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class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> or the <a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style>The Council of Europe (CoE; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an <a href="/wiki/International_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="International organisation">international organisation</a> with the goal of upholding <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Law_in_Europe" title="Law in Europe">rule of law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Founded in 1949, it is Europe's oldest intergovernmental organisation, representing 46 member states<a href="#cite_note-MemberStates-2">[2]</a> from Europe,<a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a> with a population of approximately 675 million as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit">[update]</a>; it operates with an annual budget of approximately 500 million <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Council of Europe</div><div class="ib-country-names">Conseil de l'Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of CoE"><img alt="Flag of CoE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/125px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/188px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/250px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_Europe_logo_(2013_revised_version).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of CoE"><img alt="Logo of CoE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ee/Council_of_Europe_logo_%282013_revised_version%29.svg/85px-Council_of_Europe_logo_%282013_revised_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ee/Council_of_Europe_logo_%282013_revised_version%29.svg/128px-Council_of_Europe_logo_%282013_revised_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ee/Council_of_Europe_logo_%282013_revised_version%29.svg/170px-Council_of_Europe_logo_%282013_revised_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="89" data-file-height="71"></a></div> <div>Logo</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:CoE_members_2024.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of CoE"><img alt="Location of CoE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/CoE_members_2024.png/250px-CoE_members_2024.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/CoE_members_2024.png/375px-CoE_members_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/CoE_members_2024.png/500px-CoE_members_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="1080"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a>, Strasbourg, France</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional</a> <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organisation">intergovernmental organisation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">46 member states</a><a href="#cite_note-MemberStates-2">[2]</a></li><li>5 Council observers<a href="#cite_note-MemberStates-2">[2]</a></li><li>3 Assembly observers</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Alain Berset</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Deputy Secretary General </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bj%C3%B8rn_Berge_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bjørn Berge (politician) (page does not exist)">Bjørn Berge</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• President of the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Roussopoulos" title="Theodoros Roussopoulos">Theodoros Roussopoulos</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• President of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bettel" title="Xavier Bettel">Xavier Bettel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• President of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Local_and_Regional_Authorities" title="Congress of Local and Regional Authorities">Congress of Local and Regional Authorities</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Cools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Cools (page does not exist)">Marc Cools</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Statute of the Council of Europe">Treaty of London</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">May 5, 1949 (1949-05-05)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/">coe.int</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The organisation is distinct from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU), although people sometimes confuse the two organisations – partly because the EU has adopted the original <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">European flag</a>, designed for the Council of Europe in 1955,<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">European anthem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> No country has ever joined the EU without first belonging to the Council of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> The Council of Europe is an official <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">United Nations observer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> Unlike the EU, the Council of Europe cannot make binding laws; however, the council has produced a number of international treaties, including the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, ECHR) of 1953.</a> Provisions from the convention are incorporated in domestic law in many participating countries.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> The best-known body of the Council of Europe is the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, which rules on alleged violations of the ECHR.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> The council's two statutory bodies are the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee of Ministers">Committee of Ministers</a>, which comprises the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign ministers</a> of each member state, and the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> (PACE), which is composed of members of the national parliaments of each member state.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a> is an institution within the Council of Europe, mandated to promote awareness of and respect for human rights within the member states. The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">secretary general</a> presides over the secretariat of the organisation. Other major CoE bodies include the <a href="/wiki/European_Directorate_for_the_Quality_of_Medicines" class="mw-redirect" title="European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines">European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare</a> (EDQM)<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Audiovisual_Observatory" title="European Audiovisual Observatory">European Audiovisual Observatory</a>. The headquarters of the Council of Europe, as well as its Court of Human Rights, are situated in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, France. The Council uses <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> as its two <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official languages</a>. The Committee of Ministers, the PACE, and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress of the Council of Europe</a> also use <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> for some of their work.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Founding">1.1 Founding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_years">1.2 Early years</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Historic_speeches_at_the_Council_of_Europe">1.3 Historic speeches at the Council of Europe</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Aims_and_achievement">2 Aims and achievement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Institutions">3 Institutions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Partial_Agreements">3.1 Partial Agreements</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Summits">3.2 Summits</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Headquarters_and_buildings">3.3 Headquarters and buildings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Member_states,_observers,_partners">4 Member states, observers, partners</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Eligibility">4.1 Eligibility</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Member_states_and_observers">4.2 Member states and observers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Withdrawal,_suspension,_and_expulsion">4.3 Withdrawal, suspension, and expulsion</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Suspension_and_exclusion_of_Russia">4.3.1 Suspension and exclusion of Russia</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Co-operation">5 Co-operation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Conventions:_European_Treaty_Series">5.1 Conventions: European Treaty Series</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Non-member_states">5.2 Non-member states</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#European_Union">5.3 European Union</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Schools_of_Political_Studies">5.4 Schools of Political Studies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#United_Nations">5.5 United Nations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Non-governmental_organisations">5.6 Non-governmental organisations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Others">5.7 Others</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Characteristics">6 Characteristics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Privileges_and_immunities">6.1 Privileges and immunities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Symbol_and_anthem">6.2 Symbol and anthem</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Criticism_and_controversies">7 Criticism and controversies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#%22Caviar_diplomacy%22_scandal">7.1 "Caviar diplomacy" scandal</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Footnotes">9.1 Footnotes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#References">9.2 References</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Further_reading">10 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg/170px-Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="956"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 212px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg/170px-Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="212" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg/255px-Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg/340px-Palais_Universitaire_de_Strasbourg-10_ao%C3%BBt_1949.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Plaque commemorating the first session of the Council of Europe Assembly at <a href="/wiki/Palais_Universitaire,_Strasbourg" title="Palais Universitaire, Strasbourg">Strasbourg University</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In a speech in 1929, French Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> floated the idea of an organisation which would gather European nations together in a "federal union" to resolve common problems.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> The United Kingdom's wartime Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> first publicly suggested the creation of a "Council of Europe" in a BBC radio broadcast on 21 March 1943,<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> while the Second World War was still raging. In his own words,<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> he tried to "peer through the mists of the future to the end of the war", and think about how to rebuild and maintain peace on a shattered continent. Given that Europe had been at the origin of two world wars, the creation of such a body would be, he suggested, "a stupendous business". He returned to the idea during a well-known speech at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a> on 19 September 1946,<a href="#cite_note-COE_Churchill-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-ENA_Churchill-20">[18]</a> throwing the full weight of his considerable post-war prestige behind it. Additionally, there were also many other statesmen and politicians across the continent, many of them members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Movement_International" title="European Movement International">European Movement</a>, who were quietly working towards the creation of the council. Some regarded it as a guarantee that the horrors of war – or the human rights violations of the Nazi regime – could never again be visited on the continent, others came to see it as a "club of democracies", built around a set of common values that could stand as a bulwark against totalitarian states belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>. Others again saw it as a nascent "United States of Europe", the resonant phrase that Churchill had reached for at Zurich in 1946. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002,_Stra%C3%9Fburg,_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="583"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F023908-0002%2C_Stra%C3%9Fburg%2C_Tagung_des_Europarates.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Session of the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly in the former <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">House of Europe</a> in Strasbourg in 1967. <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">German Minister for Foreign Affairs</a>, is speaking.