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href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommastrephes_bartramii" title="Ommastrephes bartramii – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ommastrephes bartramii" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="سرپاور پرنده نئون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرپاور پرنده نئون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommastrephes_bartramii" title="Ommastrephes bartramii – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ommastrephes bartramii" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommastrephes_bartramii" title="Ommastrephes bartramii – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ommastrephes bartramii" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purperen_pijlinktvis" title="Purperen pijlinktvis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Purperen pijlinktvis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommastrephes_bartramii" title="Ommastrephes bartramii – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ommastrephes bartramii" 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vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of squid</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Neon flying squid </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ommastrephes_bartramii_in_Kona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ommastrephes_bartramii_in_Kona.jpg/220px-Ommastrephes_bartramii_in_Kona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ommastrephes_bartramii_in_Kona.jpg/330px-Ommastrephes_bartramii_in_Kona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ommastrephes_bartramii_in_Kona.jpg/440px-Ommastrephes_bartramii_in_Kona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">An adult neon flying squid in the <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAlenuih%C4%81h%C4%81_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻAlenuihāhā Channel">ʻAlenuihāhā Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ommastrephes" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cephalopod" title="Cephalopod">Cephalopoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oegopsida" title="Oegopsida">Oegopsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ommastrephidae" title="Ommastrephidae">Ommastrephidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ommastrephes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ommastrephes"><i>Ommastrephes</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>O. bartramii</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Lesueur</a>, 1821)<sup id="cite_ref-W12_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><small>Species synonymy</small></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Loligo bartramii</i><br /><small> Lesueur, 1821</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Loligo pironneauii</i><br /><small> Souleyet, 1852</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Loligo touchardii</i><br /><small> Souleyet, 1852</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Loligo vitreus</i><br /><small> Rang, 1835 <i>in</i> Férussac & D'Orbigny, 1834-1848</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ommastrephes caroli</i><br /><small> Furtado, 1887</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ommastrephes caroli stenobrachium</i><br /><small> Rancurel, 1976</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ommastrephes caroli stenodactyla</i><br /><small> Rancurel, 1976</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ommastrephes cylindraceus</i><br /><small> <a href="/wiki/Alcide_d%27Orbigny" title="Alcide d'Orbigny">d'Orbigny</a>, 1835 <i>in</i> 1834–1847</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ommatostrephes caroli</i><br /><small> Furtado, 1887</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Onychoteuthis brevimanus</i><br /><small> Gould, 1852</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Stenoteuthis bartrami</i><br /><small> (Lesueur, 1821)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Sthenoteuthis bartramii</i><br /><small> (Lesueur, 1821)</small> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>neon flying squid</b> (<i><b>Ommastrephes bartramii</b></i>), sometimes called the <b>red flying squid</b>, <b>akaika</b>, and <b>red squid</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of large flying <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Ommastrephidae" title="Ommastrephidae">Ommastrephidae</a>. They are found in <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Pelagic_zone" title="Pelagic zone">oceanic waters</a> globally.<sup id="cite_ref-sea_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sea-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The genus contains <a href="/wiki/Bioluminescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioluminescent">bioluminescent</a> species.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i> belongs to the family <a href="/wiki/Ommastrephidae" title="Ommastrephidae">Ommastrephidae</a>, subfamily <a href="/wiki/Ommastrephinae" title="Ommastrephinae">Ommastrephinae</a>. It was first described by the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer">explorer</a>, and artist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Charles Alexandre Lesueur</a> in 1821. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Taxonomist" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomist">taxonomists</a> consider the separate spawning populations of <i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i> as <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was thought that <i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i> was the only species belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Monotypic_taxon" title="Monotypic taxon">monospecific genus</a> <i><b>Ommastrephes</b></i>, but a 2020 study which used mitochondrial DNA to evaluate individuals across nearly the entire distributional range revealed that the genus is actually an <a href="/wiki/Allopatric" class="mw-redirect" title="Allopatric">allopatric</a> cryptic <a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">species complex</a> with four distinct species consistently identified.<sup id="cite_ref-complex_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-complex-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of these results, in combination with morphological and metabolic information from the literature, three formerly synonymised names were resurrected: <i><a href="/wiki/Ommastrephes_brevimanus" title="Ommastrephes brevimanus">Ommastrephes brevimanus</a></i>, <i>Ommastrephes caroli</i>, and <i>Ommastrephes cylindraceus</i>, and revised distributional ranges were proposed for each species.