearl River Delta</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Huizhou" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.848%;left:48.765%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Zhongshan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Zhongshan" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.234%;left:51.44%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Zhuhai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Zhuhai" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.696%;left:51.235%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Macau" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue">Macau</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.491%;left:37.654%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Zhaoqing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Zhaoqing" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.696%;left:35.802%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Enping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Enping" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.216%;left:41.358%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Heshan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Heshan" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.48%;left:40.535%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Kaiping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Kaiping" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.228%;left:40.535%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><noscript><img alt="Sihui" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 8px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" data-alt="Sihui" data-width="8" data-height="8" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:skyblue"><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></div></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">Macau (Guangdong)</div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3064"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_Macau_at_night.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of Macau Peninsula</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3855"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A 1954 map of the <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a> region. Macau is located at the bottom-right of the region.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 198px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="198" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nf49-8-back.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of Macau</figcaption></figure> Macau is located on China's southern coast, 60 km (37 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, on the western side of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl River (China)">Pearl River</a> estuary. It is surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> in the east and south, and neighbours the Guangdong city of <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> to the west and north.<a href="#cite_note-MokHoi202-107">[101]</a> The territory consists of <a href="/wiki/Macau_Peninsula" title="Macau Peninsula">Macau Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a> A 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi) parcel of land in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a> island that hosts the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Macau" title="University of Macau">University of Macau</a> also falls under the regional government's jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP76-109">[103]</a> The territory's highest point is <a href="/wiki/Coloane_Alto" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloane Alto">Coloane Alto</a>, 170.6 m (560 ft) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-parishes-105">[99]</a> Urban development is concentrated on peninsular Macau, where most of the population lives.<a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> The peninsula was originally a separate island with hilly terrain, which gradually became a <a href="/wiki/Tombolo" title="Tombolo">tombolo</a> as a connecting sandbar formed over time. Both natural sedimentation and <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a> expanded the area enough to support urban growth.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> Macau has tripled its land area in the last century, increasing from 10.28 km2 (3.97 sq mi) in the late 19th century<a href="#cite_note-LandReclamation-25">[19]</a> to 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi) in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-parishes-105">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a>, the area of reclaimed land connecting Taipa and Coloane, contains many of the newer casinos and resorts established after 1999.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP7778-23">[17]</a> The region's jurisdiction over the surrounding sea was greatly expanded in 2015, when it was granted an additional 85 km2 (33 sq mi) of maritime territory by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> Further reclamation is underway to develop parts of the <a href="/wiki/Macau_New_Urban_Zone" title="Macau New Urban Zone">Macau New Urban Zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> The territory also has control over part of an artificial island to maintain a <a href="/wiki/Border_checkpoint" title="Border checkpoint">border checkpoint</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge" title="Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge">Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parishes-105">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Despite being located south of the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>, Macau has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> Cwa), characteristic of southern China. The territory is dual season dominant – summer (May to September) and winter (December to February) are the longest seasons, while spring (March and April) and autumn (October and November) are relatively brief periods.<a href="#cite_note-MokHoi202-107">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Monsoon">summer monsoon</a> brings warm and humid air from the sea, with the most frequent rainfall occurring during the season. <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">Typhoons</a> also occur most often then, bringing significant spikes in rainfall. During the winter, northern winds from the continent bring dry air and much less rainfall.<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> The highest and lowest temperatures recorded at the <a href="/wiki/Macao_Meteorological_and_Geophysical_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau">Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau</a> are 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) on both 2 July 1930 and 6 July 1930 and −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) on 26 January 1948.<a href="#cite_note-macaoclimate-116">[110]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Macau (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1 (84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3 (95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5 (99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9 (98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5 (101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1 (100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7 (83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4 (88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3 (72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 (32.7) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 (37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (1.35) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.9 (1.73) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.0 (3.15) </td> <td style="background: #12FF12; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.5 (6.04) </td> <td style="background: #005300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">286.0 (11.26) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">373.7 (14.71) </td> <td style="background: #004C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">290.7 (11.44) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">331.4 (13.05) </td> <td style="background: #009F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">227.8 (8.97) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.1 (2.96) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.0 (1.54) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (1.23) </td> <td style="background: #06FF06; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,966.6 (77.43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.7 </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.6 </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">130.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000B3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000B9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B9B94E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.5 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7 </td> <td style="background: #888888; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.8 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.6 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.5 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.0 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.2 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.2 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.1 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.1 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,749.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Macao_Meteorological_and_Geophysical_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau">Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau</a><a href="#cite_note-SMG1-117">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-macaoclimate-116">[110]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1549px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Macau Peninsula skyline, viewed from Taipa"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg/1541px-Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="1541" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="603"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1541px;height: 220px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg/1541px-Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="1541" data-height="220" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg/2312px-Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg/3082px-Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_Peninsula_Wikivoyage_banner.jpg" title="File:Macau Peninsula Wikivoyage banner.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">The Macau Peninsula skyline, viewed from Taipa</div></div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1268px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the Macau Old City"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Macau_banner.jpg/1260px-Macau_banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="1260" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1260px;height: 180px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Macau_banner.jpg/1260px-Macau_banner.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="1260" data-height="180" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Macau_banner.jpg/1890px-Macau_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Macau_banner.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_banner.jpg" title="File:Macau banner.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">View of the Macau Old City</div></div></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Macau" title="Demographics of Macau">Demographics of Macau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau_people" title="Macau people">Macau people</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Religion in Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Population graph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/220px-Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2212" data-file-height="1777"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/220px-Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png" data-alt="Population graph" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/330px-Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/440px-Macau_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>2020 <a href="/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">population pyramid</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Statistics_and_Census_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics and Census Service">Statistics and Census Service</a> estimated Macau's population at 667,400 at the end of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-2019Population-118">[112]</a> With a population density of 21,340 people per square kilometre,<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> Macau is the most densely populated region in the world. The overwhelming majority (88.7 per cent) are <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>, many of whom originate from <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> (31.9 per cent) or <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> (5.9 per cent).<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> The remaining 11.6 per cent are non ethnic Chinese minorities, primarily <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> (4.6 per cent), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a> (2.4 per cent), and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> (1.8 per cent).<a href="#cite_note-ethnicity2016-5">[3]</a> Several thousand residents are of <a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese</a> heritage, native-born <a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">multiracial</a> people with mixed Portuguese ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> Of the total population (excluding migrants), 49.4 per cent were born in Macau, followed by 43.1 per cent in mainland China.