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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Variation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Components</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Components-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Components subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bonnet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonnet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bonnet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonnet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handle_or_actuator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handle_or_actuator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Handle or actuator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handle_or_actuator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Disc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Seat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Stem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valve_balls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valve_balls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Valve balls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valve_balls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Spring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Trim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valve_operating_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valve_operating_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Valve operating positions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Valve_operating_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Valve operating positions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Valve_operating_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Two-port_valves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two-port_valves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Two-port valves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two-port_valves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three-port_valves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-port_valves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Three-port valves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three-port_valves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four-port_valves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four-port_valves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Four-port valves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four-port_valves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other considerations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valve</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klep" title="Klep – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klep" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85" title="صمام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صمام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valf" title="Valf – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Valf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%ABn-th%C3%A2u" title="Chūn-thâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chūn-thâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Арматура (техника) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арматура (техника)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A0lvula" title="Vàlvula – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vàlvula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventiil" title="Ventiil – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ventiil" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lvula" title="Válvula – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Válvula" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvo_(tubsistemo)" title="Valvo (tubsistemo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valvo (tubsistemo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balbula" title="Balbula – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Balbula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شیر صنعتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیر صنعتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanne" title="Vanne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vanne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B8%EB%B8%8C" title="밸브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밸브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="वाल्व – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाल्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvo" title="Valvo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Valvo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katup" title="Katup – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-valve" title="I-valve – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-valve" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvola_(idraulica)" title="Valvola (idraulica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valvola (idraulica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9D" title="שסתום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שסתום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F" title="ಕವಾಟ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕವಾಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Клапан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Клапан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vali" title="Vali – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvula_(mechanica)" title="Valvula (mechanica) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Valvula (mechanica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sklend%C4%97" title="Sklendė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sklendė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%81" title="بلف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventiel_(techniek)" title="Ventiel (techniek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ventiel (techniek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%96" title="バルブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaw%C3%B3r" title="Zawór – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zawór" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1lvula_(tubula%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Válvula (tubulação) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Válvula (tubulação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Клапан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клапан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80" title="වෑල්ව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෑල්ව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve" title="Valve – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valve" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="دەمەوانە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەمەوانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Вентил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вентил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venttiili" title="Venttiili – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venttiili" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventil" title="Ventil – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ventil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balbula" title="Balbula – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balbula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D" title="அடைப்பிதழ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடைப்பிதழ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82" title="కవాటం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కవాటం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vana" title="Vana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Клапан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клапан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_(thi%E1%BA%BFt_b%E1%BB%8B)" title="Van (thiết bị) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Van (thiết bị)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene" title="Vene – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vene" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%89%E5%98%B4" title="喉嘴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喉嘴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%A5%E9%96%80" title="閥門 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="閥門" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208443#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Valve" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Valve" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Flow control device</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the flow control device. For the electronic component, see <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">Vacuum tube</a>. For the video game company, see <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve Corporation</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Valve_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Valve (disambiguation)">Valve (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valve" title="Special:EditPage/Valve">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Valve" title="Talk:Valve">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valve" title="Special:EditPage/Valve">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Valve%22">"Valve"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Valve%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Valve%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Valve%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Valve%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Valve%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Valve##" title="Talk:Valve">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valve&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Valve%22">"Valve"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Valve%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Valve%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Valve%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Valve%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Valve%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_valves_with_spigots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Water_valves_with_spigots.jpg/300px-Water_valves_with_spigots.