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class="summarized">Initiated as a peasants’ revolt against the ruling Congress Government in the Indian state of West Bengal, the Naxalite Movement took a gigantic shape with political CPI (Maoist) activists constituting tribal folks belonging to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49212040" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Initiated as a peasants’ revolt against the ruling Congress Government in the Indian state of West Bengal, the Naxalite Movement took a gigantic shape with political CPI (Maoist) activists constituting tribal folks belonging to the volatile areas, young college students from Calcutta, and intellectuals from various parts of the country. A lot of media reports and academic scholarships have covered the events and consequences of the rebellion. However, women’s role(s) in the movement has been compromised from major discussions. This essay, instead, is a feminist exploration of the Naxalite Movement. It deals with the status and fate of women, directly or indirectly, actively or passively, voluntarily or involuntarily involved in the movement. Finally, it critiques the lack of feminist scholarship for the Naxalite movement and the absence of effective measures taken by the Indian government to support the female survivors of this movement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49212040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7193c049529d62047fc987a7550d3f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67598315,"asset_id":49212040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67598315/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5240050" href="https://iitg.academia.edu/ShreyaDas">Shreya Das</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5240050" type="text/json">{"id":5240050,"first_name":"Shreya","last_name":"Das","domain_name":"iitg","page_name":"ShreyaDas","display_name":"Shreya Das","profile_url":"https://iitg.academia.edu/ShreyaDas?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5240050/2306258/23431028/s65_shreya.das.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49212040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49212040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49212040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49212040", }); 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A lot of media reports and academic scholarships have covered the events and consequences of the rebellion. However, women’s role(s) in the movement has been compromised from major discussions. This essay, instead, is a feminist exploration of the Naxalite Movement. It deals with the status and fate of women, directly or indirectly, actively or passively, voluntarily or involuntarily involved in the movement. 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So much so, that it has become a hub of classical music in the world. I chronicle some of the political and social changes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33376079" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The attitude in how Western classical music is perceived  has drastically changed since Mao was in power in China. So much so, that it has become a hub of classical music in the world. I chronicle some of the political and social changes that led to this about-face.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33376079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="732a847f78aa2e2839bacc2ca9422fd7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53432378,"asset_id":33376079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53432378/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56638318" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnOKeefe6">John O'Keefe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56638318" type="text/json">{"id":56638318,"first_name":"John","last_name":"O'Keefe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnOKeefe6","display_name":"John O'Keefe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnOKeefe6?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56638318/16993860/17189649/s65_john.o_keefe.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33376079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33376079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33376079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33376079", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/3242219/A_New_Way_of_Being_Young_in_Nepal_the_Idea_of_Maoist_Youth_and_Birth_of_a_New_Man">A New Way of Being Young in Nepal: the Idea of Maoist Youth and Birth of a New Man</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3242219" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ac253620987579609524e504ee06e93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31100443,"asset_id":3242219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal">Maoist Movement in Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47007" type="text/json">{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124943" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Soldiers">Child Soldiers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124943" type="text/json">{"id":124943,"name":"Child Soldiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Soldiers?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3242219]'), work: {"id":3242219,"title":"A New Way of Being Young in Nepal: the Idea of Maoist Youth and Birth of a New 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Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":124943,"name":"Child Soldiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Soldiers?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32887583" data-work_id="32887583" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32887583/Term_Paper_Traumatic_representation_of_Maoist_insurgency_in_Narayan_Wagles_Palpasa_Caf%C3%A9">Term Paper - Traumatic representation of Maoist insurgency in Narayan Wagle's Palpasa Café</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research paper aims to explore the traumatic representation of Maoist insurgency in Wagle's Palpasa Café from the prospective of cultural trauma. Novel appears to be some what historical account of Nepal presenting the story of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32887583" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research paper aims to explore the traumatic representation of Maoist insurgency in Wagle's Palpasa Café from the prospective of cultural trauma. Novel appears to be some what historical account of Nepal presenting the story of Maoist revel through the view of the writer. Writer Narayan Wagle, being a renounced journalist also makes some impact in the story because of his work, which happened to be good and bad at the same time to present the real picture of country. But was not free from critics. However, we can clearly see this beautiful love stroy Palpasa Café carrying the heartbreaking history of our past. Wagle, presents the traumatic melodrama of war between state force and Maoist. As the novel is written in the backdrop of the ten years civil war, it clearly deals with the cultural trauma emerged in different people of different social categories in the Nepalese society. Cultural trauma, as Jeffrey Alexander argues, is the suffering of a collectivity or any social group which promotes the sense of "weness" and takes one's suffering as the suffering of the whole group or community in which they belong to.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32887583" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97cf009a32ed159b901f08509722bfa7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53028835,"asset_id":32887583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53028835/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44450703" href="https://cdetu.academia.edu/SuvasAgam">Suvas Agam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44450703" type="text/json">{"id":44450703,"first_name":"Suvas","last_name":"Agam","domain_name":"cdetu","page_name":"SuvasAgam","display_name":"Suvas Agam","profile_url":"https://cdetu.academia.edu/SuvasAgam?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44450703/11829542/21147291/s65_suvas.agam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32887583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32887583"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32887583, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32887583", }); 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Novel appears to be some what historical account of Nepal presenting the story of Maoist revel through the view of the writer. Writer Narayan Wagle, being a renounced journalist also makes some impact in the story because of his work, which happened to be good and bad at the same time to present the real picture of country. But was not free from critics. However, we can clearly see this beautiful love stroy Palpasa Café carrying the heartbreaking history of our past. Wagle, presents the traumatic melodrama of war between state force and Maoist. As the novel is written in the backdrop of the ten years civil war, it clearly deals with the cultural trauma emerged in different people of different social categories in the Nepalese society. Cultural trauma, as Jeffrey Alexander argues, is the suffering of a collectivity or any social group which promotes the sense of \"weness\" and takes one's suffering as the suffering of the whole group or community in which they belong to. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53028835,"asset_id":32887583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44450703,"first_name":"Suvas","last_name":"Agam","domain_name":"cdetu","page_name":"SuvasAgam","display_name":"Suvas Agam","profile_url":"https://cdetu.academia.edu/SuvasAgam?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44450703/11829542/21147291/s65_suvas.agam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":945,"name":"Performing Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":6106,"name":"Trauma Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":28981,"name":"Ethnic Conflict and Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Conflict_and_Civil_War?f_ri=179746"},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":117666,"name":"Maoist movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_movement?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":756395,"name":"Naxal /Maoist Challenge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxal_Maoist_Challenge?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1502803" data-work_id="1502803" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology">Social and Cultural Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3499" type="text/json">{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1502803]'), work: {"id":1502803,"title":"Remembering Revolution: Gender, Violence, and Subjectivity in India's Naxalbari 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India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement_in_India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30979186" data-work_id="30979186" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30979186/The_origins_influence_suppression_and_resilience_of_the_Maoist_Naxalite_movement_in_India_1967_present">The origins, influence, suppression and resilience of the Maoist/Naxalite movement in India: 1967– present</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Naxalite movement, inspired by Mao Tse-tung thought, erupted in India in May 1967 in the form of peasant occupation of landlords' land in the Naxalbari bloc of the West Bengal state. Within months, the influence of the movement spread... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30979186" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Naxalite movement, inspired by Mao Tse-tung thought, erupted in India in May 1967 in the form of peasant occupation of landlords' land in the Naxalbari bloc of the West Bengal state. Within months, the influence of the movement spread to rural areas of many other states in India. This culminated in another split in India's communist movement with the launch of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) in April 1969. The movement caught the imagination of idealistic youth and students in many urban areas. The Indian state managed to crush the movement militarily by the mid 1970s. However, it soon resurfaced and developed such a strong base among the tribal communities in India that in 2006, the Indian prime minister characterised it as India's single biggest internal security threat. It stands in limbo at the moment – it does not have the capability to overthrow the Indian state but has a sufficient military and social base to resist the state's attempts to crush it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30979186" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="57397fec947d9444bcf361907377b44a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51412821,"asset_id":30979186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51412821/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3210046" href="https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/PritamSingh">Pritam Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3210046" type="text/json">{"id":3210046,"first_name":"Pritam","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"PritamSingh","display_name":"Pritam Singh","profile_url":"https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/PritamSingh?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3210046/1055828/18380849/s65_pritam.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30979186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30979186"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30979186, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30979186", }); 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Within months, the influence of the movement spread to rural areas of many other states in India. This culminated in another split in India's communist movement with the launch of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) in April 1969. The movement caught the imagination of idealistic youth and students in many urban areas. The Indian state managed to crush the movement militarily by the mid 1970s. However, it soon resurfaced and developed such a strong base among the tribal communities in India that in 2006, the Indian prime minister characterised it as India's single biggest internal security threat. It stands in limbo at the moment – it does not have the capability to overthrow the Indian state but has a sufficient military and social base to resist the state's attempts to crush it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51412821,"asset_id":30979186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3210046,"first_name":"Pritam","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"PritamSingh","display_name":"Pritam Singh","profile_url":"https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/PritamSingh?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3210046/1055828/18380849/s65_pritam.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3536,"name":"Peasant Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasant_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":150085,"name":"Bengal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bengal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":168785,"name":"West Bengal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Bengal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":199271,"name":"Punjab Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punjab_Studies?f_ri=179746"},{"id":214532,"name":"Communist Parties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communist_Parties?f_ri=179746"},{"id":294083,"name":"CPI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CPI?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":481107,"name":"communist movement in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/communist_movement_in_India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":653834,"name":"Peasantry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasantry?f_ri=179746"},{"id":672249,"name":"Peasant Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasant_Movements?f_ri=179746"},{"id":756395,"name":"Naxal /Maoist Challenge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxal_Maoist_Challenge?f_ri=179746"},{"id":809878,"name":"Peasants Revolt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasants_Revolt?f_ri=179746"},{"id":846488,"name":"Naxalite Maoist Insurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Maoist_Insurgency?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1626285" data-work_id="1626285" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1626285/The_Maoist_Movement_in_Contemporary_India">The Maoist Movement in Contemporary India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Opposing the neoliberal rhetoric of a shining middle-class India, the Communist Party of India (Maoist) has, since 2004, called for a New Democratic Revolution. Indian Maoists dismiss parliamentary democracy as a sham insofar as it fails... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1626285" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Opposing the neoliberal rhetoric of a shining middle-class India, the Communist Party of India (Maoist) has, since 2004, called for a New Democratic Revolution. Indian Maoists dismiss parliamentary democracy as a sham insofar as it fails to address the concerns and aspirations of the majority of its citizens, nearly four-fifths of whom live below two dollars a day. In their party programme, Maoists characterize the postcolonial Indian state as ‘reactionary’ and ‘autocratic’ and seek a ‘worker-peasant alliance’ to overthrow ‘imperialism, feudalism and comprador bureaucratic capitalism’ via an armed revolutionary struggle. The CPI (Maoist) politburo, which constitutes its ideological leadership, is thus supported by an underground People’s Liberation Army (PLA). The party’s long-term objective is to establish a ‘people’s democratic state under the leadership of the proletariat’ that will ‘guarantee real democracy for the vast majority of people while exercising dictatorship over a tiny minority of exploiters’. <br /> <br />The CPI (Maoist) is active mostly in eastern and central India, where human development levels rank among the lowest in the world, forest cover and rugged terrain facilitate guerrilla tactics and protracted low-intensity insurgency, and tribal and lower caste groups are preponderant. According to the Indian prime minister, Maoist rebels pose the greatest internal security threat to India since independence. In reality, however, Maoist cadres are estimated to be anywhere between 10,000 and 40,000 in a country of nearly 1.2 billion people, though this number does not include sympathizers and non-combatants. These thinly-spread cadres are concentrated chiefly in what journalists, policymakers, and scholars call the Red Corridor, running from the Nepalese border through the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh. In these areas, regular elections are held, state and non-governmental organizations routinely participate in rural development, and state police and forest officials coexist with armed rebels and their rural supporters. Since 2005-06, the state has deployed paramilitaries to supplement state police forces in combating Maoist guerillas, which has intensified state-sponsored violence and led to widespread human rights abuses, yet it has been incapable of establishing anything akin to a monopoly of legitimate violence. Shared sovereignty is thus the norm, not the exception, as in other insurgent zones in India such as Kashmir and the northeastern frontier. This state of affairs also suggests that the everyday realities of Indian Maoism are somewhat different from its ideological self-image as a vanguardist revolutionary movement."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1626285" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4170a5c5bfd802df67b5e3f8e5ea62b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32043672,"asset_id":1626285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32043672/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="474972" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/UdayChandra">Uday Chandra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="474972" type="text/json">{"id":474972,"first_name":"Uday","last_name":"Chandra","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"UdayChandra","display_name":"Uday Chandra","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/UdayChandra?