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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Homer's Odysses" redirects here. For the original poem, see <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>. For the episode of <i>The Simpsons</i>, see <a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Odyssey_(The_Simpsons)" title="Homer's Odyssey (The Simpsons)">Homer's Odyssey (The Simpsons)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Homer's Odysses <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homer%27s+Odysses&rft.date=1614%E2%80%9315"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frontispiece_to_George_Chapman%27s_translation_of_the_Odyssey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Frontispiece_to_George_Chapman%27s_translation_of_the_Odyssey.jpg/220px-Frontispiece_to_George_Chapman%27s_translation_of_the_Odyssey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Frontispiece_to_George_Chapman%27s_translation_of_the_Odyssey.jpg/330px-Frontispiece_to_George_Chapman%27s_translation_of_the_Odyssey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Frontispiece_to_George_Chapman%27s_translation_of_the_Odyssey.jpg/440px-Frontispiece_to_George_Chapman%27s_translation_of_the_Odyssey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1695" data-file-height="2536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Frontispiece to the first edition, c. 1614</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Translator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman" title="George Chapman">George Chapman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1614–15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/48895/48895-h/48895-h.htm">Homer's Odysses</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Homer's Odysses</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_Homer" title="English translations of Homer">English translation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> by writer <a href="/wiki/George_Chapman" title="George Chapman">George Chapman</a>. It was published around 1614 to 1615. It is widely known as the first complete translation of the poem into the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>. </p><p>Chapman spent twenty-six years translating works traditionally attributed to Homer. His complete <i>Iliad</i> was released in 1611, written in rhyming <a href="/wiki/Fourteener_(poetry)" title="Fourteener (poetry)">fourteeners</a>. For <i>Odyssey</i>, he changed the <a href="/wiki/Blank_verse" title="Blank verse">blank verse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">dactylic hexameter</a> of the original Homeric Greek to rhyming couplets of <a href="/wiki/Iambic_pentameter" title="Iambic pentameter">iambic pentameter</a>, establishing a new standard for translations of Greek and Latin hexameter. </p><p>Chapman said he was inspired by the ghost of Homer. His translation is discussed within the historical context of the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan era</a> and is seen to characterise <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> as a Christian hero. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman" title="George Chapman">George Chapman</a> worked on translations of several works traditionally attributed to <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>—the <i>Iliad</i>, the <i>Odyssey</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Hymns" title="Homeric Hymns">Homeric Hymns</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Batrachomyomachia" title="Batrachomyomachia">Batrachomyomachia</a></i>—for twenty-six years from 1598 to 1624.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first person to translate the <i>Homeric Hymns</i> into English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicollScully20081_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicollScully20081-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapman said he was visited and inspired by the ghost of Homer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to critic George de Lord, Chapman believed he had "unique insight" into <a href="/wiki/Homeric_Question" title="Homeric Question">the poet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord197233_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord197233-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The translation is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset" title="Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset">Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicollScully20081_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicollScully20081-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapman's <a href="/wiki/Patronage#Arts" title="Patronage">patron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord19721_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord19721-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Chapman composed his <i>Iliad</i> in rhyming <a href="/wiki/Fourteener_(poetry)" title="Fourteener (poetry)">fourteeners</a>, he changed the metre to <a href="/wiki/Iambic_pentameter" title="Iambic pentameter">iambic pentameter</a> for <i>Odyssey</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rejected translating word-for-word, describing it as "forced" and shameful,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPablo2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and added many phrases and sentiments not present in the original.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPablo2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote that this, alongside close paraphrasing, was required to maintain the new metre, and expressed that some features of the English language—like its many <a href="/wiki/Monosyllable" title="Monosyllable">monosyllabic</a> words—made the project easier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020499_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020499-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had previously used pentameter in a translation of the eighteenth book of the <i>Iliad</i> published under the title <i>Achilles Shield.