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Water_valves_with_spigots.jpg/450px-Water_valves_with_spigots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Water_valves_with_spigots.jpg/600px-Water_valves_with_spigots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>These water valves are operated by <a href="/wiki/Handle#Twist_handles" title="Handle">rotary handles</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>valve</b> is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluid</a> (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or <a href="/wiki/Slurry" title="Slurry">slurries</a>) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically <a href="/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting" title="Piping and plumbing fitting">fittings</a>, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure. The word is derived from the Latin <i>valva</i>, the moving part of a door, in turn from <i>volvere</i>, to turn, roll. </p><p>The simplest, and very ancient, valve is simply a freely hinged flap which swings down to obstruct fluid (gas or liquid) flow in one direction, but is pushed up by the flow itself when the flow is moving in the opposite direction. This is called a <a href="/wiki/Check_valve" title="Check valve">check valve</a>, as it prevents or "checks" the flow in one direction. Modern <a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">control valves</a> may regulate <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">flow</a> downstream and operate on sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Automation#Industrial_automation" title="Automation">automation</a> systems. </p><p>Valves have many uses, including controlling water for <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>, industrial uses for controlling processes, residential uses such as on/off and pressure control to dish and clothes washers and taps in the home. Valves are also used in the military and transport sectors. In <a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a> <a href="/wiki/Duct_(flow)" title="Duct (flow)">ductwork</a> and other near-atmospheric air flows, valves are instead called <a href="/wiki/Damper_(flow)" title="Damper (flow)">dampers</a>. In compressed air systems, however, valves are used with the most common type being ball valves. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div> <p>Valves are found in virtually every industrial process, including water and sewage processing, mining, power generation, processing of oil, gas and petroleum, food manufacturing, chemical and plastic manufacturing and many other fields. </p><p>People in developed nations use valves in their daily lives, including <a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">plumbing</a> valves, such as <a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)" title="Tap (valve)">taps</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tap_water" title="Tap water">tap water</a>, gas control valves on cookers, small valves fitted to <a href="/wiki/Washing_machine" title="Washing machine">washing machines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dishwasher" title="Dishwasher">dishwashers</a>, safety devices fitted to <a href="/wiki/Water_heating" title="Water heating">hot water systems</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">poppet valves</a> in car engines. </p><p>In nature, there are valves, for example one-way valves in <a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">veins</a> controlling the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">blood circulation</a>, and heart valves controlling the flow of blood in the <a href="/wiki/Chambers_of_the_heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers of the heart">chambers of the heart</a> and maintaining the correct <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pumping</a> action. </p><p>Valves may be operated manually, either by a handle or grip, <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">lever</a>, pedal or wheel. Valves may also be automatic, driven by changes in pressure, <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>, or flow. These changes may act upon a <a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_(mechanical_device)" title="Diaphragm (mechanical device)">diaphragm</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">piston</a> which in turn activates the valve, examples of this type of valve found commonly are <a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">safety valves</a> fitted to hot water systems or <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boilers</a>. </p><p>More complex control systems using valves requiring automatic control based on an external input (i.e., regulating flow through a pipe to a changing set point) require an <a href="/wiki/Actuator" title="Actuator">actuator</a>. An actuator will stroke the valve depending on its input and set-up, allowing the valve to be positioned accurately, and allowing control over a variety of requirements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variation">Variation</h2></div> <p>Valves vary widely in form and application. Sizes<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag is ambiguous, and needs clarification. (July 2011)">ambiguous</span></a></i>]</sup> typically range from 0.1 mm to 60 cm. Special valves can have a diameter exceeding 5 meters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2009)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Valve costs range from simple inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Disposable_product" title="Disposable product">disposable</a> valves to specialized valves which cost thousands of dollars (US) per inch of the diameter of the valve. </p><p>Disposable valves may be found in common household items including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini-pump_dispenser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mini-pump dispenser (page does not exist)">mini-pump dispensers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">aerosol cans</a>. </p><p>A common use of the term <i>valve</i> refers to the poppet valves found in the vast majority of modern internal combustion engines such as those in most fossil fuel powered vehicles which are used to control the intake of the fuel-air mixture and allow exhaust gas venting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_valves" title="List of valves">List of valves</a></div> <p>Valves are quite diverse and may be classified into a number of basic types. Valves may also be classified by how they are actuated: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">Hydraulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatics" title="Pneumatics">Pneumatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Manual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solenoid_valve" title="Solenoid valve">Solenoid valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Motor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Valve_cross-section.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Valve_cross-section.PNG" decoding="async" width="350" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Cross-sectional diagram of an open <b><a href="/wiki/Globe_valve" title="Globe valve">globe valve</a>:</b> <div><ol><li><b>body</b></li><li><b>ports</b></li><li><b>seat</b></li><li><b>stem</b></li><li><b>disc</b> when valve is open</li><li><b>handle</b> or <b>handwheel</b> when valve is open</li><li><b>bonnet</b></li><li><b>packing</b></li><li><b>gland nut</b></li><li><b>fluid flow</b> when valve is open</li><li>position of disc if valve were shut</li><li>position of handle or handwheel if valve were shut</li></ol></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The main parts of the most usual type of valve are the body and the bonnet. These two parts form the casing that holds the fluid going through the valve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body">Body</h3></div> <p>The valve's body is the outer casing of most or all of the valve that contains the internal parts or <i>trim</i>. The bonnet is the part of the <a href="/wiki/Casing_(borehole)" title="Casing (borehole)">encasing</a> through which the <a href="/wiki/Stem_(bicycle_part)" title="Stem (bicycle part)">stem</a> (see below) passes and that forms a guide and seal for the stem. The bonnet typically screws into or is bolted to the valve body. </p><p>Valve bodies are usually <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metallic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">Brass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunmetal" title="Gunmetal">gunmetal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alloy_steel" title="Alloy steel">alloy steels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steels</a> are very common.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seawater applications, like desalination plants, often use duplex valves, as well as super duplex valves, due to their corrosion resistant properties, particularly against warm seawater. <a href="/wiki/Alloy_20" title="Alloy 20">Alloy 20</a> valves are typically used in sulphuric acid plants, whilst <a href="/wiki/Monel" title="Monel">monel</a> valves are used in <a href="/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid" title="Hydrofluoric acid">hydrofluoric acid</a> (HF Acid) plants. <a href="/wiki/Hastelloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hastelloy">Hastelloy</a> valves are often used in high temperature applications, such as nuclear plants, whilst <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_valve" title="Hydrogen valve">inconel</a> valves are often used in hydrogen applications. Plastic bodies are used for relatively low pressures and temperatures. <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/PVDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PVDF">PVDF</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">glass-reinforced nylon</a> are common plastics used for valve bodies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonnet">Bonnet</h3></div> <p>A <b>bonnet</b> acts as a cover on the valve body. It is commonly semi-permanently screwed into the valve body or bolted onto it. During <a href="/wiki/Manufacture" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacture">manufacture</a> of the valve, the internal parts are put into the body and then the bonnet is attached to hold everything together inside. To access internal parts of a valve, a user would take off the bonnet, usually for maintenance. Many valves do not have bonnets; for example, <a href="/wiki/Plug_valve" title="Plug valve">plug valves</a> usually do not have bonnets. Many ball valves do not have bonnets since the valve body is put together in a different style, such as being screwed together at the middle of the valve body. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3></div> <p><b>Ports</b> are passages that allow fluid to pass through the valve. Ports are obstructed by the <b>valve member</b> or <b>disc</b> to control flow. Valves most commonly have 2 ports, but may have as many as 20. The valve is almost always connected at its ports to pipes or other components. Connection methods include <a href="/wiki/Screw_thread" title="Screw thread">threadings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compression_fitting" title="Compression fitting">compression fittings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glue" class="mw-redirect" title="Glue">glue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flange" title="Flange">flanges</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handle_or_actuator">Handle or actuator</h3></div> <p>A handle is used to manually control a valve from outside the valve body. Automatically controlled valves often do not have handles, but some may have a handle (or something similar) anyway to manually override automatic control, such as a <a href="/wiki/Check_valve#Stop-check_valve" title="Check valve">stop-check valve</a>. An actuator is a mechanism or device to automatically or remotely control a valve from outside the body. Some valves have neither handle nor actuator because they automatically control themselves from inside; for example, check valves and <a href="/wiki/Relief_valve" title="Relief valve">relief valves</a> may have neither. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disc">Disc</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nozzle_check_valve_disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Nozzle_check_valve_disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/150px-Nozzle_check_valve_disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Nozzle_check_valve_disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/225px-Nozzle_check_valve_disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Nozzle_check_valve_disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/300px-Nozzle_check_valve_disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Valve disc</figcaption></figure> <p>A disc, also known as a valve member, is a movable obstruction inside the stationary body that adjustably restricts flow through the valve. Although traditionally disc-shaped, discs come in various shapes. Depending on the type of valve, a disc can move linearly inside a valve, or rotate on the stem (as in a <a href="/wiki/Butterfly_valve" title="Butterfly valve">butterfly valve</a>), or rotate on a <a href="/wiki/Hinge" title="Hinge">hinge</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trunnion" title="Trunnion">trunnion</a> (as in a check valve). A ball is a round valve member with one or more paths between ports passing through it. By rotating the ball, flow can be directed between different ports. <a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valves</a> use spherical rotors with a cylindrical hole drilled as a fluid passage. Plug valves use cylindrical or conically tapered rotors called plugs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag is ambiguous, and needs clarification. (July 2011)">ambiguous</span></a></i>]</sup> Other round shapes for rotors are possible as well in rotor valves, as long as the rotor can be turned inside the valve body. However, not all round or spherical discs are rotors; for example, a ball check valve uses the ball to block reverse flow, but is not a rotor because operating the valve does not involve rotation of the ball. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seat">Seat</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gordon_Power_Station_Control_Valve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gordon_Power_Station_Control_Valve.jpg/150px-Gordon_Power_Station_Control_Valve.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gordon_Power_Station_Control_Valve.jpg/225px-Gordon_Power_Station_Control_Valve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gordon_Power_Station_Control_Valve.jpg/300px-Gordon_Power_Station_Control_Valve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>The shut off butterfly valve for a <a href="/wiki/Francis_turbine" title="Francis turbine">Francis turbine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Power_Station,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Power Station, Tasmania">Gordon Power Station, Tasmania</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/150px-Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/225px-Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/300px-Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valve</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The "seat" is the interior surface of the body which contacts the disc to form a leak-tight seal. In discs that move linearly or swing on a hinge or trunnion, the disc comes into contact with the seat only when the valve is shut. In disks that rotate, the seat is always in contact with the disk, but the area of contact changes as the disc is turned. The seat always remains stationary relative to the body. </p><p>Seats are classified by whether they are cut directly into the body, or if they are made of a different material: </p> <ul><li><i>Hard seats</i> are integral to the valve body. Nearly all hard seated metal valves have a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Leak" title="Leak">leakage</a>.</li> <li><i>Soft seats</i> are fitted to the valve body and made of softer materials such as <a href="/wiki/PTFE" class="mw-redirect" title="PTFE">PTFE</a> or various <a href="/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer">elastomers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Nitrile_rubber" title="Nitrile rubber">NBR</a>, <a href="/wiki/EPDM" class="mw-redirect" title="EPDM">EPDM</a>, or <a href="/wiki/FKM" title="FKM">FKM</a> depending on the maximum <a href="/wiki/Operating_temperature" title="Operating temperature">operating temperature</a>.</li></ul> <p>A closed soft seated valve is much less liable to leak when shut while hard seated valves are more durable. Gate, globe, and check valves are usually hard seated while butterfly, ball, plug, and diaphragm valves are usually soft seated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stem">Stem</h3></div> <p>The <b>stem</b> transmits motion from the handle or controlling device to the disc. The stem typically passes through the <a href="/wiki/Hood_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hood (vehicle)">bonnet</a> when present. In some cases, the stem and the disc can be combined in one piece, or the stem and the handle are combined in one piece. </p><p>The motion transmitted by the stem may be a linear <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a>, a rotational <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a>, or some combination of these (Angle valve using torque reactor pin and Hub Assembly). The valve and stem can be threaded such that the stem can be screwed into or out of the valve by turning it in one direction or the other, thus moving the disc back or forth inside the body.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag is ambiguous, and needs clarification. (July 2011)">ambiguous</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">Packing</a> is often used between the stem and the bonnet to maintain a seal. Some valves have no external control and do not need a stem as in most check valves. </p><p>Valves whose disc is between the seat and the stem and where the stem moves in a direction into the valve to shut it are <b>normally-seated</b> or <b>front seated</b>. Valves whose seat is between the disc and the stem and where the stem moves in a direction out of the valve to shut it are <b>reverse-seated</b> or <b>back seated</b>. These terms don't apply to valves with no stem or valves using rotors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaskets">Gaskets</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket">Gaskets</a> are the mechanical seals, or packings, used to prevent the leakage of a gas or fluids from valves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valve_balls">Valve balls</h3></div> <p>A valve ball is also used for severe duty, high-pressure, <a href="/w/index.php?title=High-tolerance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-tolerance (page does not exist)">high-tolerance</a> applications. They are typically made of stainless steel, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stellite" title="Stellite">Stellite</a>, Hastelloy, brass, or <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>. They can also be made of different types of plastic, such as <a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene" title="Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene">ABS</a>, PVC, PP or PVDF. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spring">Spring</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/150px-Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/225px-Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/300px-Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inconel" title="Inconel">Inconel</a> X750 <a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">spring</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many valves have a <a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">spring</a> for spring-loading, to normally shift the disc into some position by default but allow control to reposition the disc. Relief valves commonly use a spring to keep the valve shut, but allow excessive pressure to force the valve open against the spring-loading. <a href="/wiki/Coil_spring" title="Coil spring">Coil springs</a> are normally used. Typical spring materials include <a href="/wiki/Galvanization" title="Galvanization">zinc plated steel</a>, stainless steel, and for high temperature applications <a href="/wiki/Inconel" title="Inconel">Inconel</a> X750. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trim">Trim</h3></div> <p>The internal elements of a valve are collectively referred to as a valve's <b>trim</b>. According to API Standards 600, "Steel Gate Valve-Flanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets", the trim consists of stem, seating surface in the body, gate seating surface, bushing or a deposited weld for the backseat and stem hole guide, and small internal parts that normally contact the service fluid, excluding the pin that is used to make a stem-to-gate connection (this pin shall be made of an austenitic stainless steel material). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Valve_operating_positions">Valve operating positions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_water_cock.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sea_water_cock.JPG/220px-Sea_water_cock.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sea_water_cock.JPG/330px-Sea_water_cock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sea_water_cock.JPG/440px-Sea_water_cock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Seacock" title="Seacock">seacock</a> for cooling <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>, on a marine <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a>. Seacocks are usually ball valves, but may be other types as well.</figcaption></figure> <p>Valve <b>positions</b> are operating conditions determined by the position of the disc or rotor in the valve. Some valves are made to be operated in a gradual change between two or more positions. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Return_valve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Return valve (page does not exist)">Return valves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-return_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-return valve">non-return valves</a> allow fluid to move in 2 or 1 directions respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two-port_valves">Two-port valves</h3></div> <p>Operating positions for 2-port valves can be either shut (closed) so that no flow at all goes through, fully open for maximum flow, or sometimes partially open to any degree in between. Many valves are not designed to precisely control intermediate degree of flow; such valves are considered to be either open or shut. Some valves are specially designed to regulate varying amounts of flow. Such valves have been called by various names such as <i>regulating</i>, <i>throttling</i>, <i>metering</i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Needle_valve" title="Needle valve">needle valves</a></i>. For example, needle valves have elongated conically tapered discs and matching seats for fine flow control. For some valves, there may be a mechanism to indicate by how much the valve is open, but in many cases other indications of flow rate are used, such as separate <a href="/wiki/Flow_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Flow meter">flow meters</a>. </p><p>In plants with remote-controlled process operation, such as oil refineries and petrochemical plants, some 2-way valves can be designated as normally closed (NC) or normally open (NO) during regular operation. Examples of normally-closed valves are <i><a href="/wiki/Sampling_valve" title="Sampling valve">sampling valves</a></i>, which are only opened while a sample is taken. Other examples of normally-closed valves are <a href="/wiki/Shutdown_valve" title="Shutdown valve">emergency shutdown valves</a>, which are kept open when the system is in operation and will automatically shut by taking away the power supply. This happens when there is a problem with a unit or a section of a fluid system such as a leak in order to isolate the problem from the rest of the system. Examples of normally-open valves are purge-gas supply valves or emergency-relief valves. When there is a problem these valves open (by switching them 'off') causing the unit to be flushed and emptied. </p><p>Although many 2-way valves are made in which the flow can go in either direction between the two ports, when a valve is placed into a certain application, flow is often expected to go from one certain port on the <b>upstream</b> side of the valve, to the other port on the <b>downstream</b> side. <a href="/wiki/Pressure_regulator" title="Pressure regulator">Pressure regulators</a> are variations of valves in which flow is controlled to produce a certain downstream pressure, if possible. They are often used to control flow of gas from a <a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">gas cylinder</a>. A back-pressure regulator is a variation of a valve in which flow is controlled to maintain a certain upstream pressure, if possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three-port_valves">Three-port valves</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3-way.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/3-way.svg/120px-3-way.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/3-way.svg/180px-3-way.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/3-way.svg/240px-3-way.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Schematic 3 way ball valve: L-shaped ball right, T-shaped left</figcaption></figure> <p>Valves with three ports serve many different functions. A few of the possibilities are listed here. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve#Multiport" title="Ball valve">Three-way ball valves</a> come with T- or L-shaped fluid passageways inside the rotor. The T valve might be used to permit connection of one inlet to either or both outlets or connection of the two outlets. The L valve could be used to permit disconnection of both or connection of either but not both of two inlets to one outlet. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_valve" title="Shuttle valve">Shuttle valves</a></i> automatically connect the higher pressure inlet to the outlet while (in some configurations) preventing flow from one inlet to the other. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)#immutable_link_from_Valve" title="Tap (valve)">Single handle mixer valves</a></i> produce a variable mixture of hot and cold water at a variable flow rate under control of a single handle. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_mixing_valve" title="Thermostatic mixing valve">Thermostatic mixing valves</a></i> mix hot and cold water to produce a constant temperature in the presence of variable pressures and temperatures on the two input ports. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four-port_valves">Four-port valves</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Four-way_valve" title="Four-way valve">Four-way valve</a></div> <p>A 4-port valve is a valve whose body has four ports equally spaced round the body and the disc has two passages to connect adjacent ports. It is operated with two positions. </p><p>It can be used to isolate and to simultaneously bypass a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sampling_cylinder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sampling cylinder (page does not exist)">sampling cylinder</a> installed on a pressurized water line. It is useful to take a fluid <a href="/wiki/Sample_(material)" title="Sample (material)">sample</a> without affecting the pressure of a hydraulic system and to avoid <a href="/wiki/Degassing" title="Degassing">degassing</a> (no leak, no gas loss or air entry, no external contamination).... </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Control">Control</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USN_sailor_operates_fuel_valve_%C2%B7_070115-N-9479M-004.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/USN_sailor_operates_fuel_valve_%C2%B7_070115-N-9479M-004.JPEG/300px-USN_sailor_operates_fuel_valve_%C2%B7_070115-N-9479M-004.JPEG" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/USN_sailor_operates_fuel_valve_%C2%B7_070115-N-9479M-004.JPEG/450px-USN_sailor_operates_fuel_valve_%C2%B7_070115-N-9479M-004.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/USN_sailor_operates_fuel_valve_%C2%B7_070115-N-9479M-004.JPEG/600px-USN_sailor_operates_fuel_valve_%C2%B7_070115-N-9479M-004.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A sailor aboard a ship operates the wheel controlling a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuel_valve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuel valve (page does not exist)">fuel valve</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many valves are controlled manually with a handle attached to the stem. If the handle is turned ninety degrees between operating positions, the valve is called a quarter-turn valve. Butterfly, ball valves, and plug valves are often quarter-turn valves. If the handle is circular with the stem as the axis of rotation in the center of the circle, then the handle is called a handwheel. Valves can also be controlled by actuators attached to the stem. They can be electromechanical actuators such as an <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Solenoid" title="Solenoid">solenoid</a>, pneumatic actuators which are controlled by <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">air pressure</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulic</a> actuators which are controlled by the pressure of a liquid such as oil or water. Actuators can be used for the purposes of automatic control such as in washing machine cycles, remote control such as the use of a centralised <a href="/wiki/Control_room" title="Control room">control room</a>, or because manual control is too difficult such as when the valve is very large. Pneumatic actuators and hydraulic actuators need pressurised air or liquid lines to supply the actuator: an inlet line and an outlet line. <a href="/wiki/Pilot_valve" title="Pilot valve">Pilot valves</a> are valves which are used to control other valves. Pilot valves in the actuator lines control the supply of air or liquid going to the actuators. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fill_valve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fill valve (page does not exist)">fill valve</a> in a toilet water tank is a liquid level-actuated valve. When a high water level is reached, a mechanism shuts the valve which fills the tank. </p><p>In some valve designs, the pressure of the flow fluid itself or pressure difference of the flow fluid between the ports automatically controls flow through the valve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_considerations">Other considerations</h2></div> <p>Valves are typically rated for maximum temperature and pressure by the manufacturer. The wetted materials in a valve are usually identified also. Some valves rated at very high pressures are available. When a designer, engineer, or user decides to use a valve for an application, he/she should ensure the rated maximum temperature and pressure are never exceeded and that the wetted materials are compatible with the fluid the valve interior is exposed to. In Europe, valve design and pressure ratings are subject to statutory regulation under the <a href="/wiki/Pressure_Equipment_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure Equipment Directive">Pressure Equipment Directive</a> 97/23/EC (PED).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some fluid system designs, especially in chemical or power plants, are schematically represented in piping and instrumentation diagrams. In such diagrams, different types of valves are represented by certain symbols. </p><p>Valves in good condition should be leak-free. However, valves may eventually wear out from use and develop a leak, either between the inside and outside of the valve or, when the valve is shut to stop flow, between the disc and the seat. A particle trapped between the seat and disc could also cause such leakage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_valve_(rendered).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe valve"><img alt="Globe valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Globe_valve_%28rendered%29.jpg/120px-Globe_valve_%28rendered%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Globe_valve_%28rendered%29.jpg/180px-Globe_valve_%28rendered%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Globe_valve_%28rendered%29.jpg/240px-Globe_valve_%28rendered%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Globe_valve" title="Globe valve">Globe valve</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_tubes_and_valves.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A valve controlled by a wheel (on vertical line)"><img alt="A valve controlled by a wheel (on vertical line)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Green_tubes_and_valves.jpg/120px-Green_tubes_and_valves.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Green_tubes_and_valves.jpg/180px-Green_tubes_and_valves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Green_tubes_and_valves.jpg/240px-Green_tubes_and_valves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1027" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A valve controlled by a <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheel</a> (on vertical line)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasa-space-18408-l.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large butterfly valve"><img alt="Large butterfly valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nasa-space-18408-l.jpg/120px-Nasa-space-18408-l.