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/474972/159315/11102731/s65_uday.chandra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1626285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1626285"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1626285, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1626285", }); 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Indian Maoists dismiss parliamentary democracy as a sham insofar as it fails to address the concerns and aspirations of the majority of its citizens, nearly four-fifths of whom live below two dollars a day. In their party programme, Maoists characterize the postcolonial Indian state as ‘reactionary’ and ‘autocratic’ and seek a ‘worker-peasant alliance’ to overthrow ‘imperialism, feudalism and comprador bureaucratic capitalism’ via an armed revolutionary struggle. The CPI (Maoist) politburo, which constitutes its ideological leadership, is thus supported by an underground People’s Liberation Army (PLA). The party’s long-term objective is to establish a ‘people’s democratic state under the leadership of the proletariat’ that will ‘guarantee real democracy for the vast majority of people while exercising dictatorship over a tiny minority of exploiters’. \r\n\r\nThe CPI (Maoist) is active mostly in eastern and central India, where human development levels rank among the lowest in the world, forest cover and rugged terrain facilitate guerrilla tactics and protracted low-intensity insurgency, and tribal and lower caste groups are preponderant. According to the Indian prime minister, Maoist rebels pose the greatest internal security threat to India since independence. In reality, however, Maoist cadres are estimated to be anywhere between 10,000 and 40,000 in a country of nearly 1.2 billion people, though this number does not include sympathizers and non-combatants. These thinly-spread cadres are concentrated chiefly in what journalists, policymakers, and scholars call the Red Corridor, running from the Nepalese border through the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh. In these areas, regular elections are held, state and non-governmental organizations routinely participate in rural development, and state police and forest officials coexist with armed rebels and their rural supporters. Since 2005-06, the state has deployed paramilitaries to supplement state police forces in combating Maoist guerillas, which has intensified state-sponsored violence and led to widespread human rights abuses, yet it has been incapable of establishing anything akin to a monopoly of legitimate violence. Shared sovereignty is thus the norm, not the exception, as in other insurgent zones in India such as Kashmir and the northeastern frontier. This state of affairs also suggests that the everyday realities of Indian Maoism are somewhat different from its ideological self-image as a vanguardist revolutionary movement.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32043672,"asset_id":1626285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":474972,"first_name":"Uday","last_name":"Chandra","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"UdayChandra","display_name":"Uday Chandra","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/UdayChandra?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/474972/159315/11102731/s65_uday.chandra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":201,"name":"Political 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30394318/Disappearing_Landlords_and_the_Unmaking_of_Revolution_Maoist_Mobilization_the_State_and_Agrarian_Change_in_Northern_Telangana">Disappearing Landlords and the Unmaking of Revolution: Maoist Mobilization, the State and Agrarian Change in Northern Telangana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter seeks to explore changing forms of Maoist mobilization in the plains of northern Telangana from the 1970s onwards. Bringing to view mutually constitutive relations between Maoist mobilization, the state and agrarian change,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30394318" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter seeks to explore changing forms of Maoist mobilization in the plains of northern Telangana from the 1970s onwards. Bringing to view mutually constitutive relations between Maoist mobilization, the state and agrarian change, this chapter challenges the dominant view of the decline and collapse of the Maoists in northern Telangana.I argue that prevailing scholarly accounts leave unexplored patterns of mobilization and demobilization that are crucial to a comprehensive understanding of the Telangana case. Presenting empirical material in the form of oral historical narratives, I show that the disintegration of landlordism in the region profoundly affected the Maoist movement and gave shape to subsequent developments. This chapter thus seeks to show the value of centering regionally specific processes of state formation and agrarian political economies in analyses of Maoist trajectories in India.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30394318" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="853ff25e3dd9098ff7ae0a42595ddfae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50842299,"asset_id":30394318,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50842299/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38125856" href="https://uio.academia.edu/JosteinJakobsen">Jostein Jakobsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38125856" type="text/json">{"id":38125856,"first_name":"Jostein","last_name":"Jakobsen","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JosteinJakobsen","display_name":"Jostein Jakobsen","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JosteinJakobsen?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38125856/10654004/34586422/s65_jostein.jakobsen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30394318 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30394318"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30394318, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30394318", }); 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Bringing to view mutually constitutive relations between Maoist mobilization, the state and agrarian change, this chapter challenges the dominant view of the decline and collapse of the Maoists in northern Telangana.I argue that prevailing scholarly accounts leave unexplored patterns of mobilization and demobilization that are crucial to a comprehensive understanding of the Telangana case. Presenting empirical material in the form of oral historical narratives, I show that the disintegration of landlordism in the region profoundly affected the Maoist movement and gave shape to subsequent developments. 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Marginalities in India: Themes and Perspectives, Singapore: Springer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3312413" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2691e03b7317c257e458e34cc87058d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54562094,"asset_id":3312413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54562094/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3829413" href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/ArnabRoyChowdhury">Arnab RoyChowdhury</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3829413" type="text/json">{"id":3829413,"first_name":"Arnab","last_name":"RoyChowdhury","domain_name":"hse-ru","page_name":"ArnabRoyChowdhury","display_name":"Arnab RoyChowdhury","profile_url":"https://hse-ru.academia.edu/ArnabRoyChowdhury?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3829413/5761250/6668414/s65_arnab.roy_chowdhury.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3312413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3312413"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3312413, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3312413", }); 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49585868/The_Subalterns_Nationality_Partha_Chatterjee_on_Nationalism_in_the_Postcolonial_World">The Subalterns’ Nationality: Partha Chatterjee on Nationalism in the Postcolonial World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hebrew introduction to Partha Chatterjee's classic book, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse. Translated by Ruth Ramot and Roni Amir. Ra’anana: Open University of Israel Press, 2021, 9-48 [in Hebrew]. בפתח... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49585868" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hebrew introduction to Partha Chatterjee's classic book, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse. Translated by Ruth Ramot and Roni Amir. Ra’anana: Open University of Israel Press, 2021, 9-48 [in Hebrew].<br /><br />בפתח המהדורה המחודשת<br />לאומנותם של המוכפפים: פרתה צ׳טרג׳י על לאומיות בעולם פוסטקולוניאלי<br /><a href="https://sheilta.apps.openu.ac.il/pls/dlamdal/lamda.main" rel="nofollow">https://sheilta.apps.openu.ac.il/pls/dlamdal/lamda.main</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49585868" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eee721bf1eb0a2794f7e020ffcf4cc34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67906340,"asset_id":49585868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67906340/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="232764" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/ArieDubnov">Arie M Dubnov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="232764" type="text/json">{"id":232764,"first_name":"Arie","last_name":"Dubnov","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"ArieDubnov","display_name":"Arie M Dubnov","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/ArieDubnov?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/232764/51396/163800/s65_arie.dubnov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49585868 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49585868"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49585868, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49585868", }); 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Translated by Ruth Ramot and Roni Amir. Ra’anana: Open University of Israel Press, 2021, 9-48 [in Hebrew].\n\nבפתח המהדורה המחודשת\nלאומנותם של המוכפפים: פרתה צ׳טרג׳י על לאומיות בעולם פוסטקולוניאלי\nhttps://sheilta.apps.openu.ac.il/pls/dlamdal/lamda.main","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67906340,"asset_id":49585868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":232764,"first_name":"Arie","last_name":"Dubnov","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"ArieDubnov","display_name":"Arie M Dubnov","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/ArieDubnov?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/232764/51396/163800/s65_arie.dubnov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":6184,"name":"Israel/Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Palestine?f_ri=179746"},{"id":6627,"name":"Jewish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_History?f_ri=179746"},{"id":10495,"name":"Nationalism And State Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_And_State_Building?f_ri=179746"},{"id":23087,"name":"Salman Rushdie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salman_Rushdie?f_ri=179746"},{"id":27563,"name":"Antonio Gramsci","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Gramsci?f_ri=179746"},{"id":29367,"name":"Subaltern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subaltern_Studies?f_ri=179746"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":965358,"name":"HIstory of Zionism and Jewish Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIstory_of_Zionism_and_Jewish_Nationalism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":1019274,"name":"Nationalism and Decolonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism_and_Decolonization?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4728205" data-work_id="4728205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4728205/ECONOMICS_OF_COMMUNIST_PARTY_OF_INDIA_MAOIST_">ECONOMICS OF COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MAOIST)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Maoism has become a challenge for India’s internal security. The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is known as a party organisation for this foremost challenge. Now CPI (Maoist) has estimated 10,000 to 12,000 well-trained cadres which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4728205" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Maoism has become a challenge for India’s internal security. The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is known as a party organisation for this foremost challenge. Now CPI (Maoist) has estimated 10,000 to 12,000 well-trained cadres which constitute guerrilla army and more than 50,000 members of several wings such as political, cultural and jan militia, ect. An organisation with such a big number of cadres demands huge money. This article deals with the following questions: How much is the annual turnover or budget of CPI (Maoist)? What are the basic sources to accumulate this money? How and where is this money spent?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4728205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3747aef43e9e2f80461d090e89f57305" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32048654,"asset_id":4728205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32048654/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="489796" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrAmbikeshTripathi">Dr. Ambikesh Kumar Tripathi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="489796" type="text/json">{"id":489796,"first_name":"Dr. Ambikesh Kumar","last_name":"Tripathi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAmbikeshTripathi","display_name":"Dr. Ambikesh Kumar Tripathi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrAmbikeshTripathi?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/489796/173576/32532833/s65_dr._ambikesh.tripathi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4728205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4728205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4728205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4728205", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4728205]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4728205").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4728205").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4728205"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60644" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism">Maoism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60644" type="text/json">{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62597" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Wing_Extremism">Left Wing Extremism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62597" type="text/json">{"id":62597,"name":"Left Wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Wing_Extremism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism">Naxalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="171788" type="text/json">{"id":171788,"name":"Naxalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia">Maoist Movement in South Asia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="179746" type="text/json">{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4728205]'), work: {"id":4728205,"title":"ECONOMICS OF COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MAOIST)","created_at":"2013-10-09T15:43:30.527-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4728205/ECONOMICS_OF_COMMUNIST_PARTY_OF_INDIA_MAOIST_?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_4728205","summary":"Maoism has become a challenge for India’s internal security. The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is known as a party organisation for this foremost challenge. Now CPI (Maoist) has estimated 10,000 to 12,000 well-trained cadres which constitute guerrilla army and more than 50,000 members of several wings such as political, cultural and jan militia, ect. An organisation with such a big number of cadres demands huge money. This article deals with the following questions: How much is the annual turnover or budget of CPI (Maoist)? What are the basic sources to accumulate this money? How and where is this money spent?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32048654,"asset_id":4728205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":489796,"first_name":"Dr. Ambikesh Kumar","last_name":"Tripathi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrAmbikeshTripathi","display_name":"Dr. Ambikesh Kumar Tripathi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrAmbikeshTripathi?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/489796/173576/32532833/s65_dr._ambikesh.tripathi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":62597,"name":"Left Wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Wing_Extremism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":171788,"name":"Naxalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":268137,"name":"Naxalite Movement in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement_in_India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":381919,"name":"Naxalism / Left-wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism_Left-wing_Extremism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":679451,"name":"History of Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Maoism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":717701,"name":"Maoist insurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_insurgency?f_ri=179746"},{"id":846488,"name":"Naxalite Maoist Insurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Maoist_Insurgency?f_ri=179746"},{"id":994464,"name":"Maoism In India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism_In_India?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21970566" data-work_id="21970566" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21970566/On_The_Way_to_the_Thousand_Pillared_Mandapam_Travelogue_on_the_Monuments_of_an_Agrarian_Insurgency">On The Way to the Thousand-Pillared Mandapam - Travelogue on the Monuments of an Agrarian Insurgency</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper looks at the attempts by relatives of Maoist insurgents in India killed by the police to commerate their dead in the form of obelisk-shaped monuments. This attempt at "historicization" is compared to "official" history's -... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21970566" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper looks at the attempts by relatives of Maoist insurgents in India killed by the police to commerate their dead in the form of obelisk-shaped monuments. This attempt at "historicization" is compared to "official" history's - including the author's own - methodological paradigms, suggesting that an ongoing history is ever in the process of being inaccessible to the professional historian.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21970566" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11fc84ae282f05a7782a0cd45026591a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42685137,"asset_id":21970566,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42685137/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16729007" href="https://mit.academia.edu/ArindamDutta">Arindam Dutta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16729007" type="text/json">{"id":16729007,"first_name":"Arindam","last_name":"Dutta","domain_name":"mit","page_name":"ArindamDutta","display_name":"Arindam Dutta","profile_url":"https://mit.academia.edu/ArindamDutta?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16729007/4574668/20182625/s65_arindam.dutta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21970566 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21970566"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21970566, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21970566", }); 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This attempt at \"historicization\" is compared to \"official\" history's - including the author's own - methodological paradigms, suggesting that an ongoing history is ever in the process of being inaccessible to the professional historian. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42685137,"asset_id":21970566,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16729007,"first_name":"Arindam","last_name":"Dutta","domain_name":"mit","page_name":"ArindamDutta","display_name":"Arindam Dutta","profile_url":"https://mit.academia.edu/ArindamDutta?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16729007/4574668/20182625/s65_arindam.dutta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":7232,"name":"Landscape History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_History-1?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10787550" data-work_id="10787550" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10787550/The_Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal">The Strategic Revolutionary Phases of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article traces the path of the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist ascent to power from the start of Nepal's 1996-2006 civil war to its end. In the pattern of several other movements inspired by the success of Mao’s 1948 take-over of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10787550" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article traces the path of the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist ascent to power from the start of Nepal's 1996-2006 civil war to its end. In the pattern of several other movements inspired by the success of Mao’s 1948 take-over of the Chinese state, the Maoists of Nepal tactically fought their war in stages, consisting of creation, expansion, and consolidation. Re-examining the lifecycle of Nepal’s Civil War in this context allows us to better understand:  the course of events and the timing of significant episodes; the decisions that Maoist leadership made; and what techniques the Maoists used in order to make in-roads during each phase of the conflict.