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Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju_(estat)" title="Ju (estat) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ju (estat)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju_(%C3%89tat)" title="Ju (État) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ju (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88" title="ویلایەتی جوو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلایەتی جوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%AD_(n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc)" title="Cử (nước) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cử (nước)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%92" title="莒 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="莒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%92%E5%9B%BD" title="莒国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莒国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2208130#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%92%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:莒國">the corresponding article</a> in Chinese</b>.  <i><small>(November 2010)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%E8%8E%92%E5%9C%8B&sl=zh&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Chinese article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:莒國]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|zh|莒國}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ju_(state)" title="Talk:Ju (state)">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">State of Ju</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">莒國/莒国</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1046 BC–431 BC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ju is a small state in the east"><img alt="Ju is a small state in the east" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png/250px-States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png/375px-States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png/500px-States_of_Zhou_Dynasty.png 2x" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="903" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Ju is a small state in the east</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ju_County" title="Ju County">Ju County</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1046BC–? </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Ziyuqi<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a> period<br /><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1046 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Conquered by <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">431 BC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ju</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">莒</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jǔ</span></i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Dongyi" title="Dongyi">Dongyi</a> <a href="/wiki/State_(Ancient_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (Ancient China)">state</a> in modern <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> province during the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> (1046–256 BCE) of ancient China.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rulers of Ju had the surname of <a href="/wiki/Ji_(surname_%E5%B7%B1)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji (surname 己)">Ji 己</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi" title="Shuowen Jiezi">Shuowen Jiezi</a></i>, "Ju" means <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a> or a wooden tool.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was weakened by wars with the states of <a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a>. Eventually the state was annexed by Qi, and the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Ju" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Ju">City of Ju</a> became a major stronghold of Qi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ju_(state)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tan_(state)" title="Tan (state)">Tan (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(state)" title="Lai (state)">Lai (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapeng_(state)" title="Dapeng (state)">Dapeng (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_(state)" title="Xu (state)">Xu (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumie" title="Gumie">Gumie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ju_(state)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E5%82%B3%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9/%E5%8D%B702" class="extiw" title="s:zh:春秋左傳正義/卷02">《春秋正义》·隐公二年</a>：“谱云：莒嬴姓，少昊之后。周武王封兹舆期于莒。初都计，后徙莒。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sddm.gov.cn/dmjj/lsdm/qngx/jx.doc">"Research into the toponymy of Ju County (莒县地名文化调查材料)"</a> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+into+the+toponymy+of+Ju+County+%28%E8%8E%92%E5%8E%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sddm.gov.cn%2Fdmjj%2Flsdm%2Fqngx%2Fjx.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJu+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGu_Derong_(顾德融)Zhu_Shunlong_(朱顺龙)2003" class="citation book cs1">Gu Derong (顾德融); Zhu Shunlong (朱顺龙) (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DpGIQgAACAAJ"><i>春秋史</i></a> [<i>History of the Spring and Autumn Period</i>]. Shanghai People's Publishing House. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-208-04544-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-208-04544-6"><bdi>978-7-208-04544-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%8F%B2&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Shanghai+People%27s+Publishing+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-7-208-04544-6&rft.au=Gu+Derong+%28%E9%A1%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%9E%8D%29&rft.au=Zhu+Shunlong+%28%E6%9C%B1%E9%A1%BA%E9%BE%99%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDpGIQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJu+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rzzx.gov.cn/bshow.asp?s=64&sid=233&id=193">莒国文明注青史激荡演义六百年</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041345/http://www.rzzx.gov.cn/bshow.asp?s=64&sid=233&id=193">Archived</a> 2011-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913171738/http://www.rzw.com.cn/wenhua/shihua/2008/5/08591931284471.htm">"Three questions regarding the origin of the State of Ju (有关莒国史三个问题的考辨)"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rzw.com.cn/wenhua/shihua/2008/5/08591931284471.htm">the original</a> on September 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+questions+regarding+the+origin+of+the+State+of+Ju+%28%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E8%8E%92%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E8%80%83%E8%BE%A8%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rzw.com.cn%2Fwenhua%2Fshihua%2F2008%2F5%2F08591931284471.