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<span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sheet_gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sheet_gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sheet gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sheet_gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solid_material_gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solid_material_gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Solid material gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solid_material_gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiral-wound_gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiral-wound_gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spiral-wound gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiral-wound_gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constant_seating_stress_gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constant_seating_stress_gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Constant seating stress gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constant_seating_stress_gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double-jacketed_gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double-jacketed_gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Double-jacketed gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double-jacketed_gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kammprofile_gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kammprofile_gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kammprofile gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kammprofile_gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fishbone_Gaskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishbone_Gaskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Fishbone Gaskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishbone_Gaskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flange_gasket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flange_gasket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Flange gasket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flange_gasket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soft_cut_gasket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soft_cut_gasket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Soft cut gasket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soft_cut_gasket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ring_type_joint_gasket_(RTJ_gasket)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ring_type_joint_gasket_(RTJ_gasket)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Ring type joint gasket (RTJ gasket)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ring_type_joint_gasket_(RTJ_gasket)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Improvements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Improvements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Improvements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Improvements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reasons_for_failure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reasons_for_failure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reasons for failure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reasons_for_failure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reasons for failure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reasons_for_failure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uneven_distributed_pressing_force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uneven_distributed_pressing_force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Uneven distributed pressing force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uneven_distributed_pressing_force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stress_relaxation_and_torque_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stress_relaxation_and_torque_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Stress relaxation and torque loss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stress_relaxation_and_torque_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surface_not_smooth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface_not_smooth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Surface not smooth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface_not_smooth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_Reinforced_Gasket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_Reinforced_Gasket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Metal Reinforced Gasket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_Reinforced_Gasket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gasket</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B5%E1%8D%88%E1%8A%9B" title="መድፈኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መድፈኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حشية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xunta_d%27estanqueid%C3%A1" title="Xunta d'estanqueidá – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xunta d'estanqueidá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipl%C9%99%C5%9Fdirici" title="Kipləşdirici – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kipləşdirici" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Плосък уплътнител – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плосък уплътнител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junta_d%27estanquitat" title="Junta d'estanquitat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Junta d'estanquitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%9Bsn%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Těsnění – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Těsnění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flachdichtung" title="Flachdichtung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flachdichtung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihend" title="Tihend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tihend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junta_de_estanqueidad" title="Junta de estanqueidad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Junta de estanqueidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigilu_hermetiko" title="Zigilu hermetiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zigilu hermetiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF" title="درزبند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درزبند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_(%C3%A9tanch%C3%A9it%C3%A9)" title="Joint (étanchéité) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joint (étanchéité)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xunta_(mec%C3%A1nica)" title="Xunta (mecánica) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xunta (mecánica)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka_brtva" title="Meka brtva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meka