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10787550" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7dc8546ca2314c58545bcf1ee585689" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36634324,"asset_id":10787550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36634324/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="932687" href="https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian">Jason Miklian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="932687" type="text/json">{"id":932687,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Miklian","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JasonMiklian","display_name":"Jason Miklian","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/932687/4495175/5206464/s65_jason.miklian.ashx"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10787550 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10787550"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10787550, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10787550", }); 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In the pattern of several other movements inspired by the success of Mao’s 1948 take-over of the Chinese state, the Maoists of Nepal tactically fought their war in stages, consisting of creation, expansion, and consolidation. Re-examining the lifecycle of Nepal’s Civil War in this context allows us to better understand: the course of events and the timing of significant episodes; the decisions that Maoist leadership made; and what techniques the Maoists used in order to make in-roads during each phase of the conflict.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36634324,"asset_id":10787550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":932687,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Miklian","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JasonMiklian","display_name":"Jason Miklian","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/932687/4495175/5206464/s65_jason.miklian.ashx"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":9451,"name":"Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":13614,"name":"Conflict Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Resolution?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":45146,"name":"Insurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency?f_ri=179746"},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=179746"},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76689674" data-work_id="76689674" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76689674/Experiencing_torture_and_human_rights_violations_reflections_on_self_experience">Experiencing torture and human rights violations: reflections on self-experience</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A personal narrative and reflection on a period during my undergraduate studies when I was arrested, tortured and narrowly escaped death for my sympathies with the Maoist/Naxalite movement in India but without any involvement in any act... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76689674" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A personal narrative and reflection on a period during my undergraduate studies when I was arrested, tortured and narrowly escaped death for my sympathies with the Maoist/Naxalite movement in India but without any involvement in any act of violence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76689674" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9939" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torture">Torture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9939" type="text/json">{"id":9939,"name":"Torture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torture?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76689674]'), work: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics">Identity politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5815" type="text/json">{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24748" type="text/json">{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179746" 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Nepal","created_at":"2013-06-09T22:06:07.855-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3681124/_People_s_Culture_Politisierung_von_Kultur_und_politische_Inszenierung_ethnischer_Identit%C3%A4t_am_Beispiel_maoistischer_Kulturveranstaltungen_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_3681124","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31369388,"asset_id":3681124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3331422,"first_name":"Tessa","last_name":"Pariyar","domain_name":"uni-heidelberg","page_name":"TessaPariyar","display_name":"Tessa Pariyar","profile_url":"https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/TessaPariyar?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3331422/1115695/4048910/s65_tessa.pariyar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38783979" data-work_id="38783979" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38783979/Maoist_Peoples_War_and_the_Revolution_of_Everyday_Life_in_Nepal">Maoist People's War and the Revolution of Everyday Life in Nepal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book is an ethnography of social change and norm-remaking brought about by the Maoist People’s War in Nepal between 1996 and 2006. Drawing on long-term fieldwork with people in the former Maoist heartland, including both committed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38783979" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book is an ethnography of social change and norm-remaking brought about by the Maoist People’s War in Nepal between 1996 and 2006. Drawing on long-term fieldwork with people in the former Maoist heartland, including both committed Maoist revolutionaries and ‘reluctant rebels’, it explores how a remote Himalayan village was forged as the centre of the Maoist rebellion, how its inhabitants coped with the situation of war, how they came to embrace the Maoist project and maintain ordinary life during war. Contrary to the dominant narrative, even in the Maoist capital, hailed as a village of resistance, a lot of ordinary people were only ‘reluctant rebels’ who supported the Maoists because of kinship ties, moral solidarity, and compliance with the Maoist regime of governance. By focusing on the relational side of the Maoist movement – kinship ties between ordinary villagers and guerrillas, fraternal and affective bonds within the Maoist movement – the book explores the social processes and relationships through which the People’s War became possible.<br /><br />The book illuminates how the everyday became a primary site of revolution in Nepal: of crafting new subjectivities, normalizing previously transgressive norms, such as beef-eating and inter-caste commensality, and reconfiguring the ways people act in and think about the world. Revolution in Nepal came about not as a result of war, but rather in the process of war, with the praxis of revolutionary modes of sociality and ‘embodied change’ being key to transforming people’s practical consciousness. Rather than being simply an outcome of the Maoist policies or ideas, much of the change was a result of embodied experiences of radically new ways of relating across caste, class and gender divides. By having recreated their everyday practice—often as part of the exceptional times of war and rules that apply in times of crisis—people in the Maoist base area transformed not only their values, but also the rigid social hierarchies structuring Nepali society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38783979" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4311392e1b56c770061baa116c2c1b4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58874043,"asset_id":38783979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58874043/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1445529" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich">Ina Zharkevich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1445529" type="text/json">{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38783979 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38783979"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38783979, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38783979", }); 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Drawing on long-term fieldwork with people in the former Maoist heartland, including both committed Maoist revolutionaries and ‘reluctant rebels’, it explores how a remote Himalayan village was forged as the centre of the Maoist rebellion, how its inhabitants coped with the situation of war, how they came to embrace the Maoist project and maintain ordinary life during war. Contrary to the dominant narrative, even in the Maoist capital, hailed as a village of resistance, a lot of ordinary people were only ‘reluctant rebels’ who supported the Maoists because of kinship ties, moral solidarity, and compliance with the Maoist regime of governance. By focusing on the relational side of the Maoist movement – kinship ties between ordinary villagers and guerrillas, fraternal and affective bonds within the Maoist movement – the book explores the social processes and relationships through which the People’s War became possible.\n\nThe book illuminates how the everyday became a primary site of revolution in Nepal: of crafting new subjectivities, normalizing previously transgressive norms, such as beef-eating and inter-caste commensality, and reconfiguring the ways people act in and think about the world. Revolution in Nepal came about not as a result of war, but rather in the process of war, with the praxis of revolutionary modes of sociality and ‘embodied change’ being key to transforming people’s practical consciousness. Rather than being simply an outcome of the Maoist policies or ideas, much of the change was a result of embodied experiences of radically new ways of relating across caste, class and gender divides. By having recreated their everyday practice—often as part of the exceptional times of war and rules that apply in times of crisis—people in the Maoist base area transformed not only their values, but also the rigid social hierarchies structuring Nepali society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58874043,"asset_id":38783979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":1902,"name":"Practice theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practice_theory?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":13025,"name":"Habitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitus?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":118633,"name":"Caste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caste?f_ri=179746"},{"id":126332,"name":"Anthropology of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_War?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":221555,"name":"Guerilla Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guerilla_Warfare?f_ri=179746"},{"id":388448,"name":"Beef eating in the Hindu Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beef_eating_in_the_Hindu_Tradition?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18075198" data-work_id="18075198" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18075198/Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal">Strategic Revolutionary Phases of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18075198" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5102045d4c279cdfb183fd286efeb3e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39862527,"asset_id":18075198,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39862527/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38024784" href="https://prio.academia.edu/ScottGates">Scott Gates</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38024784" type="text/json">{"id":38024784,"first_name":"Scott","last_name":"Gates","domain_name":"prio","page_name":"ScottGates","display_name":"Scott Gates","profile_url":"https://prio.academia.edu/ScottGates?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18075198 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18075198"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18075198, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18075198", }); 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However, based on fieldwork with young Maoists in Nepal, this article suggests that a guerrilla movement can become a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6445185" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Participation of young people in guerrilla movements is often viewed as detrimental to the process of their education. However, based on fieldwork with young Maoists in Nepal, this article suggests that a guerrilla movement can become a site for learning, developing competencies and engaging in informal literacy practices. The article contributes to the existing literature which understands guerrilla movements as a source of learning, and contributes novel perspectives on the theory of “situated learning”.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6445185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23f4935b5e9a2a820a7c3ea8cdc1acf5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33240855,"asset_id":6445185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33240855/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1445529" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich">Ina Zharkevich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1445529" type="text/json">{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6445185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6445185"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6445185, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6445185", }); 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However, based on fieldwork with young Maoists in Nepal, this article suggests that a guerrilla movement can become a site for learning, developing competencies and engaging in informal literacy practices. The article contributes to the existing literature which understands guerrilla movements as a source of learning, and contributes novel perspectives on the theory of “situated learning”. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33240855,"asset_id":6445185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":4900,"name":"Situated Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Situated_Learning?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":29458,"name":"Youth Political Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Political_Participation?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":46039,"name":"Youth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth?f_ri=179746"},{"id":124943,"name":"Child Soldiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Soldiers?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3112097" data-work_id="3112097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3112097/Rapid_Economic_Growth_and_Challenges_to_Indian_Democracy">Rapid Economic Growth and Challenges to Indian Democracy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3112097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a70a009fa30fb82d5c0ffc296a59df5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31034396,"asset_id":3112097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31034396/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="269082" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/AshokSwain">Ashok Swain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="269082" type="text/json">{"id":269082,"first_name":"Ashok","last_name":"Swain","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"AshokSwain","display_name":"Ashok Swain","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/AshokSwain?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/269082/58993/13601989/s65_ashok.swain.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3112097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3112097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3112097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3112097", }); 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What symbols Nepali Maoists and Naxalites attacked. How the Indian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40318738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper tries to understand the transition of Nepali Civil war and Naxalite movement during the time Maoists were entering into mainstream politics in Nepal. What symbols Nepali Maoists and Naxalites attacked. How the Indian government was dealing with –then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s words – with its ‘greatest internal security threat’.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40318738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="115d7719575da2ce002d828208a2e3c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60560617,"asset_id":40318738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60560617/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82914370" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilanPoudel7">Milan Poudel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82914370" type="text/json">{"id":82914370,"first_name":"Milan","last_name":"Poudel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MilanPoudel7","display_name":"Milan Poudel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MilanPoudel7?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82914370/22403128/21631352/s65_milan.poudel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40318738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40318738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40318738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40318738", }); 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What symbols Nepali Maoists and Naxalites attacked. How the Indian government was dealing with –then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s words – with its ‘greatest internal security threat’.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60560617,"asset_id":40318738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":82914370,"first_name":"Milan","last_name":"Poudel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MilanPoudel7","display_name":"Milan Poudel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MilanPoudel7?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82914370/22403128/21631352/s65_milan.poudel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":19963,"name":"New Left","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Left?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":60643,"name":"Naxalite Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":268137,"name":"Naxalite Movement in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement_in_India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":954285,"name":"India and Nepali Maoist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_and_Nepali_Maoist?f_ri=179746"},{"id":980111,"name":"Left Wing Parties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Wing_Parties?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8606334" data-work_id="8606334" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8606334/Judith_Pettigrew_Maoists_at_the_Hearth_Everyday_Life_in_Nepals_Civil_War">Judith Pettigrew, Maoists at the Hearth: Everyday Life in Nepal's Civil War</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies<br />Volume 37, Issue 3, 2014</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8606334" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="612677" href="https://gcsu.academia.edu/AmyLeighJohnson">Amy Leigh Johnson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="612677" type="text/json">{"id":612677,"first_name":"Amy Leigh","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"gcsu","page_name":"AmyLeighJohnson","display_name":"Amy Leigh Johnson","profile_url":"https://gcsu.academia.edu/AmyLeighJohnson?