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Treva dels dotze anys - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_tractat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_tractat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>El tractat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_tractat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conseqüències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conseqüències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Conseqüències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conseqüències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_de_la_treva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_de_la_treva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Final de la treva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_de_la_treva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Treva dels dotze anys</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 17 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="هدنة الاثني عشر عاما - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هدنة الاثني عشر عاما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvan%C3%A1ctilet%C3%A9_p%C5%99%C3%ADm%C4%9B%C5%99%C3%AD" title="Dvanáctileté příměří - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvanáctileté příměří" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%B6lfj%C3%A4hriger_Waffenstillstand" title="Zwölfjähriger Waffenstillstand - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zwölfjähriger Waffenstillstand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Years%27_Truce" title="Twelve Years&#039; Truce - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Twelve Years&#039; Truce" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tregua_de_los_doce_a%C3%B1os" title="Tregua de los doce años - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tregua de los doce años" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%B3_%DB%B1%DB%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="آتش‌بس ۱۲ ساله - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتش‌بس ۱۲ ساله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AAve_de_Douze_Ans" title="Trêve de Douze Ans - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trêve de Douze Ans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolvejierrich_Best%C3%A2n" title="Tolvejierrich Bestân - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tolvejierrich Bestân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gencatan_Senjata_Dua_Belas_Tahun" title="Gencatan Senjata Dua Belas Tahun - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gencatan Senjata Dua Belas Tahun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tregua_dei_dodici_anni" title="Tregua dei dodici anni - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tregua dei dodici anni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twaalfjaorig_bestaand" title="Twaalfjaorig bestaand - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Twaalfjaorig bestaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twaalfjarig_Bestand" title="Twaalfjarig Bestand - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Twaalfjarig Bestand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9gua_dos_doze_anos" title="Trégua dos doze anos - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trégua dos doze anos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Двенадцатилетнее перемирие - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двенадцатилетнее перемирие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%27%D1%8F" title="Дванадцятирічне перемир&#039;я - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дванадцятирічне перемир&#039;я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twoalfjoarig_Bestand" title="Twoalfjoarig Bestand - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Twoalfjoarig Bestand" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%91%E6%88%B0" title="十二年休戰 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="十二年休戰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q934238#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Treva_dels_dotze_anys" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d&#039;aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Treva_dels_dotze_anys"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=history" title="Versions antigues d&#039;aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra 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vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Treva_dels_dotze_anys"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Treva_dels_dotze_anys" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28178455">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerstyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#ccccff;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;width:40%;text-align:start}</style><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titlestyle" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Rpb_notepad_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula esdeveniment"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula esdeveniment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rpb_notepad_icon.svg/25px-Rpb_notepad_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rpb_notepad_icon.svg/38px-Rpb_notepad_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rpb_notepad_icon.svg/50px-Rpb_notepad_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="35" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></span>Treva dels dotze anys</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33606766">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Het_Twaalfjarig_Bestand_in_Antwerpen_afgekondigd_-_Twelve_Years%27_Truce_declared_in_Antwerp_(Frans_Hogenberg).