</figcaption></figure> The future structure of the Council of Europe was discussed at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Europe" title="Congress of Europe">Congress of Europe</a>, which brought together several hundred leading politicians, government representatives and members of civil society in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands, in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-:2-21">[19]</a> Responding to the conclusions of the Congress of Europe, the Consultative Council of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels" title="Treaty of Brussels">Treaty of Brussels</a> convened a Committee for the Study of European Unity, which met eight times from November 1948 to January 1949 to draw up the blueprint of a new broad-based European organisation.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> There were two competing schools of thought: some favoured a classical international organisation with representatives of governments, while others preferred a political forum with parliamentarians. Both approaches were finally combined through the creation of a Committee of Ministers (in which governments were represented) and a Consultative Assembly (in which parliaments were represented), the two main bodies mentioned in the Statute of the Council of Europe. This dual intergovernmental and inter-parliamentary structure was later copied for the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities" title="European Communities">European Communities</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> The Council of Europe was signed into existence on 5 May 1949 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of London (1949)">Treaty of London</a>, the organisation's founding Statute which set out the three basic values that should guide its work: democracy, human rights and the rule of law.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> It was signed in London on that day by ten states: <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, though <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> joined three months later. On 10 August 1949, 100 members of the council's Consultative Assembly, parliamentarians drawn from the twelve member nations, met in Strasbourg for its first plenary session, held over 18 sittings and lasting nearly a month. They debated how to reconcile and reconstruct a continent still reeling from war, yet already facing a new East–West divide, launched the radical concept of a trans-national court to protect the basic human rights of every citizen, and took the first steps in a process that would eventually lead to the creation of an offshoot organisation, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> In August 1949, <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a> resigned as Belgium's foreign minister in order to be elected as the first president of the assembly. Behind the scenes, he too had been quietly working towards the creation of the council, and played a key role in steering its early work. However, in December 1951, after nearly three years in the role, Spaak resigned in disappointment after the Assembly rejected proposals for a "European political authority".<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> Convinced that the Council of Europe was never going to be in a position to achieve his long-term goal of a unified Europe,<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> he soon tried again in a new and more promising format, based this time on economic integration, becoming one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There was huge enthusiasm for the Council of Europe in its early years, as its pioneers set about drafting what was to become the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, a charter of individual rights which – it was hoped – no member government could ever again violate. They drew, in part, on the tenets of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>, signed only a few months earlier in Paris. But crucially, where the Universal Declaration was essentially aspirational, the European Convention from the beginning featured an enforcement mechanism – an international Court – which was to adjudicate on alleged violations of its articles and to hold governments to account, a dramatic leap forward for international justice. Today, this is the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, whose rulings are binding on 46 European nations, the most far-reaching system of international justice anywhere in the world. One of the council's first acts was to welcome <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> into its fold on 2 May 1951,<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> setting a pattern of post-war reconciliation that was to become a hallmark of the council, and beginning a long process of "enlargement" which was to see the organisation grow from its original ten founding member states to the 46 nations that make up the Council of Europe today.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> Iceland had already joined in 1950, followed in 1956 by Austria, Cyprus in 1961, Switzerland in 1963 and Malta in 1965. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_speeches_at_the_Council_of_Europe">Historic speeches at the Council of Europe</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historic speeches at the Council of Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg/220px-Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="644"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 202px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg/220px-Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="202" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg/330px-Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg/440px-Churchill_Tha_Hague_1948.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>'s inaugural speech of the Council of Europe in The Hague</figcaption></figure> In 2018, an archive of all speeches made to the PACE by heads of state or government since the Council of Europe's creation in 1949 appeared online, the fruit of a two-year project entitled "Voices of Europe".<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> At the time of its launch,<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> the archive comprised 263 speeches delivered over a 70-year period by some 216 presidents, prime ministers, monarchs and religious leaders from 45 countries – though it continues to expand, as new speeches are added every few months. Some very early speeches by individuals considered to be "founding figures" of the European institutions, even if they were not heads of state or government at the time, are also included (such as Sir <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> or <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a>). Addresses by eight monarchs appear in the list (such as King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">Juan Carlos I of Spain</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">Albert II of Belgium</a> and Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri of Luxembourg</a>) as well as the speeches given by religious figures (such as <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>) and several leaders from countries in the Middle East and North Africa (such as <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a> or King <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">Hussein of Jordan</a>). The full text of the speeches is given in both English and French, regardless of the original language used. The archive is searchable by country, by name, and chronologically.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Aims_and_achievement">Aims and achievement</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aims and achievement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Article 1(a) of the Statute states that "The aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members for the purpose of safeguarding and realising the ideals and principles which are their common heritage and facilitating their economic and social progress."<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> Membership is open to all European states who seek harmony, cooperation, good governance and human rights, accepting the principle of the rule of law and are able and willing to guarantee democracy, fundamental human rights and freedoms. Whereas the member states of the European Union transfer part of their national legislative and executive powers to the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, Council of Europe member states maintain their sovereignty but commit themselves through conventions/treaties (<a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>) and co-operate on the basis of common values and common political decisions. Those conventions and decisions are developed by the member states working together at the Council of Europe. Both organisations function as concentric circles around the common foundations for European cooperation and harmony, with the Council of Europe being the geographically wider circle. The European Union could be seen as the smaller circle with a much higher level of integration through the transfer of powers from the national to the EU level. "The Council of Europe and the European Union: different roles, shared values."<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> Council of Europe conventions/treaties are also open for signature to non-member states, thus facilitating equal co-operation with countries outside Europe. The Council of Europe's most famous achievement is the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, which was adopted in 1950 following a report by the PACE, and followed on from the United Nations '<a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>' (UDHR).<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> The Convention created the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> in Strasbourg. The Court supervises compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights and thus functions as the highest European court. It is to this court that Europeans can bring cases if they believe that a member country has violated their fundamental rights and freedoms. The various activities and achievements of the Council of Europe can be found in detail on its official website. The Council of Europe works in the following areas: <ul><li>Protection of the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a> and fostering legal co-operation through some 200 conventions and other treaties,<a href="#cite_note-auto-37">[35]</a> including such leading instruments as the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Cybercrime" title="Convention on Cybercrime">Convention on Cybercrime</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Terrorism" title="Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism">Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism</a>, Conventions against Corruption and Organised Crime,<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Action_against_Trafficking_in_Human_Beings" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings">Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Human_Rights_and_Dignity_of_the_Human_Being_with_regard_to_the_Application_of_Biology_and_Medicine" title="Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine">Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-37">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CODEXTER" class="mw-redirect" title="CODEXTER">CODEXTER</a>, designed to co-ordinate counter-terrorism measures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice_(CEPEJ)" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ)">The European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ)</a></li> <li>Protection of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, notably through: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_the_Prevention_of_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="European Committee for the Prevention of Torture">European Committee for the Prevention of Torture</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">European Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Action_against_Trafficking_in_Human_Beings" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings">Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_protection_of_individuals_with_regard_to_automatic_processing_of_personal_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention for the protection of individuals with regard to automatic processing of personal data">Convention for the protection of individuals with regard to automatic processing of personal data</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Protection_of_Children_against_Sexual_Exploitation_and_Sexual_Abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse">Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-37">[35]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_preventing_and_combating_violence_against_women_and_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence">Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a></li> <li>social rights under the <a href="/wiki/European_Social_Charter" title="European Social Charter">European Social Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Charter_of_Local_Self-Government" title="European Charter of Local Self-Government">European Charter of Local Self-Government</a> guaranteeing the political, administrative and financial independence of <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local authorities</a>.