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/612677/3143974/40096152/s65_amy_leigh.johnson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8606334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8606334"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8606334, container: 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class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32762807" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Jhadha Ghati attack, cadres of the Communist Party of IndiaMaoist (CPIMaoist) killed at least 25 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel and injured another six in an ambush at Kalapattar in the Burkapal area of the Sukma District of Chhattisgarh on April 24, 2017. According to details available, an estimated 200300 Maoists attacked the CRPF personnel who were out to provide protection for road construction work in the area. Though the CRPF claimed that "a considerable number of Maoists are believed to have been eliminated (in retaliatory action by CRPF men) as the telltale sign indicate from the ground," only one body of a Maoist fighter was recovered, in the night of April 27, " just 500 metres away from the spot where the gun battle had taken place ". The body was recovered during search operations in the area. The Maoists had also looted at least 21 weapons, ammunition and 22 bullet proof jackets from the possession of the slain CRPF personnel. On June 29, 2010, 27 personnel of the CRPF, including Assistant Commandant Jatin Gulati, were killed in a CPIMaoist ambush in Narayanpur District of Chhattisgarh. The attack took place near a hilly stretch known as the Jhadha Ghati, three kilometres from the CRPF's Dhudhai base camp. However, the Maoist's worst ever attack targeting the SFs was at the Tarmetla village near Chintalnad in the Dantewada District of Chhattisgarh, on April 6, 2010, in which 75 CRPF personnel and one State Policeman were killed. Significantly, this area now falls under the Sukma District after the bifurcation of Dantewada. Among other recent major attacks in Sukma, the Maoists had killed 12 CRPF personnel and injured another four when they ambushed a road opening party in the forests near Kottacheru village under the Bhejji Police Station on March 11, 2017. The troops were part of a road clearing party that has been securing an underconstruction road between Bhejji and Kottacheru. Maoists looted arms and ammunition from the slain CRPF personnel. According to partial data compiled by the Institute for Conflict Management (ICM), Sukma has accounted for at least 45 Maoist related deaths (four civilians, 38 SF personnel, three Maoists) during the current year so far (data till April 30, 2017). Out of 30 districts across six states from where such fatalities have been reported in 2017, Sukma recorded the highest number of killings at 45. Narayanpur District stands at a distant second with 17 fatalities (three civilians, one trooper, 13 Maoists) followed by 13 fatalities each in Bijapur (two civilians, four SF personnel, seven Maoists) and Dantewada (two civilians, two SF personnel, nine Maoists), all Districts of Chhattisgarh. Since January 16, 2012, the day Sukma was carved out of Dantewada as a separate District, a total of 1,947 fatalities (including 698 civilians, 482 SF personnel, 767 Maoists) have been reported from 82 Districts across 12 states (data till April 30, 2017). Out of these, Sukma alone has accounted for a total of 254 Maoistrelated deaths (58 civilians, 123 SF personnel, 73 Maoists), i.e. 13.04 per cent of total fatalities, the highest for any single District in the country, followed by Bijapur (Chhattisgarh), 218; Gadchiroli (Maharashtra), 159; and Malkangiri (Odisha), 141. These were the only four Districts where fatalities reached into triple figures over this period. More worryingly, Sukma alone has accounted for 25.51 per cent of total SF fatalities during this period (123 out of a total of 482). Bijapur with 49 SF fatalities stands at a distant second. Though, the SFs have secured a positive SF:Maoist kill ratio of 1:1.59 across India, in Sukma it favours the Maoists, at 1.68:1. Out of the 37 Districts in the country from where fatalities in both these categories were reported, the kill ratio was in favour of the SFs in 18, was at par in four, and favoured the Maoists in the remaining 15. There were another 25 Districts from where only Maoist fatalities were reported. Four Districts recorded only SF fatalities. These numbers clearly suggest that Sukma, located in the Bastar Division of Chhattisgarh, the epicenter of Maoist violence in the country, is the final bastion for the Maoists. The District occupies an area of 5635.79 square kilometres, with a population of 250,159 (Census 2011), and shares its borders with the Maoistinfested Bastar, Bijapur and Dantewada Districts of Chhattisgarh to the north and west; the Malkangiri District of Odisha to the east; and the Khammam District of Telangana to the South. Some 3,500 square kilometres of Sukma, more than 75 per cent of its total area, are under forest cover. The forest cover, terrain and location of the District have given the Maoists a sustained advantage in their campaigns to establish disruptive dominance and evade action by SFs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32762807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edf391afed31b496d58790058908e88d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52919135,"asset_id":32762807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52919135/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="717986" href="https://icm-institute.academia.edu/DrAjitSingh">Dr. Ajit K Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="717986" type="text/json">{"id":717986,"first_name":"Dr. Ajit","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"icm-institute","page_name":"DrAjitSingh","display_name":"Dr. Ajit K Singh","profile_url":"https://icm-institute.academia.edu/DrAjitSingh?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/717986/244559/33126746/s65_dr._ajit.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32762807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32762807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32762807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32762807", }); 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According to details available, an estimated 200300 Maoists attacked the CRPF personnel who were out to provide protection for road construction work in the area. Though the CRPF claimed that \"a considerable number of Maoists are believed to have been eliminated (in retaliatory action by CRPF men) as the telltale sign indicate from the ground,\" only one body of a Maoist fighter was recovered, in the night of April 27, \" just 500 metres away from the spot where the gun battle had taken place \". The body was recovered during search operations in the area. The Maoists had also looted at least 21 weapons, ammunition and 22 bullet proof jackets from the possession of the slain CRPF personnel. On June 29, 2010, 27 personnel of the CRPF, including Assistant Commandant Jatin Gulati, were killed in a CPIMaoist ambush in Narayanpur District of Chhattisgarh. The attack took place near a hilly stretch known as the Jhadha Ghati, three kilometres from the CRPF's Dhudhai base camp. However, the Maoist's worst ever attack targeting the SFs was at the Tarmetla village near Chintalnad in the Dantewada District of Chhattisgarh, on April 6, 2010, in which 75 CRPF personnel and one State Policeman were killed. Significantly, this area now falls under the Sukma District after the bifurcation of Dantewada. Among other recent major attacks in Sukma, the Maoists had killed 12 CRPF personnel and injured another four when they ambushed a road opening party in the forests near Kottacheru village under the Bhejji Police Station on March 11, 2017. The troops were part of a road clearing party that has been securing an underconstruction road between Bhejji and Kottacheru. Maoists looted arms and ammunition from the slain CRPF personnel. According to partial data compiled by the Institute for Conflict Management (ICM), Sukma has accounted for at least 45 Maoist related deaths (four civilians, 38 SF personnel, three Maoists) during the current year so far (data till April 30, 2017). Out of 30 districts across six states from where such fatalities have been reported in 2017, Sukma recorded the highest number of killings at 45. Narayanpur District stands at a distant second with 17 fatalities (three civilians, one trooper, 13 Maoists) followed by 13 fatalities each in Bijapur (two civilians, four SF personnel, seven Maoists) and Dantewada (two civilians, two SF personnel, nine Maoists), all Districts of Chhattisgarh. Since January 16, 2012, the day Sukma was carved out of Dantewada as a separate District, a total of 1,947 fatalities (including 698 civilians, 482 SF personnel, 767 Maoists) have been reported from 82 Districts across 12 states (data till April 30, 2017). Out of these, Sukma alone has accounted for a total of 254 Maoistrelated deaths (58 civilians, 123 SF personnel, 73 Maoists), i.e. 13.04 per cent of total fatalities, the highest for any single District in the country, followed by Bijapur (Chhattisgarh), 218; Gadchiroli (Maharashtra), 159; and Malkangiri (Odisha), 141. These were the only four Districts where fatalities reached into triple figures over this period. More worryingly, Sukma alone has accounted for 25.51 per cent of total SF fatalities during this period (123 out of a total of 482). Bijapur with 49 SF fatalities stands at a distant second. Though, the SFs have secured a positive SF:Maoist kill ratio of 1:1.59 across India, in Sukma it favours the Maoists, at 1.68:1. Out of the 37 Districts in the country from where fatalities in both these categories were reported, the kill ratio was in favour of the SFs in 18, was at par in four, and favoured the Maoists in the remaining 15. There were another 25 Districts from where only Maoist fatalities were reported. Four Districts recorded only SF fatalities. These numbers clearly suggest that Sukma, located in the Bastar Division of Chhattisgarh, the epicenter of Maoist violence in the country, is the final bastion for the Maoists. The District occupies an area of 5635.79 square kilometres, with a population of 250,159 (Census 2011), and shares its borders with the Maoistinfested Bastar, Bijapur and Dantewada Districts of Chhattisgarh to the north and west; the Malkangiri District of Odisha to the east; and the Khammam District of Telangana to the South. Some 3,500 square kilometres of Sukma, more than 75 per cent of its total area, are under forest cover. The forest cover, terrain and location of the District have given the Maoists a sustained advantage in their campaigns to establish disruptive dominance and evade action by SFs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52919135,"asset_id":32762807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":717986,"first_name":"Dr. Ajit","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"icm-institute","page_name":"DrAjitSingh","display_name":"Dr. Ajit K Singh","profile_url":"https://icm-institute.academia.edu/DrAjitSingh?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/717986/244559/33126746/s65_dr._ajit.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":1720,"name":"International Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3849,"name":"Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":9451,"name":"Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_?f_ri=179746"},{"id":13614,"name":"Conflict Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Resolution?f_ri=179746"},{"id":14370,"name":"Conflict Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Management?f_ri=179746"},{"id":26669,"name":"Counter terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":29195,"name":"Use of Force \u0026 Counter-terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_of_Force_and_Counter-terrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":45146,"name":"Insurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency?f_ri=179746"},{"id":60643,"name":"Naxalite Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement?f_ri=179746"},{"id":62597,"name":"Left Wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Wing_Extremism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":92542,"name":"Terrorism and Counter-terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Counter-terrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":95854,"name":"Critical Terrorism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Terrorism_Studies?f_ri=179746"},{"id":143965,"name":"Social Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Conflict?f_ri=179746"},{"id":171788,"name":"Naxalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":268137,"name":"Naxalite Movement in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement_in_India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":381919,"name":"Naxalism / Left-wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism_Left-wing_Extremism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":679918,"name":"Naxal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":756395,"name":"Naxal /Maoist Challenge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxal_Maoist_Challenge?f_ri=179746"},{"id":761870,"name":"Terrorism and Counterterrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Counterterrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":846488,"name":"Naxalite Maoist Insurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Maoist_Insurgency?f_ri=179746"},{"id":1012402,"name":"Insurgency /Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Terrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":1223682,"name":"Insurgency and counterinsurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_and_counterinsurgency?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27325852" data-work_id="27325852" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27325852/Winds_of_Change_A_Story_of_the_Forest_with_a_Fort">Winds of Change : A Story of the Forest with a Fort</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Maoist Violence is a major problem being faced by the police in several districts of India. While different ways of tackling the problem are being discussed and experimented at various levels in different geographical areas, it seems... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27325852" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Maoist Violence is a major problem being faced by the police in several districts of India. While different ways of tackling the problem are being discussed and experimented at various levels in different geographical areas, it seems proper to document and thus share my experience in dealing with the problem as the Superintendent of Police in Rohtas between the years 2008 to 2011.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27325852" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="465a5a81ff8a686ae1b0fe4de371b338" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47582778,"asset_id":27325852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47582778/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22189065" href="https://itk.academia.edu/VikasVaibhav">Vikas Vaibhav</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22189065" type="text/json">{"id":22189065,"first_name":"Vikas","last_name":"Vaibhav","domain_name":"itk","page_name":"VikasVaibhav","display_name":"Vikas Vaibhav","profile_url":"https://itk.academia.edu/VikasVaibhav?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22189065/6069249/6883245/s65_vikas.vaibhav.jpg_oh_d547f61f00e402ff9b88c285aadc3e7c_oe_550e26d1___gda___1423610323_a56a6ea2bd1793a2ee16885f541fb563"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27325852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27325852"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27325852, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27325852", }); 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While different ways of tackling the problem are being discussed and experimented at various levels in different geographical areas, it seems proper to document and thus share my experience in dealing with the problem as the Superintendent of Police in Rohtas between the years 2008 to 2011. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47582778,"asset_id":27325852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22189065,"first_name":"Vikas","last_name":"Vaibhav","domain_name":"itk","page_name":"VikasVaibhav","display_name":"Vikas Vaibhav","profile_url":"https://itk.academia.edu/VikasVaibhav?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22189065/6069249/6883245/s65_vikas.vaibhav.jpg_oh_d547f61f00e402ff9b88c285aadc3e7c_oe_550e26d1___gda___1423610323_a56a6ea2bd1793a2ee16885f541fb563"}],"research_interests":[{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":15702,"name":"Modern Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Indian_History?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":171788,"name":"Naxalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":268137,"name":"Naxalite Movement in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement_in_India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":375521,"name":"Modern Indian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Indian_Literature?f_ri=179746"},{"id":756395,"name":"Naxal /Maoist Challenge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxal_Maoist_Challenge?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4754569" data-work_id="4754569" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4754569/A_History_of_Nepalese_Maoism_since_its_Foundation_by_Mohan_Bikram_Singh">A History of Nepalese Maoism since its Foundation by Mohan Bikram Singh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4754569" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dca1c03021fb81d78fbc65e8d27d47db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32065197,"asset_id":4754569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32065197/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6095354" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Beno%C3%AEtCailmail">Benoît Cailmail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6095354" type="text/json">{"id":6095354,"first_name":"Benoît","last_name":"Cailmail","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"BenoîtCailmail","display_name":"Benoît Cailmail","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Beno%C3%AEtCailmail?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4754569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4754569"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4754569, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4754569", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4754569]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4754569").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4754569").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4754569"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7443" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism">Communism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7443" type="text/json">{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4754569]'), work: {"id":4754569,"title":"A History of Nepalese Maoism since its Foundation by Mohan Bikram Singh","created_at":"2013-10-12T02:01:13.601-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4754569/A_History_of_Nepalese_Maoism_since_its_Foundation_by_Mohan_Bikram_Singh?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_4754569","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32065197,"asset_id":4754569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6095354,"first_name":"Benoît","last_name":"Cailmail","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"BenoîtCailmail","display_name":"Benoît Cailmail","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Beno%C3%AEtCailmail?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":94164,"name":"Modern Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Nepal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":162986,"name":"Guerrilla Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guerrilla_Warfare?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":353816,"name":"Nepal Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal_Conflict?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8296520" data-work_id="8296520" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8296520/Revolutionary_conflict_in_federations_the_Indian_case">Revolutionary conflict in federations: the Indian case</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Federations promise to provide autonomous, representative governance that is flexible enough to overcome potential internal conflict resulting from the dual stresses of governing diverse populations and power overreach. India is the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8296520" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Federations promise to provide autonomous,<br />representative governance that is flexible<br />enough to overcome potential internal<br />conflict resulting from the dual stresses of<br />governing diverse populations and power<br />overreach. India is the world’s biggest<br />federation but also hosts the most violent<br />revolution in modern history against a<br />federal state. Since 2004, 150,000 people<br />have been killed or displaced in the war<br />between the Communist Party of India-<br />Maoist and India’s government. Conflict<br />management efforts led not to resolution but<br />catastrophe across Andhra Pradesh,<br />Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand as state<br />responses contradicted each other and the<br />centre’s efforts. The differences illustrated<br />how institutional mechanisms of<br />decentralisation create, sustain and<br />otherwise alter internal revolutionary<br />conflicts that cross subunit boundaries.