<sup id="cite_ref-complex_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-complex-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i> are easily distinguishable by the presence of an elongated silver-colored band in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Ventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral">ventral</a> side of the <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(mollusc)" title="Mantle (mollusc)">mantle</a>. Adult males usually have a mantle length of 29 to 32 cm (0.95 to 1.05 ft), but can reach the maximum length of 45 cm (1.48 ft). Adult females are much larger, usually having a mantle length of around 50 cm (1.6 ft), with the maximum known length being 60 cm (2.0 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-sea_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sea-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tol_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ommastrephes_bartramii_(Neon_flying_squid),_Northern_Hawaiian_waters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ommastrephes_bartramii_%28Neon_flying_squid%29%2C_Northern_Hawaiian_waters.jpg/400px-Ommastrephes_bartramii_%28Neon_flying_squid%29%2C_Northern_Hawaiian_waters.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ommastrephes_bartramii_%28Neon_flying_squid%29%2C_Northern_Hawaiian_waters.jpg/600px-Ommastrephes_bartramii_%28Neon_flying_squid%29%2C_Northern_Hawaiian_waters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Ommastrephes_bartramii_%28Neon_flying_squid%29%2C_Northern_Hawaiian_waters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>A freshly caught neon flying squid from Northern <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiian</a> waters. The distinctive <a href="/wiki/Ventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral">ventral</a> silver band can be clearly seen. Photograph courtesy of Richard E. Young, Department of Oceanography, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii">University of Hawaii</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_Web_Project" title="Tree of Life Web Project">Tree of Life Web Project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Their <a href="/wiki/Cephalopod_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalopod arm">arms</a> do not possess lateral membranes and have 9 to 27 suckers on the ventral sucker series and 10 to 25 suckers on the dorsal sucker series. The left and right third arms have protective membranes greater in width than the arm width. The <a href="/wiki/Hectocotylus" title="Hectocotylus">hectocotylus</a> develops from the left or right fourth arm.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another distinguishing characteristic of <i>O. bartramii</i> is the presence of 4 to 7 toothed <a href="/wiki/Sucker_(cephalopod_anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sucker (cephalopod anatomy)">suckers</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Cephalopod_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalopod arm">tentacular club</a>, near the nearest carpal suckers of the carpal locking apparatus. This is especially useful in differentiating it from the <a href="/wiki/Orangeback_squid" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangeback squid">orangeback flying squid</a> (<i>Sthenoteuthis pteropus</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Photophore" title="Photophore">Photophores</a> are present but are small, irregular, and restricted to the ventral side of the mantle, head, and tentacles. Visceral photophores are absent.<sup id="cite_ref-tol2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other ommastrephids and <a href="/wiki/Onychoteuthidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychoteuthidae">onychoteuthids</a> known as 'flying squid', neon flying squid are so named for their ability to shoot out of the water, much like <a href="/wiki/Flying_fish" title="Flying fish">flying fishes</a>. They sometimes unintentionally land on the <a href="/wiki/Ship_deck" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship deck">decks</a> of ships.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This happens more frequently during rough weather or in the presence of predators in the vicinity, and it is presumed that this behavior is an instinctive response to threat. Flying squid have been observed to engage in behaviors that prolong the time it remains in the air, making it more akin to actual flight than just gliding. <a href="/wiki/Biologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologists">Biologists</a>, however, still do not fully understand the exact mechanisms by which the squid become airborne.<sup id="cite_ref-sci_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the phenomenon is known to happen quite frequently and at least one photographic evidence of <i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i> in flight exists.<sup id="cite_ref-tol2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ommastrephes_bartramii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ommastrephes_bartramii.jpg/220px-Ommastrephes_bartramii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ommastrephes_bartramii.jpg/330px-Ommastrephes_bartramii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ommastrephes_bartramii.jpg/440px-Ommastrephes_bartramii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of <i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i> in the 1870 book <i>Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Neon flying squid are <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution" title="Cosmopolitan distribution">cosmopolitan</a>, being found in subtropical and temperate waters of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific">Pacific</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Oceans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-W31_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W31-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are rarely found in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At night, they are usually found feeding just beneath the surface near <a href="/wiki/Thermohaline_circulation" title="Thermohaline circulation">cold-water fronts</a>, at depths of 0 to 70 m (0 to 230 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-J11_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They descend to depths of 300 to 700 m (980 to 2,300 ft) during daytime, though they have been known to descend to depths of up to 1,490 m (4,890 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-ceph_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceph-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This movement pattern is known as <a href="/wiki/Diel_vertical_migration" title="Diel vertical migration">diel vertical migration</a> and is also exhibited by other oceanic organisms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_biology">Ecology and biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology and biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_cycle">Life cycle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neon flying squid are highly migratory. They have a lifespan of about one year, during which they complete a <a href="/wiki/Animal_migration" title="Animal migration">cyclical migration</a> between their feeding and spawning grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-oregon_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oregon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mating occurs when males (who usually achieve sexual maturity earlier in the season) pass spermatophores to the females. The female squid store them in the oral surface of their <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buccal" class="extiw" title="wikt:buccal">buccal</a> membrane until they too become sexually mature later in the season and begin to <a href="/wiki/Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">spawn</a>. Spawning is continuous and not seasonal, occurring virtually throughout the year in intermittent spawning events.