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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dardanelles_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dardanelles_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Dardanelles campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dardanelles_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wreck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wreck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wreck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wreck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_(Schiff,_1898)" title="Bouvet (Schiff, 1898) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bouvet (Schiff, 1898)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_(cuirass%C3%A9)" title="Bouvet (cuirassé) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouvet (cuirassé)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_(nave_da_battaglia)" title="Bouvet (nave da battaglia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bouvet (nave da battaglia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7_(%E6%88%A6%E8%89%A6)" title="ブーヴェ (戦艦) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブーヴェ (戦艦)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_(1896)" title="Bouvet (1896) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bouvet (1896)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_(coura%C3%A7ado)" title="Bouvet (couraçado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bouvet (couraçado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet" title="Bouvet – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Bouvet" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Bouvet_(1896)" title="FS Bouvet (1896) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="FS Bouvet (1896)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvet_(z%C4%B1rhl%C4%B1)" title="Bouvet (zırhlı) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bouvet (zırhlı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=French_battleship_Bouvet&params=40_01_15_N_26_16_30_E_region:TR_source:frwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°01′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°16′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.02083°N 26.27500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.02083; 26.27500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Bouvet" title="French ship Bouvet">French ship <i>Bouvet</i></a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_battleship_Bouvet_NH_64442.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/French_battleship_Bouvet_NH_64442.jpg/300px-French_battleship_Bouvet_NH_64442.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/French_battleship_Bouvet_NH_64442.jpg/450px-French_battleship_Bouvet_NH_64442.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/French_battleship_Bouvet_NH_64442.jpg/600px-French_battleship_Bouvet_NH_64442.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5722" data-file-height="4127" /></a></span><div>French battleship <i>Bouvet</i></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Preceded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Mass%C3%A9na" title="French battleship Masséna"><i>Masséna</i></a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne-class_battleship" title="Charlemagne-class battleship"><i>Charlemagne</i> class</a></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/42px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/63px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/84px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">France</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Bouvet</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Bouvet" title="François Joseph Bouvet">François Joseph Bouvet</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_de_Lorient" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal de Lorient">Arsenal de Lorient</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>16 January 1893</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>27 April 1896</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>June 1898</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sunk during <a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_campaign" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign">operations off the Dardanelles</a> on 18 March 1915</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-dreadnought">Pre-dreadnought</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>12,200 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (12,007 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>122.4 m (401 ft 7 in) (<a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">loa</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>21.4 m (70 ft 3 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>8 m (26 ft 3 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">32 × <a href="/wiki/Belleville_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Belleville boiler">Belleville boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">14,000 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">CV</a> (14,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Indicated_horsepower" title="Horsepower">ihp</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3 × <a href="/wiki/Triple-expansion_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple-expansion steam engine">triple-expansion steam engines</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3 × <a href="/wiki/Screw_propeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw propeller">screw propellers</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>18 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">kn</a> (33 km/h; 21 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>3,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">31 officers</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">591 enlisted men</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/305mm/40_Mod%C3%A8le_1893_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="305mm/40 Modèle 1893 gun">305 mm/45 Modèle 1893 guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_274_mod%C3%A8le_1887/1893" title="Canon de 274 modèle 1887/1893">274 mm/45 Modèle 1893 guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_138_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893_naval_gun" title="Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval gun">138 mm/45 Modèle 1893 guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_100_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1891" title="Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891">100 mm (3.9 in)</a> guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">12 × <a href="/wiki/QF_3-pounder_Hotchkiss" title="QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss">47 mm (1.9 in) 3-pounder</a> guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × 37 mm (1.5 in) 1-pounder guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × 450 mm (18 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">20 × <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">naval mines</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">Belt</a>: 120–400 mm (4.7–15.7 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a>: 370 mm (15 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">Conning tower</a>: 320 mm (13 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a>: 70 mm (2.8 in)</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Bouvet</b></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">pre-dreadnought battleship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> that was built in the 1890s. She was a member of a group of five broadly similar battleships, along with <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Charles_Martel" title="French battleship Charles Martel"><i>Charles Martel</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Jaur%C3%A9guiberry" title="French battleship Jauréguiberry"><i>Jauréguiberry</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Carnot" title="French battleship Carnot"><i>Carnot</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Mass%C3%A9na" title="French battleship Masséna"><i>Masséna</i></a>, which were ordered in response to the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sovereign-class_battleship" title="Royal Sovereign-class battleship"><i>Royal Sovereign</i> class</a>. <i>Bouvet</i> was the last vessel of the group to be built, and her design was based on that of <i>Charles Martel</i>. Like her half-sisters, she was armed with a main battery of two 305 mm (12 in) guns and two 274 mm (10.8 in) guns in individual turrets. She had a top speed of 18 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (33 km/h; 21 mph), which made her one of the fastest battleships in the world at the time. <i>Bouvet</i> proved to be the most successful design of the five, and she was used as the basis for the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne-class_battleship" title="Charlemagne-class battleship"><i>Charlemagne</i> class</a>. Nevertheless, she suffered from design flaws that reduced her stability and contributed to her loss in 1915. </p><p><i>Bouvet</i> spent the majority of her peacetime career in the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Mediterranean_(France)" title="Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)">Mediterranean Squadron</a> conducting routine training exercises. This period was relatively uneventful, though she was involved in a collision with the battleship <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Gaulois" title="French battleship Gaulois"><i>Gaulois</i></a> in 1903 that saw both ships' captains relieved of command. In 1906, she assisted in the response to the eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius#Eruptions_in_the_20th_century" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a> in Italy. <i>Bouvet</i> was withdrawn from front-line service in 1907 and thereafter used as part of the training fleet. The ship was the only vessel of her group of five half-sisters still in service at the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in July 1914. </p><p>A significant portion of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> was stationed in <a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a>, so at the start of the war, <i>Bouvet</i> and much of the rest of the fleet were used to escort troop <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoys</a> across to southern France. With this work done by late August, <i>Bouvet</i> and several other battleships were used to patrol for <a href="/wiki/Contraband" title="Contraband">contraband</a> shipments in the central Mediterranean. From November to late December, she was stationed as a <a href="/wiki/Guard_ship" title="Guard ship">guard ship</a> at the northern entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>. The ship thereafter joined the <a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign">naval operations off the Dardanelles</a>, where she participated in a series of attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> fortifications guarding the straits. These culminated in a major assault on 18 March 1915; during the attack, she was hit approximately eight times by shellfire but was not seriously damaged. While turning to withdraw, however, she struck a <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mine</a> and sank within two minutes; only 75 men were rescued from a complement of 718. Two British battleships were also sunk by mines that day, and the disaster convinced the Allies to abandon the naval campaign in favor of an <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">amphibious assault on the Gallipoli Peninsula</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_battleship_Charles_Martel_illustration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/French_battleship_Charles_Martel_illustration.jpg/220px-French_battleship_Charles_Martel_illustration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/French_battleship_Charles_Martel_illustration.jpg/330px-French_battleship_Charles_Martel_illustration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/French_battleship_Charles_Martel_illustration.jpg/440px-French_battleship_Charles_Martel_illustration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4620" data-file-height="3152" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Charles_Martel" title="French