<br />Three unique characteristics come into play<br />when federal governments tackle<br />revolutionary conflict: picking from subunit<br />actions like policy buffets, exacerbation of<br />state–subunit fissures and empowerment of<br />local elites who put political self-interest<br />above conflict resolution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8296520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfdc1110484f7c4894a3490c1b613b92" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34707283,"asset_id":8296520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34707283/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="932687" href="https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian">Jason Miklian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="932687" type="text/json">{"id":932687,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Miklian","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JasonMiklian","display_name":"Jason Miklian","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/932687/4495175/5206464/s65_jason.miklian.ashx"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8296520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8296520"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8296520, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8296520", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8296520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8296520; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8296520"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8296520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8296520"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8296520; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8296520]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8296520").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8296520").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8296520"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism">Federalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6285" type="text/json">{"id":6285,"name":"Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12328" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Federalism">Comparative Federalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12328" type="text/json">{"id":12328,"name":"Comparative Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Federalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics">Indian Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19672" type="text/json">{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism">Naxalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="171788" type="text/json">{"id":171788,"name":"Naxalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8296520]'), work: {"id":8296520,"title":"Revolutionary conflict in federations: the Indian case","created_at":"2014-09-11T22:42:26.329-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8296520/Revolutionary_conflict_in_federations_the_Indian_case?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_8296520","summary":"Federations promise to provide autonomous,\nrepresentative governance that is flexible\nenough to overcome potential internal\nconflict resulting from the dual stresses of\ngoverning diverse populations and power\noverreach. India is the world’s biggest\nfederation but also hosts the most violent\nrevolution in modern history against a\nfederal state. Since 2004, 150,000 people\nhave been killed or displaced in the war\nbetween the Communist Party of India-\nMaoist and India’s government. Conflict\nmanagement efforts led not to resolution but\ncatastrophe across Andhra Pradesh,\nChhattisgarh and Jharkhand as state\nresponses contradicted each other and the\ncentre’s efforts. The differences illustrated\nhow institutional mechanisms of\ndecentralisation create, sustain and\notherwise alter internal revolutionary\nconflicts that cross subunit boundaries.\nThree unique characteristics come into play\nwhen federal governments tackle\nrevolutionary conflict: picking from subunit\nactions like policy buffets, exacerbation of\nstate–subunit fissures and empowerment of\nlocal elites who put political self-interest\nabove conflict resolution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34707283,"asset_id":8296520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":932687,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Miklian","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JasonMiklian","display_name":"Jason Miklian","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/932687/4495175/5206464/s65_jason.miklian.ashx"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6285,"name":"Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":12328,"name":"Comparative Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Federalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":171788,"name":"Naxalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8814111" data-work_id="8814111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8814111/Maoists_Tribals_and_Anthropologists_Contextualising_Anthropologists_among_Tribals_in_Contemporary_India">Maoists, Tribals and Anthropologists: Contextualising Anthropologists among Tribals in Contemporary India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The anthropologists and sociologists in India who claim to go deeper into the social and cultural reality of caste, social stratification and peasant society, are found to be equally uninterested in carrying out research on Maoist... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8814111" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The anthropologists and sociologists in India who claim to go deeper into the social and cultural reality of caste, social stratification and peasant society, are found to be equally uninterested in carrying out research on Maoist activism which has been emerging as one of the most significant challenges to feudal land relations and state sponsored usurpation of natural resources by the corporates in rural India for the last three to four decades. The unconcern of the anthropologists to study this anti-state movement on the ground has become more paradoxical by the fact that the foci of Maoist activism are mainly concentrated in regions dominated by populations classified by the state and the anthropologists as “tribes”. To put the matter more bluntly, anthropologists in India are studying cultures and ideologies of tribes but not Maoism and the tribal populations influenced and/or affected by Maoist activism and ideology. There are however exceptions but contemporary mainstream anthropologists in India still seem to be unaware and/or uninterested about the theoretical and field-level works done by the researchers in this area. This kind of intellectual avoidance of burning issues of the country by the anthropologists is not new; these have their colonial genesis which was very often carried over in the post-colonial period. Tribes, for most of the anthropologists, remained a sample of ethnological curiosity, at best a part of the great Indian civilization, at worst the lowest stage in the story of human societal evolution. Whenever any anthropologist made an attempt to put the tribes in the context of the contemporary whirlpool of  political economy the efforts were either ignored or forgotten. The same story is repeated in the case of the recent Maoist activism. I will narrate this story in some detail in this paper and give some examples from the exceptional works done by the anthropologists and non-anthropologists which have a bearing on the study of  the tribals in India in the contemporary context.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8814111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5817f5374c89b369daddbce649c0393d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35158985,"asset_id":8814111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35158985/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1098879" href="https://vidyasagar.academia.edu/AbhijitGuha">Abhijit Guha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1098879" type="text/json">{"id":1098879,"first_name":"Abhijit","last_name":"Guha","domain_name":"vidyasagar","page_name":"AbhijitGuha","display_name":"Abhijit Guha","profile_url":"https://vidyasagar.academia.edu/AbhijitGuha?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1098879/1117202/1397380/s65_abhijit.guha.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8814111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8814111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8814111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8814111", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8814111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8814111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8814111"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8814111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8814111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8814111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8814111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8814111").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8814111").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8814111"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3499" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology">Social and Cultural Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3499" type="text/json">{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60644" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism">Maoism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60644" type="text/json">{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia">Maoist Movement in South Asia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="179746" type="text/json">{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8814111]'), work: {"id":8814111,"title":"Maoists, Tribals and Anthropologists: Contextualising Anthropologists among Tribals in Contemporary India","created_at":"2014-10-16T06:57:45.702-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8814111/Maoists_Tribals_and_Anthropologists_Contextualising_Anthropologists_among_Tribals_in_Contemporary_India?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_8814111","summary":"The anthropologists and sociologists in India who claim to go deeper into the social and cultural reality of caste, social stratification and peasant society, are found to be equally uninterested in carrying out research on Maoist activism which has been emerging as one of the most significant challenges to feudal land relations and state sponsored usurpation of natural resources by the corporates in rural India for the last three to four decades. The unconcern of the anthropologists to study this anti-state movement on the ground has become more paradoxical by the fact that the foci of Maoist activism are mainly concentrated in regions dominated by populations classified by the state and the anthropologists as “tribes”. To put the matter more bluntly, anthropologists in India are studying cultures and ideologies of tribes but not Maoism and the tribal populations influenced and/or affected by Maoist activism and ideology. There are however exceptions but contemporary mainstream anthropologists in India still seem to be unaware and/or uninterested about the theoretical and field-level works done by the researchers in this area. This kind of intellectual avoidance of burning issues of the country by the anthropologists is not new; these have their colonial genesis which was very often carried over in the post-colonial period. Tribes, for most of the anthropologists, remained a sample of ethnological curiosity, at best a part of the great Indian civilization, at worst the lowest stage in the story of human societal evolution. Whenever any anthropologist made an attempt to put the tribes in the context of the contemporary whirlpool of political economy the efforts were either ignored or forgotten. The same story is repeated in the case of the recent Maoist activism. I will narrate this story in some detail in this paper and give some examples from the exceptional works done by the anthropologists and non-anthropologists which have a bearing on the study of the tribals in India in the contemporary context. \r\n\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35158985,"asset_id":8814111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1098879,"first_name":"Abhijit","last_name":"Guha","domain_name":"vidyasagar","page_name":"AbhijitGuha","display_name":"Abhijit Guha","profile_url":"https://vidyasagar.academia.edu/AbhijitGuha?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1098879/1117202/1397380/s65_abhijit.guha.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":277401,"name":"Indian Anthropology Growth and Devolopment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Anthropology_Growth_and_Devolopment?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":994464,"name":"Maoism In India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism_In_India?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_792528" data-work_id="792528" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/792528/No_tears_for_the_Salwa_Judum_of_Chhattisgarh">No tears for the Salwa Judum of Chhattisgarh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Raman Singh government has taken a decision to lower the recruitment benchmark so that the Special Police Officers (SPOs), facing a purge, can be recruited into the regular police force. Neither was the Salwa Judum movement the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_792528" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Raman Singh government has taken a decision to lower the recruitment benchmark so that the Special Police Officers (SPOs), facing a purge, can be recruited into the regular police force. Neither was the Salwa Judum movement the brightest of counter-insurgency ideas, nor will the sly attempt to circumvent the apex court’s decision add to the state’s capacity to deal with the extremists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/792528" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c1e5f6110be767a86e24778928fbeb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4734818,"asset_id":792528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4734818/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="174829" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BibhuPrasadRoutray">Bibhu Prasad Routray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="174829" type="text/json">{"id":174829,"first_name":"Bibhu Prasad","last_name":"Routray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BibhuPrasadRoutray","display_name":"Bibhu Prasad Routray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BibhuPrasadRoutray?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/174829/43602/23329924/s65_bibhu_prasad.routray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_792528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="792528"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 792528, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_792528", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_792528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 792528; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_792528"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_792528 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="792528"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 792528; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=792528]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_792528").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_792528").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="792528"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8264" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Media">Community Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8264" type="text/json">{"id":8264,"name":"Community Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Media?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10342" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence">Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10342" type="text/json">{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60643" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement">Naxalite Movement</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60643" type="text/json">{"id":60643,"name":"Naxalite Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=792528]'), work: {"id":792528,"title":"No tears for the Salwa Judum of Chhattisgarh","created_at":"2011-07-31T15:12:34.601-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/792528/No_tears_for_the_Salwa_Judum_of_Chhattisgarh?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_792528","summary":"The Raman Singh government has taken a decision to lower the recruitment benchmark so that the Special Police Officers (SPOs), facing a purge, can be recruited into the regular police force. Neither was the Salwa Judum movement the brightest of counter-insurgency ideas, nor will the sly attempt to circumvent the apex court’s decision add to the state’s capacity to deal with the extremists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4734818,"asset_id":792528,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":174829,"first_name":"Bibhu Prasad","last_name":"Routray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BibhuPrasadRoutray","display_name":"Bibhu Prasad Routray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BibhuPrasadRoutray?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/174829/43602/23329924/s65_bibhu_prasad.routray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":8264,"name":"Community Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Media?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":60643,"name":"Naxalite Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalite_Movement?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":357308,"name":"Indian documentary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_documentary?f_ri=179746"},{"id":823205,"name":"Media Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Training?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47761082" data-work_id="47761082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47761082/Smouldering_Dalit_fires_in_Bihar_India_by_George_Kunnath">Smouldering Dalit fires in Bihar, India by George Kunnath</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article explored the Dalit experience of structural cleavages that gave rise to their initial support for the Maoist movement as well as analysed the reasons for their later demobilization. Central to this discussion is an analysis... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47761082" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article  explored the Dalit experience of structural cleavages that gave rise to their initial support for the Maoist movement as well as analysed the reasons for their later demobilization. Central to this discussion is an analysis of the Maoist trajectories of armed struggle and mass mobilization and its implications for Dalit participation in the Maoist</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47761082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a665f4576e7575f7a3896eb0f97b6b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66702727,"asset_id":47761082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66702727/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1098879" href="https://vidyasagar.academia.edu/AbhijitGuha">Abhijit Guha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1098879" type="text/json">{"id":1098879,"first_name":"Abhijit","last_name":"Guha","domain_name":"vidyasagar","page_name":"AbhijitGuha","display_name":"Abhijit Guha","profile_url":"https://vidyasagar.academia.edu/AbhijitGuha?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1098879/1117202/1397380/s65_abhijit.guha.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47761082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47761082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47761082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47761082", }); 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Central to this discussion is an analysis of the Maoist trajectories of armed struggle and mass mobilization and its implications for Dalit participation in the Maoist","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66702727,"asset_id":47761082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1098879,"first_name":"Abhijit","last_name":"Guha","domain_name":"vidyasagar","page_name":"AbhijitGuha","display_name":"Abhijit Guha","profile_url":"https://vidyasagar.academia.edu/AbhijitGuha?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1098879/1117202/1397380/s65_abhijit.guha.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":45919,"name":"Dalit studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalit_studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":219706,"name":"Dalit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalit?f_ri=179746"},{"id":705179,"name":"Dalit Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalit_Movement?f_ri=179746"},{"id":994464,"name":"Maoism In India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism_In_India?