</li> <li>linguistic rights under the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a></li> <li>minority rights under the <a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities" title="Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities">Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Media freedom</a> under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Convention_on_Transfrontier_Television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Convention on Transfrontier Television (page does not exist)">European Convention on Transfrontier Television</a></li></ul></li> <li>Protection of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> through parliamentary scrutiny and <a href="/wiki/Election_monitoring" title="Election monitoring">election monitoring</a> by its Parliamentary Assembly as well as assistance in democratic reforms, in particular by the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a>.</li> <li>Promotion of cultural cooperation and diversity under the Council of Europe's <a href="/wiki/European_Cultural_Convention" title="European Cultural Convention">Cultural Convention</a> of 1954 and several conventions on the protection of cultural heritage as well as through its Centre for Modern Languages in <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Austria, and its <a href="/wiki/North-South_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="North-South Centre">North-South Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal.</li> <li>Promotion of the right to education under Article 2 of the first Protocol to the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> and several conventions on the recognition of university studies and diplomas (see also <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Recognition_Convention" title="Lisbon Recognition Convention">Lisbon Recognition Convention</a>).</li> <li>Promotion of fair sport through the <a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency#Council_of_Europe_Anti-Doping_Convention" title="World Anti-Doping Agency">Anti-Doping Convention</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a></li> <li>Promotion of European youth exchanges and cooperation through European Youth Centres in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary.</li> <li>Promotion of the quality of medicines throughout Europe by the <a href="/wiki/European_Directorate_for_the_Quality_of_Medicines" class="mw-redirect" title="European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines">European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines</a> and its <a href="/wiki/European_Pharmacopoeia" title="European Pharmacopoeia">European Pharmacopoeia</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Support for intercultural integration through the Intercultural Cities (ICC) program. This program offers information and advice for local authorities on the integration of minorities and the prevention of discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> The institutions of the Council of Europe are: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a>, who is elected for a term of five years by the PACE and heads the Secretariat of the Council of Europe. Thorbjørn Jagland, the former Prime Minister of Norway, was elected Secretary General of the Council of Europe on 29 September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> In June 2014, he became the first Secretary General to be re-elected, commencing his second term in office on 1 October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Committee_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Europe Committee of Ministers">Committee of Ministers</a>, comprising the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of all 46 member states who are represented by their <a href="/wiki/Ministers_Deputies" title="Ministers Deputies">Permanent Representatives and Ambassadors</a> accredited to the Council of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Committee of Ministers' presidencies are held in alphabetical order for six months following the English alphabet: <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> 11/2010-05/2011, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> 05/2011-11/2011, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> 11/2011-05/2012, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> 05/2012-11/2012, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> 11/2012-05/2013, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> 05/2013-11/2013, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> 11/2013-05/2014, and so on.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG/300px-Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4889" data-file-height="3237"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 199px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG/300px-Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG" data-width="300" data-height="199" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG/450px-Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG/600px-Plenary_chamber_of_the_Council_of_Europe%27s_Palace_of_Europe_2014_01.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Council's <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a> hemicycle</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> (PACE), which comprises national parliamentarians from all member states.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Adopting resolutions and recommendations to governments, the Assembly holds a dialogue with its governmental counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a>, and is often regarded as the "motor" of the organisation. The national parliamentary delegations to the Assembly must reflect the political spectrum of their national parliament, i.e. comprise government and opposition parties. The Assembly appoints members as rapporteurs with the mandate to prepare parliamentary reports on specific subjects. The British MP <a href="/wiki/Sir_David_Maxwell-Fyfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe">Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe</a> was rapporteur for the drafting of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Marty" title="Dick Marty">Dick Marty</a>'s reports on secret <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> detentions and rendition flights in Europe became quite famous in 2006 and 2007. Other Assembly reports were instrumental in, for example, the abolition of the death penalty in Europe, highlighting the political and human rights situation in <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a>, identifying who was responsible for disappeared persons in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, chronicling threats to freedom of expression in the media and many other subjects.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Local_and_Regional_Authorities" title="Congress of Local and Regional Authorities">Congress of Local and Regional Authorities</a>, which was created in 1994 and comprises political representatives from local and regional authorities in all member states. The most influential instruments of the Council of Europe in this field are the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_of_Local_Self-Government" title="European Charter of Local Self-Government">European Charter of Local Self-Government</a> of 1985 and the European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities of 1980.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, created under the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> of 1950, is composed of a judge from each member state elected for a single, non-renewable term of nine years by the PACE and is headed by the elected president of the court.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> The current president of the court is Guido Raimondi from Italy. Under the recent Protocol No. 14 to the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, the Court's case processing was reformed and streamlined. Ratification of Protocol No. 14 was delayed by Russia for a number of years, but won support to be passed in January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a> is elected by the PACE for a non-renewable term of six years since the creation of this position in 1999. Since April 2024, this position has been held by <a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Flaherty" title="Michael O'Flaherty">Michael O'Flaherty</a> from Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a></li> <li>The Conference of INGOs.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> NGOs can participate in the <a href="/wiki/INGOs_Conference_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="INGOs Conference of the Council of Europe">INGOs Conference of the Council of Europe</a>. Since the [Resolution (2003)8] adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 November 2003, they are given a "participatory status".<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a></li> <li>The Joint Council on Youth of the Council of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> The European Steering Committee (CDEJ) on Youth and the <a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_Youth" title="Advisory Council on Youth">Advisory Council on Youth</a> (CCJ) of the Council of Europe form together the Joint Council on Youth (CMJ). The CDEJ brings together representatives of ministries or bodies responsible for youth matters from the 50 States Parties to the European Cultural Convention. The CDEJ fosters cooperation between governments in the youth sector and provides a framework for comparing national youth policies, exchanging best practices and drafting standard-setting texts.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> The Advisory Council on Youth comprises 30 representatives of non-governmental youth organisations and networks. It provides opinions and input from youth NGOs on all youth sector activities and ensures that young people are involved in the council's other activities.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a></li> <li>Information Offices of the Council of Europe in many member states.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-FR-AL-67@Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg/220px-EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg/220px-EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg/330px-EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg/440px-EU-FR-AL-67%40Strasbourg-Pharmacop%C3%A9e_europ%C3%A9enne_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/European_Directorate_for_the_Quality_of_Medicines" class="mw-redirect" title="European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines">European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partial_Agreements">Partial Agreements</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Partial Agreements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The CoE system also includes a number of semi-autonomous structures known as "<a href="/wiki/Partial_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial Agreement">Partial Agreements</a>", some of which are also open to non-member states: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Development_Bank" title="Council of Europe Development Bank">Council of Europe Development Bank</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/European_Directorate_for_the_Quality_of_Medicines" class="mw-redirect" title="European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines">European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines</a> with its <a href="/wiki/European_Pharmacopoeia" title="European Pharmacopoeia">European Pharmacopoeia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/European_Audiovisual_Observatory" title="European Audiovisual Observatory">European Audiovisual Observatory</a></li> <li>The European Support Fund <a href="/wiki/Eurimages" title="Eurimages">Eurimages</a> for the co-production and distribution of films.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a></li> <li>The Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes, which awards the certification "<a href="/wiki/Cultural_Route_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Cultural Route of the Council of Europe">Cultural Route of the Council of Europe</a>" to transnational networks promoting European heritage and intercultural dialogue (Luxembourg)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a> – Cooperation Group to Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a></li> <li>The European Commission for Democracy through Law, better known as the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Group_of_States_Against_Corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of States Against Corruption">Group of States Against Corruption</a> (GRECO)</li> <li>The European and Mediterranean <a href="/wiki/EUR-OPA_Major_Hazards_Agreement" title="EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement">Major Hazards Agreement (EUR-OPA)</a> which is a platform for cooperation between European and Southern Mediterranean countries in the field of major natural and technological disasters.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a></li> <li>The Enlarged Partial Agreement on Sport, which is open to accession by states and sports associations.