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord1972168_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord1972168-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Renaissance scholar Jessica Wolfe states that the prefaces written by Chapman for his <i>Iliad</i> and <i>Odyssey</i> translations are generally described as "arrogant, defensive, and prone to pessimistic rants",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020497_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020497-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> echoing an earlier critique by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also expressed loathing for an "envious <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/windfucker" class="extiw" title="wikt:windfucker">Windfucker</a>" who spread rumours that Chapman based his translation on an existing Latin translation instead of the original Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020498_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020498-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapman did, in fact, draw extensively from earlier sources, chiefly a translation by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Spondanus" title="Henri Spondanus">Henri Spondanus</a>, the annotations of <a href="/wiki/Poliziano" title="Poliziano">Poliziano</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020498_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020498-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the work of French printer and translator <a href="/wiki/Henri_Estienne" title="Henri Estienne">Henri Estienne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020491_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020491-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication">Publication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapman published <i>Seauen Books of the Iliades</i> in 1598, which translated books 1, 2, and 7–11 of the <i>Iliad</i>. These are generally regarded by scholars as being a significant influence on <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i> (1602).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020497_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020497-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Books 1–12 were published for the first time in 1609, with the other books following in a 1611 edition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPablo2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The copyright was entered on November 2, 1614,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKent190341_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent190341-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the works were probably published around 1614 to 1615, possibly in two parts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHomerChapmanNicoll1998xvii_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomerChapmanNicoll1998xvii-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the first publication, Chapman became the first person to complete a full translation of Homer's epic poem into English verse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and the work quickly became widely celebrated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPablo2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frontispiece">Frontispiece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Frontispiece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The composition of the translation's <a href="/wiki/Book_frontispiece" title="Book frontispiece">frontispiece</a> shows Homer in the midst of a company of laurel-crowned spirits, whose ethereal forms are expressed in stipple, with legends which together read: "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Solus ſapit hic homo, Reliqui vero Umbræ mouentur</i></span>"; or in English: "This man alone has wisdom, the others are mere shadows that flit around." Above, the title is supported by two <a href="/wiki/Cupids" title="Cupids">cupids</a>, and below are seated figures of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> with his dog, <a href="/wiki/Argos_(dog)" title="Argos (dog)">Argos</a>. The frontispiece is unsigned.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaix_Rouchon2022¶_25_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaix_Rouchon2022¶_25-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central depiction of Homer with the spirits is a reference to <a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a>'s description of <a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a> in the story: "Even in death, Persephone granted to him alone the use of his wisdom, but the others are shadows that flit around".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELamberton19898_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELamberton19898-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The engraving is often ascribed to <a href="/wiki/William_Hole_(engraver)" title="William Hole (engraver)">William Hole</a>, who had previously engraved Chapman's <i>Iliad</i>, although <a href="/wiki/Henry_Watson_Kent" title="Henry Watson Kent">Henry Watson Kent</a> described this claim as "without any very good reason" due to it seeming "hardly probable that his awkward hand could have drawn the title".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKent190342_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent190342-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapman's translations received "widespread attention" from writers and scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord19721_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord19721-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has received attention both as a translation and as an English epic poem in its own right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord19721_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord19721-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Laan2018_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Laan2018-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern reception to Chapman's <i>Odyssey</i> is divided. Critics regularly discuss the poem's use of <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an idea advanced prominently by critic George de Lord.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECombellack195956_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECombellack195956-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1687, <a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley" title="Gerrard Winstanley">Gerrard Winstanley</a> said Chapman's had been supplanted as the pre-eminent translation by <a href="/wiki/John_Ogilby" title="John Ogilby">John Ogilby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966159–160_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966159–160-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, meanwhile, described Chapman as "the best English Homer", but noted the work was "marred by excess of added argument" and "rather more marred by parentheses and inversion".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966161MacLure_quotes_the_subject_from_"Literary_Essays"_([[T._S._Eliot]],_ed.)_(1954)_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966161MacLure_quotes_the_subject_from_"Literary_Essays"_([[T._S._Eliot]],_ed.)