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49274082" data-work_id="49274082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49274082/Disembodying_Combat_Female_Combatants_Political_Reintegration_in_Nepal_and_Colombia">Disembodying Combat: Female Combatants’ Political Reintegration in Nepal and Colombia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programs have systematically failed to reintegrate women into civilian society adequately: both academic knowledge and policy orientations have been misleading about female... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49274082" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programs have systematically failed to reintegrate women into civilian society adequately: both academic knowledge and policy orientations have been misleading about female ex-combatants’ political post-war engagement. This working paper aims to critically analyze the reintegration of the female combatants by comparing the Maoists (Nepal) and Farianas (Colombia) processes in their respective context of the post-peace agreement. The focus is on the political issues underlying the particular place of women in insurgent combat and what it means to “re-embody” civilian society with a temporal glance at the 15-year transition in Nepal and the 5-year peace process in Colombia. The working paper is divided into five sections: (1) a contextualization of the cases; (2) a mapping of the transitional context; (3) a critique of the dichotomous perspectives that have shaped the figure of the female combatant; (4) an analysis of the lessons learned from Nepal and Colombia’s post-peace agreement transition and, finally; (5) a set of policy orientations and academic venues for an intersectional and embodied perspective on DDR.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49274082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07b5d8dc92759cfded353d40085baabe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67657617,"asset_id":49274082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67657617/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3564092" href="https://fhs.academia.edu/PriscyllAnctilAvoine">Priscyll Anctil Avoine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3564092" type="text/json">{"id":3564092,"first_name":"Priscyll","last_name":"Anctil Avoine","domain_name":"fhs","page_name":"PriscyllAnctilAvoine","display_name":"Priscyll Anctil Avoine","profile_url":"https://fhs.academia.edu/PriscyllAnctilAvoine?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3564092/16679948/56937255/s65_priscyll.anctil_avoine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49274082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49274082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49274082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49274082", }); 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This working paper aims to critically analyze the reintegration of the female combatants by comparing the Maoists (Nepal) and Farianas (Colombia) processes in their respective context of the post-peace agreement. The focus is on the political issues underlying the particular place of women in insurgent combat and what it means to “re-embody” civilian society with a temporal glance at the 15-year transition in Nepal and the 5-year peace process in Colombia. The working paper is divided into five sections: (1) a contextualization of the cases; (2) a mapping of the transitional context; (3) a critique of the dichotomous perspectives that have shaped the figure of the female combatant; (4) an analysis of the lessons learned from Nepal and Colombia’s post-peace agreement transition and, finally; (5) a set of policy orientations and academic venues for an intersectional and embodied perspective on DDR. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67657617,"asset_id":49274082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3564092,"first_name":"Priscyll","last_name":"Anctil Avoine","domain_name":"fhs","page_name":"PriscyllAnctilAvoine","display_name":"Priscyll Anctil Avoine","profile_url":"https://fhs.academia.edu/PriscyllAnctilAvoine?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3564092/16679948/56937255/s65_priscyll.anctil_avoine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746"},{"id":97774,"name":"Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disarmament_Demobilization_and_Reintegration?f_ri=179746"},{"id":162986,"name":"Guerrilla Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guerrilla_Warfare?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":878538,"name":"Proceso De Paz En Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proceso_De_Paz_En_Colombia?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1580549" data-work_id="1580549" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1580549/Review_David_N_Gellner_ed_Varieties_of_Activist_Experience_Civil_Society_in_South_Asia_New_Delhi_2010_and_Ethnic_Activism_and_Civil_Society_in_South_Asia_New_Delhi_2009_">Review - David N. 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making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nation_building_and_State_making?f_ri=179746"},{"id":1223610,"name":"Latin American feminisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_feminisms?f_ri=179746"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45088874" data-work_id="45088874" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45088874/Farewell_to_Arms">Farewell to Arms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">How do rebels give up arms and return to the same political processes that they had once sought to overthrow? The question of weaning rebels away from extremist groups is highly significant in counterinsurgency and in the pacification of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45088874" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">How do rebels give up arms and return to the same political processes that they had once sought to overthrow? The question of weaning rebels away from extremist groups is highly significant in counterinsurgency and in the pacification of insurgencies. In Farewell to Arms, Rumela Sen goes to the rebels themselves and breaks down the protracted process of rebel retirement into a multi-staged journey as the rebels see it. She draws on several rounds of interviews with current and former Maoist rebels as well as security personnel, administrators, activists, politicians, and civilians in two conflict zones in North and South India. The choice to quit an insurgency, she finds, depends on locally embedded, informal exit networks. The relative weakness of these networks in North India means that fewer rebels quit than in the South, where more feel that they can disarm without getting killed. Sen shows that these networks grow out of the grassroots civic associations in the gray zone of state-insurgency interface. Correcting the course for future policy, Sen provides a new explanation of rebel retirement that will be essential to any policymaker or scholar working to end protracted insurgencies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45088874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23b117750fd984479de33c3452202915" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65649866,"asset_id":45088874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65649866/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71692" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/RumelaSen">Rumela Sen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71692" type="text/json">{"id":71692,"first_name":"Rumela","last_name":"Sen","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"RumelaSen","display_name":"Rumela Sen","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/RumelaSen?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71692/1548355/20489050/s65_rumela.sen.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45088874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45088874"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45088874, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45088874", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45088874]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45088874").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45088874").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45088874"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal">Maoist Movement in Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47007" type="text/json">{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia">Maoist Movement in South Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179746" type="text/json">{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="319943" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists">Indian Maoists</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="319943" type="text/json">{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45088874]'), work: {"id":45088874,"title":"Farewell to Arms","created_at":"2021-02-09T17:54:53.521-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45088874/Farewell_to_Arms?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_45088874","summary":"How do rebels give up arms and return to the same political processes that they had once sought to overthrow? The question of weaning rebels away from extremist groups is highly significant in counterinsurgency and in the pacification of insurgencies. In Farewell to Arms, Rumela Sen goes to the rebels themselves and breaks down the protracted process of rebel retirement into a multi-staged journey as the rebels see it. She draws on several rounds of interviews with current and former Maoist rebels as well as security personnel, administrators, activists, politicians, and civilians in two conflict zones in North and South India. The choice to quit an insurgency, she finds, depends on locally embedded, informal exit networks. The relative weakness of these networks in North India means that fewer rebels quit than in the South, where more feel that they can disarm without getting killed. Sen shows that these networks grow out of the grassroots civic associations in the gray zone of state-insurgency interface. Correcting the course for future policy, Sen provides a new explanation of rebel retirement that will be essential to any policymaker or scholar working to end protracted insurgencies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65649866,"asset_id":45088874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71692,"first_name":"Rumela","last_name":"Sen","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"RumelaSen","display_name":"Rumela Sen","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/RumelaSen?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71692/1548355/20489050/s65_rumela.sen.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":1223682,"name":"Insurgency and counterinsurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_and_counterinsurgency?f_ri=179746"},{"id":2177626,"name":"Rebel Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rebel_Governance?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69027502" data-work_id="69027502" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69027502/_Peace_Talks_as_Strategic_Deployment_the_State_Maoists_and_Political_Violence_in_India">‘Peace Talks’ as Strategic Deployment: the State, Maoists and Political Violence in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper analyses various instances of negotiation and‘ talks’ between the Indian state and the Maoist guerrillas and argues that both‘ peace talks’ and ‘violence’ are part of the rhetoric deployed by state agencies in their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69027502" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper analyses various instances of negotiation and‘ talks’ between the Indian state and the Maoist guerrillas and argues that both‘ peace talks’ and ‘violence’ are part of the rhetoric deployed by state agencies in their counter-insurgency strategies. The paper shows that at the same time, a theoretical engagement with the idea of ‘just peace’ is absent in the state discourses as much as in the ideological arsenal of the Maoists. Thus all such peace initiatives have resulted in further escalation of violence. In this context, the fundamental issue at stake is the comprehension of ‘peace ’itself .Is cessation of hostilities a guarantee for ‘perpetual peace’? Or is peace necessarily a compromise? The <br />paper invokes the ‘just peace’ framework in critically analysing such efforts at <br />conciliation between the Maoists and state agencies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69027502" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f33e88df3dccc2877e209dae9d1cd190" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80305766,"asset_id":69027502,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80305766/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40562657" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TanweerFazal">Tanweer Fazal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40562657" type="text/json">{"id":40562657,"first_name":"Tanweer","last_name":"Fazal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TanweerFazal","display_name":"Tanweer Fazal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TanweerFazal?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40562657/22212797/21439710/s65_tanweer.fazal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69027502 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69027502"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69027502, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69027502", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69027502 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69027502; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69027502"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69027502 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69027502"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69027502; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69027502]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69027502").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69027502").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69027502"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia">Maoist Movement in South Asia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="179746" type="text/json">{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69027502]'), work: {"id":69027502,"title":"‘Peace Talks’ as Strategic Deployment: the State, Maoists and Political Violence in India","created_at":"2022-01-21T09:33:17.348-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69027502/_Peace_Talks_as_Strategic_Deployment_the_State_Maoists_and_Political_Violence_in_India?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_69027502","summary":"This paper analyses various instances of negotiation and‘ talks’ between the Indian state and the Maoist guerrillas and argues that both‘ peace talks’ and ‘violence’ are part of the rhetoric deployed by state agencies in their counter-insurgency strategies. The paper shows that at the same time, a theoretical engagement with the idea of ‘just peace’ is absent in the state discourses as much as in the ideological arsenal of the Maoists. Thus all such peace initiatives have resulted in further escalation of violence. In this context, the fundamental issue at stake is the comprehension of ‘peace ’itself .Is cessation of hostilities a guarantee for ‘perpetual peace’? Or is peace necessarily a compromise? The\r\npaper invokes the ‘just peace’ framework in critically analysing such efforts at\r\nconciliation between the Maoists and state agencies.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80305766,"asset_id":69027502,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40562657,"first_name":"Tanweer","last_name":"Fazal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TanweerFazal","display_name":"Tanweer Fazal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TanweerFazal?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40562657/22212797/21439710/s65_tanweer.fazal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31773044" data-work_id="31773044" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31773044/An_Interview_with_Prof_GN_Saibaba">An Interview with Prof. GN Saibaba</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An Interview with Prof. GN Saibaba Noted activist and suspended Delhi University Professor, GN Saibaba, along with others (Hem Mishra, Prashant Rahi, Vijay Tirke, Mahesh Tirke, and Pandu Narote), was convicted on 7 March 2017 by a court... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31773044" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An Interview with Prof. GN Saibaba<br />Noted activist and suspended Delhi University Professor, GN Saibaba, along with others (Hem Mishra, Prashant Rahi, Vijay Tirke, Mahesh Tirke, and Pandu Narote), was convicted on 7 March 2017 by a court in Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. The Court held that the Professor is guilty on the grounds of having links with the Maoists. The judgment that brought a life sentence to the majorly disabled Professor was the culmination of a three year court proceedings.<br /><br />Arrested in May 2014, Saibaba was kept under custody for seventeen months and granted bail for three months by the Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court later. Subsequently, when moved to Supreme Court, he was given a regular bail last year. The current verdict naturally comes as a jolt. The court has observed that the accused, including Prof. Saibaba, had actively associated with the CPI-Maoist and its Revolutionary Democratic Front and served as a prolific leader. The court also opined that physical handicap has no room for mercy, since the Professor is ‘mentally fit’ and involved in the activities of the Maoist organizations as a major ‘think tank’.<br /><br />Read excerpts from an exclusive interview I had conducted with Professor GN Saibaba in Delhi a week ahead of the current verdict.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31773044" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f858d6f53d417338d36d91e74119963e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52076651,"asset_id":31773044,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52076651/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1242256" href="https://jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia.academia.edu/SirajUdma">Mohammed Sirajuddeen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1242256" type="text/json">{"id":1242256,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Sirajuddeen","domain_name":"jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia","page_name":"SirajUdma","display_name":"Mohammed Sirajuddeen","profile_url":"https://jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia.academia.edu/SirajUdma?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1242256/452682/52541461/s65_mohammed.sirajuddeen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31773044 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31773044"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31773044, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31773044", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31773044]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31773044").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31773044").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31773044"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism">History of Communism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59779" type="text/json">{"id":59779,"name":"History of Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60644" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism">Maoism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60644" type="text/json">{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31773044]'), work: {"id":31773044,"title":"An Interview with Prof. GN Saibaba","created_at":"2017-03-08T09:09:11.052-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31773044/An_Interview_with_Prof_GN_Saibaba?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_31773044","summary":"An Interview with Prof. GN Saibaba\nNoted activist and suspended Delhi University Professor, GN Saibaba, along with others (Hem Mishra, Prashant Rahi, Vijay Tirke, Mahesh Tirke, and Pandu Narote), was convicted on 7 March 2017 by a court in Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act. The Court held that the Professor is guilty on the grounds of having links with the Maoists. The judgment that brought a life sentence to the majorly disabled Professor was the culmination of a three year court proceedings.\n\nArrested in May 2014, Saibaba was kept under custody for seventeen months and granted bail for three months by the Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court later. Subsequently, when moved to Supreme Court, he was given a regular bail last year. The current verdict naturally comes as a jolt. The court has observed that the accused, including Prof. Saibaba, had actively associated with the CPI-Maoist and its Revolutionary Democratic Front and served as a prolific leader. The court also opined that physical handicap has no room for mercy, since the Professor is ‘mentally fit’ and involved in the activities of the Maoist organizations as a major ‘think tank’.