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nasa-space-18408-l.jpg/180px-Nasa-space-18408-l.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nasa-space-18408-l.jpg/240px-Nasa-space-18408-l.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large butterfly valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterfly-valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cast iron butterfly valve"><img alt="Cast iron butterfly valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Butterfly-valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/80px-Butterfly-valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Butterfly-valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Butterfly-valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Butterfly-valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/160px-Butterfly-valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cast iron butterfly valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidirectional_tight_butterfly_valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cast iron butterfly valve"><img alt="Cast iron butterfly valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bidirectional_tight_butterfly_valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/80px-Bidirectional_tight_butterfly_valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bidirectional_tight_butterfly_valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/120px-Bidirectional_tight_butterfly_valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bidirectional_tight_butterfly_valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/160px-Bidirectional_tight_butterfly_valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cast iron butterfly valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hastelloy_Ball_valve.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hastelloy ball valve"><img alt="Hastelloy ball valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hastelloy_Ball_valve.jpg/120px-Hastelloy_Ball_valve.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hastelloy_Ball_valve.jpg/180px-Hastelloy_Ball_valve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hastelloy_Ball_valve.jpg/240px-Hastelloy_Ball_valve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hastelloy ball valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valve.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stainless steel gate valve"><img alt="Stainless steel gate valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Valve.jpg/90px-Valve.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Valve.jpg/135px-Valve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Valve.jpg/180px-Valve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stainless steel <a href="/wiki/Gate_valve" title="Gate valve">gate valve</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_valve.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stainless steel gate valve"><img alt="Stainless steel gate valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gate_valve.JPG/120px-Gate_valve.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gate_valve.JPG/180px-Gate_valve.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gate_valve.JPG/240px-Gate_valve.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stainless steel gate valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swing_Check_valves.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hastelloy check valves"><img alt="Hastelloy check valves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Swing_Check_valves.JPG/120px-Swing_Check_valves.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Swing_Check_valves.JPG/180px-Swing_Check_valves.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Swing_Check_valves.JPG/240px-Swing_Check_valves.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hastelloy check valves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duplex-valve-A182-F51.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Duplex ball valve"><img alt="Duplex ball valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Duplex-valve-A182-F51.JPG/120px-Duplex-valve-A182-F51.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Duplex-valve-A182-F51.JPG/180px-Duplex-valve-A182-F51.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Duplex-valve-A182-F51.JPG/240px-Duplex-valve-A182-F51.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duplex <a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">ball valve</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inconel_gate_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inconel gate valve"><img alt="Inconel gate valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Inconel_gate_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Inconel_gate_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Inconel_gate_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Inconel_gate_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Inconel_gate_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Inconel_gate_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inconel gate valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wafer_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stainless steel wafer check valve"><img alt="Stainless steel wafer check valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wafer_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/90px-Wafer_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wafer_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/135px-Wafer_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wafer_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Wafer_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stainless steel wafer check valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inconel-Tilting_disc_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inconel check valve"><img alt="Inconel check valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Inconel-Tilting_disc_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Inconel-Tilting_disc_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Inconel-Tilting_disc_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Inconel-Tilting_disc_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Inconel-Tilting_disc_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Inconel-Tilting_disc_check_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inconel check valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ball_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Stainless steel ball valve"><img alt="Stainless steel ball valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ball_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Ball_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ball_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Ball_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ball_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Ball_valve--The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stainless steel ball valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cryogenic-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cryogenic 254 SMO gate valve"><img alt="Cryogenic 254 SMO gate valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cryogenic-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Cryogenic-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cryogenic-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Cryogenic-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cryogenic-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Cryogenic-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cryogenic 254 SMO gate valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside-tilting-disc-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside view of a tilting disc inconel check valve"><img alt="Inside view of a tilting disc inconel check valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Inside-tilting-disc-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/120px-Inside-tilting-disc-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Inside-tilting-disc-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/180px-Inside-tilting-disc-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Inside-tilting-disc-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/240px-Inside-tilting-disc-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside view of a tilting disc inconel check valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Duplex ball valves"><img alt="Duplex ball valves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duplex ball valves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cryogenic-stainless-steel-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cryogenic super duplex gate valve frozen up during operation"><img alt="Cryogenic super duplex gate valve frozen up during operation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cryogenic-stainless-steel-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Cryogenic-stainless-steel-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cryogenic-stainless-steel-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Cryogenic-stainless-steel-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cryogenic-stainless-steel-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Cryogenic-stainless-steel-gate-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cryogenic super duplex gate valve frozen up during operation</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist-side.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Super duplex ball valves"><img alt="Super duplex ball valves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist-side.JPG/120px-Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist-side.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist-side.JPG/180px-Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist-side.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist-side.JPG/240px-Duplex-ball-valves-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist-side.