battleship Charles Martel"><i>Charles Martel</i></a>, which formed the basis for <i>Bouvet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s design</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1889, the <a href="/wiki/British_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="British Parliament">British Parliament</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Defence_Act_1889" title="Naval Defence Act 1889">Naval Defence Act</a> that resulted in the construction of the eight <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sovereign-class_battleship" title="Royal Sovereign-class battleship"><i>Royal Sovereign</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a>; this major expansion of naval power led the French government to pass its reply, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Statut Naval</i></span> (Naval Law) of 1890. The law called for a total of twenty-four "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cuirasses d'escadre</i></span>" (squadron battleships) and a host of other vessels, including <a href="/wiki/Coastal_defense_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal defense ship">coastal defense battleships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a>. The first stage of the program was to be a group of four squadron battleships that were built to different designs but met the same basic characteristics, including armor, armament, and displacement. The naval high command issued the basic requirements on 24 December 1889; <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a> would not exceed 14,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">metric tons</a> (14,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>), the primary armament was to consist of 340-millimeter (13 in) and 270 mm (11 in) guns, the <a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">belt armor</a> should be 450 mm (17.7 in) thick, and the ships should maintain a top speed of 17 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (31 km/h; 20 mph). The <a href="/wiki/Secondary_armament" title="Secondary armament">secondary battery</a> was to be either 140 mm (5.5 in) or 160 mm (6.3 in) caliber, with as many guns fitted as space would allow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse22–23_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse22–23-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general similarity of the ships led some observers to group them together as a <a href="/wiki/Ship_class" title="Ship class">ship class</a>, though the authors of <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships</i> point out that the vessels had "sufficient differences to prevent them from being considered as one class."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell293–294_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell293–294-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basic design for the ships was based on the previous battleship <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Brennus" title="French battleship Brennus"><i>Brennus</i></a>, but instead of mounting the main battery all on the centerline, the ships used the lozenge arrangement of the earlier vessel <a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Magenta_(1890)" title="French ironclad Magenta (1890)"><i>Magenta</i></a>, which moved two of the main battery guns to single <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">turrets</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Wing_turret" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing turret">wings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERopp223_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERopp223-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the navy had stipulated that displacement could be up to 14,000 t, political considerations, namely parliamentary objections to increases in naval expenditures, led the designers to limit displacement to around 12,000 t (12,000 long tons). Five naval architects submitted proposals to the competition; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Ernest_Huin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Ernest Huin (page does not exist)">Charles Ernest Huin</a> prepared the design for <i>Bouvet</i>. He had also designed her half-sister <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Charles_Martel" title="French battleship Charles Martel"><i>Charles Martel</i></a>, upon which the design for <i>Bouvet</i> was based. Before work on <i>Charles Martel</i> had begun, the naval command asked Huin to design an improved version. He completed the plans for the ship, which was slightly larger than her half-sisters, on 20 May, and the Navy awarded the contract for the ship on 8 October 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse25,_32_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse25,_32-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Bouvet</i> proved to be the most successful of the five ships, and she was the only one still in active service at the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. She also provided the basis for the next class of French battleships, the three <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne-class_battleship" title="Charlemagne-class battleship"><i>Charlemagne</i>s</a> built in the mid-1890s. She and her half-sisters nevertheless were disappointments in service; <i>Bouvet</i> suffered from stability problems that ultimately contributed to her loss in 1915, and all five of the vessels compared poorly to their British counterparts, particularly their contemporaries of the <a href="/wiki/Majestic-class_battleship" title="Majestic-class battleship"><i>Majestic</i> class</a>. The ships suffered from a lack of uniformity of equipment, which made them hard to maintain in service, and their mixed gun batteries comprising several calibers made gunnery in combat conditions difficult, since shell splashes were hard to differentiate. Many of the problems that plagued the ships in service were a result of the limitation on their displacement, particularly their stability and <a href="/wiki/Seakeeping" title="Seakeeping">seakeeping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38–40_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38–40-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_characteristics_and_machinery">General characteristics and machinery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General characteristics and machinery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_battleship_Bouvet_at_anchor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/French_battleship_Bouvet_at_anchor.jpg/220px-French_battleship_Bouvet_at_anchor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/French_battleship_Bouvet_at_anchor.jpg/330px-French_battleship_Bouvet_at_anchor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/French_battleship_Bouvet_at_anchor.jpg/440px-French_battleship_Bouvet_at_anchor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1651" /></a><figcaption><i>Bouvet</i> early in her career</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Bouvet</i> was 117.9 meters (386 ft 10 in) <a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">long between perpendiculars</a>, 121.01 m (397 ft) <a href="/wiki/Length_at_the_waterline" class="mw-redirect" title="Length at the waterline">long at the waterline</a>, and 122.4 m (401 ft 7 in) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">long overall</a>. She had a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 21.4 m (70 ft 3 in) and an average <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draft</a> of 8 m (26 ft 3 in). She had a displacement of 12,200 t (12,007 long tons) as designed. Unlike her half-sisters, which had a cut down <a href="/wiki/Quarterdeck" title="Quarterdeck">quarterdeck</a>, <i>Bouvet</i> retained a full <a href="/wiki/Flush_deck" title="Flush deck">flush deck</a>. Her <a href="/wiki/Superstructure" title="Superstructure">superstructure</a> was reduced in size compared to her half-sisters, and she had a pair of short military masts; these changes were made to reduce the top-heaviness experienced with the earlier vessels. She kept the pronounced <a href="/wiki/Tumblehome" title="Tumblehome">tumblehome</a> to give the 27 cm guns wide fields of fire. <i>Bouvet</i> had a standard crew of 31 officers and 591 enlisted men, though as a <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> her crew grew to 41 officers and 651 enlisted men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32–33_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32–33-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She had three vertical <a href="/wiki/Triple-expansion_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple-expansion steam engine">triple-expansion steam engines</a> each driving a single three-bladed <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">screw</a>; the outboard screws were 4.5 m (15 ft) wide, while the center shaft was slightly smaller, at 4.4 m (14 ft) in diameter. The engines were powered with steam supplied by thirty-two <a href="/wiki/Belleville_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Belleville boiler">Belleville</a> <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a> that were license-built by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indret (page does not exist)">Indret</a>. The boilers were divided into four <a href="/wiki/Fire_room" title="Fire room">boiler rooms</a>, which were placed in two pairs on either end of the magazines for the wing turrets, and divided by a central <a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition)" title="Bulkhead (partition)">bulkhead</a>. The boilers were ducted into a pair of <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">funnels</a>. Her three engines were placed side by side and also divided by longitudinal bulkheads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her propulsion system was rated at 14,000 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">metric horsepower</a> (10,300 kW), which allowed the ship to steam at a maximum speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) on speed trials with a light loading, though while on a 24-hour test using normal displacement, she cruised at 17 to 17.5 knots (31.5 to 32.4 km/h; 19.6 to 20.1 mph). Using <a href="/wiki/Forced_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced draft">forced draft</a>, she reached 18.2 knots (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph) from 15,462 metric horsepower (15,250 ihp) during the tests. <i>Bouvet</i> was fast by the standards of the day; the only British battleship that approached her in speed was the second-class battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Renown_(1895)" title="HMS Renown (1895)">HMS <i>Renown</i></a>. As built, <i>Bouvet</i> could carry 610 t (600 long tons) of coal, though additional space allowed for up to 980 t (960 long tons) in total. At a cruising speed of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph), the ship could steam for 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (5,600 km; 3,500 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper805_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper805-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship's electrical system consisted of four 400-<a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a>/80-<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> <a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">dynamos</a> that had a combined output of 128 kilowatts (172 hp). The dynamos were placed on the platform deck between the ducting for the boilers. Several smaller electric motors, rated at 29 kW (39 hp), powered the ship's ventilation system, and 9 kW (12 hp) motors drove the ash hoists for the boiler rooms. <i>Bouvet</i> was fitted with six <a href="/wiki/Searchlight" title="Searchlight">searchlights</a>: four on the battery deck (two amidships and one each forward and aft) and the remaining two on the masts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Armament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouvet_in_Toulon-Agence_Rol-2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bouvet_in_Toulon-Agence_Rol-2.jpeg/220px-Bouvet_in_Toulon-Agence_Rol-2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bouvet_in_Toulon-Agence_Rol-2.jpeg/330px-Bouvet_in_Toulon-Agence_Rol-2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bouvet_in_Toulon-Agence_Rol-2.jpeg/440px-Bouvet_in_Toulon-Agence_Rol-2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption><i>Bouvet</i> at anchor, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> June 1912</span></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Bouvet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s main armament consisted of two <a href="/wiki/305mm/40_Mod%C3%A8le_1893_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="305mm/40 Modèle 1893 gun">Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893 guns</a> in two single-gun turrets, one each fore and aft and two <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_274_mod%C3%A8le_1887/1893" title="Canon de 274 modèle 1887/1893">Canon de 274 mm Modèle 1893 guns</a> in two single-gun turrets, one amidships on each side, <a href="/wiki/Sponson" title="Sponson">sponsoned</a> out over the tumblehome of the ship's sides.