brtva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gasket" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarnizione" title="Guarnizione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guarnizione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Нығыздағыш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нығыздағыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဂတ်စကက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂတ်စကက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afdichting" title="Afdichting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afdichting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="ガスケット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガスケット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uszczelka" title="Uszczelka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uszczelka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junta_(mec%C3%A2nica)" title="Junta (mecânica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Junta (mecânica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Уплотняющая прокладка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уплотняющая прокладка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gasket" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaptivka" title="Zaptivka – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zaptivka" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4tning" title="Tätning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tätning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="அடைப்பி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடைப்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Защільнювальна прокладка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Защільнювальна прокладка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%AD%E5%8F%A3" title="爭口 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="爭口" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%8A%E7%89%87" title="墊片 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="墊片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1132541#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of mechanical seal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about mechanical seals. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gasket_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gasket (disambiguation)">Gasket (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaskets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gaskets.jpg/220px-Gaskets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gaskets.jpg/330px-Gaskets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gaskets.jpg/440px-Gaskets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Some seals and gaskets <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">o-ring</a></li><li>2. fiber <a href="/wiki/Washer_(mechanical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washer (mechanical)">washer</a></li><li>3. paper gasket</li><li>4. <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">cylinder head</a> <a href="/wiki/Head_gasket" title="Head gasket">gasket</a></li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>gasket</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Seal_(mechanical)" title="Seal (mechanical)">mechanical seal</a> which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under <a href="/wiki/Compression_(physical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression (physical)">compression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a deformable material that is used to create a static seal and maintain that seal under various operating conditions in a mechanical assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaskets allow for "less-than-perfect" mating surfaces on machine parts where they can fill irregularities. Gaskets are commonly produced by cutting from sheet materials. Given the potential cost and safety implications of faulty or leaking gaskets, it is critical that the correct gasket material is selected to fit the needs of the application.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gaskets for specific applications, such as high pressure steam systems, may contain <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>. However, due to health hazards associated with asbestos exposure, non-asbestos gasket materials are used when practical.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is usually desirable that the gasket be made from a material that is to some degree yielding such that it is able to deform and tightly fill the space it is designed for, including any slight irregularities. Some types of gaskets require a <a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">sealant</a> be applied directly to the gasket surface to function properly. </p><p>Some (piping) gaskets are made entirely of metal and rely on a seating surface to accomplish the seal; the metal's own spring characteristics are utilized (up to but not passing σ<sub>y</sub>, the material's <a href="/wiki/Yield_strength" class="mw-redirect" title="Yield strength">yield strength</a>). This is typical of some "ring joints" (RTJ) or some other metal gasket systems. These joints are known as R-con and E-con compressive type joints.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PTFEseet.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PTFEseet.JPG/250px-PTFEseet.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PTFEseet.JPG/375px-PTFEseet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PTFEseet.JPG/500px-PTFEseet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) gasket</figcaption></figure><p> Some gaskets are dispensed and cured in place. These materials are called formed-in-place gaskets.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Compressed_fiber_jointing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Compressed_fiber_jointing.JPG/220px-Compressed_fiber_jointing.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Compressed_fiber_jointing.JPG/330px-Compressed_fiber_jointing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Compressed_fiber_jointing.JPG/440px-Compressed_fiber_jointing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Compressed fiber gasket</figcaption></figure> <p>Gaskets are normally made from a flat material, a sheet such as <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicone" title="Silicone">silicone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoprene" title="Neoprene">neoprene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrile_rubber" title="Nitrile rubber">nitrile rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene" title="Polytetrafluoroethylene">polytetrafluoroethylene</a> (otherwise known as PTFE or Teflon) or a <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymer</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Polychlorotrifluoroethylene" title="Polychlorotrifluoroethylene">polychlorotrifluoroethylene</a>). </p><p>One of the more desirable properties of an effective gasket in industrial applications for <a href="/wiki/Compression_(physical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression (physical)">compressed</a> fiber gasket material is the ability to withstand high compressive loads. Most industrial gasket applications involve <a href="/wiki/Screw#Differentiation_between_bolt_and_screw" title="Screw">bolts</a> exerting compression well into the 14 <a href="/wiki/MPa" class="mw-redirect" title="MPa">MPa</a> (2000 <a href="/wiki/Pound-force_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound-force per square inch">psi</a>) range or higher. Generally speaking, there are several <a href="/wiki/Truism" title="Truism">truisms</a> that allow for better gasket performance. One of the more tried and tested is: "The more compressive load exerted on the gasket, the longer it will last". </p><p>There are several ways to measure a gasket material's ability to withstand compressive loading. The "hot compression test" is probably the most accepted of these tests. Most manufacturers of gasket materials will provide or publish the results of these tests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaskets come in many different designs based on industrial usage, budget, chemical contact and physical parameters: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sheet_gaskets">Sheet gaskets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sheet gaskets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asbesthaltige_Flachdichtungen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asbesthaltige_Flachdichtungen.jpg/220px-Asbesthaltige_Flachdichtungen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asbesthaltige_Flachdichtungen.jpg/330px-Asbesthaltige_Flachdichtungen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asbesthaltige_Flachdichtungen.jpg/440px-Asbesthaltige_Flachdichtungen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a><figcaption>Gasket containing <a href="/wiki/White_asbestos" class="mw-redirect" title="White asbestos">white asbestos</a>, dismantled during a <a href="/wiki/Redevelopment" title="Redevelopment">redevelopment</a> project in Germany. Parts containing asbestos must be dismantled and disposed of with care, in this case following the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">BAuA</a> TRGS 519 technical guide for handling asbestos during demolition, reconstruction or maintenance work</figcaption></figure> <p>Gaskets can be produced by <a href="/wiki/Punch_(metalworking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch (metalworking)">punching</a> the required shape out of a sheet of flat, thin material, resulting in a <i>sheet gaskets</i>. Sheet gasket are fast and cheap to produce, and can be produced from a variety of materials, among them fibrous materials and matted <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> (and in the past - compressed <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>). These gaskets can fill various different chemical requirements based on the <a href="/wiki/Chemically_inert" title="Chemically inert">inertness</a> of the material used. Non-asbestos gasket sheet is durable, of multiple materials, and thick in nature. Material examples are mineral, carbon or synthetic rubbers such as EPDM, Nitrile, Neoprene, Natural, SBR Insertion - each of which have unique properties suitable for different applications.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applications using sheet gaskets involve acids, corrosive chemicals, steam or mild caustics. Flexibility and good recovery prevent breakage during installation of a sheet gasket.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solid_material_gaskets">Solid material gaskets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Solid material gaskets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea behind solid material is to use metals which cannot be punched out of sheets but are still cheap to produce. These gaskets generally have a much higher level of quality control than sheet gaskets and generally can withstand much higher temperatures and pressures. The key downside is that a solid metal must be greatly compressed in order to become flush with the <a href="/wiki/Flange" title="Flange">flange</a> head and prevent leakage. The material choice is more difficult; because metals are primarily used, process contamination and <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> are risks. An additional downside is that the metal used must be softer than the flange — in order to ensure that the flange does not warp and thereby prevent sealing with future gaskets. Even so, these gaskets have found a niche in industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiral-wound_gaskets">Spiral-wound gaskets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spiral-wound gaskets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spiral-wound gaskets comprise a mix of metallic and filler material.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, the gasket has a metal (normally carbon rich or <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a>) wound outwards in a circular spiral (other shapes are possible) with the filler material (generally a flexible graphite) wound in the same manner but starting from the opposing side. This results in alternating layers of filler and metal. The filler material in these gaskets acts as the sealing element, with the metal providing structural support. </p><p>These gaskets have proven to be reliable in most applications, and allow lower clamping forces than solid gaskets, albeit with a higher cost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constant_seating_stress_gaskets">Constant seating stress gaskets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Constant seating stress gaskets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The constant seating stress gasket consists of two components; a solid carrier ring of a suitable material, such as <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a>, and two sealing elements of some compressible material installed within two opposing channels, one channel on either side of the carrier ring. The sealing elements are typically made from a material (expanded graphite, expanded <a href="/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene" title="Polytetrafluoroethylene">polytetrafluoroethylene</a> (PTFE), <a href="/wiki/Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">vermiculite</a>, etc.) suitable to the process fluid and application. </p><p>Constant seating stress gaskets derive their name from the fact that the carrier ring profile takes flange rotation (deflection under bolt preload) into consideration. With all other conventional gaskets, as the flange fasteners are tightened, the flange deflects radially under load, resulting in the greatest gasket compression, and highest gasket stress, at the outer gasket edge. </p><p>Since the carrier ring used in constant seating stress gaskets take this deflection into account when creating the carrier ring for a given flange size, pressure class, and material, the carrier ring profile can be adjusted to enable the gasket seating stress to be radially uniform across the entire sealing area. Further, because the sealing elements are fully confined by the flange faces in opposing channels on the carrier ring, any in-service compressive forces acting on the gasket are transmitted through the carrier ring and avoid any further compression of the sealing elements, thus maintaining a 'constant' gasket seating stress while in-service. Thus, the gasket is immune to common gasket failure modes that include creep relaxation, high system vibration, or system thermal cycles. </p><p>The fundamental concept underlying the improved sealability for constant seating stress gaskets are that (i) if the flange sealing surfaces are capable of attaining a seal, (ii) the sealing elements are compatible with the process fluid and application, and (iii) the sufficient gasket seating stress is achieved on installation necessary to affect a seal, then the possibility of the gasket leaking in-service is greatly reduced or eliminated altogether. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double-jacketed_gaskets">Double-jacketed gaskets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Double-jacketed gaskets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Double-jacketed gaskets are another combination of filler material and metallic materials. In this application, a tube with ends that resemble a "C" is made of the metal with an additional piece made to fit inside of the "C" making the tube thickest at the meeting points. The filler is pumped between the shell and piece. When in use, the compressed gasket has a larger amount of metal at the two tips where contact is made (due to the shell/piece interaction) and these two places bear the burden of sealing the process. Since all that is needed is a shell and piece, these gaskets can be made from almost any material that can be made into a sheet and a filler can then be inserted.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kammprofile_gaskets">Kammprofile gaskets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kammprofile gaskets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kammprofile gaskets (sometimes spelled "Camprofile" due to their design resembling the profile of a camshaft, which is a rotating component in internal combustion engines.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are used in many older seals since they have both a flexible nature and reliable performance. Kammprofiles work by having a solid corrugated core with a flexible covering layer. This arrangement allows for very high compression and an extremely tight seal along the ridges of the gasket. Since generally the graphite will fail instead of the metal core, Kammprofile can be repaired during later inactivity. Kammprofile has a high capital cost for most applications but this is countered by long life and increased reliability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishbone_Gaskets">Fishbone Gaskets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fishbone Gaskets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fishbone Gaskets are direct replacements for Kammprofile and Spiralwound gaskets. They are fully CNC machine manufactured from similar materials but the design of the gaskets has eliminated inherent short comings. Fishbone gaskets do not unwind in storage or in the plant. The rounded edges do not cause flange damage. The added "Stop Step" prevents the Fishbone gaskets from being over compressed/crushed, often caused by hot torque techniques on plant start up. The bones of the gasket remain ductile and adjust to thermal cycling and system pressure spikes, resulting in a durable and reliable flange seal that out performs all other gaskets of this nature significantly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flange_gasket">Flange gasket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Flange gasket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Used_copper_flange_gaskets_for_ultrahigh_vacuum_systems.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Used_copper_flange_gaskets_for_ultrahigh_vacuum_systems.jpg/250px-Used_copper_flange_gaskets_for_ultrahigh_vacuum_systems.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Used_copper_flange_gaskets_for_ultrahigh_vacuum_systems.jpg/375px-Used_copper_flange_gaskets_for_ultrahigh_vacuum_systems.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Used_copper_flange_gaskets_for_ultrahigh_vacuum_systems.jpg/500px-Used_copper_flange_gaskets_for_ultrahigh_vacuum_systems.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2330" /></a><figcaption>Copper flange gaskets used for ultra-high vacuum systems</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>flange gasket</b> is a type of gasket made to fit between two sections of <a href="/wiki/Pipe_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe (material)">pipe</a> that are flared to provide higher surface area. </p><p>Flange gaskets come in a variety of sizes and are categorized by their inside diameter and their outside diameter. </p><p>There are many standards in gasket for flanges of pipes. The gaskets for flanges can be divided into four major categories: </p> <ol><li>Sheet gaskets</li> <li>Corrugated metal gaskets</li> <li>Ring gaskets</li> <li>Spiral wound gaskets</li></ol> <p><i>Sheet gaskets</i> are simple, they are cut to size either with <a href="/wiki/Screw" title="Screw">bolt</a> holes or without holes for standard sizes with various thickness and material suitable to media and temperature pressure of pipeline. </p><p><i>Ring gaskets</i> also known as RTJ. They are mostly used in offshore oil- and gas <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipelines</a> and are designed to work under extremely high pressure. They are solid rings of metal in different cross sections like oval, round, octagonal etc. Sometimes they come with hole in center for pressure . </p><p><i>Spiral wound gaskets</i> are also used in high pressure pipelines and are made with <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> outer and inner rings and a center filled with spirally wound stainless steel tape wound together with <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> and <a href="/wiki/PTFE" class="mw-redirect" title="PTFE">PTFE</a>, formed in V shape. Internal pressure acts upon the faces of the V, forcing the gasket to seal against the flange faces. Most spiral wound gasket applications will use two standard gasket thicknesses: 1/8 inch and 3/16 inch. With 1/8 inch thick gaskets, compression to a 0.100 inch thickness is recommended. For 3/16 inches, compress to a 0.13 inch thickness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soft_cut_gasket">Soft cut gasket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Soft cut gasket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soft gasket is a term that refers to a gasket that is cut from a soft (flexible) sheet material and can easily conform to surface irregularities even when the bolt load is low. Soft gaskets are used in applications such as <a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">heat exchangers</a>, compressors, bonnet valve and pipe flanges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ring_type_joint_gasket_(RTJ_gasket)"><span id="Ring_type_joint_gasket_.28RTJ_gasket.29"></span>Ring type joint gasket (RTJ gasket)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ring type joint gasket (RTJ gasket)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Annular Seal (RTJ Seal) is a high integrity, high temperature, high pressure seal for applications in the oil industry, oilfield drilling, pressure vessel connections, pipes, valves and more. </p><p>The movement of the ring packing (RTJ) can be described as an irregular flow in the groove of the deformed sealing flange due to the axial compressive load. Colored seal (RTJ seal) has a small load area, which leads to a large surface pressure between the sealing surface and the groove, the maintenance properties are poor and not suitable for reuse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Improvements">Improvements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many gaskets contain minor improvements to increase or infer acceptable operating conditions: </p> <ul><li>A common improvement is an inner compression ring. A compression ring allows for higher flange compression while preventing gasket failure. The effects of a compression ring are minimal and generally are just used when the standard design experiences a high rate of failure.