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Super duplex ball valves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flanged-Nozzle-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Flanged nozzle inconel check valve or axial check valve"><img alt="Flanged nozzle inconel check valve or axial check valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flanged-Nozzle-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/90px-Flanged-Nozzle-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flanged-Nozzle-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/135px-Flanged-Nozzle-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flanged-Nozzle-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Flanged-Nozzle-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flanged nozzle inconel check valve or axial check valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside-wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside hastelloy check valve, wafer configuration"><img alt="Inside hastelloy check valve, wafer configuration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Inside-wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Inside-wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Inside-wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Inside-wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Inside-wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Inside-wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside hastelloy check valve, wafer configuration</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Large-swing-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large carbon steel swing check valve"><img alt="Large carbon steel swing check valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Large-swing-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/120px-Large-swing-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Large-swing-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/180px-Large-swing-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Large-swing-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="166" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large carbon steel swing check valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nozzle-check-valve-disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Disc for an alloy check valve also known as axial check valve"><img alt="Disc for an alloy check valve also known as axial check valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nozzle-check-valve-disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/120px-Nozzle-check-valve-disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nozzle-check-valve-disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/180px-Nozzle-check-valve-disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nozzle-check-valve-disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/240px-Nozzle-check-valve-disc-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Disc for an alloy check valve also known as axial check valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balls for alloy ball valves"><img alt="Balls for alloy ball valves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/120px-Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/180px-Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/240px-Valve-balls-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Balls for alloy ball valves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wafer check valve"><img alt="Wafer check valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/120px-Wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/240px-Wafer-check-valve-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wafer check valve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valve-nuts-bolts-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuts and bolts for incoloy valves"><img alt="Nuts and bolts for incoloy valves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Valve-nuts-bolts-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/120px-Valve-nuts-bolts-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Valve-nuts-bolts-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/180px-Valve-nuts-bolts-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Valve-nuts-bolts-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/240px-Valve-nuts-bolts-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="321" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuts and bolts for incoloy valves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inconel check valve springs"><img alt="Inconel check valve springs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/90px-Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/135px-Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG/180px-Check-valve-springs-in-inconel-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inconel check valve springs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ball-valve-ball-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ball for a titanium ball valve"><img alt="Ball for a titanium ball valve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ball-valve-ball-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/120px-Ball-valve-ball-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ball-valve-ball-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/180px-Ball-valve-ball-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ball-valve-ball-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg/240px-Ball-valve-ball-The-Alloy-Valve-Stockist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ball for a titanium ball valve</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valve</a> – Flow control device</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_valve" title="Ceramic valve">Ceramic valve</a> – Valve with special ceramics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a> – Flow control device</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_valve_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cylinder valve (disambiguation)">Cylinder valve (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endobronchial_valve" title="Endobronchial valve">Endobronchial valve</a>, medical</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-way_valve" title="Four-way valve">Four-way valve</a> – Flow control device</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_test" title="Hydrostatic test">Hydrostatic test</a> – Non-destructive test of pressure vessels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Pipe (fluid conveyance)">Pipe</a> – Tubular section or hollow cylinder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping" title="Piping">Piping</a> – System of pipes used to transport fluids</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pipework" title="Plastic pipework">Plastic pipework</a> – Tubular section or hollow cylinder made of plastic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Poppet valve</a> – Type of valve</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_valve" title="Rotary valve">Rotary valve</a> – Valve where rotation of passages in a plug controls flow direction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)" title="Tap (valve)">Tap (valve)</a> – Valve controlling the release of a liquid or gas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Tube (fluid conveyance)">Tubing</a> – fluid conveyance<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_cylinder_valve" title="Scuba cylinder valve">Scuba cylinder valve</a> – Valve controlling flow of breathing gas into and out of a scuba cylinder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_exerciser" title="Valve exerciser">Valve exerciser</a> – Device for maintaining flow control devices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_stem" title="Valve stem">Valve stem</a> – Type of valve</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_valve_timing" title="Variable valve timing">Variable valve timing</a> – Process of altering the timing of a valve lift event</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a> – Type of water of steam flow valve</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actuation.co.uk/valve-body-types">"Types of valve bodies and their specifications - Actuation Valves"</a>. <i>www.actuation.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.actuation.co.uk&rft.atitle=Types+of+valve+bodies+and+their+specifications+-+Actuation+Valves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.actuation.co.uk%2Fvalve-body-types&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100815081132/http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/pressure-and-gas/documents/ped/">"European Commission Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/pressure-and-gas/documents/ped/">the original</a> on 2010-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Commission+Pressure+Equipment+Directive+%28PED%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenterprise%2Fsectors%2Fpressure-and-gas%2Fdocuments%2Fped%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Valves" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Valves">Valves</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rds.posccaesar.org/2008/05/XML/ISO-15926-4_2007/">ISO-15926-4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190820052710/http://rds.posccaesar.org/2008/05/XML/ISO-15926-4_2007/">Archived</a> 2019-08-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Nearly 500 valve base classifications and definitions from the <a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">ISO 15926</a> standard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlv.com/global/TI/steam-theory/types-of-valves.html">Animations showing Internal Function of Various Types of Valve</a>, tlv.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.arcor.de/drklaus.bauerfeind/valves/eAbsperrventil.html">Flow in known Design Types of Shut-off Valves</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122105509/http://home.arcor.de/drklaus.bauerfeind/valves/eAbsperrventil.html">Archived</a> 2009-11-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, home.arcor.de</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329115838/https://controls.engin.umich.edu/wiki/index.php/PIDStandardNotation#Valve_Symbols">Valves: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard Notation</a>, controls.engin.umich.edu</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionknowledge.net/public_domain_documents/Div_15_Mechanical/HVAC/Valves_DOE_Fundamentals.pdf">Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook, Mechanical Science, Module 4 Valves</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830063124/http://www.constructionknowledge.net/public_domain_documents/Div_15_Mechanical/HVAC/Valves_DOE_Fundamentals.