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imatge"><img alt="Imatge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Het_Twaalfjarig_Bestand_in_Antwerpen_afgekondigd_-_Twelve_Years%27_Truce_declared_in_Antwerp_%28Frans_Hogenberg%29.jpg/300px-Het_Twaalfjarig_Bestand_in_Antwerpen_afgekondigd_-_Twelve_Years%27_Truce_declared_in_Antwerp_%28Frans_Hogenberg%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Het_Twaalfjarig_Bestand_in_Antwerpen_afgekondigd_-_Twelve_Years%27_Truce_declared_in_Antwerp_%28Frans_Hogenberg%29.jpg/450px-Het_Twaalfjarig_Bestand_in_Antwerpen_afgekondigd_-_Twelve_Years%27_Truce_declared_in_Antwerp_%28Frans_Hogenberg%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Het_Twaalfjarig_Bestand_in_Antwerpen_afgekondigd_-_Twelve_Years%27_Truce_declared_in_Antwerp_%28Frans_Hogenberg%29.jpg/600px-Het_Twaalfjarig_Bestand_in_Antwerpen_afgekondigd_-_Twelve_Years%27_Truce_declared_in_Antwerp_%28Frans_Hogenberg%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4650" data-file-height="3846" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_pau" title="Tractat de pau">tractat de pau</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Treva" title="Treva">treva</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934238?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Interval de temps</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">9 abril 1609&#160;-&#160;1621 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934238?uselang=ca#P580" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Data</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">1609 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934238?uselang=ca#P585" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Signatari</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_Unides" title="Províncies Unides">Províncies Unides</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Espanyol" title="Imperi Espanyol">Imperi Espanyol</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Regne_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Regne de França">Regne de França</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Flandes" title="Comtat de Flandes">Comtat de Flandes</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934238?uselang=ca#P1891" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Conflicte</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Guerra_dels_Vuitanta_Anys" title="Guerra dels Vuitanta Anys">Guerra dels Vuitanta Anys</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934238?uselang=ca#P607" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span style="float:center;"></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/220px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/330px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/440px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Imperi de la Monarquia Hispànica</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Prinsenvlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/220px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/330px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Prinsenvlag.svg/440px-Prinsenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Províncies Unides</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>treva dels dotze anys</b>, també anomenada <b>treva d'Anvers</b>, va ser un tractat signat el <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a> entre la Monarquia Hispànica i les <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_Unides_dels_Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" class="mw-redirect" title="Províncies Unides dels Països Baixos">Províncies Unides dels Països Baixos</a>; va suposar una aturada pacífica en la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_dels_Vuitanta_Anys" title="Guerra dels Vuitanta Anys">guerra dels Vuitanta Anys</a> que els neerlandesos mantenien contra l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Espanyol" title="Imperi Espanyol">Imperi Espanyol</a> des de <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a> per aconseguir la seva independència política. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Context"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des de <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>, les províncies del nord dels <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Països Baixos">Països Baixos</a> (anomenades genèricament "Holanda") mantenien contra Espanya la guerra dels Vuitanta Anys o <i>guerra de Flandes</i> amb el suport de França i Anglaterra. </p><p>Després de la signatura de la <a href="/wiki/Pau_de_Vervins" title="Pau de Vervins">Pau de Vervins</a> el <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a> i del <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Londres_(1604)" title="Tractat de Londres (1604)">tractat de Londres</a> el <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>, amb els quals Espanya feia la pau amb França i el Regne d'Anglaterra, respectivament, Holanda va perdre els suport militar d'ambdòs països i va quedar sola en la guerra; l'<a href="/wiki/Embargament" title="Embargament">embargament</a> que Espanya havia mantingut sobre les Províncies Unides dificultava el seu comerç i la despesa militar durant 30&#160;anys deixava Holanda amb mala posició econòmica. </p><p>Tant el rei d'Espanya Felip III com els seus consellers i militars van veure de bon grat que s'establís aquesta treva. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt" title="Johan van Oldenbarnevelt">Johan van Oldenbarnevelt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Pensionari&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Pensionari (encara no existeix)">Gran Pensionari</a> d'Holanda, partidari de la treva, s'enfrontava amb l'oposició de <a href="/wiki/Maurici_de_Nassau" title="Maurici de Nassau">Maurici de Nassau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estat%C3%BAder" class="mw-redirect" title="Estatúder">estatúder</a> i cap de l'exèrcit holandès, i dels líders religiosos calvinistes partidaris de continuar la guerra; finalment també aquests van acceptar la treva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="El_tractat">El tractat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: El tractat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per convinència de les dues parts en conflicte, el <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a> s'iniciaren conversacions bipartites amb la presència d'intermediaris francesos, anglesos i venecians, que van donar com a resultat la signatura del tractat el <a href="/wiki/9_d%27abril" title="9 d&#39;abril">9 d'abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a> a la ciutat d'<a href="/wiki/Anvers" title="Anvers">Anvers</a>. </p><p>Segons els termes del tractat, ambdues parts es comprometien a:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Mantenir un cessament de les hostilitats durant un termini de dotze anys;</li> <li>Auxecar l'embargament que prohibia les Províncies Unides comerciar amb Europa;</li> <li>Llibertat comercial per a les Províncies Unides a les Índies;</li> <li>Els calvinistes holandesos no van acceptar garantir la llibertat religiosa per als catòlics.