</li> <li>A common improvement is an outer guiding ring. A guiding ring allows for easier installation and serves as a minor compression inhibitor. In some alkylation uses these can be modified on Double Jacketed gaskets to show when the first seal has failed through an inner lining system coupled with alkylation paint.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasons_for_failure">Reasons for failure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Reasons for failure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uneven_distributed_pressing_force">Uneven distributed pressing force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Uneven distributed pressing force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uneven pressure can be caused by a variety of factors. First is the human factor: asymmetric application of the bolt preload, this can cause uneven pressure. Theoretically when the flanges are pressed, the sealing surfaces are absolutely parallel, in practice however, the centerline of a pipeline cannot be absolutely concentric, and tightening the bolts on the flange moment makes the flange a discontinuity. With asymmetric connections, the seal surfaces will be more or less deformed and the pressure reduced, the running load, prone to leakage. Third, the density of bolt arrangement has an obvious impact on the pressure distribution, the closer the bolts, the more uniform the pressure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stress_relaxation_and_torque_loss">Stress relaxation and torque loss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Stress relaxation and torque loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tighten the bolts on the flange. Due to vibration, temperature changes, and other factors such as spiral wound gasket stress relaxation, the bolt tension will gradually decrease, resulting in loss of torque, causing a leak. In general longer bolts and smaller diameters of bolt are better at preventing the loss of torque. A long thin bolt is an effective way to prevent torque loss. Heating for a certain period of time to stretch the bolt, and then maintaining a given torque, is very effective in preventing the loss of torque. When the gasket is thinner and smaller there will be a greater loss of torque. In addition, prevent strong vibration of the machine and the pipe itself, and isolate them from adjacent equipment vibration. Impacts on the sealing surface are not meaningless. Not impacting the tightened bolts can prevent the loss of torque. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface_not_smooth">Surface not smooth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Surface not smooth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is important to make the sealing finish properly otherwise it will cause leakage. A surface that is too smooth can allow your gasket material to blow out under pressure. A surface that is not machined flat can provide leak paths. A good rule of thumb is a machined surface to 32RMS. This insures the surface is flat, but with enough surface finish to bite into the gasket under compression. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal_Reinforced_Gasket">Metal Reinforced Gasket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Metal Reinforced Gasket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With metal core coated gaskets, both sides of the core are covered with a flexible, malleable sealant. There are reinforced metal seals in the pressure class up to 300. A strong metal core prevents pressure seals and a soft core ensures exceptional sealing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Other materials for sealing joints in plumbing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakum" title="Oakum">Oakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber%27s_putty" class="mw-redirect" title="Plumber's putty">Plumber's putty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_seal_tape" title="Thread seal tape">Thread seal tape</a> (plumber's tape)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_gasket" title="Head gasket">Head gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_cracking" title="Ozone cracking">Ozone cracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_degradation" title="Polymer degradation">Polymer degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_flange" title="Vacuum flange">Vacuum flange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wills_Ring" title="Wills Ring">Wills Ring</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ashevillemica.com/aerospace-military-mica/">https://www.ashevillemica.com/aerospace-military-mica/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gallagherseals.com/categories/gaskets.html">"GFS Gaskets"</a>. <i>Gallagher Seals</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallagher+Seals&rft.atitle=GFS+Gaskets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallagherseals.com%2Fcategories%2Fgaskets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.walker-rubber.co.uk/shop/category/gaskets-washers-pads-4">"Rubber Gaskets, Rubber Washers, Rubber Pads"</a>. <i>Walker Rubber Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Walker+Rubber+Ltd&rft.atitle=Rubber+Gaskets%2C+Rubber+Washers%2C+Rubber+Pads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walker-rubber.co.uk%2Fshop%2Fcategory%2Fgaskets-washers-pads-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ff9hYbzy5CYC&dq=all+about+gaskets&pg=PA93">Gaskets and Gasketed Joints</a>", John Bickford, Retrieved April 21, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oceaneering.com/grayloc-home/grayloc-clamp-connectors/">"Grayloc® Clamp Connectors | Oceaneering"</a>. October 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grayloc%C2%AE+Clamp+Connectors+%26%23124%3B+Oceaneering&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oceaneering.com%2Fgrayloc-home%2Fgrayloc-clamp-connectors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsunoSawaLinMasujima2009" class="citation book cs1">Tsuno, Shingo; Sawa, Kiyotaka; Lin, Chiu-Sing; Masujima, Masahiro (April 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2009-01-0996/">"Next Generation Formed-In-Place Gasket (FIPG) Liquid Sealant for Automotive Intake Manifold Application"</a>. <i>SAE Technical Paper Series</i>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4271%2F2009-01-0996">10.4271/2009-01-0996</a> – via www.sae.