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both types of guns were experimental 45 <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">caliber</a> variants of the guns fitted in her half-sister <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Mass%C3%A9na" title="French battleship Masséna"><i>Masséna</i></a>. The 305 mm guns had a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of 815 meters per second (2,670 ft/s), which allowed the shells to penetrate up to 610 mm (24 in) of iron armor at a range of 1,800 m (2,000 yd). This was sufficiently powerful to allow <i>Bouvet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s main guns to easily penetrate the armor of most contemporary battleships at the common battle ranges of the day. The 274 mm guns, which were also 45 calibers long, had the same muzzle velocity, but being significantly smaller than the 305 mm guns, produced 460 mm (18 in) of iron penetration. The gun turrets were hydraulically operated and required the guns to be depressed to −4° to be loaded. They both had a <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a> of one shell per minute. Both types of mounts allowed elevation to 14°; for the 305 mm guns, this produced a maximum range of 12,400 m (40,700 ft), and for the 274 mm guns, their maximum range was 11,700 m (38,400 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse33_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse33-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper804_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper804-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her secondary armament consisted of eight <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_138_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1893_naval_gun" title="Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1893 naval gun">Canon de 138 mm Modèle 1891 naval guns</a>, which were mounted in single turrets in the hull; two were placed just aft of the forward 305 mm turret, four were placed on either sides of the 274 mm guns, and the remaining two were just aft of the rear 305 mm turret.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These guns had a firing rate of 4 rounds per minute, with a maximum range of 11,000 m (36,000 ft) from up to 20° elevation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse33_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse33-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For defense against torpedo boats, <i>Bouvet</i> carried eight <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_100_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1891" title="Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891">100 mm (3.9 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/Quick-firing_gun" title="Quick-firing gun">quick-firing (QF) guns</a> in individual pedestal mounts with <a href="/wiki/Gun_shield" title="Gun shield">gun shields</a> on the upper deck. Four were located between the funnels, two were placed abreast of the forward bridge, and the remaining two were similarly arranged on either side of the aft bridge. They had a rate of fire of between 7 and 15 shots per minute and they could engage targets out to 5,000 m (16,000 ft). She also had twelve <a href="/wiki/QF_3-pounder_Hotchkiss" title="QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss">47 mm (1.9 in) 3-pounder guns</a>, and eight 37 mm (1.5 in) 1-pounder guns, all in individual mounts. Of the 37 mm guns, three were five-barreled <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_revolver_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss revolver cannon">Hotchkiss revolver cannon</a> and the remaining five were single-barrel QF guns. Four of the 47 mm guns were mounted on the lower platforms of the military masts and the remainder, along with the 37 mm guns, were distributed along the length of the superstructure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse34–35_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse34–35-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper803–804_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper803–804-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As was customary for capital ships of the period, her armament suite was rounded out by four 450 mm (18 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a>, two of which were submerged in the ship's hull; both were located on the broadside close to the bow; they were aimed directly perpendicular to the centerline. The other two tubes were mounted above water, in trainable launchers placed amidships. The fire of these tubes was directed either by armored sights located abreast of the conning tower or unprotected sights on the battery deck. <i>Bouvet</i> carried a total of ten <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a> of the Modèle 1892 Toulon/Fiume type; six were allocated to the submerged tubes, with the other four for the deck launchers. <i>Bouvet</i> also carried twenty Modèle 1892 <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">naval mines</a> that could be laid by the ship's <a href="/wiki/Pinnace_(ship%27s_boat)" title="Pinnace (ship's boat)">pinnaces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fire_control">Fire control</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fire control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1890s, before <i>Bouvet</i> had begun construction, the French Navy introduced a <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">fire-control system</a> that included <a href="/wiki/Rangefinding_telemeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangefinding telemeter">rangefinders</a>, observers in the masts, and electric order transmitters to communicate fire control instructions from the control center to the gun crews. <i>Bouvet</i> was the first battleship completed with the system; for the purposes of fire control, her gun battery was divided into either individual sections (the large and medium-caliber guns) or groups of two or more guns (the 100 mm, 47 mm, and 37 mm guns). All of the guns were controlled by the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Poste central de commande</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">central command post</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) that was located directly below the conning tower, below the armored deck. The central command post received the range and bearing information from the rangefinders and calculated firing solutions, which would then be sent via the electric order transmitters to direct the fire of individual guns or sections.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse35–37_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse35–37-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armor">Armor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Armor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_battleship_Bouvet_plan_and_profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/French_battleship_Bouvet_plan_and_profile.jpg/220px-French_battleship_Bouvet_plan_and_profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/French_battleship_Bouvet_plan_and_profile.jpg/330px-French_battleship_Bouvet_plan_and_profile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/French_battleship_Bouvet_plan_and_profile.jpg/440px-French_battleship_Bouvet_plan_and_profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Plan and profile drawing of <i>Bouvet</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The ship's armor was constructed with nickel steel manufactured by several firms, including <a href="/wiki/Schneider-Creusot" title="Schneider-Creusot">Schneider-Creusot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_forges_et_aci%C3%A9ries_de_la_marine_et_d%27Hom%C3%A9court" title="Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la marine et d'Homécourt">Saint-Chamond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_forges_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon-Commentry-Neuves-Maisons" title="Société des forges de Châtillon-Commentry-Neuves-Maisons">Châtillon & Commentry</a>, which allowed the design staff to reduce the thickness of the steel without compromising its effectiveness. Thus, weight could be saved that could be used elsewhere in the displacement-limited ships. The main belt was 400 mm (16 in) thick amidships, and tapered down to 200 mm (7.9 in) at the lower edge. Forward of the central citadel, the belt was reduced to 300 mm (12 in) (also reduced to 200 mm on the lower edge) and aft of the citadel, it tapered to 260 mm (10 in) (reduced to 120 mm (4.7 in) on the bottom edge). The belt extended for the entire length of the hull, and it was backed with 200 mm of <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>. Above the belt was 80 mm (3.1 in) thick <a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">strake</a> of side armor that created a highly subdivided <a href="/wiki/Cofferdam" title="Cofferdam">cofferdam</a> to reduce the risk of flooding from battle damage. The side of the cofferdam was reinforced by two layers of 10 mm (0.39 in) plating. <i>Bouvet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s main deck was protected with 70 mm (2.8 in) of <a href="/wiki/Mild_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mild steel">mild steel</a>, back with two layers of 10 mm plating. Mild steel was used here, as the deck was designed to bend rather than shatter when struck by an armor-piercing shell at an oblique angle. The lower platform deck was 30 mm (1.2 in) thick, with a single layer of 10 mm plating behind it; it was intended to catch splinters that penetrated the main deck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–38_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–38-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main battery guns (both the 305 mm and 274 mm guns) were protected with 370 mm (15 in) of cemented armor on the faces and sides, with 70 mm (2.8 in) thick roofs and 65 mm (2.6 in) thick floors. Both the floors and roofs were composed of mild steel. The turrets sat atop <a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">barbettes</a> with 310 mm (12 in) thick sides. The 138 mm turrets had 100 mm (3.9 in) thick sides and faces, with 20 mm (0.79 in) roofs and 15 mm (0.59 in) floors. Gun shields that were 72 mm (2.8 in) thick protected the 100 mm guns. The <a href="/wiki/Conning_tower" title="Conning tower">conning tower</a> had 320 mm (13 in) thick sides, a 20 mm thick roof, and a 25 mm (0.98 in) thick floor. The uptakes for the boilers were protected with <a href="/wiki/Coaming" title="Coaming">coamings</a> that were 300 mm thick.