<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> A large portion of the population are <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law#Macau" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portuguese citizens</a>, a legacy of colonial rule; at the time of the handover in 1999, 107,000 residents held Portuguese passports.<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a> The predominant language is <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">variety of Chinese</a> originating in Guangdong. It is spoken by 87.5 per cent of the population, 80.1 per cent as a first language and 7.5 per cent as a second language. Only 2.3 per cent can speak <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, the other official language;<a href="#cite_note-official-lang-2">[2]</a> 0.7 per cent are native speakers, and 1.6 per cent use it as a second language. Increased immigration from mainland China in recent years has added to the number of <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> speakers, making up about half of the population (50.4 per cent); 5.5 per cent are native speakers and 44.9 per cent are second language speakers.<a href="#cite_note-language2016-124">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese characters</a> are used in writing, rather than the <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified characters</a> used on the mainland. English is considered an additional working language<a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a> and is spoken by over a quarter of the population (27.5 per cent); 2.8 per cent are native speakers, and 24.7 per cent speak English as a second language.<a href="#cite_note-language2016-124">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Macanese_Patois" title="Macanese Patois">Macanese Patois</a>, a local <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole</a> generally known as Patuá, is now spoken only by a few in the older Macanese community.<a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 90.420359373902px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 32.491969623291px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Religion in Macau</a> (2012)<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-127">[121]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a>) (80%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (6.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other (13.7%)</div> </div> </div></div> According to the Government Information Bureau, 80 per cent of the population practices <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Buddhism</a>, 6.7 per cent follow <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Christianity</a> and 13.7 per cent follow other religion.<a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> Folk practices are also common among the citizens. According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a> have the most adherents (58.9 per cent) and are followed by <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (17.3 per cent) and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (7.2 per cent), while 15.4 per cent of the population profess no religious affiliation at all. Small minorities adhering to other religions (less than 1 per cent), including <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Macau" title="Islam in Macau">Islam</a>, are also resident in Macau.<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> Life expectancy in Macau was 81.6 years for males and 87.7 years for females in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-CIALifeExpectancy-24">[18]</a> the fourth highest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">heart disease</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_disease" title="Respiratory disease">respiratory disease</a> are the territory's three leading causes of death. Most government-provided healthcare services are free of charge, though alternative treatment is also heavily subsidised.<a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a> Migrant workers living in Macau account for over 25 per cent of the entire workforce.<a href="#cite_note-foreignLabour2016-132">[126]</a> They largely work in lower wage sectors of the economy, including construction, hotels, and restaurants. As a growing proportion of local residents take up employment in the gaming industry, the disparity in income between local and migrant workers has been increasing.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP76-109">[103]</a> Rising living costs have also pushed a large portion of nonresident workers to live in Zhuhai.<a href="#cite_note-foreignLabour2016-132">[126]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Macau" title="Economy of Macau">Economy of Macau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Macau" title="Tourism in Macau">Tourism in Macau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Macau" title="Gambling in Macau">Gambling in Macau</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_Skyline_(157820121).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg/250px-Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg/250px-Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg" data-alt="" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg/375px-Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg/500px-Macau_Skyline_%28157820121%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Casinos on the Macanese skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_photo_g_f.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Marine_photo_g_f.jpg/250px-Marine_photo_g_f.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2354"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Marine_photo_g_f.jpg/250px-Marine_photo_g_f.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="250" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Marine_photo_g_f.jpg/375px-Marine_photo_g_f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Marine_photo_g_f.jpg/500px-Marine_photo_g_f.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Marina at <a href="/wiki/Macau_Fisherman%27s_Wharf" title="Macau Fisherman's Wharf">Macau Fisherman's Wharf</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/375px-%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%AD%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tourism plays an important role in the economy of Macau, the people from Mainland China being the region's most prolific tourists.</div></div></div></div></div> Macau has a <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">service economy</a> largely based on <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a> gaming and tourism. It is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">83rd-largest economy</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product#Nominal_GDP_and_adjustments_to_GDP" title="Gross domestic product">nominal GDP</a> of approximately MOP433 billion (US$53.9 billion).<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MO-12">[9]</a> The GDP per capita was US$69,430 in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> Although Macau has one of the highest per capita GDPs, the territory also has a high level of <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">wealth disparity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP7778-23">[17]</a> Macau's gambling industry is the largest in the world, generating over MOP195 billion (US$24 billion) in revenue and about seven times larger than that of <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP72-21">[15]</a> Macau's gambling revenue was $37 billion in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-134">[128]</a> Taxes from gambling revenues fund a robust welfare system and an annual cash payment to Macau's citizens.<a href="#cite_note-:1-87">[81]</a>: 204 The regional economy is heavily reliant on casino gaming.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP72-21">[15]</a> The vast majority of government funding (79.6 per cent of total tax revenue) comes from gaming.<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a> Local taxes on personal income, residential property, and retail sales range from non-existent to negligible.<a href="#cite_note-:1-87">[81]</a>: 16 Gambling as a share of GDP peaked in 2013 at over 60 per cent,<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP72-21">[15]</a> and continues to account for 49.1 per cent of total economic output. The vast majority of casino patrons are tourists from mainland China, making up 68 per cent of all visitors.<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a> Casino gaming is illegal in both the mainland and Hong Kong, giving Macau a legal monopoly on the industry in China.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP72-21">[15]</a> Revenue from Chinese high rollers has been falling and was forecast to fall as much as 10% more in 2019. Economic uncertainty may account for some of the drop, but alternate Asian gambling venues do as well. For example, Chinese visitors to the Philippines more than doubled between 2015 and 2018, since the City of Dreams casino opened in Manila.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-134">[128]</a> Casino gambling was legalised in 1962 and the gaming industry initially operated under a government-licensed monopoly granted to the <a href="/wiki/Sociedade_de_Turismo_e_Divers%C3%B5es_de_Macau" title="Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau">Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau</a>. This licence was renegotiated and renewed several times before ending in 2002 after 40 years.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> The government then allowed open bidding for casino licences to attract foreign investors.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP74-138">[132]</a> Along with an easing of travel restrictions on mainland Chinese visitors, this triggered a period of rapid economic growth; from 1999 to 2016, Macau's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> multiplied by 7<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP72-21">[15]</a> and the unemployment rate dropped from 6.3 to 1.9 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP76-109">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sands_Macao" title="Sands Macao">Sands Macao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wynn_Macau" title="Wynn Macau">Wynn Macau</a>, <a href="/wiki/MGM_Macau" title="MGM Macau">MGM Macau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Macau">Venetian Macau</a> were all opened during the first decade after liberalisation of casino concessions.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP74-138">[132]</a> Casinos employ about 24 per cent of the total workforce in the region.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP76-109">[103]</a> "Increased competition from casinos popping up across Asia to lure away Chinese high rollers and tourists" in Singapore, South Korea, Japan, Nepal, the Philippines, Australia, Vietnam and the Russian Far East led in 2019 to the lowest revenues in three years.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-134">[128]</a> Export-oriented manufacturing previously contributed to a much larger share of economic output, peaking at 36.9 per cent of GDP in 1985<a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> and falling to less than 1 per cent in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a> The bulk of these exports were cotton textiles and apparel, but also included toys and electronics.<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> At the handover in 1999, manufacturing, financial services, construction and real estate, and gaming were the four largest sectors of the economy.<a href="#cite_note-ShengGuP72-21">[15]</a> Macau's shift to an economic model entirely dependent on gaming caused concern over its overexposure to a single sector, prompting the regional government to attempt re-diversifying its economy.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> The government traditionally had a non-interventionist role in the economy and taxes corporations at very low rates.<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> Post-handover administrations have generally been more involved in enhancing social welfare to counter the cyclical nature of the gaming industry.<a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> Economic growth has been attributed in large part to the high number of mainlander visits to Macau, and the central government exercises a role in guiding casino business growth through its control of the flow of tourists.<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a> formalised a policy of free trade between Macau and mainland China, with each jurisdiction pledging to remove remaining obstacles to trade and cross-boundary investment.<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> Due to a lack of available land for farming, agriculture is not significant in the economy. Food is exclusively imported to Macau and almost all foreign goods are transshipped through Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-148">[142]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Infrastructure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Macau" title="Transport in Macau">Transport in Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_(24311327220).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg/220px-Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3615" data-file-height="2561"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg/220px-Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg/330px-Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg/440px-Air_Macau_Airbus_A321-200_B-MCA_%2824311327220%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Air_Macau" title="Air Macau">Air Macau</a> Airbus A321 taxiing at <a href="/wiki/Macau_International_Airport" title="Macau International Airport">Macau International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Macau has a highly developed road system, with over 400 km (250 mi) of roads. Automobiles drive <a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">on the left</a> (unlike in both mainland China and Portugal), due to historical influence of the British Empire.