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Next+Generation+Formed-In-Place+Gasket+%28FIPG%29+Liquid+Sealant+for+Automotive+Intake+Manifold+Application&rft.btitle=SAE+Technical+Paper+Series&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4271%2F2009-01-0996&rft.aulast=Tsuno&rft.aufirst=Shingo&rft.au=Sawa%2C+Kiyotaka&rft.au=Lin%2C+Chiu-Sing&rft.au=Masujima%2C+Masahiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sae.org%2Fpublications%2Ftechnical-papers%2Fcontent%2F2009-01-0996%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasketresources.com/blog/material-spotlight-series-compressed-sheet">Material Spotlight Series: Compressed Sheet</a>", GRI, Retrieved April 21, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasketresources.com/spiral-wound-gaskets">Spiral Wound Gaskets</a>", GRI, Retrieved April 21, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/PVP/proceedings-abstract/PVP2015/56956/V002T02A011/284333">https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/PVP/proceedings-abstract/PVP2015/56956/V002T02A011/284333</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthomson.com/gaskets/metallic-gaskets/kammprofile-gaskets">"Kammprofile Gaskets"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kammprofile+Gaskets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthomson.com%2Fgaskets%2Fmetallic-gaskets%2Fkammprofile-gaskets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasket&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gaskets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gaskets">Gaskets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Bickford, John H.: <i>An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of <a href="/wiki/Bolted_joint" title="Bolted joint">Bolted Joints</a></i>, 3rd ed., Marcel Dekker, 1995, pg. 5</li> <li>Latte, Dr. Jorge and Rossi, Claudio: <i>High Temperature Behavior of Compressed Fiber Gasket Materials, and an Alternative Approach to the Prediction of Gasket Life</i>, FSA presented Paper, 1995, pg. 16</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobile</a> series</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_block" title="Engine block">Engine block</a> and<br /> rotating assembly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_shaft" title="Balance shaft">Balance shaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_heater" title="Block heater">Block heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(engine)" title="Bore (engine)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">Connecting rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankcase" title="Crankcase">Crankcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system" title="Crankcase ventilation system">Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankpin" title="Crankpin">Crankpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_plug" title="Core plug">Core plug (freeze plug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">Cylinder</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cylinder_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder bank">bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">layout</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_displacement" title="Engine displacement">Displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">Flywheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_order" title="Firing order">Firing order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_bearing" title="Main bearing">Main bearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_ring" title="Piston ring">Piston ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_ring_gear" title="Starter ring gear">Starter ring gear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valvetrain" title="Valvetrain">Valvetrain</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">Cylinder head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve (pushrod) layout</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tappet" title="Tappet">Tappet / lifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camshaft" title="Camshaft">Camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_(mechanical_engineering)" title="Chest (mechanical engineering)">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">Combustion chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_ratio" title="Compression ratio">Compression ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_gasket" title="Head gasket">Head gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_arm" title="Rocker arm">Rocker arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timing_belt_(camshaft)" title="Timing belt (camshaft)">Timing belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forced_induction" title="Forced induction">Forced induction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowoff_valve" title="Blowoff valve">Blowoff valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_controller" title="Boost controller">Boost controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercooler" title="Intercooler">Intercooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">Supercharger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">Turbocharger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fuel system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Petrol engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">Carburetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_filter" title="Fuel filter">Fuel filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">Fuel injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_pump" title="Fuel pump">Fuel pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">Fuel tank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ignition_system" title="Ignition system">Ignition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">Magneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression ignition">Compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coil-on-plug_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Coil-on-plug ignition">Coil-on-plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributor" title="Distributor">Distributor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glow_plug_(diesel_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glow plug (diesel engine)">Glow plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_coil" title="Ignition coil">Ignition coil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">Spark plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_plug_wires" title="Spark plug wires">Spark plug wires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Engine management</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engine_control_unit" title="Engine control unit">Engine control unit (ECU)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Electrical system</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)" title="Alternator (automotive)">Alternator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_battery" title="Automotive battery">Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_(engine)" title="Starter (engine)">Starter motor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intake system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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