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-08-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plumbing" title="Template:Plumbing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plumbing" title="Template talk:Plumbing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plumbing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plumbing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plumbing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)" title="Air gap (plumbing)">Air gap (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflow" title="Backflow">Backflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_(chemical)" title="Compatibility (chemical)">Compatibility (chemical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">Corrosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain_(plumbing)" title="Drain (plumbing)">Drain (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">Drinking water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_loss" title="Friction loss">Friction loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">Grade (slope)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywater" title="Greywater">Greywater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_trap" title="Heat trap">Heat trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_loop" title="Hydrostatic loop">Hydrostatic loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak" title="Leak">Leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_axis" title="Neutral axis">Neutral axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsite_sewage_facility" title="Onsite sewage facility">Onsite sewage facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">Sanitary sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_gas" title="Sewer gas">Sewer gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">Sewerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siphon" title="Siphon">Siphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_sewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm sewer">Storm sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">Stormwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_tension" title="Surface tension">Surface tension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_water" title="Tap water">Tap water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)" title="Trap (plumbing)">Trap (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">Venturi effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">Wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_hammer" title="Water hammer">Water hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">Water supply network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">Water table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazing" title="Brazing">Brazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">British Standard Pipe</a> (BSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe" title="Cast iron pipe">Cast iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_drain_cleaners" title="Chemical drain cleaners">Chemical drain cleaners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_fitting" title="Compression fitting">Compression fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_tubing" title="Copper tubing">Copper tubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimp_(joining)" title="Crimp (joining)">Crimp (joining)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system" title="Drain-waste-vent system">Drain-waste-vent system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ductile_iron_pipe" title="Ductile iron pipe">Ductile iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_fitting" title="Flare fitting">Flare fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_hose_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden hose thread">Garden Hose Thread</a> (GHT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket">Gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak_detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pipe_Thread" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pipe Thread">National Pipe Thread</a> (NPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size" title="Nominal Pipe Size">Nominal Pipe Size</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakum" title="Oakum">Oakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Pipe (fluid conveyance)">Pipe (fluid conveyance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_dope" title="Pipe dope">Pipe dope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_support" title="Pipe support">Pipe support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pipework" title="Plastic pipework">Plastic pipework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-pull_compression_fittings" title="Push-to-pull compression fittings">Push-to-pull compression fittings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putty" title="Putty">Putty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">Sealant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pumping" title="Sewage pumping">Sewage pumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvent_welding" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvent welding">Solvent welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaging" title="Swaging">Swaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_seal_tape" title="Thread seal tape">Thread seal tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threaded_pipe" title="Threaded pipe">Threaded pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_bending" title="Tube bending">Tube bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_vacuum_breaker" title="Atmospheric vacuum breaker">Atmospheric vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_bleeding_valve" title="Automatic bleeding valve">Automatic bleeding valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_faucet" title="Automatic faucet">Automatic faucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device" title="Backflow prevention device">Backflow prevention device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleed_screw" title="Bleed screw">Bleed screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_valve" title="Butterfly valve">Butterfly valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_valve" title="Check valve">Check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemigation_valve" title="Chemigation valve">Chemigation valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopper pump">Chopper pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circulator_pump" title="Circulator pump">Circulator pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet_flange" title="Closet flange">Closet flange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_reducer" title="Concentric reducer">Concentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupling_(piping)" title="Coupling (piping)">Coupling (piping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_valve" title="Diaphragm valve">Diaphragm valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dielectric_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Dielectric union">Dielectric union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check_valve" title="Double check valve">Double check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentric_reducer" title="Eccentric reducer">Eccentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faucet_aerator" title="Faucet aerator">Faucet aerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_switch" title="Float switch">Float switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Float valve">Float valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_drain" title="Floor drain">Floor drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_limiter" title="Flow limiter">Flow limiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_trough" title="Flushing trough">Flushing trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushometer" title="Flushometer">Flushometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_valve" title="Gate valve">Gate valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_valve" title="Globe valve">Globe valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_trap" title="Grease trap">Grease trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinder_pump" title="Grinder pump">Grinder pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_coupling" title="Hose coupling">Hose coupling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifold_(fluid_mechanics)" title="Manifold (fluid mechanics)">Manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_valve" title="Needle valve">Needle valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_(plumbing)" title="Nipple (plumbing)">Nipple (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_valve" title="Pinch valve">Pinch valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting" title="Piping and plumbing fitting">Piping and plumbing fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_(sanitation)" title="Plug (sanitation)">Plug (sanitation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_regulator" title="Pressure regulator">Pressure regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_vacuum_breaker" title="Pressure vacuum breaker">Pressure vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-balanced_valve" title="Pressure-balanced valve">Pressure-balanced valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator (heating)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device" title="Reduced pressure zone device">Reduced pressure zone device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducer">Reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_valve" title="Relief valve">Relief valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riser_clamp" title="Riser clamp">Riser clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftop_water_tower" title="Rooftop water tower">Rooftop water tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">Safety valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewage pump">Sewage pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_elbow" title="Street elbow">Street elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pump" title="Submersible pump">Submersible pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)" title="Tap (valve)">Tap (valve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_mixing_valve" title="Thermostatic mixing valve">Thermostatic mixing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_drain" title="Trench drain">Trench drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_breaker" title="Vacuum breaker">Vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_ejector" title="Vacuum ejector">Vacuum ejector</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">Water tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_fixture" title="Plumbing fixture">Plumbing fixtures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_bathtub" title="Accessible bathtub">Accessible bathtub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub" title="Bathtub">Bathtub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet">Bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishwasher" title="Dishwasher">Dishwasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_fountain" title="Drinking fountain">Drinking fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_water_boiler" title="Electric water boiler">Electric water boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_disposal_unit" title="Garbage disposal unit">Garbage disposal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_storage_tank" title="Hot water storage tank">Hot water storage tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidifier" title="Humidifier">Humidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icemaker" title="Icemaker">Icemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_hot_water_dispenser" title="Instant hot water dispenser">Instant hot water dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_tub" class="mw-redirect" title="Laundry tub">Laundry tub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shower" title="Shower">Shower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">water recycling shower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">Sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_water_heater" title="Storage water heater">Storage water heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sump_pump" title="Sump