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Vehicle traffic is extremely congested, especially in the oldest part of the city, where streets are the narrowest.<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> Public bus services operate over 80 routes, supplemented by free hotel shuttle buses that also run routes to popular tourist attractions and downtown locations.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> About 1,500 black taxicabs are licensed in the territory.<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Zhuhai%E2%80%93Macau_Bridge" title="Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge">Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge</a>, opened in 2018, provides a direct link with the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary.<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> Cross-boundary traffic to mainland China may also pass through border checkpoints at the <a href="/wiki/Portas_do_Cerco" title="Portas do Cerco">Portas do Cerco</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3tus_Bridge" title="Lótus Bridge">Lótus Bridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qingmao_Port" title="Qingmao Port">Qingmao Port</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Macau_International_Airport" title="Macau International Airport">Macau International Airport</a> serves over 8 million passengers each year and is the primary hub for local flag carrier <a href="/wiki/Air_Macau" title="Air Macau">Air Macau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> Ferry services to Hong Kong and mainland China operate out of ferry terminals such as <a href="/wiki/Taipa_Ferry_Terminal" title="Taipa Ferry Terminal">Taipa Ferry Terminal</a>. Daily helicopter service is also available to Hong Kong and Shenzhen.<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a> Phase 1 of the territory's first rail network, the <a href="/wiki/Macau_Light_Rapid_Transit" title="Macau Light Rapid Transit">Macau Light Rapid Transit</a>, began operations in December 2019. The <a href="/wiki/Taipa_line" title="Taipa line">Taipa line</a> connects 11 metro stations throughout Taipa and Cotai.<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Healthcare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Macau" title="Healthcare in Macau">Healthcare in Macau</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Macau" title="List of hospitals in Macau">List of hospitals in Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MUST_Hospital_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/MUST_Hospital_01.jpg/220px-MUST_Hospital_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2230" data-file-height="1254"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/MUST_Hospital_01.jpg/220px-MUST_Hospital_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/MUST_Hospital_01.jpg/330px-MUST_Hospital_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/MUST_Hospital_01.jpg/440px-MUST_Hospital_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Macau_University_of_Science_and_Technology_Hospital" title="Macau University of Science and Technology Hospital">Macau University of Science and Technology Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> Macau is served by one major public hospital, the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Conde_S._Janu%C3%A1rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Conde S. Januário">Hospital Conde S. Januário</a>, and one major private hospital, the <a href="/wiki/Kiang_Wu_Hospital" title="Kiang Wu Hospital">Kiang Wu Hospital</a>, both located in Macau Peninsula, as well as a university associated hospital called <a href="/wiki/Macau_University_of_Science_and_Technology_Hospital" title="Macau University of Science and Technology Hospital">Macau University of Science and Technology Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cotai" title="Cotai">Cotai</a>. In addition to hospitals, Macau also has numerous health centres providing free basic medical care to residents. Consultation in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a> is also available.<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> None of the Macau hospitals are independently assessed through <a href="/wiki/International_healthcare_accreditation" title="International healthcare accreditation">international healthcare accreditation</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western</a>-style medical school was opened in Macau in 2019 by the Macau University of Science and Technology, with an annual intake of 50 students.<a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> Local nurses are trained at the <a href="/wiki/Macao_Polytechnic_University" title="Macao Polytechnic University">Macao Polytechnic University</a> and the Kiang Wu <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a> College of Macau.<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[155]</a> There are no training courses in <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a> in Macau.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChanLeongLukYeung2010471-162">[156]</a> A study by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Macau" title="University of Macau">University of Macau</a>, commissioned by the Macau SAR government, concluded that Macau is too small to have its own medical specialist training centre.<a href="#cite_note-Yaupatients-163">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Bureau" title="Fire Services Bureau">Fire Services Bureau</a> is responsible for ambulance service (Ambulância de Macau). The <a href="/wiki/Macau_Red_Cross" title="Macau Red Cross">Macau Red Cross</a> also operates ambulances (<a href="/wiki/Toyota_HiAce" title="Toyota HiAce">Toyota HiAce</a> vans) for emergency and non-emergencies to local hospitals with volunteer staff. The organisation has a total of 739 uniformed firefighters and paramedics serving from 7 stations in Macau.<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> The Health Bureau in Macau is mainly responsible for coordinating the activities between the public and private organisations in the area of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>, and assure the health of citizens through specialised and <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary health care</a> services, as well as disease prevention and <a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">health promotion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_(Macau)" title="Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Macau)">Macau Centre for Disease Control and Prevention</a> was established in 2001, which monitors the operation of hospitals, health centres, and the <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a> centre in Macau. It also handles the organisation of care and prevention of diseases affecting the population, sets guidelines for hospitals and private healthcare providers, and issues <a href="/wiki/Medical_license" title="Medical license">licenses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit">[update]</a> Macau healthcare authorities send patients to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_Hospital_(Hong_Kong)" title="Queen Mary Hospital (Hong Kong)">Queen Mary Hospital</a> in Hong Kong in instances where the local Macau hospitals are not equipped to deal with their scenarios, and many Macau residents intentionally seek healthcare in Hong Kong because they place more trust in Hong Kong doctors than in Mainland-trained doctors operating in Macau.<a href="#cite_note-Yaupatients-163">[157]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Macau" title="Education in Macau">Education in Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UM_Hengqin_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/UM_Hengqin_2.jpg/220px-UM_Hengqin_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/UM_Hengqin_2.jpg/220px-UM_Hengqin_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/UM_Hengqin_2.jpg/330px-UM_Hengqin_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/UM_Hengqin_2.jpg/440px-UM_Hengqin_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The main campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Macau" title="University of Macau">University of Macau</a> is located in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Hengqin</a>.</figcaption></figure> Education in Macau does not have a single centralised set of standards or curriculum. Individual schools follow different educational models, including Chinese, Portuguese, Hong Kong, and British systems.<a href="#cite_note-TangBrayEdu-167">[161]</a> Children are required to attend school from the age of five until completion of lower secondary school, or at age 15. Of residents aged 3 and older, 69 per cent completed lower secondary education, 49 per cent graduated from an upper secondary school, 21 per cent earned a bachelor's degree or higher.<a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a> Mandatory education has contributed to an adult literacy rate of 96.5 per cent. While lower than that of other developed economies, the rate is due to the influx of refugees from mainland China during the post-war colonial era. Much of the elderly population were not formally educated due to war and poverty.<a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a> Most schools in the territory are private institutions. Out of the 77 non-tertiary schools, 10 are public and the other 67 are privately run.<a href="#cite_note-2018YearbookP289-170">[164]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Macau" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Macau">Roman Catholic Diocese of Macau</a> maintains an important position in territorial education, managing 27 primary and secondary schools.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> The government provides 15 years of free education for all residents enrolled in publicly run schools,<a href="#cite_note-2018YearbookP289-170">[164]</a> and subsidises tuition for students in private schools. Students at the secondary school level studying in neighbouring areas of Guangdong are also eligible for tuition subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> The vast majority of schools use Cantonese as the <a href="/wiki/Medium_of_instruction" title="Medium of instruction">medium of instruction</a>, with written education in Chinese and compulsory classes in Mandarin. A minority of private schools use English or Portuguese as the primary teaching language. Portuguese-Chinese schools mainly use Chinese, but additionally require mandatory Portuguese-language classes as part of their curriculum.<a href="#cite_note-TangBrayEdu-167">[161]</a> Macau has <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Macau" title="List of universities and colleges in Macau">ten universities and tertiary education institutes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Macau" title="University of Macau">University of Macau</a>, founded in 1981, is the territory's only public comprehensive university. The <a href="/wiki/Kiang_Wu_Hospital#Kiang_Wu_Nursing_College_of_Macau" title="Kiang Wu Hospital">Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau</a> is the oldest higher institute, specialising in educating future nursing staff for the college's parent hospital. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Saint_Joseph" title="University of Saint Joseph">University of Saint Joseph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macau_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Macau University of Science and Technology">Macau University of Science and Technology</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_Macau" title="City University of Macau">City University of Macau</a> were all established in subsequent years. Five other institutes specialise in specific vocations or provide <a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[167]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Macau" title="Culture of Macau">Culture of Macau</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/220px-%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3314" data-file-height="1819"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 121px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/220px-%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="121" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/330px-%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/440px-%E9%A3%8E%E9%A1%BA%E5%A0%82%E5%8C%BA_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Senado_Square" title="Senado Square">Senado Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Templo_Na_Tcha,_Macao,_2013-08-08,_DD_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg/220px-Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4980" data-file-height="3320"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg/220px-Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg/330px-Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg/440px-Templo_Na_Tcha%2C_Macao%2C_2013-08-08%2C_DD_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Na_Tcha_Temple" title="Na Tcha Temple">Na Tcha Temple</a></div></div></div></div></div> The mixing of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese culture">Portuguese culture</a> and religious traditions for more than four centuries has left Macau with an inimitable collection of holidays, festivals and events. The biggest event of the year is the <a href="/wiki/Macau_Grand_Prix" title="Macau Grand Prix">Macau Grand Prix</a> each November,<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> when the main streets of the Macau Peninsula are converted to a racetrack bearing similarities with the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco Grand Prix</a>. Other annual events include Macau Arts festival in March, the International Fireworks Display Contest in September, the International Music festival in October or November, and the Macau International Marathon in December. The Lunar <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> is the most important traditional festival, and celebration normally takes place in late January or early February.