_(1954)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapman's <i>Odyssey</i> contributed to iambic pentameter becoming the meter of choice for English translations of Greek and Latin <a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">hexameter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a> was famously moved by Chapman's <i>Iliad</i> and <i>Odyssey</i>, and especially admired the beauty of one of Chapman's metaphors: "The sea has soakt has heart through".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966203_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966203-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keats wrote "<a href="/wiki/On_First_Looking_into_Chapman%27s_Homer" title="On First Looking into Chapman's Homer">On First Looking into Chapman's Homer</a>" (1816) at 20.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe2012_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoe2012-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chapman's translation appealed to Keats because it presented the Homeric text very differently than Alexander Pope's <a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Alexander_Pope_translation)" title="Odyssey (Alexander Pope translation)">widely read translation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Pope</a> himself commented on Chapman's arrogant preface but delighted in Chapman's clear devotion to poetry. He said "there is scarce any Paraphrase more loose and rambling".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(rhetorician)" title="Thomas Wilson (rhetorician)">Thomas Wilson</a> compared Chapman's <i>Odyssey</i> positively compared to his <i>Iliad</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966168_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966168-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> said Chapman's version was as original as <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" title="The Faerie Queene">The Faerie Queene</a></i> (1590) but provides readers with a "small idea of Homer". He compared its Homeric qualities favourably to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Pope</a>'s translation, and derided <a href="/wiki/William_Cowper" title="William Cowper">William Cowper</a>'s as "anti-Miltonish". Coleridge highlighted it within an English historical context, saying Chapman's version was Homer if "he lived in England in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar <a href="/wiki/Emily_Wilson_(classicist)" title="Emily Wilson (classicist)">Emily Wilson</a> writes that Chapman transforms Odysseus into a "a true soldier and a gentleman, a proto-Christian and a proto-<a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoic</a>, whose greatest virtue is his ability to endure suffering".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson writes that <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> rejected this interpretation, providing the same characteristics to <i>Paradise Lost</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> <a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">antihero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Full title: <i><b>Homer's Odysses. Translated according to the Greeke. By George Chapman At Miki q<sup>d</sup></b></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKent190341_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent190341-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These are referred to as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernacular_translation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernacular translation (page does not exist)">vernacular translations</a> by modern scholars.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136:book=10:card=494">10.494–495</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapman's <i>Odyssey</i>: book 5, line 608f.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent190341-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKent190341_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKent190341_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKent1903">Kent 1903</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020496_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfe2020">Wolfe 2020</a>, p. 496.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrammall2018_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrammall2018">Brammall 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicollScully20081-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicollScully20081_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicollScully20081_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicollScully2008">Nicoll & Scully 2008</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELord197233-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord197233_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLord1972">Lord 1972</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELord19721-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord19721_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord19721_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord19721_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLord1972">Lord 1972</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPablo2012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPablo2012_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPablo2012">Pablo 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020499-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020499_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfe2020">Wolfe 2020</a>, p. 499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELord1972168-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord1972168_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLord1972">Lord 1972</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020497-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020497_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020497_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfe2020">Wolfe 2020</a>, p. 497.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966160_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLure1966">MacLure 1966</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020498-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020498_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020498_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfe2020">Wolfe 2020</a>, p. 498.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020491-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfe2020491_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfe2020">Wolfe 2020</a>, p. 491.