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–38_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–38-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship's armor layout was not as effective as the designers had hoped; at the designed displacement, the belt armor was submerged with just a 3° <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A-L)#H" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)">heel</a>, and training all of the main battery turrets to one side would produce a heel of 2°. Incremental increases in weight during the construction process, which Huin was unable to supervise, left little margin for the belt to remain above the water. These increases forced compromises elsewhere in the ship's armor protection, most notably the barbettes, which were criticized at the time; nothing could be done, however, due to the strict limit placed on displacement. The cofferdam also proved to be highly susceptible to uncontrollable flooding, which would have serious effects on the vessel's stability.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–39_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–39-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balearic_Sea_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Balearic_Sea_map.png/220px-Balearic_Sea_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Balearic_Sea_map.png/330px-Balearic_Sea_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Balearic_Sea_map.png/440px-Balearic_Sea_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Map of the western Mediterranean, where <i>Bouvet</i> spent the majority of her peacetime career</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Bouvet</i> was <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">laid down</a> at the French Navy shipyard in <a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a> on 16 January 1893, and was <a href="/wiki/Ship_launching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship launching">launched</a> on 27 April 1896. After completing <a href="/wiki/Fitting-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitting-out">fitting-out</a> work, she began <a href="/wiki/Sea_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea trials">sea trials</a> on 5 March 1898. The ship was intended to have conducted her trials from <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a>, but she was sent to <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> to reinforce the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Mediterranean_(France)" title="Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)">Mediterranean Squadron</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Fashoda_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashoda crisis">Fashoda crisis</a> with Britain. She was <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> into the French Navy in June 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was named in honor of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Bouvet" title="François Joseph Bouvet">François Joseph Bouvet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce_&_Cogar51_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce_&_Cogar51-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the ship's peacetime career, she was occupied with routine training exercises that included gunnery training, combined maneuvers with torpedo boats and <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>, and practicing attacking <a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">coastal fortifications</a>. Since <i>Bouvet</i> was one of the most modern French battleships in the late 1890s and early 1900s, she spent this time in the Mediterranean Squadron, France's primary fleet. One of the largest of these exercises was conducted between March and July 1900, and involved the Mediterranean Squadron and the Northern Squadron. On 6 March, <i>Bouvet</i> joined the battleships <i>Brennus</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Gaulois" title="French battleship Gaulois"><i>Gaulois</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Charlemagne" title="French battleship Charlemagne"><i>Charlemagne</i></a>, <i>Charles Martel</i>, and <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Jaur%C3%A9guiberry" title="French battleship Jauréguiberry"><i>Jauréguiberry</i></a> and four <a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">protected cruisers</a> for maneuvers off <a href="/wiki/Golfe-Juan" title="Golfe-Juan">Golfe-Juan</a> on the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Azur">Côte d'Azur</a>, including night firing training. Over the course of April, the ships visited numerous French ports along the Mediterranean coast, and on 31 May the fleet steamed to <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> for a visit that lasted until 8 June. After completing its own exercises in the Mediterranean, the Mediterranean Squadron rendezvoused with the Northern Squadron off <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal, in late June before proceeding to <a href="/wiki/Quiberon_Bay" title="Quiberon Bay">Quiberon Bay</a> for joint maneuvers in July. The maneuvers concluded with a <a href="/wiki/Naval_review" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval review">naval review</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg" title="Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a> on 19 July for President <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a>. On 1 August, the Mediterranean Fleet departed for Toulon, arriving on 14 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse217–218_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse217–218-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Bouvet</i> was assigned to the 2nd Battle Division of the Mediterranean Squadron, along with <i>Jauréguiberry</i> and the new battleship <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_I%C3%A9na" title="French battleship Iéna"><i>Iéna</i></a>, the latter becoming the divisional flagship. <i>Bouvet</i> departed Toulon on 29 January 1903 in company with the battleships <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Saint_Louis" title="French battleship Saint Louis"><i>Saint Louis</i></a>, <i>Gaulois</i>, and <i>Charlemagne</i>, four cruisers, and accompanying destroyers for gunnery training off Golfe-Juan. At the time, <i>Bouvet</i> and <i>Gaulois</i> were the 2nd Division, with <i>Bouvet</i> in the lead; the other two ships formed the 1st Division. Two days later, when the divisions were ordered to change from two columns to a single <a href="/wiki/Line_ahead" class="mw-redirect" title="Line ahead">line ahead</a> for shooting drills, <i>Bouvet</i> failed to take her prescribed position and instead turned too closely to <i>Gaulois</i>. The latter accidentally struck the former, with <i>Bouvet</i> losing a ladder and incurring damage to one of the deck-mounted torpedo tubes. <i>Gaulois</i> had two armor plates torn from her bow. Both ships' captains were relieved of command over the incident. In October, <i>Bouvet</i> and the rest of the Mediterranean Squadron battleships steamed to <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, and on their return to Toulon they conducted training exercises.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse218–222_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse218–222-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The year 1904 saw the Mediterranean Squadron visit <a href="/wiki/Souda_Bay" title="Souda Bay">Souda Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika">Salonika</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a> in Sicily, and <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, Greece, during a cruise of the eastern Mediterranean in the middle of the year. The following year passed uneventfully for <i>Bouvet</i>, and on 10 April 1906, she, <i>Iéna</i>, and <i>Gaulois</i> were sent to Italy in the aftermath of the eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a>. The three ships carried some 9,000 rations and their crews assisted the victims to recover from the disaster. The division returned to France in time for a naval review on 16 September held in <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a> that included detachments from Britain, Spain, and Italy. <i>Bouvet</i> and the other French ships then returned to Toulon. The following year, in January 1907, <i>Bouvet</i> was withdrawn from front-line service with the Mediterranean Squadron.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse222–224_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse222–224-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now part of the Second Squadron, she was retained on active service for the year, but with a reduced crew.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer171_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer171-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1908, the Mediterranean Fleet was reorganized and <i>Bouvet</i> was attached to the 3rd Battleship Division as its flagship, under the command of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Contre-amiral</a></i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Rear Admiral</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurent_Marin-Darbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurent Marin-Darbel (page does not exist)">Laurent Marin-Darbel</a>, along with <i>Jauréguiberry</i> and the battleship <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Suffren" title="French battleship Suffren"><i>Suffren</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse223_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse223-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouvet_in_the_Dardanelles.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bouvet_in_the_Dardanelles.png/220px-Bouvet_in_the_Dardanelles.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bouvet_in_the_Dardanelles.png/330px-Bouvet_in_the_Dardanelles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bouvet_in_the_Dardanelles.png/440px-Bouvet_in_the_Dardanelles.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><i>Bouvet</i> in the Dardanelles in 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in January 1909, with the commissioning of the six <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique-class_battleship" title="République-class battleship"><i>République</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9-class_battleship" title="Liberté-class battleship"><i>Liberté</i>-class battleships</a>, the Mediterranean Squadron was reorganized into two battle squadrons; <i>Bouvet</i> was at that time assigned to the 3rd Division, part of the 2nd Battle Squadron, still the flagship of Marin-Darbel. Her place was taken the following year by <i>Saint Louis</i>, and she remained out of service that year, with the exception of during the fleet maneuvers conducted in June, which she joined. In January 1911, she returned to service as the flagship of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Contre-amiral</i></span> Adam in the 2nd Division of the 2nd Battle Squadron. On 5 October, the fleet was again reorganized and her place in what was now the 3rd Battle Squadron was taken by <i>Charles Martel</i>. On 16 October 1912, <i>Bouvet</i>, <i>Gaulois</i>, <i>Saint Louis</i>, <i>Carnot</i>, <i>Masséna</i>, and <i>Jauréguiberry</i> were activated for training duties as the 3rd Squadron of the Mediterranean Squadron; in July 1913, they were joined by <i>Charlemagne</i>. The squadron was dissolved on 11 November, and <i>Bouvet</i>, <i>Saint Louis</i>, and <i>Gaulois</i> were assigned to the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Division de complément</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Supplementary Division</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). Training activities continued into 1914, and in March, the division joined the rest of the Mediterranean Squadron, which was now re-designated as the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">1<sup>re</sup> Armée Navale</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">First Naval Army</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) for gunnery training off Corsica. Additional maneuvers were conducted beginning on 13 May, during which the fleet visited <a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">French Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_232_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_232-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, France announced general <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilization</a> on 1 August. The next day, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Bou%C3%A9_de_Lapeyr%C3%A8re" title="Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère">Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère</a> ordered the entire French fleet to begin raising steam at 22:15 so the ships could sortie early the following morning. The bulk of the fleet, including the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Division de complément</i></span> (designated as "Group C"), was sent to French North Africa, where they would escort the vital troop <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoys</a> carrying elements of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> from North Africa back to France to counter the expected German invasion. At the time, the division was commanded by <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Contre-amiral</i></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Paul_Amable_Gu%C3%A9pratte" class="mw-redirect" title="Émile Paul Amable Guépratte">Émile Paul Amable Guépratte</a>, and it was tasked with guarding against a possible attack by the German <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/SMS_Goeben" title="SMS Goeben"><i>Goeben</i></a>, which instead <a href="/wiki/Pursuit_of_Goeben_and_Breslau" title="Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau">fled to the Ottoman Empire</a>. <i>Bouvet</i> and her division mates steamed first to Algiers and then <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>. There, they rendezvoused with one of the convoys and covered its voyage north to <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8te" title="Sète">Sète</a> on 6 August. From there, <i>Bouvet</i> and the battleships proceeded on to Toulon, before departing again for Algiers for another escort mission. Once the French Army units had completed their crossing by late August, the Group C ships were tasked with patrolling merchant traffic between Tunis and Sicily to prevent <a href="/wiki/Contraband" title="Contraband">contraband</a> shipments to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_252–254_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_252–254-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November, she and the <a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">armored cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Amiral_Charner" title="French cruiser Amiral Charner"><i>Amiral Charner</i></a> were sent to relieve the British armored cruisers <a href="/wiki/HMS_Black_Prince_(1904)" title="HMS Black Prince (1904)">HMS <i>Black Prince</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(1905)" title="HMS Warrior (1905)">HMS <i>Warrior</i></a> as <a href="/wiki/Guard_ship" title="Guard ship">guard ships</a> at the northern entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_192061,_371_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_192061,_371-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She remained there only briefly, however, before she was ordered north to the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a> to relieve the battleship <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="French battleship Vérité"><i>Vérité</i></a> on 20 December. Over the coming months, the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Triple Entente</a> amassed a large fleet tasked with breaking through the Ottoman defenses that guarded the straits. During this period, before the start of major offensive operations, the Anglo-French fleet alternated between anchorages at <a href="/wiki/Tenedos" title="Tenedos">Tenedos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudros_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudros Bay">Mudros Bay</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a>, and it was tasked with patrolling the entrance to the straits to ensure that <i>Goeben</i>—which had by then been transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Navy" title="Ottoman Navy">Ottoman Navy</a> as <i>Yavuz Sultan Selim</i>—did not attempt to sortie. On 1 February 1915, the ships sailed to <a href="/wiki/Sigri_(village)" title="Sigri (village)">Sigri</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261–262_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261–262-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dardanelles_campaign">Dardanelles campaign</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dardanelles campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign">Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouvet_sinking_March_18_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bouvet_sinking_March_18_1915.jpg/300px-Bouvet_sinking_March_18_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Bouvet_sinking_March_18_1915.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="318" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bouvet_capsizing_March_18_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bouvet_capsizing_March_18_1915.jpg/300px-Bouvet_capsizing_March_18_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bouvet_capsizing_March_18_1915.jpg/450px-Bouvet_capsizing_March_18_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bouvet_capsizing_March_18_1915.jpg/600px-Bouvet_capsizing_March_18_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Top: <i>Bouvet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s last moments after striking a <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a><br />Bottom: <i>Bouvet</i> capsizing</div></div></div></div> <p>By mid-February 1915, the French and British had assembled a fleet of four French and twelve British battleships, including <i>Bouvet</i>, to lead the assault on the Dardanelles. The plan called for Ottoman defenses to be neutralized to allow the fleet to enter the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a> and attack <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> directly. The first stage of the attack began on 19 February, which saw <i>Bouvet</i> and <i>Suffren</i>, together with the British battlecruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Inflexible_(1907)" title="HMS Inflexible (1907)"><i>Inflexible</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">pre-dreadnought battleships</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Albion_(1898)" title="HMS Albion (1898)"><i>Albion</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Triumph_(1903)" title="HMS Triumph (1903)"><i>Triumph</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cornwallis_(1901)" title="HMS Cornwallis (1901)"><i>Cornwallis</i></a>, bombard the coastal defenses protecting the entrance of the straits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921103–105,_142–149_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921103–105,_142–149-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the bombardment, <i>Bouvet</i> assisted the battleship <i>Suffren</i> by sending firing corrections via <a href="/wiki/Wireless_telegraphy" title="Wireless telegraphy">radio</a> while <i>Gaulois</i> provided <a href="/wiki/Counter-battery_fire" title="Counter-battery fire">counter-battery fire</a> to suppress the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Coastal_artillery" title="Coastal artillery">coastal artillery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaresse21–22_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaresse21–22-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another attempt was made six days later, with <i>Bouvet</i> again spotting for <i>Gaulois</i>; this attack was more successful, and the French and British battleships silenced the outer fortresses, allowing <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweepers</a> to enter the area and begin clearing the minefields protecting the straits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921158–161_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921158–161-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French division steamed into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Saros" title="Gulf of Saros">Gulf of Saros</a> on the Aegean coast of the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Peninsula">Gallipoli Peninsula</a> on 1 March to scout Ottoman positions in the area. They then covered the British battleships as they bombarded Ottoman positions in the straits on 5 March, before taking their turn the next day, when they attacked the fortification at <a href="/wiki/Dardanus_(city)" title="Dardanus (city)">Dardanus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 March, the French and British squadrons made another attack on the straits, directed at the inner ring of fortresses that guarded the narrowest part of the Dardanelles. The larger British contingent, commanded by Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/John_de_Robeck" title="John de Robeck">John de Robeck</a>, was to make the initial attack at longer range, led by the powerful <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought_battleship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreadnought battleship">dreadnought battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_(1913)" title="HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913)">HMS <i>Queen Elizabeth</i></a>; once the batteries were reduced, the French ships, under Guépratte, were to enter the straits and attack at closer range. <i>Bouvet</i> and <i>Suffren</i> were to attack the fortresses on the Asian side of the straits, while <i>Gaulois</i> and <i>Charlemagne</i> were to silence the batteries on the European side. Mistakenly believing the Ottoman guns to have been largely neutralized by the British bombardment, Guépratte led his ships to within 9,100 m (10,000 yd) of the inner fortresses and engaged in an artillery duel. <i>Suffren</i> and <i>Bouvet</i> operated as a pair, taking alternating passes at high speed to make it more difficult for the Ottoman gunners to score hits. Nevertheless, by 14:00, <i>Bouvet</i> had taken several hits and two of her casemate guns had been knocked out. A serious fire had also been started on her <a href="/wiki/Bridge_(nautical)" title="Bridge (nautical)">bridge</a>, though she had succeeded in neutralizing the Hamidieh battery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921215–218_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921215–218-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the course of the attack on the fortresses, <i>Bouvet</i> sustained eight hits from Turkish artillery fire. Her forward turret was disabled after the propellant gas extractor broke down.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At around 13:45, de Robeck had ordered Guépratte to withdraw his ships so their British counterparts could take their turn against the Ottoman fortifications. <i>Bouvet</i> was at that time battling the fort at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Namazieh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namazieh (page does not exist)">Namazieh</a>, and her commander, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Capitaine_de_vaisseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitaine de vaisseau">Capitaine de vaisseau</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line_captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship of the line captain">Ship of the line captain</a>) Rageot de la Touche, initially did not respond to Guépratte's instruction to follow <i>Suffren</i> out of the narrows. After Guépratte again ordered him to break off contact, de la Touche turned <i>Bouvet</i> south to withdraw. Shortly thereafter, <i>Bouvet</i> was rocked by a major explosion, followed by a large cloud of red-black smoke; observers aboard the other ships could not immediately tell whether she had been hit by an Ottoman shell, torpedoed by a shore-mounted torpedo battery, or if she had struck a mine. The escorting <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> and picket boats raced to the scene to pick up her crew, but in the span of just two minutes, <i>Bouvet</i> capsized and sank. A total of 75 of her crew were pulled from the water; 24 officers and 619 enlisted men died in the sinking. Most of the survivors were rescued by the British destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Mosquito_(1910)" title="HMS Mosquito (1910)"><i>Mosquito</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921218–219_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921218–219-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was in poor condition at the time due to her age, which likely contributed to her rapid sinking, though there was some speculation that her ammunition magazine exploded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guépratte himself remarked that "that ship must have had poor stability."