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-175">[169]</a> The Pou Tai Un Temple in Taipa is the place for the Feast of Tou Tei, the Earth god, in February. The Procession of the Passion of Our Lord is a well-known Roman Catholic rite and journey, which travels from Saint Austin's Church to the cathedral, also taking place in February.<a href="#cite_note-Asiarooms-176">[170]</a> The A-Ma Temple, which honours the Goddess Matsu, is in full swing in April with many worshipers celebrating the A-Ma festival. In May, it is common to see dancing dragons at the Feast of the Drunken Dragon and twinkling-clean Buddhas at the Feast of the Bathing of Lord Buddha. In <a href="/wiki/Coloane_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloane Village">Coloane Village</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoist">Taoist</a> god <a href="/wiki/Tam_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam Kong">Tam Kong</a> is also honoured on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-Asiarooms-176">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Dragon Boat Festival">Dragon Boat Festival</a> is brought into play on Nam Van Lake in June and Hungry Ghosts' festival, in late August and/or early September every year. All events and festivities of the year end with <a href="/wiki/Dongzhi_Festival" title="Dongzhi Festival">Winter Solstice</a> in December. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="594"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Macau_-_Fortaleza_de_Guia_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Capela de Nossa Senhora da Guia and Guia Lighthouse at the <a href="/wiki/Guia_Fortress" title="Guia Fortress">Guia Fortress</a></figcaption></figure> Macau preserves many historical properties in the urban area. Its <a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Macau" title="Historic Centre of Macau">historic centre</a>, which includes some twenty-five historic locations, was officially listed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> on 15 July 2005 during the 29th session of the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">World Heritage Committee</a>, held in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> However, the Macao government is criticised for ignoring the conservation of heritage in urban planning.<a href="#cite_note-YC2007-178">[172]</a> In 2007, local residents of Macao wrote a letter to UNESCO complaining about construction projects around <a href="/wiki/World_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World heritage">world heritage</a> <a href="/wiki/Guia_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Guia Lighthouse">Guia Lighthouse</a> (Focal height 108 m (354 ft)), including the headquarter of the Liaison Office (91 m (299 ft)). UNESCO then issued a warning to the Macau government, which led former Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ho" title="Edmund Ho">Edmund Ho</a> to sign a notice regulating height restrictions on buildings around the site.<a href="#cite_note-mdt2016-179">[173]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/New_Macau_Association" title="New Macau Association">New Macau Association</a> submitted a report to UNESCO claiming that the government had failed to protect Macao's cultural heritage against threats by urban development projects. One of the main examples of the report is that the headquarter of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government, which is located on the Guia foothill and obstructs the view of the <a href="/wiki/Guia_Fortress" title="Guia Fortress">Guia Fortress</a> (one of the world heritages symbols of Macao). One year later, Roni Amelan, a spokesman from UNESCO Press service, said that the UNESCO has asked China for information and is still waiting for a reply.<a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-mdt2016-179">[173]</a> In 2016, the Macau government approved an 81-metre (266 ft)-tall construction limit for the residential project, which reportedly goes against the city's regulations on the height of buildings around world heritage site Guia Lighthouse.<a href="#cite_note-mdt2016-179">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cuisine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG/177px-MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG" decoding="async" width="177" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 177px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG/177px-MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="177" data-height="118" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG/266px-MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG/354px-MargaretCafe_PasteisDeNata.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Porkchopbun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Porkchopbun.jpg/157px-Porkchopbun.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 157px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Porkchopbun.jpg/157px-Porkchopbun.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="157" data-height="118" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Porkchopbun.jpg/236px-Porkchopbun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Porkchopbun.jpg/314px-Porkchopbun.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(Left): Macanese-style <a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">pastel de nata</a>. (Right): <a href="/wiki/Pork_chop_bun" title="Pork chop bun">Pork chop buns</a> are popular street snacks.</div></div></div></div> Food in Macau is mainly based on both <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese cuisine</a>, drawing influences from <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a> dishes as well, reflecting a unique cultural and culinary blend after centuries of colonial rule.<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> Portuguese recipes were adapted to use local ingredients, such as fresh seafood, <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adzuki_bean" title="Adzuki bean">adzuki beans</a>. These adaptations produced Macanese variations of traditional Portuguese dishes including <a href="/wiki/Caldo_verde" title="Caldo verde">caldo verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minchee" title="Minchee">minchee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cozido_%C3%A0_portuguesa" title="Cozido à portuguesa">cozido à portuguesa</a>. While many restaurants claim to serve traditional Portuguese or Macanese dishes, most serve a mix of Cantonese-Portuguese fusion cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Galinha_%C3%A0_portuguesa" title="Galinha à portuguesa">Galinha à portuguesa</a> is an example of a Chinese dish that draws from Macanese influences, but is not part of Macanese cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-LongMacauFood-182">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cha_chaan_teng" title="Cha chaan teng">Cha chaan teng</a>, a type of fast casual diner originating in Hong Kong that serves that region's interpretation of Western food, are also prevalent in Macau.<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">Pastel de nata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pork_chop_bun" title="Pork chop bun">pork chop buns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Almond_biscuit" title="Almond biscuit">almond biscuits</a> are popular street food items.<a href="#cite_note-LongMacauFood-182">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Macau" title="Sport in Macau">Sport in Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG/220px-2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG/220px-2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG/330px-2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG/440px-2008_Macau_F3_GP.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Formula_Three" title="Formula Three">Formula Three</a> racers in the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Macau_Grand_Prix" title="Macau Grand Prix">Macau Grand Prix</a></figcaption></figure> Despite its small area, Macau is home to a variety of sports and recreational facilities that have hosted a number of major international sporting events, including the <a href="/wiki/2005_East_Asian_Games" title="2005 East Asian Games">2005 East Asian Games</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lusophony_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Lusophony Games">2006 Lusophony Games</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2007_Asian_Indoor_Games" title="2007 Asian Indoor Games">2007 Asian Indoor Games</a>. The territory regularly hosts the <a href="/wiki/Macau_Grand_Prix" title="Macau Grand Prix">Macau Grand Prix</a>, one of the most significant annual motorsport competitions that uses city streets as the racetrack. It is the only <a href="/wiki/Street_circuit" title="Street circuit">street circuit</a> that hosts <a href="/wiki/Formula_Three" title="Formula Three">Formula Three</a>, <a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">touring car</a>, and motorcycle races in the same event. The <a href="/wiki/Guia_Circuit" title="Guia Circuit">Guia Circuit</a>, with narrow corner clearance and a winding path, is considered an extremely challenging course and a serious milestone for prospective <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> racers.<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> Macau represents itself separately from mainland China with its own sports teams in international competitions. The territory maintains its own <a href="/wiki/Sports_and_Olympic_Committee_of_Macau,_China" title="Sports and Olympic Committee of Macau, China">National Olympic Committee</a>, but does not compete in the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> rules specify that new NOCs can only be admitted if they represent sovereign states (Hong Kong has participated in the Olympics since before the regulation change in 1996).<a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> Macau has six <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a>, listed chronologically by year joined:<a href="#cite_note-IAM_Exchanges-186">[180]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal (1982)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Uwajima,_Ehime" title="Uwajima, Ehime">Uwajima, Ehime</a>, Japan (1987)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, Monaco (1992)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal (1997)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a>, Sweden (1997)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>, Portugal (1998)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil (2000)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a>, Cape Verde (2007)</li></ul> </div> Additionally, Macau has other cultural agreements with the following cities:<a href="#cite_note-IAM_Exchanges-186">[180]</a> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium (1991)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, United States (2001)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a>, Vietnam (2006)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Phuket_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket Province">Phuket</a>, Thailand (2018)<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_of_Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic_Capital_Cities">Union of Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic Capital Cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Union of Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic Capital Cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Macau is part of the Union of Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic Capital Cities<a href="#cite_note-188">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-IAM_Exchanges-186">[180]</a> from 28 June 1985, establishing brotherly relations with the following cities: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>, Guinea-Bissau</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a>, East Timor</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a>, Angola</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, Mozambique</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a> (Panjim), India</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a>, Cape Verde</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a>, São Tomé and Príncipe</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuiheng" title="Cuiheng">Cuiheng New Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Macau" title="Foreign relations of Macau">Foreign relations of Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Macau-related_articles" title="Index of Macau-related articles">Index of Macau-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Macau" title="Outline of Macau">Outline of Macau</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-chinese-varieties-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinese-varieties_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinese-varieties_3-1">b</a> No specific variety of Chinese is official in the territory. Residents predominantly speak <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, the de facto regional standard. </li> <li id="cite_note-language-status-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-language-status_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-language-status_4-1">b</a> For all government use, documents written using <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese characters</a> are authoritative over ones inscribed with <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese characters</a>. Portuguese shares equal status with Chinese in all official proceedings. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese people</a> are a distinct ethnic group of mixed Asian and European heritage (predominantly Cantonese and Portuguese).<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> Attempts by the Portuguese colonial government in the mid-1990s to change this definition in the Portuguese and English languages ultimately failed.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> The UN does not calculate the HDI of Macau. The government of Macau calculates its own HDI.<a href="#cite_note-HDI-14">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <div><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>English: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/məˈkaʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f7\/Macau_pronunciation.