\n\nRead excerpts from an exclusive interview I had conducted with Professor GN Saibaba in Delhi a week ahead of the current verdict. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52076651,"asset_id":31773044,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1242256,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Sirajuddeen","domain_name":"jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia","page_name":"SirajUdma","display_name":"Mohammed Sirajuddeen","profile_url":"https://jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia.academia.edu/SirajUdma?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1242256/452682/52541461/s65_mohammed.sirajuddeen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":59779,"name":"History of 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4319707" data-work_id="4319707" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4319707/The_Maoist_Problem_and_the_Democratic_Left_in_India">The Maoist “Problem” and the Democratic Left in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4319707" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0379408caa8d1fdda41ee251cb671e8" rel="nofollow" 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() { var workId = 4319707; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4319707"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4319707 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4319707"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4319707; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4319707]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4319707").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4319707").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4319707"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13995" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory">Postcolonial Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13995" type="text/json">{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16209" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alain_Badiou">Alain Badiou</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16209" type="text/json">{"id":16209,"name":"Alain Badiou","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alain_Badiou?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41599" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Democracy">Social Democracy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41599" type="text/json">{"id":41599,"name":"Social Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Democracy?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4319707]'), work: {"id":4319707,"title":"The Maoist “Problem” and the Democratic Left in 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Badiou","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alain_Badiou?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":41599,"name":"Social Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Democracy?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":47813,"name":"Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Planning?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11499051" data-work_id="11499051" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11499051/Return_of_the_Native_CPI_Maoist_in_Kerala">Return of the Native: CPI-Maoist in Kerala</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">On 7 December 2014, in the first ever incident of its type, personnel of Thunderbolt, the elite paramilitary commando unit of the Kerala Police exchanged fire with a six-member team of the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11499051" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On 7 December 2014, in the first ever incident of its type, personnel of Thunderbolt, the elite paramilitary commando unit of the Kerala Police exchanged fire with a six-member team of the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) at the Chappa forest area located on Kozhikode-Wayanad border. No casualties were reported as the Maoist team escaped following a 10-minute long encounter. In the subsequent days, small teams of Maoists vandalised forest offices at Wayanad and Palakkad and carried out an attack on a private quarry-cum-crusher unit in Kannur district.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11499051" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0e67c560fe025502c3fdca26fa695f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37016194,"asset_id":11499051,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37016194/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="174829" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BibhuPrasadRoutray">Bibhu Prasad Routray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="174829" type="text/json">{"id":174829,"first_name":"Bibhu Prasad","last_name":"Routray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BibhuPrasadRoutray","display_name":"Bibhu Prasad Routray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BibhuPrasadRoutray?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/174829/43602/23329924/s65_bibhu_prasad.routray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11499051 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11499051"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11499051, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11499051", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11499051]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11499051").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11499051").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11499051"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia">South Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5471" type="text/json">{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11499051]'), work: {"id":11499051,"title":"Return of the Native: CPI-Maoist in Kerala","created_at":"2015-03-17T22:23:26.174-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11499051/Return_of_the_Native_CPI_Maoist_in_Kerala?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_11499051","summary":"On 7 December 2014, in the first ever incident of its type, personnel of Thunderbolt, the elite paramilitary commando unit of the Kerala Police exchanged fire with a six-member team of the Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) at the Chappa forest area located on Kozhikode-Wayanad border. No casualties were reported as the Maoist team escaped following a 10-minute long encounter. In the subsequent days, small teams of Maoists vandalised forest offices at Wayanad and Palakkad and carried out an attack on a private quarry-cum-crusher unit in Kannur district.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37016194,"asset_id":11499051,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":174829,"first_name":"Bibhu Prasad","last_name":"Routray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BibhuPrasadRoutray","display_name":"Bibhu Prasad Routray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BibhuPrasadRoutray?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/174829/43602/23329924/s65_bibhu_prasad.routray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":26669,"name":"Counter terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":62597,"name":"Left Wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Wing_Extremism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":135334,"name":"Kerala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerala?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"},{"id":381919,"name":"Naxalism / Left-wing Extremism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism_Left-wing_Extremism?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10782605" data-work_id="10782605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10782605/The_Purification_Hunt_The_Salwa_Judum_Counterinsurgency_in_Chhattisgarh_India">The Purification Hunt: The Salwa Judum Counterinsurgency in Chhattisgarh, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Military counterinsurgencies can intensify wars by exacerbating the very violence and attacks upon civilian populations that they are meant to temper. In 2005, the state of Chhattisgarh, India responded to a long-simmering conflict... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10782605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Military counterinsurgencies can intensify wars by exacerbating the very violence and attacks upon civilian populations that they are meant to temper. In 2005, the state of Chhattisgarh, India responded to a long-simmering conflict against the Communist Party of India-Maoist (or Naxals) in this manner by secretly funding and arming a counterinsurgency group called Salwa Judum (meaning ‘purification hunt’). Salwa Judum was armed by the state in the hopes that it would fight the Naxals, make the mineral-rich area safer for industry, and allow for official deniability of violence against civilians and suspected Naxals in the name of reasserting control. Instead of quelling the rebellion, the conflict became exponentially deadlier, militarizing marginalized communities in the process. However, industry has thrived even as it sits in the heart of the conflict zone, surrounded by a human rights disaster from which the state has yet to recover.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10782605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b21270711a62867d227f60aa61e8286b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36632000,"asset_id":10782605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36632000/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="932687" href="https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian">Jason Miklian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="932687" type="text/json">{"id":932687,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Miklian","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JasonMiklian","display_name":"Jason Miklian","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/932687/4495175/5206464/s65_jason.miklian.ashx"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10782605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10782605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10782605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10782605", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10782605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10782605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10782605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10782605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3126" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology">Political Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3126" type="text/json">{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9451" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_">Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9451" type="text/json">{"id":9451,"name":"Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13396" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Development">Political Economy of Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13396" type="text/json">{"id":13396,"name":"Political Economy of Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Development?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16598" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution">Social movements and revolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16598" type="text/json">{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10782605]'), work: {"id":10782605,"title":"The Purification Hunt: The Salwa Judum Counterinsurgency in Chhattisgarh, India","created_at":"2015-02-14T00:43:44.756-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10782605/The_Purification_Hunt_The_Salwa_Judum_Counterinsurgency_in_Chhattisgarh_India?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_10782605","summary":"Military counterinsurgencies can intensify wars by exacerbating the very violence and attacks upon civilian populations that they are meant to temper. In 2005, the state of Chhattisgarh, India responded to a long-simmering conflict against the Communist Party of India-Maoist (or Naxals) in this manner by secretly funding and arming a counterinsurgency group called Salwa Judum (meaning ‘purification hunt’). Salwa Judum was armed by the state in the hopes that it would fight the Naxals, make the mineral-rich area safer for industry, and allow for official deniability of violence against civilians and suspected Naxals in the name of reasserting control. Instead of quelling the rebellion, the conflict became exponentially deadlier, militarizing marginalized communities in the process. However, industry has thrived even as it sits in the heart of the conflict zone, surrounded by a human rights disaster from which the state has yet to recover.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36632000,"asset_id":10782605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":932687,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Miklian","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JasonMiklian","display_name":"Jason Miklian","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/932687/4495175/5206464/s65_jason.miklian.ashx"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":9451,"name":"Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":13396,"name":"Political Economy of Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Development?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining?f_ri=179746"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=179746"},{"id":26669,"name":"Counter terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=179746"},{"id":28981,"name":"Ethnic Conflict and Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Conflict_and_Civil_War?f_ri=179746"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746"},{"id":162294,"name":"Politics and Terrorism in South Asia, Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policy, Drug Trafficking in South Asia, US role in South Asia, War on Terrorism etc.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_and_Terrorism_in_South_Asia_Indian_and_Pakistani_Foreign_Policy_Drug_Trafficking_in_South?f_ri=179746"},{"id":171789,"name":"salwa Judum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/salwa_Judum?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1580140" data-work_id="1580140" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1580140/Review_George_Kunnath_Rebels_from_the_Mud_Houses_Dalits_and_the_Making_of_the_Maoist_Revolution_in_Bihar_New_Delhi_2012_">Review - George Kunnath, Rebels from the Mud Houses: Dalits and the Making of the Maoist Revolution in Bihar (New Delhi, 2012)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1580140" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7c1bb618b5032f87ef1a9014d9423ea" rel="nofollow" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19511403/Why_are_the_Longest_Insurgencies_Low_Levels_of_Violence_Politician_Motivations_Sons_of_the_Soil_and_Civil_War_Duration">Why are the Longest Insurgencies Low Levels of Violence: Politician Motivations, Sons of the Soil, and Civil War Duration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is a puzzle yet unanswered by theorists of civil war – why are the longest insurgencies low levels of violence? I argue that medium capacity states with multiple insurgencies tend to choose a counter insurgency strategy of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19511403" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is a puzzle yet unanswered by theorists of civil war – why are the longest insurgencies low levels of violence? I argue that medium capacity states with multiple insurgencies tend to choose a counter insurgency strategy of containment vis-a`-vis peripheral sons of the soil insurgencies, causing them to become stalemated low scale conflicts. While the current literature focuses on commitment problems, or low state capacity to explain such persistent low intensity insurgencies, my theory suggests that central politicians of these medium capacity states try to follow a policy of containment, particularly visa`-vis the peripheral ethnic ‘sons of the soil’ insurgencies which are of low priority in terms of threat to political survival of these central politicians. The theory is tested on the Fearon (2004) data-set, and shows that those medium capacity states with multiple conflicts and sons of the soil insurgencies tend to have these low intensity long lasting insurgencies. This paper contributes to the literature on civil war duration, and also to the literature on sons of the soil conflicts. It investigates the different conditions under which state elites do not have sufficient incentives to try and eliminate rebels, because it is unacceptably costly to do so.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19511403" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edec2b0b8816fc3f9a373077d954b237" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40661858,"asset_id":19511403,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40661858/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4376549" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/ShivajiMukherjee">Shivaji Mukherjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4376549" type="text/json">{"id":4376549,"first_name":"Shivaji","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"ShivajiMukherjee","display_name":"Shivaji Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/ShivajiMukherjee?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4376549/1769081/12191655/s65_shivaji.mukherjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19511403 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19511403"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19511403, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19511403", }); 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It investigates the different conditions under which state elites do not have sufficient incentives to try and eliminate rebels, because it is unacceptably costly to do so.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40661858,"asset_id":19511403,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4376549,"first_name":"Shivaji","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"ShivajiMukherjee","display_name":"Shivaji Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/ShivajiMukherjee?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4376549/1769081/12191655/s65_shivaji.mukherjee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9451,"name":"Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":106494,"name":"Civil wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_wars?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16288591" data-work_id="16288591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16288591/Political_Change_and_Cultural_Revolution_in_a_Maoist_Model_Village_Mid_Western_Nepal_In_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Dynamics_and_Growth_in_the_Twenty_First_Century_M_Lawoti_and_A_Pahari_eds_Londres_Routledge_2010_115_132">Political Change and Cultural Revolution in a Maoist Model Village, Mid-Western Nepal. In The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Dynamics and Growth in the Twenty-First Century, M. Lawoti & A. Pahari eds., Londres: Routledge. 2010: 115-132.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16288591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dce867ff939302b0bcfdfea2cfcac507" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38926254,"asset_id":16288591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38926254/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23437114" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/MarieLecomteTilouine">Marie Lecomte-Tilouine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23437114" type="text/json">{"id":23437114,"first_name":"Marie","last_name":"Lecomte-Tilouine","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"MarieLecomteTilouine","display_name":"Marie Lecomte-Tilouine","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/MarieLecomteTilouine?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23437114/7937591/8891967/s65_marie.lecomte-tilouine.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16288591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16288591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16288591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16288591", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16288591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16288591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16288591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16288591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16598" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution">Social movements and revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16598" type="text/json">{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16766" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Tibet_and_the_Himalayas">Anthropology of Tibet and the Himalayas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16766" type="text/json">{"id":16766,"name":"Anthropology of Tibet and the Himalayas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Tibet_and_the_Himalayas?