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHomerChapmanNicoll1998xvii-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHomerChapmanNicoll1998xvii_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHomerChapmanNicoll1998">Homer, Chapman & Nicoll 1998</a>, p. xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2018-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2018_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2018">Wilson 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <a href="#CITEREFKent1903">Kent 1903</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaix_Rouchon2022¶_25-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaix_Rouchon2022¶_25_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaix_Rouchon2022">Chaix Rouchon 2022</a>, ¶ 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELamberton19898-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELamberton19898_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLamberton1989">Lamberton 1989</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent190342-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKent190342_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKent1903">Kent 1903</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Laan2018-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_der_Laan2018_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_der_Laan2018">Van der Laan 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECombellack195956-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECombellack195956_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCombellack1959">Combellack 1959</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966159–160-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966159–160_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLure1966">MacLure 1966</a>, p. 159–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966161MacLure_quotes_the_subject_from_"Literary_Essays"_([[T._S._Eliot]],_ed.)_(1954)-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966161MacLure_quotes_the_subject_from_"Literary_Essays"_([[T._S._Eliot]],_ed.)_(1954)_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLure1966">MacLure 1966</a>, p. 161, MacLure quotes the subject from "Literary Essays" (<a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, ed.) (1954).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966203-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966203_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLure1966">MacLure 1966</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoe2012-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe2012_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoe2012">Roe 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966168-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacLure1966168_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLure1966">MacLure 1966</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(George_Chapman_translation)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrammall2018" class="citation journal cs1">Brammall, Sheldon (29 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/tal.2018.0339">"George Chapman: Homer's Iliad, edited by Robert S. Miola; Homer's Odyssey, edited by Gordon Kendal"</a>. <i>Translation and Literature</i>. <b>27</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">223–</span>231. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Ftal.2018.0339">10.3366/tal.2018.0339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Translation+and+Literature&rft.atitle=George+Chapman%3A+Homer%27s+Iliad%2C+edited+by+Robert+S.+Miola%3B+Homer%27s+Odyssey%2C+edited+by+Gordon+Kendal&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E231&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Ftal.2018.0339&rft.aulast=Brammall&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuppublishing.com%2Fdoi%2F10.3366%2Ftal.2018.0339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCombellack1959" class="citation journal cs1">Combellack, Frederick M. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/266213">"Review of Homeric Renaissance: The "Odyssey" of George Chapman"</a>. <i>Classical Philology</i>. <b>54</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">56–</span>59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F364330">10.1086/364330</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-837X">0009-837X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/266213">266213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Classical+Philology&rft.atitle=Review+of+Homeric+Renaissance%3A+The+%22Odyssey%22+of+George+Chapman&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=1959&rft.issn=0009-837X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F266213%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F364330&rft.aulast=Combellack&rft.aufirst=Frederick+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F266213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChaix_Rouchon2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chaix Rouchon, Béatrice (15 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/episteme/16080">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>" Onely Paine crownes Worth " : George Chapman et la difficile gloire du poète-traducteur"</a>. <i>Études Épistémè. Revue de littérature et de civilisation (XVIe – XVIIIe siècles)</i> (in French) (42). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fepisteme.16080">10.4000/episteme.16080</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1634-0450">1634-0450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+%C3%89pist%C3%A9m%C3%A8.+Revue+de+litt%C3%A9rature+et+de+civilisation+%28XVIe+%E2%80%93+XVIIIe+si%C3%A8cles%29&rft.atitle=%22+Onely+Paine+crownes+Worth+%22+%3A+George+Chapman+et+la+difficile+gloire+du+po%C3%A8te-traducteur&rft.issue=42&rft.date=2022-12-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fepisteme.16080&rft.issn=1634-0450&rft.aulast=Chaix+Rouchon&rft.aufirst=B%C3%A9atrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fepisteme%2F16080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLord1972" class="citation book cs1">Lord, George deForest (1972). <i>Homeric Renaissance: The Odyssey of George Chapman</i> (Reprinted ed.). Hamden, Conn: Archon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-208-01130-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-208-01130-5"><bdi>978-0-208-01130-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeric+Renaissance%3A+The+Odyssey+of+George+Chapman&rft.place=Hamden%2C+Conn&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Archon+Books&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-208-01130-5&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=George+deForest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHomerChapmanNicoll1998" class="citation book cs1">Homer; Chapman, George; Nicoll, Allardyce (1998). <i>Chapman's Homer</i>. Bollingen series (1st ed.). Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00236-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00236-1"><bdi>978-0-691-00236-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapman%27s+Homer&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J&rft.series=Bollingen+series&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00236-1&rft.au=Homer&rft.au=Chapman%2C+George&rft.au=Nicoll%2C+Allardyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKent1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watson_Kent" title="Henry Watson Kent">Kent, Henry Watson</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50555"><i>Bibliographic Notes on One Hundred Books Famous in English Literature</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Grolier_Club" title="Grolier Club">Grolier Club</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliographic+Notes+on+One+Hundred+Books+Famous+in+English+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grolier+Club&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Henry+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F50555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Laan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Van der Laan, Sarah (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.english.cam.ac.uk/spenseronline/review/item/48.2.15/">"Homer's Iliad and Homer's Odyssey"</a>. <i>Spenser Review</i>. <b>48</b> (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spenser+Review&rft.atitle=Homer%27s+Iliad+and+Homer%27s+Odyssey&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Van+der+Laan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.cam.ac.uk%2Fspenseronline%2Freview%2Fitem%2F48.2.15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamberton1989" class="citation book cs1">Lamberton, Robert (20 April 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homertheologiann0000lamb"><i>Homer the Theologian: Neoplatonist Allegorical Reading and the Growth of the Epic Tradition</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06607-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06607-6"><bdi>978-0-520-06607-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homer+the+Theologian%3A+Neoplatonist+Allegorical+Reading+and+the+Growth+of+the+Epic+Tradition&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1989-04-20&rft.isbn=978-0-520-06607-6&rft.aulast=Lamberton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomertheologiann0000lamb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacLure1966" class="citation book cs1">MacLure, Millar (1966). <i>George Chapman: a critical study</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-5177-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-5177-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-5177-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Chapman%3A+a+critical+study&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-5177-6&rft.aulast=MacLure&rft.aufirst=Millar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMyrsiadesPinsker1976" class="citation journal cs1">Myrsiades, Kostas; Pinsker, Sanford (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25111144">"A Bibliographical Guide to Teaching the Homeric Epics in College Courses"</a>. <i>College Literature</i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">237–</span>259. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-3139">0093-3139</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25111144">25111144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+Literature&rft.atitle=A+Bibliographical+Guide+to+Teaching+the+Homeric+Epics+in+College+Courses&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E237-%3C%2Fspan%3E259&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25111144%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0093-3139&rft.aulast=Myrsiades&rft.aufirst=Kostas&rft.au=Pinsker%2C+Sanford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25111144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicollScully2008" class="citation book cs1">Nicoll, Allardyce; Scully, Stephen, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/191024065"><i>Chapman's Homeric hymns and other Homerica</i></a>. Bollingen series. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13675-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13675-2"><bdi>978-0-691-13675-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191024065">191024065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapman%27s+Homeric+hymns+and+other+Homerica&rft.place=Princeton&rft.series=Bollingen+series&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191024065&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13675-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F191024065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPablo2012" class="citation web cs1">Pablo, Alvarez (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/translating-homer--from-papyri/the-english-homer#john-dryden">"The Englished Homer — Online Exhibit"</a>. <i>apps.lib.umich.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apps.lib.umich.edu&rft.atitle=The+Englished+Homer+%E2%80%94+Online+Exhibit&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Pablo&rft.aufirst=Alvarez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.lib.umich.edu%2Fonline-exhibits%2Fexhibits%2Fshow%2Ftranslating-homer--from-papyri%2Fthe-english-homer%23john-dryden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPacheDuéLupackLamberton2020" class="citation book cs1">Pache, Corinne Ondine; Dué, Casey; Lupack, Susan; Lamberton, Robert, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781139225649/type/book"><i>The Cambridge Guide to Homer</i></a> (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781139225649">10.1017/9781139225649</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-22564-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-22564-9"><bdi>978-1-139-22564-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Guide+to+Homer&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781139225649&rft.isbn=978-1-139-22564-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2F9781139225649%2Ftype%2Fbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><span id="CITEREFWolfe2020" class="citation">Wolfe, Jessica. "Homer in Renaissance Europe (1488‒1649)". In <a href="#CITEREFPacheDuéLupackLamberton2020">Pache et al. (2020)</a>, pp. 490–504.