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJu+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guwenzi.com/srcshow.asp?src_id=1299">張俊成：莒公孫朝子鐘銘及年代問題</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711135540/http://www.guwenzi.com/srcshow.asp?src_id=1299">Archived</a> 2011-07-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Chinese_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zhou_dynasty_topics" title="Template:Zhou dynasty topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zhou_dynasty_topics" title="Template talk:Zhou dynasty topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zhou_dynasty_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zhou dynasty topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Chinese_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_states" title="Ancient Chinese states">Ancient Chinese states</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zhou_dynasty_states" title="List of Zhou dynasty states">Zhou dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_(state)" title="Cai (state)">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_(state)" title="Cao (state)">Cao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_(state)" title="Chen (state)">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(state)" title="Lu (state)">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_(state)" title="Song (state)">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wey_(state)" title="Wey (state)">Wey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(state)" title="Wu (state)">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(state)" title="Yan (state)">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_(state)" title="Zheng (state)">Zheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei_(state)" title="Bei (state)">Bei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao_(state)" title="Chao (state)">Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(state)" title="Dao (state)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Spring_and_Autumn_period)" title="Dai (Spring and Autumn period)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_(state)" title="Deng (state)">Deng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_(state)" title="E (state)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Guo" title="Eastern Guo">Eastern Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Guo" title="Western Guo">Western Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumie" title="Gumie">Gumie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzhu" title="Guzhu">Guzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(NW_Zhou_state)" title="Han (NW Zhou state)">Han (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(SE_Zhou_state)" title="Han (SE Zhou state)">Han (SE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_(state)" title="Hua (state)">Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_(state)" title="Huang (state)">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_(state)" title="Huo (state)">Huo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_(state_in_modern_Beijing)" title="Ji (state in modern Beijing)">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_(state_in_modern_Shandong)" title="Ji (state in modern Shandong)"> Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jia_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jia (state) (page does not exist)">Jia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(state)" title="Lai (state)">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_(state)" title="Liang (state)">Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_(Zhou_dynasty_state)" title="Liao (Zhou dynasty state)">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_(state)" title="Lü (state)">Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_(state)" title="Luo (state)">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_(Chinese_state)" title="Na (Chinese state)">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_(Western_Zhou_state)" title="Peng (Western Zhou state)">Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_(state)" title="Pi (state)">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(Henan)" title="Qi (Henan)">Qǐ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quan_(state)" title="Quan (state)">Quan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_(state)" title="Rui (state)">Rui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruo_(state)" title="Ruo (state)">Ruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(state)" title="Shen (state)">Shēn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%9Bn_(state)" title="Shěn (state)">Shěn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_(state)" title="Sui (state)">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_(state)" title="Tan (state)">Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teng_(state)" title="Teng (state)">Teng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_(state)" title="Xi (state)">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_(state)" title="Xian (state)">Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xing_(state)" title="Xing (state)">Xing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_(state)" title="Xu (state)">Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C7%94_(state)" title="Xǔ (state)">Xǔ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_(state)" title="Yang (state)">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_(state)" title="Ying (state)"> Ying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiqu" title="Yiqu">Yiqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Xian_of_Jin#Conquests_of_Yu_and_Guo" title="Duke Xian of Jin">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_(state)" title="Zeng (state)">Zeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongli_(state)" title="Zhongli (state)">Zhongli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_(state)" title="Zhongshan (state)">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoulai" title="Zhoulai">Zhoulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_(state)" title="Zou (state)">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Warring_States" title="Seven Warring States">Seven states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state)">Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(Warring_States)" title="Han (Warring States)">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(state)" title="Yan (state)">Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_(state)" title="Zhao (state)">Zhao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_(state)" title="Ba (state)">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_(state)" title="Cai (state)">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(Warring_States_period)" title="Dai (Warring States period)">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou_(state)" title="Eastern Zhou (state)">Eastern Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(state)" title="Lu (state)">Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(kingdom)" title="Shu (kingdom)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_(state)" title="Song (state)">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teng_(state)" title="Teng (state)">Teng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou_(state)" title="Western Zhou (state)">Western Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wey_(state)" title="Wey (state)">Wey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiqu" title="Yiqu">Yiqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(state)" title="Yue (state)">Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zheng_(state)" title="Zheng (state)">Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_(state)" title="Zhongshan (state)">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_(state)" title="Zou (state)">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hourglass_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hourglass icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/23px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" 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