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal">Maoist Movement in Nepal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47007" type="text/json">{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16288591]'), work: {"id":16288591,"title":"Political Change and Cultural Revolution in a Maoist Model Village, Mid-Western Nepal. In The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Dynamics and Growth in the Twenty-First Century, M. Lawoti \u0026 A. Pahari eds., Londres: Routledge. 2010: 115-132.","created_at":"2015-09-29T01:50:02.612-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16288591/Political_Change_and_Cultural_Revolution_in_a_Maoist_Model_Village_Mid_Western_Nepal_In_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Dynamics_and_Growth_in_the_Twenty_First_Century_M_Lawoti_and_A_Pahari_eds_Londres_Routledge_2010_115_132?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_16288591","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38926254,"asset_id":16288591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23437114,"first_name":"Marie","last_name":"Lecomte-Tilouine","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"MarieLecomteTilouine","display_name":"Marie Lecomte-Tilouine","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/MarieLecomteTilouine?f_ri=179746","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23437114/7937591/8891967/s65_marie.lecomte-tilouine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16766,"name":"Anthropology of Tibet and the Himalayas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Tibet_and_the_Himalayas?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":56942,"name":"Cultural Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Revolution?f_ri=179746"},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4760611" data-work_id="4760611" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4760611/CPN_M_s_International_Relations_after_Seizing_Power_The_End_of_an_Era">CPN-M’s International Relations after Seizing Power: The End of an Era?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4760611" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="db574d431ad5b7dc7782126c711261e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37391221,"asset_id":4760611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37391221/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6095354" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Beno%C3%AEtCailmail">Benoît Cailmail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6095354" type="text/json">{"id":6095354,"first_name":"Benoît","last_name":"Cailmail","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"BenoîtCailmail","display_name":"Benoît Cailmail","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Beno%C3%AEtCailmail?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4760611 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4760611"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4760611, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4760611", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4760611]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4760611").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4760611").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4760611"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal">Maoist Movement in Nepal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47007" type="text/json">{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4760611]'), work: {"id":4760611,"title":"CPN-M’s International Relations after Seizing Power: The End of an Era?","created_at":"2013-10-12T21:05:43.088-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4760611/CPN_M_s_International_Relations_after_Seizing_Power_The_End_of_an_Era?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_4760611","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37391221,"asset_id":4760611,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6095354,"first_name":"Benoît","last_name":"Cailmail","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"BenoîtCailmail","display_name":"Benoît Cailmail","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Beno%C3%AEtCailmail?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":171788,"name":"Naxalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naxalism?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":631118,"name":"Rim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rim-1?f_ri=179746"},{"id":1907940,"name":"Revolutionary Internationalist Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34762368" data-work_id="34762368" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34762368/Rules_that_Apply_in_Times_of_Crisis_time_agency_and_norm_remaking_during_Nepals_Peoples_War">'Rules that Apply in Times of Crisis': time, agency, and norm-remaking during Nepal's People's War</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article explores how people in the former Maoist heartland of Nepal adopted previously transgressive norms and practices during the decade of the People’s War (1996-2006). By examining the rise in practices of beef-eating and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34762368" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article explores how people in the former Maoist heartland of Nepal adopted previously transgressive norms and practices during the decade of the People’s War (1996-2006). By examining the rise in practices of beef-eating and inter-caste commensality, this article suggests that the temporal dimension of wartime ‘when different rules apply’ was crucial in making people accept new ideas and break established norms on a scale atypical for the ‘normal’ times of peace. Analysing the agency of Maoist activists, who self-consciously tried to implement a project of radical social transformation, and those people who were caught in the midst of the Maoist transformative endeavour, this article argues that the contours of the ‘new society’ emerged not only due to revolutionaries’ intentional actions but also because of the ‘exceptional’ nature of wartime, which forced people to radically re-create their daily lives. By transgressing social norms, ‘ordinary’ people did not deliberately undermine the <br />normative order, but rather responded to the constraints of wartime, when people’s agency and ethical choices were mostly driven by the need to secure the survival of their families and ensure the continuity of life itself.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34762368" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="823822de8745044b28634c27ddb75c72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82186073,"asset_id":34762368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82186073/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1445529" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich">Ina Zharkevich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1445529" type="text/json">{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34762368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34762368"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34762368, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34762368", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34762368]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34762368").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34762368").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34762368"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5044" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embodiment">Embodiment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5044" type="text/json">{"id":5044,"name":"Embodiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embodiment?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48174" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporality">Temporality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48174" type="text/json">{"id":48174,"name":"Temporality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporality?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency">Agency</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61922" type="text/json">{"id":61922,"name":"Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34762368]'), work: {"id":34762368,"title":"'Rules that Apply in Times of Crisis': time, agency, and norm-remaking during Nepal's People's War","created_at":"2017-10-04T07:38:01.210-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34762368/Rules_that_Apply_in_Times_of_Crisis_time_agency_and_norm_remaking_during_Nepals_Peoples_War?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_34762368","summary":"This article explores how people in the former Maoist heartland of Nepal adopted previously transgressive norms and practices during the decade of the People’s War (1996-2006). By examining the rise in practices of beef-eating and inter-caste commensality, this article suggests that the temporal dimension of wartime ‘when different rules apply’ was crucial in making people accept new ideas and break established norms on a scale atypical for the ‘normal’ times of peace. Analysing the agency of Maoist activists, who self-consciously tried to implement a project of radical social transformation, and those people who were caught in the midst of the Maoist transformative endeavour, this article argues that the contours of the ‘new society’ emerged not only due to revolutionaries’ intentional actions but also because of the ‘exceptional’ nature of wartime, which forced people to radically re-create their daily lives. By transgressing social norms, ‘ordinary’ people did not deliberately undermine the\r\nnormative order, but rather responded to the constraints of wartime, when people’s agency and ethical choices were mostly driven by the need to secure the survival of their families and ensure the continuity of life itself.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82186073,"asset_id":34762368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5044,"name":"Embodiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embodiment?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":48174,"name":"Temporality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporality?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":61922,"name":"Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":62216,"name":"Norms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norms?f_ri=179746"},{"id":118633,"name":"Caste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caste?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":388448,"name":"Beef eating in the Hindu Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beef_eating_in_the_Hindu_Tradition?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23026406" data-work_id="23026406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23026406/The_crucible_of_the_Revolution_in_M_Lecomte_Tilouine_%C3%A9d_Revolution_in_Nepal_An_Antrhopological_and_historical_approach_to_the_People_s_War_New_Delhi_OUP_2013_164_211">The crucible of the Revolution, in M. Lecomte-Tilouine éd. Revolution in Nepal. An Antrhopological and historical approach to the People’s War, (New Delhi, OUP), 2013:164-211.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23026406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4cded89846f578fadfe982cace0c0fb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43536730,"asset_id":23026406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43536730/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3267830" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/AnnedeSales">Anne de Sales</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3267830" type="text/json">{"id":3267830,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"de Sales","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"AnnedeSales","display_name":"Anne de Sales","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/AnnedeSales?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23026406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23026406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23026406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23026406", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23026406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23026406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23026406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23026406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="792" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology">Historical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="792" type="text/json">{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Studies">Minority Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9547" type="text/json">{"id":9547,"name":"Minority Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal">Maoist Movement in Nepal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47007" type="text/json">{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23026406]'), work: {"id":23026406,"title":"The crucible of the Revolution, in M. Lecomte-Tilouine éd. Revolution in Nepal. An Antrhopological and historical approach to the People’s War, (New Delhi, OUP), 2013:164-211.","created_at":"2016-03-09T01:53:42.148-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23026406/The_crucible_of_the_Revolution_in_M_Lecomte_Tilouine_%C3%A9d_Revolution_in_Nepal_An_Antrhopological_and_historical_approach_to_the_People_s_War_New_Delhi_OUP_2013_164_211?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_23026406","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43536730,"asset_id":23026406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3267830,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"de Sales","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"AnnedeSales","display_name":"Anne de Sales","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/AnnedeSales?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":792,"name":"Historical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":9547,"name":"Minority Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Studies?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":47007,"name":"Maoist Movement in Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":81822,"name":"Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolution?f_ri=179746"},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"},{"id":672249,"name":"Peasant Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasant_Movements?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17461772" data-work_id="17461772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17461772/De_mythologizing_the_Village_of_Resistance_How_rebellious_were_the_peasants_in_the_Maoist_base_area_of_Nepal">De-mythologizing ‘the Village of Resistance’: How rebellious were the peasants in the Maoist base area of Nepal?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It has become something of a cliché to speak about Nepal’s districts of Rolpa and Rukum as the heartland of the Maoist base area, where the Maoist Movement enjoyed most popular support during the People’s War of 1996–2006. The Kham Magar... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17461772" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It has become something of a cliché to speak about Nepal’s districts of Rolpa and Rukum as the heartland of the Maoist base area, where the Maoist Movement enjoyed most popular support during the People’s War of 1996–2006. The Kham Magar village of Thabang, known as the capital of the base area, has been furthermore hailed as a ‘village of resistance,’ and its inhabitants are often portrayed as rebellious peasants who resisted the state since at least the 1950s. Based on the analysis of ordinary peasants’ narratives from Thabang, the paper will argue that this reading of Thabang’s history, which privileges resistance, does not give due to the complexity of power relations within the village, to inequalities between the village notables and ordinary people, and to the view of peasants themselves. Furthermore, it will be argued that Thabang—one of the most extensively researched villages in Nepal due to its ‘revolutionary history’—represents an interesting case study of how the project of writing history from the margins can, in fact, obscure the mere voices of those, it claims to represent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17461772" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f0a06911fd48aef717f4f9a862fc2299" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82186494,"asset_id":17461772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82186494/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTk5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1445529" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich">Ina Zharkevich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1445529" type="text/json">{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17461772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17461772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17461772, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17461772", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17461772]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17461772").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17461772").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17461772"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8004" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_">Resistance (Social)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8004" type="text/json">{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11312" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subalternity_Subaltern_Agency">Subalternity, Subaltern Agency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11312" type="text/json">{"id":11312,"name":"Subalternity, Subaltern Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subalternity_Subaltern_Agency?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Conflict_and_Civil_War">Ethnic Conflict and Civil War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28981" type="text/json">{"id":28981,"name":"Ethnic Conflict and Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Conflict_and_Civil_War?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17461772]'), work: {"id":17461772,"title":"De-mythologizing ‘the Village of Resistance’: How rebellious were the peasants in the Maoist base area of Nepal?","created_at":"2015-10-29T04:32:42.046-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17461772/De_mythologizing_the_Village_of_Resistance_How_rebellious_were_the_peasants_in_the_Maoist_base_area_of_Nepal?f_ri=179746","dom_id":"work_17461772","summary":"It has become something of a cliché to speak about Nepal’s districts of Rolpa and Rukum as the heartland of the Maoist base area, where the Maoist Movement enjoyed most popular support during the People’s War of 1996–2006. The Kham Magar village of Thabang, known as the capital of the base area, has been furthermore hailed as a ‘village of resistance,’ and its inhabitants are often portrayed as rebellious peasants who resisted the state since at least the 1950s. Based on the analysis of ordinary peasants’ narratives from Thabang, the paper will argue that this reading of Thabang’s history, which privileges resistance, does not give due to the complexity of power relations within the village, to inequalities between the village notables and ordinary people, and to the view of peasants themselves. Furthermore, it will be argued that Thabang—one of the most extensively researched villages in Nepal due to its ‘revolutionary history’—represents an interesting case study of how the project of writing history from the margins can, in fact, obscure the mere voices of those, it claims to represent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82186494,"asset_id":17461772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1445529,"first_name":"Ina","last_name":"Zharkevich","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"InaZharkevich","display_name":"Ina Zharkevich","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/InaZharkevich?f_ri=179746","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":11312,"name":"Subalternity, Subaltern Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subalternity_Subaltern_Agency?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":28981,"name":"Ethnic Conflict and Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Conflict_and_Civil_War?f_ri=179746","nofollow":false},{"id":179746,"name":"Maoist Movement in South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?f_ri=179746"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?after=50%2C17461772" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Maoist_Movement_in_South_Asia?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div 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