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/North-South_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="North-South Centre">North-South Centre</a> of the Council of Europe in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> (Portugal)</li> <li>The Centre for Modern Languages is in <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a> (Austria)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Register_of_Damage_for_Ukraine" title="Register of Damage for Ukraine">Register of Damage for Ukraine</a>, a register for Ukrainians to seek compensation for damages from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summits">Summits</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Summits" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Occasionally the Council of Europe organizes summits of the heads of state and government of its member states. Four summits have been held to date with the fourth concluding on 17 May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-abc20230516-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Overview of Council of Europe summits </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Host country </th> <th scope="col">Host city </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">8–9 October 1993 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">10–11 October 1997 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">16–17 May 2005 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">16–17 May 2023 </td> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headquarters_and_buildings">Headquarters and buildings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Headquarters and buildings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/European_Institutions_in_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="European Institutions in Strasbourg">European Institutions in Strasbourg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG/220px-Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2619" data-file-height="1746"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG/220px-Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG/330px-Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG/440px-Council_of_Europe_Palais_de_l%27Europe_aerial_view.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial shot of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a> in Strasbourg</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG/220px-Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4851" data-file-height="3213"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG/220px-Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG/330px-Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG/440px-Council_of_Europe_Agora_building_in_Strasbourg.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Council of Europe's Agora building</figcaption></figure> The seat of the Council of Europe is in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, France. First meetings were held in Strasbourg's <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University</a> Palace in 1949,<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> but the Council of Europe soon moved into its own buildings. The Council of Europe's eight main buildings are situated in the Quartier européen, an area in the northeast of Strasbourg spread over the three districts of Le Wacken, La Robertsau and Quartier de l'Orangerie, where are also located the four buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Parliament_in_Strasbourg" title="Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg">seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a> headquarters and the seat of the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Human_Rights" title="International Institute of Human Rights">International Institute of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Building in the area started in 1949 with the predecessor of the Palais de l'Europe, the House of Europe (demolished in 1977), and came to a provisional end in 2007 with the opening of the New General Office Building, later named "Agora", in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> The Palais de l'Europe (<a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Europe" title="Palace of Europe">Palace of Europe</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> Villa Schutzenberger (seat of the <a href="/wiki/European_Audiovisual_Observatory" title="European Audiovisual Observatory">European Audiovisual Observatory</a>) are in the Orangerie district, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, the EDQM and the Agora Building are in the Robertsau district. The Agora building has been voted "best international business centre real estate project of 2007" on 13 March 2008, at the MIPIM 2008.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> The European Youth Centre is located in the Wacken district. Besides its headquarters in Strasbourg, the Council of Europe is also present in other cities and countries. The Council of Europe Development Bank has its seat in Paris, the <a href="/wiki/North-South_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="North-South Centre">North-South Centre</a> of the Council of Europe is established in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal, and the Centre for Modern Languages is in <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Austria. There are <a href="/wiki/European_Youth_Centres" title="European Youth Centres">European Youth Centres</a> in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary, and in Strasbourg. The European Wergeland Centre, a new Resource Centre on education for intercultural dialogue, human rights and democratic citizenship, operated in cooperation with the Norwegian Government, opened in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway, in February 2009.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> The Council of Europe has external offices all over the European continent and beyond. There are four 'Programme Offices', namely in Ankara, Podgorica, Skopje, and Venice. There are also 'Council of Europe Offices' in Baku, Belgrade, Chisinau, Kyiv, Paris, Pristina, Sarajevo, Tbilisi, Tirana, and <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Office_(Armenia)" title="Council of Europe Office (Armenia)">Yerevan</a>. Bucharest has a Council of Europe Office on Cybercrime. There are also Council of Europe Offices in non-European capital cities like Rabat and Tunis.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-74">[72]</a> Additionally, there are 4 "Council of Europe Liaison Offices", this includes: <ul><li>Council of Europe Liaison Office in Brussels: The office is in charge of liaison with the European Union</li> <li>Council of Europe Office in Geneva: Permanent Delegation of the Council of Europe to the United Nations Office and other international organisations in Geneva</li> <li>Council of Europe Office in Vienna: The office is in charge of liaison with the <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a>, United Nations Office, and other international organisations in Vienna</li> <li>Council of Europe Office in Warsaw: The office is in charge of liaison with other international organisations and institutions in Warsaw, in particular, the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODIHR)<a href="#cite_note-auto1-74">[72]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Member_states,_observers,_partners">Member states, observers, partners</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Member states, observers, partners" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Member states of the Council of Europe</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Eligibility" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are two main criteria for membership: geographic (Article 4 of the Council of Europe Statute specifies that membership is open to any "European" State) and political (Article 3 of the Statute states applying for membership must accept <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> values—"Every member of the Council of Europe must accept the principles of the rule of law and the enjoyment by all persons within its jurisdiction of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and collaborate sincerely and effectively in the realisation of the aim of the Council as specified in Chapter I").<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> Since "Europe" is not defined in international law, the definition of "Europe" has been a question that has recurred during the CoE's history. <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> was admitted in 1950, although it is a <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcontinental state">transcontinental state</a> that lies mostly in Asia, with a smaller portion in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> In 1994, the PACE adopted Recommendation 1247, which said that admission to the CoE should be "in principle open only to states whose national territory lies wholly or partly in Europe"; later, however, the Assembly extended eligibility to apply and be admitted to <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_states_and_observers">Member states and observers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Member states and observers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg/220px-Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="687"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 339px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg/220px-Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="339" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg/330px-Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg/440px-Albanian_CoE_stamp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Postage stamp marks Albania as a member of the Council of Europe 1995</figcaption></figure> The Council of Europe was founded on 5 May 1949 by <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> joined three months later.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar Protectorate</a> joined the Council of Europe as associate members in 1950. West Germany became a full member in 1951, and the Saar withdrew its application after it joined West Germany following the <a href="/wiki/1955_Saar_Statute_referendum" title="1955 Saar Statute referendum">1955 Saar Statute referendum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Joining later were <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (1956), <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (1961), <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (1963), <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> (1965), and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (1976).<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> joined in 1977, two years after the death of its dictator <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Next to join were <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (1978), <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> (1988) and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> (1989).<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> After the fall of Communism with the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Collapse of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a>, the following countries in Europe joined: <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> (1993), the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> (1994), <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> (1995), <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> (1995), <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> (1995), <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (1995), the <a href="/wiki/Former_Yugoslav_Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia">former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia</a> (1995) (later renamed <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (1996, expelled 2022), <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (1996), <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (2002), <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>) (2003), <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> (2004) and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> (2007).<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> After Russia being expelled in 2022, the council has 46 member states.<a href="#cite_note-MemberStates-2">[2]</a> Although most Council members are predominantly Christian in heritage, there are four Muslim-majority member states: Bosnia and Herzegovina,<a href="#cite_note-Popis2013-87">[85]</a> Turkey, Albania, and Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> The CoE has granted some countries a status that allows them to participate in CoE activities without being full members. There are three types of nonmember status: associate member, special guest and observer.<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> Associate member status was created for former Axis states which had not yet regained their sovereignty since their defeat in the Second World War; as such, it is no longer used, although there have been proposals to reactivate it to permit enhanced participation by the current observer states.<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> "Special guest" status was used as a transitional status for <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet countries">post-Soviet countries</a> that wished to join the council after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">fall of the Berlin Wall</a> and is no longer commonly used.<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> "Observer" status is for non-European nations who accept democracy, rule of law, and human rights, and wish to participate in Council initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-Klebes-76">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> became an observer state in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> Currently, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> are observer states, while <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> is an observer to the PACE.