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later determined that <i>Bouvet</i> had struck a mine,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was part of a field that had been freshly laid a week before the attack, and was unknown to the Allies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffiths84_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffiths84-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the sinking of <i>Bouvet</i>, the first such loss of the day, the British remained unaware of the minefield, thinking the explosion had been caused by a shell or torpedo. Subsequently, two British pre-dreadnoughts, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ocean_(1898)" title="HMS Ocean (1898)"><i>Ocean</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Irresistible_(1898)" title="HMS Irresistible (1898)"><i>Irresistible</i></a>, were sunk and the battlecruiser <i>Inflexible</i> was damaged by the same minefield. <i>Suffren</i> and <i>Gaulois</i> were both badly damaged by coastal artillery during the engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffiths84_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffiths84-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell295_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell295-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loss of <i>Bouvet</i> and the two British battleships during the 18 March attack was a major factor in the decision to abandon a naval strategy to take Constantinople, and instead opt for the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli land campaign</a>. While the Franco-British forces began preparations for the attack, <i>Bouvet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s place in the fleet was filled by <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Henri_IV" title="French battleship Henri IV"><i>Henri IV</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921223–230_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921223–230-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wreck">Wreck</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wreck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 2010s, Turkish marine archaeologists conducted sonar surveys of many of the wrecks from the Dardanelles campaign, including <i>Bouvet</i>. Research on the wrecks had long been difficult, as the area's status as a busy maritime artery and the strong current combine to make diving difficult. The survey of <i>Bouvet</i>, which lies upside down on the sea floor, revealed that a 305 mm shell from an Ottoman shore battery had struck the ship at the <a href="/wiki/Waterline" title="Waterline">waterline</a> amidships on the same side as she struck the mine, which contributed to the fatal flooding that caused her to rapidly capsize and sink.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolay_&_Karakas19–22_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolay_&_Karakas19–22-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse22–23-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse22–23_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell293–294-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell293–294_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, pp. 293–294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERopp223-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERopp223_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRopp">Ropp</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse25,_32-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse25,_32_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 25, 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38–40-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38–40_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 32, 38–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32–33-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32–33_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse38_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell294-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell294_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper805-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper805_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper">Cooper</a>, p. 805.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse33-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse33_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse33_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper804-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper804_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper">Cooper</a>, p. 804.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse34–35-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse34–35_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper803–804-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper803–804_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper">Cooper</a>, pp. 803–804.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32,_38_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 32, 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse35–37-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse35–37_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 35–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–38-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–38_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–38_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–39-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse37–39_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 37–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse32_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce_&_Cogar51-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce_&_Cogar51_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruce_&_Cogar">Bruce & Cogar</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse217–218-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse217–218_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 217–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse218–222-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse218–222_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 218–222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse222–224-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse222–224_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 222–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalmer171-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalmer171_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer">Palmer</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse223-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse223_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_232-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_232_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 229, 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_252–254-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse229,_252–254_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 229, 252–254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_192061,_371-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_192061,_371_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett_1920">Corbett 1920</a>, pp. 61, 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261–262-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261–262_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, pp. 261–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921103–105,_142–149-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921103–105,_142–149_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett_1921">Corbett 1921</a>, pp. 103–105, 142–149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse261_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaresse21–22-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaresse21–22_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaresse">Caresse</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921158–161-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921158–161_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett_1921">Corbett 1921</a>, pp. 158–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan_&_Caresse263_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse">Jordan & Caresse</a>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921215–218-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921215–218_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett_1921">Corbett 1921</a>, pp. 215–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921218–219-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921218–219_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett_1921">Corbett 1921</a>, pp. 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffiths84-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffiths84_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffiths84_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffiths">Griffiths</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell295-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell295_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbell">Campbell</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921223–230-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett_1921223–230_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett_1921">Corbett 1921</a>, pp. 223–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolay_&_Karakas19–22-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolay_&_Karakas19–22_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolay_&_Karakas">Kolay & Karakas</a>, pp. 19–22.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_battleship_Bouvet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bouvet_(ship,_1896)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bouvet (ship, 1896)">Bouvet (ship, 1896)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBruce_&_Cogar" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Anthony & Cogar, William (2014). <i>Encyclopedia of Naval History</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-93534-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-93534-4"><bdi>978-1-135-93534-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Naval+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-135-93534-4&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Cogar%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2"><i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905</i></a></span>. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-133-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-133-5"><bdi>978-0-85177-133-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=France&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1860%E2%80%931905&rft.place=London&rft.pages=283-333&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-85177-133-5&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=N.