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each female spawns approximately 350,000 to 3.6 million eggs, depending on their size. Males and females are both presumed to die soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-J11_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hatchling" title="Hatchling">Hatchlings</a> are around 1 mm (0.039 in) long and grow rapidly, reaching a length of 7 mm (0.28 in) after a month.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Paralarvae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralarvae">paralarvae</a> migrate northwards toward the waters bordering <a href="/wiki/Subarctic" title="Subarctic">subarctic</a> regions during <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">autumn</a>. They are usually found feeding at a depth of 25 m (82 ft) from the surface. Maturing squid return to the spawning grounds to mate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet_and_predators">Diet and predators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diet and predators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neon flying squid eat small <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic fish">oceanic fishes</a> (like <a href="/wiki/Lanternfish" title="Lanternfish">lanternfishes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saury" title="Saury">saury</a>) and other squids. They are known to engage in <a href="/wiki/Cannibalism_(zoology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannibalism (zoology)">cannibalism</a> to smaller members of their own species as well. They serve as <a href="/wiki/Prey" class="mw-redirect" title="Prey">prey</a> to large fishes (like <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">swordfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">marlin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine mammals">marine mammals</a>. They are also <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">fished</a> commercially for human consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-J11_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J11-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ommastrephes_bartramii" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ommastrephes bartramii">Ommastrephes bartramii</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarratt,_I.Allcock,_L.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Barratt, I.; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Computer+Generated+Maps+for+Ommastrephes+bartramii&rft.pub=Aquamaps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aquamaps.org%2FpreMap.php%3Fcache%3D1%26SpecID%3DITS-82527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon+flying+squid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span> "Giant squids in the Aegean". <i>Ethnos</i>, March 27, 2012. p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J11-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-J11_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J11_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-J11_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">DFO, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/Csas/status/1999/C6-12e.pdf">Neon flying squid</a>. DFO Science Stock Status Report C6-12 (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ceph-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ceph_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984. <i>Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries</i>. FAO Fisheries Synopsis (125) 3: 277 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oregon-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oregon_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCrae, J. 1994. Oregon Developmental Species: other squid, neon flying squid (<i>Ommastrephes bartrami</i>). Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://hmsc.oregonstate.edu">[1]</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon_flying_squid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4017" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4017" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ommastrephes bartramii</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2812306" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2812306">Q2812306</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Ommastrephes_bartramii">Ommastrephes_bartramii</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=26425">26425</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6SM23">6SM23</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/453373">453373</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2290475">2290475</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/253671">253671</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10240816">10240816</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=82527">82527</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/163163">163163</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1130790/">2.1130790</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000184859">NBNSYS0000184859</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=61679">61679</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/46ee6ed3-4123-48d1-a929-1bde1615ff21">46ee6ed3-4123-48d1-a929-1bde1615ff21</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/181382">181382</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=754413">754413</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=58132">58132</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=181382">181382</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Loligo bartramii</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109578570" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q109578570">Q109578570</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3VVRM">3VVRM</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2290483">2290483</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=556285">556285</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=562494">562494</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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