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Macau pronunciation.mp3"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Macau_pronunciation.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_pronunciation.mp3" title="File:Macau pronunciation.mp3">ⓘ</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Portuguese: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[mɐˈkaw]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 澳門, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Cantonese: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[ōu.mǔːn]</a></li><li>Officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區; <a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Cantonese Yale</a>: Oumún Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China).</li><li>Legally Macao, China in international treaties and organizations.</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Macau is the official spelling in the Portuguese language, while Macao is the official spelling in the English language. <a href="/wiki/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">Macau passports</a> use both spellings. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wfb-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wfb_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wfb_1-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau/">"Macau"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124190003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau/">Archived</a> 24 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-official-lang-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-official-lang_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-official-lang_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-official-lang_2-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBasic_Law">Basic Law</a> Chapter I Article 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnicity2016-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethnicity2016_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnicity2016_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPopulation_By-Census2016">Population By-Census 2016</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085352/http://macaudailytimes.com.mo/archive-2009-2014/the-lobby/macau-faq/39087-what-are-the-characteristics-of-macanese-people.html">"What are the characteristics of Macanese people?"</a>. Macau Daily Times. 10 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macaudailytimes.com.mo/archive-2009-2014/the-lobby/macau-faq/39087-what-are-the-characteristics-of-macanese-people.html">the original</a> on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macau+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=What+are+the+characteristics+of+Macanese+people%3F&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmacaudailytimes.com.mo%2Farchive-2009-2014%2Fthe-lobby%2Fmacau-faq%2F39087-what-are-the-characteristics-of-macanese-people.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2010" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Cathryn H. 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Constitute project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717104412/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/China_2004?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2015. 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Retrieved 8 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macau+in+Figures%2C+2024&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E6%9A%A8%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80%28DSEC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsec.gov.mo%2FgetAttachment%2Fab7d3848-5edc-4947-9d2a-8e8a97b8a7c8%2FC_MN_PUB_2024_Y.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/china-macao-sar-population/">"Macao Population (2024)"</a>. Worldometer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223161739/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/china-macao-sar-population/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2020. 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Visit Macao. 4 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301045622/https://www.visitmacao.com.au/macao-tourism-blog/faq/is-it-macau-or-macao/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2020. 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City University of HK Press. p. 316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9629372071" title="Special:BookSources/978-9629372071"><bdi>978-9629372071</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240907221027/https://books.google.com/books?id=FbDIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA316#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Macao+Transformed%3A+Challenge+and+Development+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=City+University+of+HK+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9629372071&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Eilo+W.Y.&rft.au=Chan%2C+Ming+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFbDIBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mdt2016-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mdt2016_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdt2016_179-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdt2016_179-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macaudailytimes.com.mo/new-macau-alerts-un-construction-project-near-lighthouse.html">"New Macau Alerts UN to Construction Project near Lighthouse"</a>. Macau Daily Times. 8 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005837/https://macaudailytimes.com.mo/new-macau-alerts-un-construction-project-near-lighthouse.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macau+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=New+Macau+Alerts+UN+to+Construction+Project+near+Lighthouse&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacaudailytimes.com.mo%2Fnew-macau-alerts-un-construction-project-near-lighthouse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Meneses, J. (2016). The Victory of Heritage. Macau Business, July 2016, pp. 72–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2015">Long 2015</a>, p. 389. </li> <li id="cite_note-LongMacauFood-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LongMacauFood_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMacauFood_182-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2015">Long 2015</a>, p. 390. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLong2015">Long 2015</a>, p. 391. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShadbolt2013" class="citation web cs1">Shadbolt, Peter (7 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.cnn.com/macau-grand-prix-737446/">"Macau Grand Prix: The final exam for racers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131107172825/http://travel.cnn.com/macau-grand-prix-737446/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macau+Grand+Prix%3A+The+final+exam+for+racers&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft.aulast=Shadbolt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.cnn.com%2Fmacau-grand-prix-737446%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallonHeijmans2011">Mallon & Heijmans 2011</a>, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-IAM_Exchanges-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAM_Exchanges_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAM_Exchanges_186-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAM_Exchanges_186-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iam.gov.mo/files/exchange_e.pdf">"Exchanges Between IACM and Other Cities"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Civic_and_Municipal_Affairs_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau">Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124611/https://www.iam.gov.mo/files/exchange_e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exchanges+Between+IACM+and+Other+Cities&rft.pub=Civic+and+Municipal+Affairs+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iam.gov.mo%2Ffiles%2Fexchange_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_Information_Bureau2018" class="citation web cs1">Government Information Bureau (9 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mo/en/news/95781/">"Macao, Thailand's Phuket Sign Twinning Arrangement"</a>. Macao SAR Government Portal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212022600/https://www.gov.mo/en/news/95781/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macao+SAR+Government+Portal&rft.atitle=Macao%2C+Thailand%27s+Phuket+Sign+Twinning+Arrangement&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft.au=Government+Information+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mo%2Fen%2Fnews%2F95781%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uccla.pt/">"UCCLA"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113014425/http://www.uccla.pt/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCCLA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uccla.pt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Government_reports">Government reports</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Government reports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopulation_By-Census2016" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/e20c6bab-ada4-4f83-9349-e72605674a42/E_ICEN_PUB_2016_Y.aspx">2016 Population By-Census Detailed Results</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Statistics_and_Census_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics and Census Service">Statistics and Census Service</a>. May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142710/https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/e20c6bab-ada4-4f83-9349-e72605674a42/E_ICEN_PUB_2016_Y.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. 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Retrieved 9 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Macao+in+Figures%2C+2021&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Statistics+and+Census+Service+%28Macau%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsec.gov.mo%2F%2FgetAttachment%2Fb975a2eb-f733-43f7-b519-4d4dc6f74e2a%2FE_MN_PUB_2021_Y.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacao_Industrial_Structure2017" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/e901961f-cc6e-49fe-b153-69517eda334a/E_PIBP_FR_2017_Y.aspx">Macao Industrial Structure</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Statistics_and_Census_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics and Census Service">Statistics and Census Service</a>. November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064213/https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/e901961f-cc6e-49fe-b153-69517eda334a/E_PIBP_FR_2017_Y.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Macao+Industrial+Structure&rft.pub=Statistics+and+Census+Service&rft.date=2018-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsec.gov.mo%2FgetAttachment%2Fe901961f-cc6e-49fe-b153-69517eda334a%2FE_PIBP_FR_2017_Y.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacau_USDA_Report2018" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Macau%20Food%20and%20Agricultural%20Import%20Regulations%20and%20Standards%20Report_Hong%20Kong_Hong%20Kong_7-6-2018.pdf">Macau Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards Report</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>. 6 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411211400/https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Macau%20Food%20and%20Agricultural%20Import%20Regulations%20and%20Standards%20Report_Hong%20Kong_Hong%20Kong_7-6-2018.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Macau+Food+and+Agricultural+Import+Regulations+and+Standards+Report&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.date=2018-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgain.fas.usda.gov%2FRecent%2520GAIN%2520Publications%2FMacau%2520Food%2520and%2520Agricultural%2520Import%2520Regulations%2520and%2520Standards%2520Report_Hong%2520Kong_Hong%2520Kong_7-6-2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonetary_Authority_Annual_Report2017" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amcm.gov.mo/files/research_and_stats/annual_reports/2017/en/ii.2.2.pdf">"Public finance"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amcm.gov.mo/en/research-statistics/annual-reports/year-2017">Annual Report 2017</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Macao" title="Monetary Authority of Macao">Monetary Authority of Macao</a>. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142716/https://www.amcm.gov.mo/en/research-statistics/annual-reports/year-2017">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2017&rft.pub=Monetary+Authority+of+Macao&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amcm.gov.mo%2Ffiles%2Fresearch_and_stats%2Fannual_reports%2F2017%2Fen%2Fii.2.2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegislative_Assembly_Election_Results2017" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2017/39/out-1-39-1-2017.pdf">Resultado da Eleição dos Deputados à Assembleia Legislativa da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau por Sufrágio Directo e Indirecto</a> [Result of the Election of Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region by Direct and Indirect Suffrage] (PDF) (Report) (in Portuguese). Electoral Affairs Commission. 26 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180402/https://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2017/39/out-1-39-1-2017.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Resultado+da+Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o+dos+Deputados+%C3%A0+Assembleia+Legislativa+da+Regi%C3%A3o+Administrativa+Especial+de+Macau+por+Sufr%C3%A1gio+Directo+e+Indirecto&rft.pub=Electoral+Affairs+Commission&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.io.gov.mo%2Fbo%2Fi%2F2017%2F39%2Fout-1-39-1-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTourism_Statistics2017" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/1bb88665-4d4a-45bb-be90-c2f450bbe762/E_TUR_PUB_2017_Y.aspx">Tourism Statistics</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Statistics_and_Census_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics and Census Service">Statistics and Census Service</a>. April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064217/https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/1bb88665-4d4a-45bb-be90-c2f450bbe762/E_TUR_PUB_2017_Y.