+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaresse" class="citation book cs1">Caresse, Philippe (2010). "The Drama of the Battleship Suffren". In Jordan, John (ed.). <i>Warship 2010</i>. London: Conway. pp. 9–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-110-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-110-1"><bdi>978-1-84486-110-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Drama+of+the+Battleship+Suffren&rft.btitle=Warship+2010&rft.place=London&rft.pages=9-26&rft.pub=Conway&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84486-110-1&rft.aulast=Caresse&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, George F., ed. (1898). "French Battleship "Bouvet"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute</i>. <b>XXIV</b> (4): 803–805. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-798X">0041-798X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+United+States+Naval+Institute&rft.atitle=French+Battleship+%22Bouvet%22&rft.volume=XXIV&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=803-805&rft.date=1898&rft.issn=0041-798X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett_1920" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Corbett" title="Julian Corbett">Corbett, Julian Stafford</a> (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/navaloperations04corb"><i>Naval Operations: To the Battle of the Falklands, December 1914</i></a>. Vol. I. London: Longmans, Green & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/174823980">174823980</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Operations%3A+To+the+Battle+of+the+Falklands%2C+December+1914&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co.&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F174823980&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Julian+Stafford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnavaloperations04corb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett_1921" class="citation book cs1">Corbett, Julian Stafford (1921). <i>Naval Operations: From the Battle of the Falklands to the Entry of Italy Into the War in May 1915</i>. Vol. II. London: Longmans, Green & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/924170059">924170059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Operations%3A+From+the+Battle+of+the+Falklands+to+the+Entry+of+Italy+Into+the+War+in+May+1915&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co.&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F924170059&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Julian+Stafford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Friedman" title="Norman Friedman">Friedman, Norman</a> (2011). <i>Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory</i>. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-100-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-100-7"><bdi>978-1-84832-100-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Weapons+of+World+War+One%3A+Guns%2C+Torpedoes%2C+Mines+and+ASW+Weapons+of+All+Nations%3B+An+Illustrated+Directory&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-100-7&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths" class="citation book cs1">Griffiths, William R. (2003). <i>The Great War</i>. Garden City Park: <a href="/wiki/Square_One_Publishers" title="Square One Publishers">Square One Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7570-0158-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7570-0158-1"><bdi>978-0-7570-0158-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+War&rft.place=Garden+City+Park&rft.pub=Square+One+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7570-0158-1&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan_&_Caresse" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2017). <i>French Battleships of World War One</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-639-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-639-1"><bdi>978-1-59114-639-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Battleships+of+World+War+One&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-639-1&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Caresse%2C+Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolay_&_Karakas" class="citation journal cs1">Kolay, Selcuk & Karakas, Savas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/underwater/world-warI.pdf">"Echoes from the Deep: Wrecks of the Dardanelles Campaign"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Underwater Cultural Heritage from World War I: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference on the Occasion of the Centenary of World War I</i>. Bruges: UNESCO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Underwater+Cultural+Heritage+from+World+War+I%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Scientific+Conference+on+the+Occasion+of+the+Centenary+of+World+War+I&rft.atitle=Echoes+from+the+Deep%3A+Wrecks+of+the+Dardanelles+Campaign&rft.aulast=Kolay&rft.aufirst=Selcuk&rft.au=Karakas%2C+Savas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Funderwater%2Fworld-warI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer" class="citation journal cs1">Palmer, W., ed. (1908). "France". <i>Hazell's Annual</i>. London: Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/852774696">852774696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hazell%27s+Annual&rft.atitle=France&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F852774696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRopp" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Ropp" title="Theodore Ropp">Ropp, Theodore</a> (1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.). <i>The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-141-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-141-6"><bdi>978-0-87021-141-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+a+Modern+Navy%3A+French+Naval+Policy%2C+1871%E2%80%931904&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-141-6&rft.aulast=Ropp&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+battleship+Bouvet" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=French_battleship_Bouvet&params=40_01_15_N_26_16_30_E_region:TR_source:frwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°01′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°16′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.02083°N 26.27500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.02083; 26.27500</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_battleship_Bouvet" title="Template:French battleship Bouvet"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_battleship_Bouvet" title="Template talk:French battleship Bouvet"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_battleship_Bouvet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French battleship Bouvet"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bouvet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Bouvet</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Bouvet</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Mass%C3%A9na" title="French battleship Masséna"><i>Masséna</i></a></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne-class_battleship" title="Charlemagne-class battleship"><i>Charlemagne</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battleships_of_France" title="List of battleships of France">List of battleships of France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battleships_of_France" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_battleships" title="Template:French battleships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_battleships" title="Template talk:French battleships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_battleships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French battleships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battleships_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_battleships_of_France" title="List of battleships of France">Battleships of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-dreadnought">Pre-dreadnoughts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Brennus" title="French battleship Brennus"><i>Brennus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Charles_Martel" title="French battleship Charles Martel"><i>Charles Martel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Carnot" title="French battleship Carnot"><i>Carnot</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Jaur%C3%A9guiberry" title="French battleship Jauréguiberry"><i>Jauréguiberry</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Mass%C3%A9na" title="French battleship Masséna"><i>Masséna</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Bouvet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne-class_battleship" title="Charlemagne-class battleship"><i>Charlemagne</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_I%C3%A9na" title="French battleship Iéna"><i>Iéna</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Suffren" title="French battleship Suffren"><i>Suffren</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique-class_battleship" title="République-class battleship"><i>République</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9-class_battleship" title="Liberté-class battleship"><i>Liberté</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danton-class_battleship" title="Danton-class battleship"><i>Danton</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnoughts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courbet-class_battleship" title="Courbet-class battleship"><i>Courbet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretagne-class_battleship" title="Bretagne-class battleship"><i>Bretagne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandie-class_battleship" title="Normandie-class battleship"><i>Normandie</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon-class_battleship" title="Lyon-class battleship"><i>Lyon</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fast_battleship" title="Fast battleship">Fast battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunkerque-class_battleship" title="Dunkerque-class battleship"><i>Dunkerque</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richelieu-class_battleship" title="Richelieu-class battleship"><i>Richelieu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace-class_battleship" title="Alsace-class battleship"><i>Alsace</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_I" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWI_French_ships" title="Template:WWI French ships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWI_French_ships" title="Template talk:WWI French ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWI_French_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWI French ships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_I" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French naval ship classes of World War I</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courbet-class_battleship" title="Courbet-class battleship"><i>Courbet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretagne-class_battleship" title="Bretagne-class battleship"><i>Bretagne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandie-class_battleship" title="Normandie-class battleship"><i>Normandie</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon-class_battleship" title="Lyon-class battleship"><i>Lyon</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">Pre-dreadnought battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Jaur%C3%A9guiberry" title="French battleship Jauréguiberry"><i>Jauréguiberry</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Bouvet</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne-class_battleship" title="Charlemagne-class battleship"><i>Charlemagne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Suffren" title="French battleship Suffren"><i>Suffren</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique-class_battleship" title="République-class battleship"><i>République</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9-class_battleship" title="Liberté-class battleship"><i>Liberté</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danton-class_battleship" title="Danton-class battleship"><i>Danton</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coast_defense_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast defense ship">Coast defense ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Henri_IV" title="French battleship Henri IV"><i>Henri IV</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">Armoured cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Dupuy_de_L%C3%B4me" title="French cruiser Dupuy de Lôme"><i>Dupuy de Lôme</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiral_Charner-class_cruiser" title="Amiral Charner-class cruiser"><i>Amiral Charner</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Pothuau" title="French cruiser Pothuau"><i>Pothuau</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Jeanne_d%27Arc_(1899)" title="French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (1899)"><i>Jeanne d'Arc</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueydon-class_cruiser" title="Gueydon-class cruiser"><i>Gueydon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupleix-class_cruiser" title="Dupleix-class cruiser"><i>Dupleix</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloire-class_cruiser" title="Gloire-class cruiser"><i>Gloire</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta-class_cruiser" title="Léon Gambetta-class cruiser"><i>Léon Gambetta</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Jules_Michelet" title="French cruiser Jules Michelet"><i>Jules Michelet</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Ernest_Renan" title="French cruiser Ernest Renan"><i>Ernest Renan</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet-class_cruiser" title="Edgar Quinet-class cruiser"><i>Edgar Quinet</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">Protected cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Amiral_C%C3%A9cille" title="French cruiser Amiral Cécille"><i>Amiral Cécille</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbin-class_cruiser" title="Forbin-class cruiser"><i>Forbin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troude-class_cruiser" title="Troude-class cruiser"><i>Troude</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friant-class_cruiser" title="Friant-class cruiser"><i>Friant</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linois-class_cruiser" title="Linois-class cruiser"><i>Linois</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descartes-class_cruiser" title="Descartes-class cruiser"><i>Descartes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Assas-class_cruiser" title="D'Assas-class cruiser"><i>D'Assas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_D%27Entrecasteaux" title="French cruiser D'Entrecasteaux"><i>D'Entrecasteaux</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Guichen_(1897)" title="French cruiser Guichen (1897)"><i>Guichen</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Ch%C3%A2teaurenault_(1898)" title="French cruiser Châteaurenault (1898)"><i>Châteaurenault</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Estr%C3%A9es-class_cruiser" title="D'Estrées-class cruiser"><i>D'Estrées</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Jurien_de_la_Gravi%C3%A8re" title="French cruiser Jurien de la Gravière"><i>Jurien de la Gravière</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Motte-Picquet-class_cruiser" title="La Motte-Picquet-class cruiser"><i>La Motte-Picquet</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durandal-class_destroyer" title="Durandal-class destroyer"><i>Durandal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fram%C3%A9e-class_destroyer" title="Framée-class destroyer"><i>Framée</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertuisane-class_destroyer" title="Pertuisane-class destroyer"><i>Pertuisane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arquebuse-class_destroyer" title="Arquebuse-class destroyer"><i>Arquebuse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claymore-class_destroyer" title="Claymore-class destroyer"><i>Claymore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branlebas-class_destroyer" title="Branlebas-class destroyer"><i>Branlebas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spahi-class_destroyer" title="Spahi-class destroyer"><i>Spahi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltigeur-class_destroyer" title="Voltigeur-class destroyer"><i>Voltigeur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasseur-class_destroyer" title="Chasseur-class destroyer"><i>Chasseur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouclier-class_destroyer" title="Bouclier-class destroyer"><i>Bouclier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisson-class_destroyer" title="Bisson-class destroyer"><i>Bisson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enseigne_Roux-class_destroyer" title="Enseigne Roux-class destroyer"><i>Enseigne Roux</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Enseigne_Gabolde" title="French destroyer Enseigne Gabolde"><i>Enseigne Gabolde</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M89-class_destroyer" title="M89-class destroyer"><i>M89</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurier-class_destroyer" title="Aventurier-class destroyer"><i>Aventurier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabe-class_destroyer" title="Arabe-class destroyer"><i>Arabe</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir%C3%A8ne-class_submarine_(1901)" title="Sirène-class submarine (1901)"><i>Sirène</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigrette-class_submarine" title="Aigrette-class submarine"><i>Aigrette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Argonaute_(1905)" title="French submarine Argonaute (1905)"><i>Argonaute</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89meraude-class_submarine_(1906)" title="Émeraude-class submarine (1906)"><i>Émeraude</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circ%C3%A9-class_submarine_(1907)" title="Circé-class submarine (1907)"><i>Circé</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluvi%C3%B4se-class_submarine" title="Pluviôse-class submarine"><i>Pluviôse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumaire-class_submarine" title="Brumaire-class submarine"><i>Brumaire</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Archim%C3%A8de_(1909)" title="French submarine Archimède (1909)"><i>Archimède</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Mariotte" title="French submarine Mariotte"><i>Mariotte</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Amiral_Bourgois" title="French submarine Amiral Bourgois"><i>Amiral Bourgois</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Charles_Brun" title="French submarine Charles Brun"><i>Charles Brun</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorinde-class_submarine" title="Clorinde-class submarine"><i>Clorinde</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Z%C3%A9d%C3%A9-class_submarine" title="Gustave Zédé-class submarine"><i>Gustave Zédé</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite-class_submarine" title="Amphitrite-class submarine"><i>Amphitrite</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellone-class_submarine" title="Bellone-class submarine"><i>Bellone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupuy_de_L%C3%B4me-class_submarine" title="Dupuy de Lôme-class submarine"><i>Dupuy de Lôme</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane-class_submarine_(1916)" title="Diane-class submarine (1916)"><i>Diane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joessel-class_submarine" title="Joessel-class submarine"><i>Joessel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagrange-class_submarine" title="Lagrange-class submarine"><i>Lagrange</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armide-class_submarine" title="Armide-class submarine"><i>Armide</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Byrne-class_submarine" title="O'Byrne-class submarine"><i>O'Byrne</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaplane carrier">Seaplane carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_seaplane_carrier_Foudre" title="French seaplane carrier Foudre"><i>Foudre</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>S</dt> <dd>Single ship of class</dd> <dt>C</dt> <dd>Completed after the war</dd> <dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_March_1915" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:March_1915_shipwrecks" title="Template:March 1915 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:March_1915_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:March 1915 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:March_1915_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:March 1915 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_March_1915" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in March 1915</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_March_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in March 1915">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">4 Mar <a href="/wiki/SM_U-8" title="SM U-8"><i>U-8</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Mar <a href="/wiki/SS_Bengrove" title="SS Bengrove"><i>Bengrove</i></a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SM_U-12_(Germany)" title="SM U-12 (Germany)"><i>U-12</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Mar: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bayano_(1913)" title="HMS Bayano (1913)">HMS <i>Bayano</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Dresden_(1907)" title="SMS Dresden (1907)"><i>Dresden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Mar: <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Bouvet</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Glenartney_(1911)" title="SS Glenartney (1911)"><i>Glenartney</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Irresistible_(1898)" title="HMS Irresistible (1898)">HMS <i>Irresistible</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ocean_(1898)" title="HMS Ocean (1898)">HMS <i>Ocean</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SM_U-29_(Germany)" title="SM U-29 (Germany)"><i>U-29</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Mar: <a href="/wiki/USS_F-4" title="USS F-4">USS <i>F-4</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Tamar_(1902)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Tamar (1902) (page does not exist)"><i>Tamar</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SS_Aguila_(1909)" title="SS Aguila (1909)"><i>Aguila</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SS_Falaba" title="SS Falaba"><i>Falaba</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">5 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SS_Dongola" title="SS Dongola"><i>Dongola</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Espagne_(Anversois,_1909)" title="SS Espagne (Anversois, 1909)"><i>Espagne</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 Mar: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Nymphe_(1911)" title="HMS Nymphe (1911)">HMS <i>Nymphe</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Mar: <a href="/wiki/French_battleship_Gaulois" title="French battleship Gaulois"><i>Gaulois</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Inflexible_(1907)" title="HMS Inflexible (1907)">HMS <i>Inflexible</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Mar: <a href="/wiki/Thrasher_incident" title="Thrasher incident">Thrasher incident</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">31 Mar: <a href="/wiki/SS_Santhia" title="SS Santhia"><i>Santhia</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1914" title="List of shipwrecks in 1914">1914</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1914" title="List of shipwrecks in 1914"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in 1915">1915</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1916" title="List of shipwrecks in 1916"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1916" title="List of shipwrecks in 1916">1916</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_February_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in February 1915">February 1915</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_February_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in February 1915"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in April 1915"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in April 1915">April 1915</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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