pump">Sump pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankless_water_heater" class="mw-redirect" title="Tankless water heater">Tankless water heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal" title="Urinal">Urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washing_machine" title="Washing machine">Washing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">Washlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_dispenser" title="Water dispenser">Water dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_filter" title="Water filter">Water filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heater" class="mw-redirect" title="Water heater">Water heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_softener" class="mw-redirect" title="Water softener">Water softener</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basin_wrench" title="Basin wrench">Basin wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowtorch" title="Blowtorch">Blowtorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borescope" title="Borescope">Borescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_drill" title="Core drill">Core drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain_cleaner" title="Drain cleaner">Drain cleaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_cap" title="Driving cap">Driving cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare-nut_wrench" class="mw-redirect" title="Flare-nut wrench">Flare-nut wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipecutter" title="Pipecutter">Pipecutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_wrench" title="Pipe wrench">Pipe wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber%27s_snake" title="Plumber's snake">Plumber's snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber_wrench" title="Plumber wrench">Plumber wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunger" title="Plunger">Plunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap_wrench" title="Strap wrench">Strap wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_die" title="Tap and die">Tap and die</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement<br />and control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Flow sensor">Flow sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure sensor">Pressure sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_detector" title="Water detector">Water detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_metering" title="Water metering">Water metering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br />trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostatic testing">Hydrostatic testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak_detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_marking" title="Pipe marking">Pipe marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipefitter" title="Pipefitter">Pipefitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipelayer" title="Pipelayer">Pipelayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber">Plumber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br />organizations <br />and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Plumbing_and_Mechanical_Officials" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSF_International" title="NSF International">NSF International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_%26_Drainage_Institute" title="Plumbing & Drainage Institute">Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Plumbing_Code" title="Uniform Plumbing Code">Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Plumbing_Council" title="World Plumbing Council">World Plumbing Council (WPC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_code" title="Plumbing code">Plumbing code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalding" title="Scalding">Scalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterborne_disease" title="Waterborne disease">Waterborne disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_system" title="Fire sprinkler system">Fire sprinkler system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping" title="Piping">Piping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC">Template:HVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_health" title="Template:Public health">Template:Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sewerage" title="Template:Sewerage">Template:Sewerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Toilets" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Toilets">Template:Toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wastewater" title="Template:Wastewater">Template:Wastewater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template talk:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configurations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_engine" title="Axial engine">Axial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish steam engine">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotative_beam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotative beam engine">Rotative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourke_engine" title="Bourke engine">Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_engine" title="Cam engine">Cam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camless_piston_engine" title="Camless piston engine">Camless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-acting cylinder">Double-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-piston_engine" title="Free-piston engine">Free-piston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stelzer_engine" title="Stelzer engine">Stelzer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemi_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemi engine">Hemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_cylinder_head" title="Heron cylinder head">Heron head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOE_engine" title="IOE engine">Intake over exhaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine" title="Oscillating cylinder steam engine">Oscillating cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposed-piston_engine" title="Opposed-piston engine">Opposed-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pent-roof_combustion_chamber" title="Pent-roof combustion chamber">Pentroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-acting cylinder">Single-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_cycle_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Split cycle engine">Split cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing-piston_engine" title="Swing-piston engine">Swing-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniflow_steam_engine" title="Uniflow steam engine">Uniflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_wedge_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler wedge engine">Wedge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke cycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-stroke_engine" title="Five-stroke engine">Five-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-stroke_engine" title="Six-stroke engine">Six-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines" title="Two- and four-stroke engines">Two-and four-stroke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Cylinder layouts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Inline / straight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">I1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twin_engine" title="Straight-twin engine">I2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-three_engine" title="Straight-three engine">I3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">I4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-five_engine" title="Straight-five engine">I5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">I6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-seven_engine" title="Straight-seven engine">I7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-eight_engine" title="Straight-eight engine">I8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-nine_engine" title="Straight-nine engine">I9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twelve_engine" title="Straight-twelve engine">I12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-fourteen_engine" title="Straight-fourteen engine">I14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat / boxer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twin_engine" title="Flat-twin engine">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">F4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-six_engine" title="Flat-six engine">F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-eight_engine" title="Flat-eight engine">F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-ten_engine" title="Flat-ten engine">F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">F12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-sixteen_engine" title="Flat-sixteen engine">F16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V / Vee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-twin_engine" title="V-twin engine">V2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V3_engine" title="V3 engine">V3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V4_engine" title="V4 engine">V4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V5_engine" title="V5 engine">V5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR5_engine" title="VR5 engine">VR5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR6_engine" title="VR6 engine">VR6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V10_engine" title="V10 engine">V10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V14_engine" title="V14 engine">V14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V16_engine" title="V16 engine">V16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V18_engine" title="V18 engine">V18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V20_engine" title="V20 engine">V20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V24_engine" title="V24 engine">V24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W3_engines" title="W engine">W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W6_engines" title="W engine">W6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W8_engine" title="W8 engine">W8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W12_engine" title="W12 engine">W12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W16_engine" title="W16 engine">W16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W18_engine" title="W18 engine">W18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W24_engine" title="W engine">W24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W30_engine" title="W engine">W30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Deltic" title="Napier Deltic">Deltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">Radial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-single_engine" title="Split-single engine">Split-single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_engine" title="U engine">U</a></li> 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