</li></ul> <p>Amb excepció de conflicte puntuals de poca importància, la treva va ser respectada per ambdues parts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conseqüències"><span id="Conseq.C3.BC.C3.A8ncies"></span>Conseqüències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Conseqüències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La signatura de la treva va suposar el reconeixement <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> de la independència de les províncies del nord dels Països Baixos: Holanda, <a href="/wiki/Zelanda" title="Zelanda">Zelanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%ADsia" title="Frísia">Frísia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groninga" class="mw-redirect" title="Groninga">Groninga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a> i <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCeldres" class="mw-redirect" title="Güeldres">Güeldres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_de_la_treva">Final de la treva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Final de la treva"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durant la treva van sorgir noves divisions religioses i polítiques dins la República. Els seguidors del clergue anticalvinista <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Arminius" title="Jacobus Arminius">Jacobus Arminius</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Remonstrants" title="Remonstrants">Remonstrants</a>, van entrar en un conflicte amb els seguidors de <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Gomarus" title="Franciscus Gomarus">Franciscus Gomarus</a>, els contrarremonstrants. A més d'una diferència d'opinió religiosa, hi va haver principalment un conflicte polític perquè els Remonstrants eren més republicans que els contrarremonstrants, que creien en una posició forta de la Casa d'Orange, i els Remonstrants havien estat a favor de l'armistici mentre els contraremonstrants en contra. <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt" title="Johan van Oldenbarnevelt">Johan van Oldenbarnevelt</a> estava al costat dels Remonstrants i Maurici es va fer costat als contrarremonstrants. El corrent d'Oldenbarnevelt només va triomfar en <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, i el corrent més radical es va imposar en la resta dels estats. El conflicte es va intensificar amb un cop d'estat de Maurici i el seu exèrcit, Van Oldenbarnevelt va ser arrestat i condemnat per alta traïció.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> En el <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADnode_de_Dort" title="Sínode de Dort">Sínode de Dort</a> de 1618–19 al que els tretze pastors <a href="/wiki/Arminianisme" title="Arminianisme">armininianistes</a>, encapçalats per <a href="/wiki/Simon_Episcopius" title="Simon Episcopius">Simon Episcopius</a>, varen ser exclosos, es va establir la victòria de l'escola <a href="/wiki/Calvinisme" title="Calvinisme">calvinista</a> i es va declarar la teologia remonstrant contrària a les Escriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El 13 de maig de 1619 Van Oldenbarnevelt va ser decapitat al Binnenhof de l'Haia i Maurici es va convertir a més de líder militar en el líder polític indiscutible de la República. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a> no es va prorrogar la treva i així la guerra va continuar fins a <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>, any de la independència definitiva dels Països Baixos sansionada pel <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Tractat de Münster">tractat de Münster</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treva_dels_dotze_anys&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=YdrziOQCoK8C&amp;pg=PA458&amp;hl=ca#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>Tractat de la treva dels dotze anys</i></a>&#32;(en francès i castellà),&#32;9 d'abril de 1609,&#32;p.&#160;458 i següents.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Tractat+de+la+treva+dels+dotze+anys&amp;rft.date=9+d%27abril+de+1609&amp;rft.pages=458+i+seg%C3%BCents&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYdrziOQCoK8C%26pg%3DPA458%26hl%3Dca%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Snijder, C.R.H. (2014) "Het scherprechtersgeslacht Pruijm/Pfraum, ook Prom/Praum/Sprong genoemd. Deel 1: Meester Hans Pruijm, 'executeur' van Johan van Oldenbarnevelt", <i>Gens Nostra</i>, jrg. 69, nr. 12, pp. 488-500</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Remonstrant">Remonstrant</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32; Britannica.&#32;[Consulta: 30 setembre 2021].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d&#39;autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85091004">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases d'informació</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GEC" class="mw-redirect" title="GEC">GEC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/treva-dels-dotze-anys">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6df7948d6c‐qdmxx Cached time: 20241127180013 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.741 seconds Real time usage: 1.000 second Preprocessor visited node count: 8825/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37430/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11882/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 30/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3233/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.420/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3871123/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 2/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 809.169 1 -total 91.42% 739.734 1 Plantilla:Infotaula_esdeveniment 90.70% 733.916 1 Plantilla:Infobox_event 80.50% 651.368 1 Plantilla:Infobox_event/formatglobal 73.84% 597.483 1 Plantilla:InfoboxFrame 14.94% 120.917 28 Plantilla:If_empty 11.88% 96.163 1 Plantilla:Identifiers 9.56% 77.394 74 Plantilla:Identificador 5.47% 44.223 1 Plantilla:Referències 5.44% 44.006 8 Plantilla:Collapsible_conditional_list --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:1299597:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241127180013 and revision id 32351306. 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