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Tourism+Statistics&rft.pub=Statistics+and+Census+Service&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsec.gov.mo%2FgetAttachment%2F1bb88665-4d4a-45bb-be90-c2f450bbe762%2FE_TUR_PUB_2017_Y.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academic_publications">Academic publications</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Academic publications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastellucci2012" class="citation journal cs1">Castellucci, Ignazio (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1013028ar">"Legal Hybridity in Hong Kong and Macau"</a>. Journal of Contemporary China. 57 (4): 665–720. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1013028ar">10.7202/1013028ar</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-9041">0024-9041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+China&rft.atitle=Legal+Hybridity+in+Hong+Kong+and+Macau&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E665-%3C%2Fspan%3E720&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F1013028ar&rft.issn=0024-9041&rft.aulast=Castellucci&rft.aufirst=Ignazio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F1013028ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2003" class="citation journal cs1">Chan, Ming K. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2cf9/860dfb7365dd9b5349b3e3bcafdb4a50ea75.pdf">"Different Roads to Home: The Retrocession of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese Sovereignty"</a> (PDF). Journal of Contemporary China. 12 (36): 493–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10670560305473">10.1080/10670560305473</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:925886">925886</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150332/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2cf9/860dfb7365dd9b5349b3e3bcafdb4a50ea75.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+China&rft.atitle=Different+Roads+to+Home%3A+The+Retrocession+of+Hong+Kong+and+Macau+to+Chinese+Sovereignty&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E493-%3C%2Fspan%3E518&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10670560305473&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A925886%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Ming+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F2cf9%2F860dfb7365dd9b5349b3e3bcafdb4a50ea75.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanLeongLukYeung2010" class="citation journal cs1">Chan, Moon Fai; Leong, Sok Man; Luk, Andrew Leung; Yeung, Siu Ming; Van, Iat Kio (February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02902.x">"Exploring the profiles of nurses' job satisfaction in Macau: results of a cluster analysis"</a>. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 19 (3–4): 470–478. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2702.2009.02902.x">10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02902.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0962-1067">0962-1067</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19886871">19886871</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240907221109/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02902.x">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Nursing&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+profiles+of+nurses%27+job+satisfaction+in+Macau%3A+results+of+a+cluster+analysis&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E470-%3C%2Fspan%3E478&rft.date=2010-02&rft.issn=0962-1067&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19886871&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2702.2009.02902.x&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Moon+Fai&rft.au=Leong%2C+Sok+Man&rft.au=Luk%2C+Andrew+Leung&rft.au=Yeung%2C+Siu+Ming&rft.au=Van%2C+Iat+Kio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2702.2009.02902.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Sousa2009" class="citation thesis cs1">de Sousa, Trigo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/886038/68067_11.pdf">"Macau in the Colonial Period (1557–1949)"</a> (PDF). Regional Integration and Differentiation in a Globalizing China: The Blending of Government and Business in Post-Colonial Macau (PhD thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174406/https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/886038/68067_11.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Regional+Integration+and+Differentiation+in+a+Globalizing+China%3A+The+Blending+of+Government+and+Business+in+Post-Colonial+Macau&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Amsterdam&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=de+Sousa&rft.aufirst=Trigo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.uva.nl%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F886038%2F68067_11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdu_Cros2009" class="citation journal cs1">du Cros, Hilary (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F186810260903800105">"Emerging Issues for Cultural Tourism in Macau"</a>. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs. 38 (1): 73–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F186810260903800105">10.1177/186810260903800105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Current+Chinese+Affairs&rft.atitle=Emerging+Issues+for+Cultural+Tourism+in+Macau&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E99&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F186810260903800105&rft.aulast=du+Cros&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F186810260903800105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodinho2014" class="citation journal cs1">Godinho, Jorge (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=glj">"Casino Gaming in Macau: Evolution, Regulation and Challenges"</a>. UNLV Gaming Law Journal. 5 (1): 1–26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331013445/http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=glj">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNLV+Gaming+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Casino+Gaming+in+Macau%3A+Evolution%2C+Regulation+and+Challenges&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Godinho&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholars.law.unlv.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1069%26context%3Dglj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrydehøj2015" class="citation journal cs1">Grydehøj, Adam (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.20958%2Fuis.2015.6">"Making Ground, Losing Space: Land Reclamation and Urban Public Space in Island Cities"</a>. Urban Island Studies. 1: 96–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.20958%2Fuis.2015.6">10.20958/uis.2015.6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Island+Studies&rft.atitle=Making+Ground%2C+Losing+Space%3A+Land+Reclamation+and+Urban+Public+Space+in+Island+Cities&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E96-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.20958%2Fuis.2015.6&rft.aulast=Grydeh%C3%B8j&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.20958%252Fuis.2015.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHookNeves2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hook, Brian; Neves, Miguel Santos (2002). "The Role of Hong Kong and Macau in China's Relations with Europe". The China Quarterly. 169 (1): 108–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009443902000086">10.1017/S0009443902000086</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4618708">4618708</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154934120">154934120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+China+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Hong+Kong+and+Macau+in+China%27s+Relations+with+Europe&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E108-%3C%2Fspan%3E135&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154934120%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4618708%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009443902000086&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Neves%2C+Miguel+Santos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuangHoDu2011" class="citation journal cs1">Huang, Jinliang; Ho, Manhim; Du, Pengfei (2011). 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Government and Opposition. 47 (1): 97–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1477-7053.2011.01356.x">10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01356.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26350258">26350258</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145507276">145507276</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+and+Opposition&rft.atitle=The+Political+Opposition+and+Democracy+in+Macao%3A+Revolutionaries+or+Loyalists%3F&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145507276%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26350258%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1477-7053.2011.01356.x&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Elio+Wing-yat&rft.au=Chin%2C+Natalie+Ka-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislation">Legislation</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Legislation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBasic_Law"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cecc.gov/resources/legal-provisions/the-basic-law-of-the-macao-macau-special-administrative-region-of-the-prc">Basic Law</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFConstitution_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianlii.org/mo/legis/laws/cotproc424/">Constitution of the People's Republic of China</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFLaw_No._9/2018,_Creation_of_the_Institute_for_Municipal_Affairs"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2018/31/lei-9-2018.pdf">Criação do Instituto para os Assuntos Municipais</a> [Creation of the Institute for Municipal Affairs] (PDF) (9) (in Portuguese). 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209232055/https://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2018/31/lei-9-2018.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o+do+Instituto+para+os+Assuntos+Municipais&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.io.gov.mo%2Fbo%2Fi%2F2018%2F31%2Flei-9-2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209232055/https://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/2018/31/lei-9-2018.pdf">Archived</a> 9 February 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFLaw_No._8/1999,_Law_about_Permanent_Resident_and_Right_of_Abode_in_the_Macao_Special_Administrative_Region"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/1999/01/lei-8-1999.pdf">Lei sobre Residente Permanente e Direito de Residência na Região Administrativa Especial de Macau</a> [Law about Permanent Resident and Right of Abode in the Macao Special Administrative Region] (PDF) (8) (in Portuguese). 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411211418/https://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/1999/01/lei-8-1999.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lei+sobre+Residente+Permanente+e+Direito+de+Resid%C3%AAncia+na+Regi%C3%A3o+Administrativa+Especial+de+Macau&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.io.gov.mo%2Fbo%2Fi%2F1999%2F01%2Flei-8-1999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411211418/https://images.io.gov.mo/bo/i/1999/01/lei-8-1999.pdf">Archived</a> 11 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Print">Print</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Print" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett2010" class="citation book cs1">Garrett, Richard J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=24Wxr5vL1YcC">The Defences of Macau: Forts, Ships and Weapons over 450 years</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press" title="Hong Kong University Press">Hong Kong University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-988-8028-49-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-988-8028-49-8"><bdi>978-988-8028-49-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142833/https://books.google.com/books?id=24Wxr5vL1YcC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Defences+of+Macau%3A+Forts%2C+Ships+and+Weapons+over+450+years&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-988-8028-49-8&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D24Wxr5vL1YcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHao2011" class="citation book cs1">Hao, Zhidong (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LP9q1dzVRYQC">Macau History and Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press" title="Hong Kong University Press">Hong Kong University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-988-8028-54-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-988-8028-54-2"><bdi>978-988-8028-54-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142836/https://books.google.com/books?id=LP9q1dzVRYQC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macau+History+and+Society&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-988-8028-54-2&rft.aulast=Hao&rft.aufirst=Zhidong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLP9q1dzVRYQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2015" class="citation book cs1">Long, Lucy M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ">Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-2730-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-2730-9"><bdi>978-1-4422-2730-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142837/https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+American+Food+Today%3A+A+Cultural+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-2730-9&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Lucy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDBzYCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLourido2000" class="citation book cs1">Lourido, Rui D'Avila (2000). "The Impact of the Silk Trade: Macau – Manila, from the Beginning to 1640". In Elisseeff, Vadime (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVVoRKSZxagC">The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce</a>. <a href="/wiki/Berghahn_Books" title="Berghahn Books">Berghahn Books</a>. pp. 209–247. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-222-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57181-222-3"><bdi>978-1-57181-222-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142838/https://books.google.com/books?id=nVVoRKSZxagC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+the+Silk+Trade%3A+Macau+%E2%80%93+Manila%2C+from+the+Beginning+to+1640&rft.btitle=The+Silk+Roads%3A+Highways+of+Culture+and+Commerce&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E209-%3C%2Fspan%3E247&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57181-222-3&rft.aulast=Lourido&rft.aufirst=Rui+D%27Avila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnVVoRKSZxagC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacao_Yearbook_2018" class="citation book cs1">Macao Yearbook Editorial Team (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yearbook.gcs.gov.mo/uploads/yearbook_pdf/2018/myb2018e.pdf">Macao Yearbook</a> (PDF). Government Information Bureau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-999-3756-44-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-999-3756-44-6"><bdi>978-999-3756-44-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181341/http://yearbook.gcs.gov.mo/uploads/yearbook_pdf/2018/myb2018e.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macao+Yearbook&rft.pub=Government+Information+Bureau&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-999-3756-44-6&rft.au=Macao+Yearbook+Editorial+Team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyearbook.gcs.gov.mo%2Fuploads%2Fyearbook_pdf%2F2018%2Fmyb2018e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallonHeijmans2011" class="citation book cs1">Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mM0XzW03AcC">Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7249-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7249-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-7249-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142928/https://books.google.com/books?id=9mM0XzW03AcC">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Olympic+Movement&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7249-3&rft.aulast=Mallon&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Heijmans%2C+Jeroen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mM0XzW03AcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcManus2004" class="citation book cs1">McManus, Chris (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20oza63ZuG4C">Right Hand, Left Hand: The Origins of Asymmetry in Brains, Bodies, Atoms and Cultures</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-067-4016-13-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-067-4016-13-2"><bdi>978-067-4016-13-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142927/https://books.google.com/books?id=20oza63ZuG4C">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right+Hand%2C+Left+Hand%3A+The+Origins+of+Asymmetry+in+Brains%2C+Bodies%2C+Atoms+and+Cultures&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-067-4016-13-2&rft.aulast=McManus&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D20oza63ZuG4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendes2013" class="citation book cs1">Mendes, Carmen Amado (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kebmyB-5-IYC">Portugal, China and the Macau Negotiations, 1986–1999</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press" title="Hong Kong University Press">Hong Kong University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-988-8139-00-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-988-8139-00-2"><bdi>978-988-8139-00-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223023934/https://books.google.com/books?id=kebmyB-5-IYC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portugal%2C+China+and+the+Macau+Negotiations%2C+1986%E2%80%931999&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-988-8139-00-2&rft.aulast=Mendes&rft.aufirst=Carmen+Amado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkebmyB-5-IYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2014" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James B. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oZCOAwAAQBAJ">Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-017-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-017-1"><bdi>978-1-61069-017-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607133434/https://books.google.com/books?id=oZCOAwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+North%2C+East%2C+and+Central+Asia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-017-1&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZCOAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSitCremerWong1991" class="citation book cs1">Sit, V.F.S.; Cremer, R.; Wong, S.L. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySvxAQAAQBAJ">Entrepreneurs and Enterprises in Macau: A Study of Industrial Development</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press" title="Hong Kong University Press">Hong Kong University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-209-206-3" title="Special:BookSources/962-209-206-3"><bdi>962-209-206-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223023934/https://books.google.com/books?id=ySvxAQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entrepreneurs+and+Enterprises+in+Macau%3A+A+Study+of+Industrial+Development&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=962-209-206-3&rft.aulast=Sit&rft.aufirst=V.F.S.&rft.au=Cremer%2C+R.&rft.au=Wong%2C+S.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DySvxAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2018" class="citation book cs1">Wang, Zhenmin (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f3dvDwAAQBAJ">Relationship Between the Chinese Central Authorities and Regional Governments of Hong Kong and Macao: A Legal Perspective</a>. China Academic Library. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-13-2322-5">10.1007/978-981-13-2322-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-13-2320-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-13-2320-1"><bdi>978-981-13-2320-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198105937">198105937</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142930/https://books.google.com/books?id=f3dvDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relationship+Between+the+Chinese+Central+Authorities+and+Regional+Governments+of+Hong+Kong+and+Macao%3A+A+Legal+Perspective&rft.series=China+Academic+Library&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198105937%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-2322-5&rft.isbn=978-981-13-2320-1&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhenmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df3dvDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills1998" class="citation book cs1">Wills, John E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC">"Relations with Maritime Europe, 1514–1662"</a>. In Twitchett, Denis; Mote, Frederick W. (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 333–375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCHOL9780521243339.009">10.1017/CHOL9780521243339.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9"><bdi>978-0-521-24333-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502110612/https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Relations+with+Maritime+Europe%2C+1514%E2%80%931662&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+8%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368%E2%80%931644&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E333-%3C%2Fspan%3E375&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521243339.009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24333-9&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtVhvh6ibLJcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuJin2014" class="citation book cs1">Wu, Zhiliang; Jin, Guoping (2014). "The Evolution of Spellings of 'Macau': An Examination of Early Portuguese and Western Archival Materials.". In Wong, Katrine K.; Wei, C.X. George (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5SJrAQAAQBAJ">Macao – Cultural Interaction and Literary Representations</a>. Routledge. pp. 147–168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-62586-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-62586-9"><bdi>978-0-415-62586-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142931/https://books.google.com/books?id=5SJrAQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+Spellings+of+%27Macau%27%3A+An+Examination+of+Early+Portuguese+and+Western+Archival+Materials.&rft.btitle=Macao+%E2%80%93+Cultural+Interaction+and+Literary+Representations&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E168&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-415-62586-9&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Zhiliang&rft.au=Jin%2C+Guoping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5SJrAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhihong2006" class="citation book cs1">Zhihong, Shi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mLBgaa8d4aMC">"China's Overseas Trade Policy and Its Historical Results: 1522–1840"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Heita_Kawakatsu" title="Heita Kawakatsu">Latham, A.J.H.</a>; Kawakatsu, Heita (eds.). Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 4–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-37207-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-37207-7"><bdi>978-0-415-37207-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522050315/https://books.google.com/books?id=mLBgaa8d4aMC">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China%27s+Overseas+Trade+Policy+and+Its+Historical+Results%3A+1522%E2%80%931840&rft.btitle=Intra-Asian+Trade+and+the+World+Market&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-37207-7&rft.aulast=Zhihong&rft.aufirst=Shi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmLBgaa8d4aMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="News_articles">News articles</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: News articles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeitler2019" class="citation news cs1">Beitler, Daniel (4 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macaudailytimes.com.mo/macau-the-state-of-land-reclamation.html">"The State of Land Reclamation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macau_Daily_Times" title="Macau Daily Times">Macau Daily Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215155958/https://macaudailytimes.com.mo/macau-the-state-of-land-reclamation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macau+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Land+Reclamation&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.aulast=Beitler&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacaudailytimes.com.mo%2Fmacau-the-state-of-land-reclamation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsLazarus2018" class="citation news cs1">Griffiths, James; Lazarus, Sarah (22 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/21/world/hong-kong-zhuhai-macau-bridge-intl/index.html">"World's Longest Sea-Crossing Bridge Opens Between Hong Kong and China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190216094145/https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/21/world/hong-kong-zhuhai-macau-bridge-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=World%27s+Longest+Sea-Crossing+Bridge+Opens+Between+Hong+Kong+and+China&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Lazarus%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F10%2F21%2Fworld%2Fhong-kong-zhuhai-macau-bridge-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo2018" class="citation news cs1">Ho, Maggie (31 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1415522-20180831.htm">"Beijing Considers Letting Hk Residents Join PLA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173722/https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1415522-20180831.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing+Considers+Letting+Hk+Residents+Join+PLA&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.rthk.hk%2Frthk%2Fen%2Fcomponent%2Fk2%2F1415522-20180831.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandler1999" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark (20 December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/20/world/portugal-lowers-its-flag-handing-macao-to-china.html">"Portugal Lowers Its Flag, Handing Macao to China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407183221/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/20/world/portugal-lowers-its-flag-handing-macao-to-china.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Portugal+Lowers+Its+Flag%2C+Handing+Macao+to+China&rft.date=1999-12-20&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F20%2Fworld%2Fportugal-lowers-its-flag-handing-macao-to-china.