<a href="#cite_note-MemberStates-2">[2]</a> Additionally <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Development_Bank" title="Council of Europe Development Bank">Council of Europe Development Bank</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Venice_Commission" title="Member states of the Venice Commission">member</a> of the Council of Europe's <a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Kosovo">Assembly of Kosovo</a> was invited to take part in the work of the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe</a> and its committees as an observer in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Two representatives of local government in Kosovo participate in the work of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Local_and_Regional_Authorities" title="Congress of Local and Regional Authorities">Congress of Local and Regional Authorities</a> as observers.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal,_suspension,_and_expulsion">Withdrawal, suspension, and expulsion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Withdrawal, suspension, and expulsion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Withdrawal from the Council of Europe">Withdrawal from the Council of Europe</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Statute of the Council of Europe">Statute of the Council of Europe</a> provides for the voluntary suspension, involuntary suspension, and exclusion of members.<a href="#cite_note-DzehtsiarouCoffey-93">[91]</a> Article 8 of the Statute provides that any member who has "seriously violated" Article 3 may be suspended from its rights of representation, and that the Committee of Ministers may request that such a member withdraws from the Council under Article 7. (The Statute does not define the "serious violation" phrase.<a href="#cite_note-DzehtsiarouCoffey-93">[91]</a> Under Article 8 of the Statute, if a member state fails to withdraw upon request, the Committee may terminate its membership, in consultation with the PACE.<a href="#cite_note-DzehtsiarouCoffey-93">[91]</a> The Council suspended Greece in 1967, after a <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">military coup d'état</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a> withdrew from the CoE.<a href="#cite_note-DzehtsiarouCoffey-93">[91]</a> Greece was readmitted to the council in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suspension_and_exclusion_of_Russia">Suspension and exclusion of Russia</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Suspension and exclusion of Russia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia in the Council of Europe</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> became a member of the Council of Europe in 1996. In 2014, after Russia <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed Crimea from Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">supported separatists in eastern Ukraine</a>, the Council stripped Russia of its voting rights in the PACE.<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-95">[93]</a> In response, Russia began to boycott the Assembly in 2016, and beginning from 2017 ceased paying its annual membership dues of 32.6 million euros (US$37.1 million) to the Council<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> placing the institution under financial strain.<a href="#cite_note-:0-97">[95]</a> Russia stated that its suspension by the council was unfair, and demanded the restoration of its voting rights.<a href="#cite_note-:1-98">[96]</a> Russia had threatened to withdraw from the Council unless its voting rights were restored in time for the election of a new secretary general.<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-95">[93]</a> European Council secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland" title="Thorbjørn Jagland">Thorbjørn Jagland</a> organized a special committee to find a compromise with Russia in early 2018, a move that was criticised by some as giving in to alleged Russian pressure by Council members and academic observers, especially if voting sanctions were lifted.<a href="#cite_note-:0-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> In June 2019, an approximately two-thirds majority of the Council voted (on a 118–62 vote, with 10 abstentions) to restore Russia's voting rights in the council.<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> Opponents of lifting the suspension included Ukraine and other <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet countries">post-Soviet countries</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic state">Baltic states</a>, who argued that readmission amounted to normalizing Russia's malign activity.<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-95">[93]</a> Supporters of restoring Russia's council rights included France and Germany,<a href="#cite_note-Suspends2022-101">[99]</a> which argued that a Russian withdrawal from the council would be harmful because it would deprive Russian citizens of their ability to initiate cases in the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-95">[93]</a> On 3 March 2022, after <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia launched a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine</a>, the council suspended Russia for violations of the council's statute and the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> (ECHR). The suspension blocked Russia from participation in the council's ministerial council, the PACE, and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a>, but still left Russia obligated to follow the ECHR.<a href="#cite_note-Suspends2022-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mehta-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> On 15 March 2022, hours before the vote to expel the country, Russia initiated a voluntary withdrawal procedure from the council. The Russian delegation planned to deliver its formal withdrawal on 31 December 2022, and announced its intent to <a href="/wiki/Denunciation_(international_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denunciation (international law)">denounce</a> the ECHR. However, on the same day, the council's Committee of Ministers decided Russia's membership in the council would be terminated immediately, and determined that Russia had been excluded from the Council instead under its exclusion mechanism rather than the withdrawal mechanism.<a href="#cite_note-CoE_Expulsion_RU-104">[102]</a> After being excluded from the Council of Europe, Russia's former president and prime minister <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> endorsed restoring the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Russia" title="Capital punishment in Russia">death penalty in Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Co-operation">Co-operation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Co-operation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventions:_European_Treaty_Series">Conventions: European Treaty Series</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Conventions: European Treaty Series" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Council_of_Europe_treaties" title="List of Council of Europe treaties">List of Council of Europe treaties</a></div> The Council of Europe works mainly through international treaties, usually called conventions in its system. By drafting conventions or international treaties, common legal standards are set for its member states. The conventions are collected in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Council_of_Europe_treaties" title="List of Council of Europe treaties">European Treaty Series</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-member_states">Non-member states</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Non-member states" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Several conventions have also been opened for signature to non-member states. Important examples are the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Cybercrime" title="Convention on Cybercrime">Convention on Cybercrime</a> (signed for example, by Canada, Japan, South Africa and the United States), the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Recognition_Convention" title="Lisbon Recognition Convention">Lisbon Recognition Convention</a> on the recognition of study periods and degrees (signed for example, by Australia, Belarus, Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, New Zealand and the United States), the Anti-<a href="/wiki/Doping_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doping (sport)">doping</a> Convention (signed, for example, by Australia, Belarus, Canada and Tunisia) and the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Conservation_of_European_Wildlife_and_Natural_Habitats" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats">Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats</a> (signed for example, by Burkina Faso, Morocco, Tunisia and Senegal as well as the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a>). Non-member states also participate in several partial agreements, such as the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_States_Against_Corruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of States Against Corruption">Group of States Against Corruption</a> (GRECO), the <a href="/wiki/European_Pharmacopoeia" title="European Pharmacopoeia">European Pharmacopoeia</a> Commission and the <a href="/wiki/North-South_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="North-South Centre">North-South Centre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Invitations to sign and ratify relevant conventions of the Council of Europe on a case-by-case basis are sent to three groups of non-member entities:<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> <ul><li>Non-European states: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Morocco, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa, South Korea, Syria, Tajikistan, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uruguay, Venezuela and the observers Canada, Israel, Japan, Mexico, United States.</li> <li>European states: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Russia and the observer Holy See.</li> <li>The European Community and later the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> after its <a href="/wiki/Legal_personality" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal personality">legal personality</a> was established by the ratification of the EU's <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: European Union" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">Council of Europe–European Union relations</a></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:400px;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-top-right" typeof="mw:File"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Supranational_European_Bodies.svg/400px-Supranational_European_Bodies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="780" usemap="#ImageMap_a3f8c5bc709a3d89" resource="/wiki/File:Supranational_European_Bodies-en.svg"></noscript><span 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State" title="Union State"><area href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" shape="rect" coords="277,171,325,188" alt="Common Travel Area" title="Common Travel Area"><area href="/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro#Sovereign_states" shape="rect" coords="249,229,334,246" alt="International status and usage of the euro#Sovereign states" title="International status and usage of the euro#Sovereign states"><area href="/wiki/Switzerland" shape="rect" coords="20,40,40,53" alt="Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><area href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" shape="rect" coords="20,60,40,73" alt="Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><area href="/wiki/Iceland" shape="rect" coords="20,83,40,96" alt="Iceland" title="Iceland"><area href="/wiki/Norway" shape="rect" coords="20,103,40,116" alt="Norway" title="Norway"><area href="/wiki/Sweden" shape="rect" coords="53,83,71,96" alt="Sweden" title="Sweden"><area href="/wiki/Denmark" shape="rect" coords="81,83,100,96" alt="Denmark" title="Denmark"><area href="/wiki/Finland" shape="rect" coords="53,103,71,116" alt="Finland" title="Finland"><area href="/wiki/Poland" shape="rect" coords="118,83,138,96" alt="Poland" title="Poland"><area href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" shape="rect" coords="139,83,159,96" alt="Czech Republic" title="Czech Republic"><area href="/wiki/Hungary" shape="rect" coords="161,83,181,96" alt="Hungary" title="Hungary"><area href="/wiki/Slovakia" shape="rect" coords="161,103,181,116" alt="Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><area href="/wiki/Bulgaria" shape="rect" coords="193,63,212,76" alt="Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><area href="/wiki/Romania" shape="rect" coords="193,83,212,96" alt="Romania" title="Romania"><area href="/wiki/Greece" shape="rect" coords="193,126,212,139" alt="Greece" title="Greece"><area href="/wiki/Estonia" shape="rect" coords="65,128,85,141" alt="Estonia" title="Estonia"><area href="/wiki/Latvia" shape="rect" coords="86,128,106,141" alt="Latvia" title="Latvia"><area href="/wiki/Lithuania" shape="rect" coords="110,128,128,141" alt="Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><area href="/wiki/Belgium" shape="rect" coords="65,163,85,176" alt="Belgium" title="Belgium"><area href="/wiki/Netherlands" shape="rect" coords="86,163,106,176" alt="Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><area href="/wiki/Luxembourg" shape="rect" coords="110,163,128,176" alt="Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><area