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMokNg2015" class="citation news cs1">Mok, Danny; Ng, Teddy (17 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1892248/green-light-given-extend-macau-administrative-area">"Macau to Extend Land and Sea Administrative Area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417160322/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1892248/green-light-given-extend-macau-administrative-area">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Macau+to+Extend+Land+and+Sea+Administrative+Area&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft.aulast=Mok&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.au=Ng%2C+Teddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Farticle%2F1892248%2Fgreen-light-given-extend-macau-administrative-area&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYiu2010" class="citation news cs1">Yiu, Enoch (20 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/article/725260/macaus-buildings-safe-culture-collapsing">"Macau's Buildings Safe, but Culture Collapsing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226111400/https://www.scmp.com/article/725260/macaus-buildings-safe-culture-collapsing">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Macau%27s+Buildings+Safe%2C+but+Culture+Collapsing&rft.date=2010-09-20&rft.aulast=Yiu&rft.aufirst=Enoch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Farticle%2F725260%2Fmacaus-buildings-safe-culture-collapsing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacau" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Macau at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Macau" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Macau">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" class="extiw" title="c:澳門">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Macau" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Macau">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Macau" class="extiw" title="q:Macau">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Macau" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Macau">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pinyin/Macau" class="extiw" title="b:Pinyin/Macau">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Macau" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Macau">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Macau" class="extiw" title="voy:Macau">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau/">Macau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124190003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau/">Archived</a> 24 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16599919">Macau</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li></ul> Government <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mo/en/">Gov.MO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214172241/https://www.gov.mo/en/">Archived</a> 14 February 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Macau SAR Government Portal.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macaotourism.gov.mo/en/">Macao Government Tourism Office</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231006121823/https://www.macaotourism.gov.mo/en">Archived</a> 6 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gov.mo/home/en">Macau SAR News</a></li></ul> Trade <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/MAC/Year/2016/Summary">World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Macao</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123734/https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/MAC/Year/2016/Summary">Archived</a> 9 February 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> Maps <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Macau" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Macau">Wikimedia Atlas of Macau</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1867188">Macau</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macau&oldid=1277560545">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macau&oldid=1277560545</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Macau&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 25 February 2025, at 10:56 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak%C3%A8%C3%AB" title="Makèë – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Makèë" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8D" title="ማካው – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማካው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="मकाउ – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मकाउ" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ماكاو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماكاو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="মাকাও – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাকাও" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%C3%A1u" title="Macáu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Macáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="ماکائو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماکائو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="মাকাও – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাকাও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92-mn%CC%82g" title="Ò-mn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ò-mn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Макаа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Макаа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makawo" title="Makawo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Makawo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%AB" title="މަކާއޫ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަކާއޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="मकाउ – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मकाउ" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC" title="མ་ཀའོ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="མ་ཀའོ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μακάου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μακάου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="ماکائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماکائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="澳門" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%89" title="મકાઉ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મકાઉ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au-m%C3%B9n" title="Au-mùn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Au-mùn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4" title="마카오 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마카오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B8" title="Մակաո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մակաո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="मकाउ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मकाउ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89" title="মাকাউ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মাকাউ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka%C3%B3" title="Makaó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Makaó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95" title="מקאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka%CA%8A" title="Makaʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Makaʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81" title="ಮಕಾವು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಕಾವು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="მაკაო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაკაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makawo" title="Makawo – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Makawo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makawo" title="Makawo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Makawo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2" title="ມາເກົາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມາເກົາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaum" title="Macaum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Macaum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka%C3%B3" title="Makaó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Makaó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="मकाउ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मकाउ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%97" title="മകൗ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മകൗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93" title="मकाओ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मकाओ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="მაკაო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაკაო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ماكاو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماكاو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="ماکائو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماکائو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E" title="ꯃꯀꯥꯎ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯀꯥꯎ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93%CC%A4-mu%C3%B2ng" title="Ó̤-muòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ó̤-muòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="မကာအို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မကာအို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="मकाउ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मकाउ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AB%E3%82%AA" title="マカオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マカオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%93" title="ମାକାଓ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାକାଓ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89" title="ਮਕਾਉ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਕਾਉ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="مکاؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکاؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88" title="مکاو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مکاو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makow" title="Makow – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Makow" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C" title="ម៉ាកាវ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ាកាវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaw" title="Makaw – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Makaw" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3" title="ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D" title="මකාවෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මකාවෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="ميڪائو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميڪائو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makav" title="Makav – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Makav" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaw" title="Makaw – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Makaw" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ماکاو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماکاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macao" title="Macao – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Macao" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="மக்காவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்காவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မႃႇၵၢဝ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မႃႇၵၢဝ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="మకావు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మకావు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="มาเก๊า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาเก๊า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8D" title="ማካው – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ማካው" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%A3" title="ᎹᎧᎣ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎹᎧᎣ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%CC%B1ka%CC%B1u" title="Ma̱ka̱u – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ma̱ka̱u" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%98" title="ᨆᨀᨕᨘ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨆᨀᨕᨘ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Макао – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Макао" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="مکاؤ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکاؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86" title="ئاۋمېن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاۋمېن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aumwnz" title="Aumwnz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Aumwnz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Cao" title="Ma Cao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ma Cao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaov%C3%A4n" title="Makaovän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Makaovän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="澳門" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau" title="Macau – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Macau" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaaw" title="Makaaw – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Makaaw" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8" title="澳门 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="澳门" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%90" title="מאקאא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאקאא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0k%C3%A1%C3%B9" title="Màkáù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Màkáù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="澳門" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="澳門" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makao" title="Makao – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Makao" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makau" title="Makau – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Makau" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> 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class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-rqn9j","wgBackendResponseTime":480,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.581","walltime":"3.254","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29956,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":772021,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":88657,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":42,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":518991,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2601.875 1 -total"," 17.72% 460.923 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.21% 447.855 3 Template:Infobox"," 16.01% 416.643 1 Template:Infobox_dependency"," 7.39% 192.403 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.17% 160.631 44 Template:Cite_web"," 6.17% 160.495 23 Template:Main_other"," 5.42% 141.084 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese"," 5.01% 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