href="/wiki/Italy" shape="rect" coords="141,129,161,144" alt="Italy" title="Italy"><area href="/wiki/France" shape="rect" coords="141,149,161,163" alt="France" title="France"><area href="/wiki/Spain" shape="rect" coords="141,168,161,181" alt="Spain" title="Spain"><area href="/wiki/Austria" shape="rect" coords="166,129,186,144" alt="Austria" title="Austria"><area href="/wiki/Germany" shape="rect" coords="166,149,186,163" alt="Germany" title="Germany"><area href="/wiki/Portugal" shape="rect" coords="166,168,186,181" alt="Portugal" title="Portugal"><area href="/wiki/Slovenia" shape="rect" coords="191,149,211,163" alt="Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><area href="/wiki/Malta" shape="rect" coords="191,168,211,181" alt="Malta" title="Malta"><area href="/wiki/Croatia" shape="rect" coords="166,196,186,209" alt="Croatia" title="Croatia"><area href="/wiki/Cyprus" shape="rect" coords="219,149,239,163" alt="Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><area href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" shape="rect" coords="221,173,241,186" alt="Republic of Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><area href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" shape="rect" coords="252,173,272,186" alt="United Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><area href="/wiki/Turkey" shape="rect" coords="219,40,239,53" alt="Turkey" title="Turkey"><area href="/wiki/Monaco" shape="rect" coords="178,231,196,244" alt="Monaco" title="Monaco"><area href="/wiki/Andorra" shape="rect" coords="199,231,219,244" alt="Andorra" title="Andorra"><area href="/wiki/San_Marino" shape="rect" coords="221,231,241,244" alt="San Marino" title="San Marino"><area href="/wiki/Vatican_City" shape="rect" coords="372,231,392,244" alt="Vatican City" title="Vatican City"><area href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" shape="rect" coords="256,61,274,75" alt="Georgia (country)" title="Georgia (country)"><area href="/wiki/Ukraine" shape="rect" coords="256,81,274,96" alt="Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><area href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" shape="rect" coords="281,61,300,75" alt="Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><area href="/wiki/Moldova" shape="rect" coords="281,81,300,96" alt="Moldova" title="Moldova"><area href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" shape="rect" coords="286,148,305,161" alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><area href="/wiki/Armenia" shape="rect" coords="312,61,332,75" alt="Armenia" title="Armenia"><area href="/wiki/Montenegro" shape="rect" coords="312,148,332,161" alt="Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><area href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" shape="rect" coords="312,123,332,136" alt="North Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><area href="/wiki/Albania" shape="rect" coords="312,105,332,118" alt="Albania" title="Albania"><area href="/wiki/Serbia" shape="rect" coords="286,123,305,136" alt="Serbia" title="Serbia"><area href="/wiki/Kosovo" shape="rect" coords="342,148,362,161" alt="Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><area href="/wiki/Russia" shape="rect" coords="372,126,392,139" alt="Russia" title="Russia"><area href="/wiki/Belarus" shape="rect" coords="372,148,392,161" alt="Belarus" title="Belarus"></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="thumbcaption">An <a href="/wiki/Euler_diagram" title="Euler diagram">Euler diagram</a> showing the relationships between various multinational European organisations and agreements <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Supranational_European_Bodies" title="Template:Supranational European Bodies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Supranational_European_Bodies" title="Template talk:Supranational European Bodies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Supranational_European_Bodies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Supranational European Bodies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> The Council of Europe is not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> (the "Council of Ministers") or the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>, which belong to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, an entirely separate body from the Council of Europe,<a href="#cite_note-COE_not_EU-109">[107]</a> although they have shared the same European flag and anthem since the 1980s since they both work for <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> Cooperation between the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the Council of Europe was reinforced in the mid-2000s, notably on culture and education as well as on the international enforcement of justice and Human Rights.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> The European Union is expected to accede to the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> (the convention). There are also concerns about consistency in case law – the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> (the EU's court in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>) is treating the convention as part of the legal system of all <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member states</a> in order to prevent conflict between its judgements and those of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (the court in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> interpreting the convention). Protocol No. 14 of the convention is designed to allow the EU to accede to it and the EU <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a> contains a protocol binding the EU to join. The EU would thus be subject to its human rights law and external monitoring as its member states currently are.<a href="#cite_note-Juncker_Council-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reform_Draft-113">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_of_Political_Studies">Schools of Political Studies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Schools of Political Studies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Council of Europe Schools of Political Studies were established to train future generations of political, economic, social and cultural leaders in countries in transition. With the participation of national and international experts, they run annual series of seminars and conferences on topics such as European integration, democracy, human rights, the rule of law and globalisation. The first School of Political Studies was created in Moscow in 1992. By 2020, 20 other schools had been set up along the same lines, forming an association;<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> a network covering the whole of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, as well as some countries in the Southern Mediterranean region. The schools are part of the Education Department, which is part of the Directorate of Democratic Participation within the Directorate General of Democracy ("DGII") of the Council of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United Nations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Cooperation between the CoE and the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> started with the agreement signed by the Secretariats of these institutions on 15 December 1951. On 17 October 1989, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly of the United Nations</a> approved a resolution on granting observer status to the Council of Europe which was proposed by several member states of the CoE.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Currently, the Council of Europe holds <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">observer status</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and is regularly represented in the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>. It has organised the regional UN conferences against racism and on women. It co-operates with the United Nations at many levels, in particular in the areas of human rights, minorities, migration and counter-terrorism. In November 2016, the UN General Assembly adopted by consensus Resolution (A/Res/71/17) on Cooperation between the United Nations and the Council of Europe whereby it acknowledged the contribution of the Council of Europe to the protection and strengthening of human rights and fundamental freedoms, democracy and the rule of law, welcomed the ongoing co-operation in a variety of fields. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-governmental_organisations">Non-governmental organisations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Non-governmental organisations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organisations" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental organisations">Non-governmental organisations</a> (NGOs) can participate in the <a href="/wiki/INGOs_Conference_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="INGOs Conference of the Council of Europe">INGOs Conference of the Council of Europe</a> and become observers to inter-governmental committees of experts. The Council of Europe drafted the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_the_Recognition_of_the_Legal_Personality_of_International_Non-Governmental_Organisations" title="European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations">European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations</a> in 1986, which sets the legal basis for the existence and work of NGOs in Europe. Article 11 of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> protects the right to freedom of association, which is also a fundamental norm for NGOs. The rules for <a href="/wiki/Consultative_status" title="Consultative status">consultative status</a> for INGOs appended to the resolution (93)38 "On relation between the Council of Europe and <a href="/wiki/International_nongovernmental_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="International nongovernmental organizations">non-governmental organisations</a>", adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 18 October 1993 at the 500th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies. On 19 November 2003, the Committee of Ministers changed the consultative status into a participatory status, "considering that it is indispensable that the rules governing the relations between the Council of Europe and NGOs evolve to reflect the active participation of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in the Organisation's policy and work programme".<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Others" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 30 May 2018, the Council of Europe signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> with the European <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> confederation <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The Council of Europe also signed an agreement with FIFA in which the two agreed to strengthen future cooperation in areas of common interests. The deal which included cooperation between member states in the sport of football and safety and security at football matches was finalized in October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Characteristics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privileges_and_immunities">Privileges and immunities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Privileges and immunities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Council of Europe grants the organisation certain privileges and immunities.<a href="#cite_note-priv-immu-EC-120">[118]</a> The working conditions of staff are governed by the council's staff regulations, which are public.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Salaries and emoluments paid by the Council of Europe to its officials are tax-exempt on the basis of Article 18 of the General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Council of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-priv-immu-EC-120">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbol_and_anthem">Symbol and anthem</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Symbol and anthem" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Europe" title="Symbols of Europe">Symbols of Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">Flag of Europe</a></div> The Council of Europe created, and has since 1955 used as its official symbol, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">European Flag</a> with 12 golden stars arranged in a circle on a blue background. Its musical anthem since 1972, the "<a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">European anthem</a>", is based on the "<a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Joy" title="Ode to Joy">Ode to Joy</a>" theme from <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">ninth symphony</a>. On 5 May 1964, the 15th anniversary of its founding, the Council of Europe established 5 May as <a href="/wiki/Europe_Day" title="Europe Day">Europe Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-symbols-122">[120]</a> The wide private and public use of the European Flag is encouraged to symbolise a European dimension. To avoid confusion with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> which subsequently adopted the same flag in the 1980s, as well as other European institutions, the Council of Europe often uses a modified version with a lower-case "e" surrounding the stars which are referred to as the "Council of Europe Logo".<a href="#cite_note-symbols-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversies">Criticism and controversies</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Criticism and controversies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> Both Human Rights Watch and the European Stability Initiative have called on the Council of Europe to undertake concrete actions to show that it is willing and able to return to its "original mission to protect and ensure human rights",<a href="#cite_note-ESI_HavelPrize-124">[122]</a> despite launching political and economic activities that could generate redundancies with other international organizations (including the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/OCSE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCSE">OCSE</a>). <a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-euractiv1-126">[124]</a> <a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> In October 2022, a new and different Pan-European meeting of 44 states was held, as the "inaugural summit of the <a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a>", a new forum largely organized by French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>. The Council of Europe, sidelined, reportedly was "perplexed" with this development, with a spokesperson stating "In the field of human rights, democracy and the rule of law, such a pan-European community already exists: it is the Council of Europe."<a href="#cite_note-CookJanicekCorbet-128">[126]</a> A feature of the new forum is that <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> are deliberately excluded,<a href="#cite_note-CookJanicekCorbet-128">[126]</a> which was not seen as explaining the need for a different entity, given that at the time, Russia was no longer a member of the Council of Europe and Belarus only participated partially, as a non-member.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id='"Caviar_diplomacy"_scandal'>"Caviar diplomacy" scandal</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=27" title='Edit section: "Caviar diplomacy" scandal' class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_laundromat" title="Azerbaijani laundromat">Azerbaijani laundromat</a></div> After Azerbaijan joined the CoE in 2001, both the Council and its Parliamentary Assembly were criticised for having a weak response to election rigging and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Human rights in Azerbaijan">human rights violations in Azerbaijan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PACEGuard-129">[127]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> criticised the Council of Europe in 2014 for allowing Azerbaijan to assume the six-month rotating chairmanship of the council's Committee of Ministers, writing that the Azeri government's repression of human rights defenders, dissidents, and journalists "shows sheer contempt for its commitments to the Council of Europe".<a href="#cite_note-HRW_Criticism-130">[128]</a> An internal inquiry was set up in 2017 amid allegations of bribery by Azerbaijan government officials and criticism of "<a href="/wiki/Caviar_diplomacy" title="Caviar diplomacy">caviar diplomacy</a>" at the Council.<a href="#cite_note-Rankin-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Valencia-132">[130]</a> A 219-page report was issued in 2018 after a ten-month investigation.<a href="#cite_note-PACEGuard-129">[127]</a> It concluded that several members of the Parliamentary Assembly broke CoE ethical rules and were "strongly suspected" of corruption; it strongly criticised former Parliamentary Assembly president <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Agramunt" title="Pedro Agramunt">Pedro Agramunt</a> and suggested that he had engaged in "corruptive activities" before his resignation under pressure in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-PACEGuard-129">[127]</a> The inquiry also named Italian member <a href="/wiki/Luca_Volont%C3%A8" title="Luca Volontè">Luca Volontè</a> as a suspect in "activities of a corruptive nature".<a href="#cite_note-PACEGuard-129">[127]</a> Volontè was investigated by Italian police and accused by Italian prosecutors in 2017 of receiving over 2.39 million euros in bribes in exchange for working for Azerbaijan in the parliamentary assembly, and that in 2013 he played a key role in orchestrating the defeat of a highly critical report on the abuse of political prisoners in Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-Rankin-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Valencia-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> In 2021, Volontè was convicted of accepting bribes from Azerbaijani officials to water down critiques of the nation's human rights record, and he was sentenced by a court in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> to four years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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Europe</a>, and co-ordinated organisations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Council_of_Europe_treaties" title="List of Council of Europe treaties">List of Council of Europe treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_linguistic_rights_in_European_constitutions" title="List of linguistic rights in European constitutions">List of linguistic rights in European constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Centre" title="North–South Centre">North–South Centre</a> of the Council of Europe</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading 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href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><a href="#cite_note-transcontinental-4">[a]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><a href="#cite_note-transcontinental-4">[a]</a>), or belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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The Origins and Development of the European Union 1945–1995. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203131817">10.4324/9780203131817</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203131817" title="Special:BookSources/9780203131817"><bdi>9780203131817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+and+Development+of+the+European+Union+1945%E2%80%931995&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203131817&rft.isbn=9780203131817&rft.aulast=Dedman&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Dinan, Desmond. Europe Recast: A History of European Union (2nd ed. 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rienner.com/uploads/53aae65db9769.pdf">excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021131211/https://www.rienner.com/uploads/53aae65db9769.pdf">Archived</a> 21 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; the excerpt covers the historiography</li> <li>Gillingham, John. Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe, 1945–1955: The Germans and French from Ruhr Conflict to Economic Community (Cambridge UP, 2004).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerrieri2014" class="citation journal cs1">Guerrieri, Sandro (2014). "From the Hague Congress to the Council of Europe: Hopes, achievements and disappointments in the parliamentary way to European integration (1948–51)". Parliaments, Estates and Representation. 34 (2): 216–227. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02606755.2014.952133">10.1080/02606755.2014.952133</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142610321">142610321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parliaments%2C+Estates+and+Representation&rft.atitle=From+the+Hague+Congress+to+the+Council+of+Europe%3A+Hopes%2C+achievements+and+disappointments+in+the+parliamentary+way+to+European+integration+%281948%E2%80%9351%29&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E216-%3C%2Fspan%3E227&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02606755.2014.952133&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142610321%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Guerrieri&rft.aufirst=Sandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Kopf, Susanne. Debating the European Union Transnationally: Wikipedians' Construction of the EU on a Wikipedia Talk Page (2001–2015). (PhD dissertation Lancaster University, 2018)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516115656/http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126749/1/2018kopfphd.pdf">online</a>.</li> <li>Moravcsik, Andrew. The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht (Cornell UP, 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801435096" title="Special:BookSources/9780801435096">9780801435096</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/925023272">925023272</a>.</li> <li>Stone, Dan. Goodbye to All That?: The Story of Europe Since 1945 (Oxford UP, 2014).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrwin2014" class="citation book cs1">Urwin, Derek W. (2014). The Community of Europe. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315843650">10.4324/9781315843650</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315843650" title="Special:BookSources/9781315843650"><bdi>9781315843650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Community+of+Europe&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315843650&rft.isbn=9781315843650&rft.aulast=Urwin&rft.aufirst=Derek+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Europe" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/002.htm">General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Council of Europe</a>, Paris, 2 September 1949</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Council of Europe at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Council_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Council of Europe">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Council_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Council of Europe">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="18" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Council_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="s:Category:Council of Europe">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8908" class="extiw" title="d:Q8908">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&oldid=1274766555">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&oldid=1274766555</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Europe&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 9 February 2025, at 03:31 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raad_van_Europa" title="Raad van Europa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Raad van Europa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europarat" title="Europarat – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Europarat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مجلس أوروبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس أوروبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Եւրոպական Խորհուրդ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եւրոպական Խորհուրդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cons%C3%A8ly_de_l%E2%80%99Eropa" title="Consèly de l’Eropa – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Consèly de l’Eropa" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseyu_d%27Europa" title="Conseyu d'Europa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conseyu d'Europa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_%C5%9Euras%C4%B1" title="Avropa Şurası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avropa Şurası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA" title="কাউন্সিল অফ ইউরোপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাউন্সিল অফ ইউরোপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au-chiu_Ph%C3%AAng-g%C4%AB-ho%C4%93" title="Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Au-chiu Phêng-gī-hoē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Савет Еўропы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Савет Еўропы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Рада Эўропы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рада Эўропы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Съвет на Европа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съвет на Европа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vije%C4%87e_Evrope" title="Vijeće Evrope – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vijeće Evrope" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzul_Europa" title="Kuzul Europa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kuzul Europa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consell_d%27Europa" title="Consell d'Europa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consell d'Europa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_Evropy" title="Rada Evropy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rada Evropy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyngor_Ewrop" title="Cyngor Ewrop – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyngor Ewrop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Europarådet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="لمجلس ديال ؤروپا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمجلس ديال ؤروپا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohp%C3%A1r%C3%A1%C4%91%C4%91i" title="Eurohpáráđđi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eurohpáráđđi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europarat" title="Europarat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europarat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europska_rada" title="Europska rada – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Europska rada" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopa_N%C3%B5ukogu" title="Euroopa Nõukogu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroopa Nõukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_de_Europa" title="Consejo de Europa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consejo de Europa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilio_de_E%C5%ADropo" title="Konsilio de Eŭropo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konsilio de Eŭropo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europako_Kontseilua" title="Europako Kontseilua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Europako Kontseilua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="شورای اروپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورای اروپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evropar%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Evroparáðið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Evroparáðið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_de_l%27Europe" title="Conseil de l'Europe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conseil de l'Europe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rie_fan_Jeropa" title="Rie fan Jeropa – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rie fan Jeropa" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhairle_na_hEorpa" title="Comhairle na hEorpa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhairle na hEorpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coonseil_yn_Oarpey" title="Coonseil yn Oarpey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Coonseil yn Oarpey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consello_de_Europa" title="Consello de Europa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Consello de Europa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="유럽 평의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유럽 평의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Եվրոպայի խորհուրդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրոպայի խորհուրդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="यूरोप की परिषद् – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूरोप की परिषद्" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europska_rada" title="Europska rada – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Europska rada" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vije%C4%87e_Europe" title="Vijeće Europe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vijeće Europe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilantaro_di_Europa" title="Konsilantaro di Europa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konsilantaro di Europa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majelis_Eropa" title="Majelis Eropa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Majelis Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilio_de_Europa" title="Consilio de Europa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Consilio de Europa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilie_de_Europa" title="Consilie de Europa – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Consilie de Europa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pur%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Evrópuráðið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Evrópuráðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiglio_d%27Europa" title="Consiglio d'Europa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consiglio d'Europa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="מועצת אירופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מועצת אירופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasamuan_ing_%C3%89ropah" title="Pasamuan ing Éropah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pasamuan ing Éropah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eer%C9%94p%CA%8B_t%C9%9Bt%CA%8B_taa_kediza%C9%A3_s%C9%94sa%C9%A3" title="Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Eerɔpʋ tɛtʋ taa kedizaɣ sɔsaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Европаны Кенгеши – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Европаны Кенгеши" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D" title="ევროპის საბჭო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევროპის საბჭო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Еуропа кеңесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еуропа кеңесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsey_Ew%C3%B2p" title="Konsey Ewòp – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konsey Ewòp" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konseya_Ewropay%C3%AA" title="Konseya Ewropayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Konseya Ewropayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Европа кеңеши – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Европа кеңеши" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Европын Согоньжы – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Европын Согоньжы" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuns%C3%ABi_de_l%27Europa" title="Cunsëi de l'Europa – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cunsëi de l'Europa" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsejo_de_Evropa" title="Konsejo de Evropa – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Konsejo de Evropa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilium_Europae" title="Consilium Europae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Consilium Europae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiropas_Padome" title="Eiropas Padome – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eiropas Padome" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europarot" title="Europarot – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Europarot" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europos_Taryba" title="Europos Taryba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Europos Taryba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raod_van_Europa" title="Raod van Europa – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Raod van Europa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa_Tan%C3%A1cs" title="Európa Tanács – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Európa Tanács" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Совет на Европа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Совет на Европа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6" title="युरोपाची परिषद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युरोपाची परिषद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3" title="ევროპაშ სხუნუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ევროპაშ სხუნუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="مجلس اوروبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجلس اوروبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="اروپا شورا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اروپا شورا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlis_Eropah" title="Majlis Eropah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Majlis Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunseilho_de_la_Ouropa" title="Cunseilho de la Ouropa – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cunseilho de la Ouropa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Европын Зөвлөл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Европын Зөвлөл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raad_van_Europa" title="Raad van Europa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Raad van Europa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="युरोप परिषद् – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युरोप परिषद्" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%95%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="欧州評議会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="欧州評議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Европин кхеташо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Европин кхеташо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopariad" title="Euroopariad – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Euroopariad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Europarådet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Europarådet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conselh_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Conselh d'Euròpa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Conselh d'Euròpa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevropa_Kengashi" title="Yevropa Kengashi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevropa Kengashi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A6" title="ਯੂਰਪ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੀਸ਼ਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਰਪ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੀਸ਼ਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7_(CoE)" title="اروپايي شورا (CoE) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اروپايي شورا (CoE)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_Europy" title="Rada Europy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rada Europy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conselho_da_Europa" title="Conselho da Europa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conselho da Europa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avropa_%C5%9Euras%C4%B1" title="Avropa Şurası – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Avropa Şurası" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consiliul_Europei" title="Consiliul Europei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consiliul Europei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cussegl_da_l%27Europa" title="Cussegl da l'Europa – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cussegl da l'Europa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Совет Европы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Совет Европы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuss%C3%ACgiu_de_Europa" title="Cussìgiu de Europa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cussìgiu de Europa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ABshilli_i_Evrop%C3%ABs" title="Këshilli i Evropës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Këshilli i Evropës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Council of Europe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada_Eur%C3%B3py" title="Rada Európy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rada Európy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svet_Evrope" title="Svet Evrope – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svet Evrope" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golaha_Yurub" title="Golaha Yurub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Golaha Yurub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="ئەنجومەنی ئەورووپا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنجومەنی ئەورووپا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Савет Европе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Савет Европе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vije%C4%87e_Evrope" title="Vijeće Evrope – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vijeće Evrope" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroopan_neuvosto" title="Euroopan neuvosto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Euroopan neuvosto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europar%C3%A5det" title="Europarådet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Europarådet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konseho_ng_Europa" title="Konseho ng Europa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konseho ng Europa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asqamu_n_Turuft" title="Asqamu n Turuft – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asqamu n Turuft" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Европа Шурасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Европа Шурасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B" title="สภายุโรป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สภายุโรป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Шӯрои Аврупо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шӯрои Аврупо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrupa_Konseyi" title="Avrupa Konseyi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avrupa Konseyi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Рада Європи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рада Європи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84" title="یورپ کی کونسل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یورپ کی کونسل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consejo_d%27Eoropa" title="Consejo d'Eoropa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Consejo d'Eoropa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%A6y_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Ủy hội châu Âu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ủy hội châu Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95uruupa_N%C3%B5vvokogo" title="Õuruupa Nõvvokogo – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Õuruupa Nõvvokogo" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲委员会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧洲委员会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Council of Europe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%A9%95%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="歐洲評議會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐洲評議會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲委员会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="欧洲委员会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 February 2025, at 03:31 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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