</span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoe2012" class="citation book cs1">Roe, Nicholas (2012). <i>John Keats: A New Life</i>. New Haven London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12465-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12465-1"><bdi>978-0-300-12465-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Keats%3A+A+New+Life&rft.place=New+Haven+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12465-1&rft.aulast=Roe&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2018" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Emily (2018). "Introduction". <i>The Odyssey</i>. New York London: W.W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08905-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08905-9"><bdi>978-0-393-08905-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Odyssey&rft.place=New+York+London&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-393-08905-9&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Emily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdyssey+%28George+Chapman+translation%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penelope" title="Penelope">Penelope</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemachus" title="Telemachus">Telemachus</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctimene" title="Ctimene">Ctimene</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlea" title="Anticlea">Anticlea</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laertes_(father_of_Odysseus)" title="Laertes (father of Odysseus)">Laertes</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolycus" title="Autolycus">Autolycus</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurycleia_of_Ithaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurycleia of Ithaca">Eurycleia</a> (chief servant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_(Odyssey)" title="Mentor (Odyssey)">Mentor</a> (advisor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phemius" title="Phemius">Phemius</a> (musician)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumaeus" title="Eumaeus">Eumaeus</a> (swineherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoetius" title="Philoetius">Philoetius</a> (cowherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthius_(Odyssey)" title="Melanthius (Odyssey)">Melanthius</a> (goatherd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melantho_(Odyssey)" title="Melantho (Odyssey)">Melantho</a> (maid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a> (herald)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argos_(dog)" title="Argos (dog)">Argos</a> (pet dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other monarchs<br />and royals</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcinous" title="Alcinous">Alcinous</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Phaeacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphates" title="Antiphates">Antiphates</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretus" title="Aretus">Aretus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)"> Arete</a> of Phaeacia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucalion_of_Crete" class="mw-redirect" title="Deucalion of Crete">Deucalion of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echetus" title="Echetus">Echetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echephron" title="Echephron">Echephron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_(son_of_Nestor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus (son of Nestor)">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratichus" title="Stratichus">Stratichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peisistratus_(Odyssey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peisistratus (Odyssey)">Peisistratus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a></li> <li>Princess <a href="/wiki/Nausicaa" title="Nausicaa">Nausicaa</a> of Phaeacia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodamas" title="Laodamas">Laodamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idomeneus" class="mw-redirect" title="Idomeneus">Idomeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentes_(King_of_the_Taphians)" title="Mentes (King of the Taphians)">Mentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasymedes_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrasymedes (mythology)">Thrasymedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolus" title="Aeolus">Aeolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ino (Greek mythology)">Ino</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_of_the_Sea" title="Old Man of the Sea">Old Man of the Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suitors_of_Penelope" title="Suitors of Penelope">Suitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agelaus" title="Agelaus">Agelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphimedon" title="Amphimedon">Amphimedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphinomus" title="Amphinomus">Amphinomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinous_of_Ithaca" title="Antinous of Ithaca">Antinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesippus" title="Ctesippus">Ctesippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demoptolemus" title="Demoptolemus">Demoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurymachus" title="Eurymachus">Eurymachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodes" title="Leodes">Leodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimedes" title="Perimedes">Perimedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlus" title="Anticlus">Anticlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphus" title="Antiphus">Antiphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclopes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polyphemus" title="Polyphemus">Polyphemus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demodocus_(Odyssey_character)" title="Demodocus (Odyssey character)">Demodocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolius" title="Dolius">Dolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elpenor" title="Elpenor">Elpenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupeithes" title="Eupeithes">Eupeithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryalus" title="Euryalus">Euryalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurylochus" title="Eurylochus">Eurylochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halitherses" title="Halitherses">Halitherses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles#Hero_or_god" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaeus" title="Arnaeus">Irus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Kikonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestrygonians" title="Laestrygonians">Laestrygones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaulius" title="Mesaulius">Mesaulius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polites_(friend_of_Odysseus)" title="Polites (friend of Odysseus)">Polites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydamna" title="Polydamna">Polydamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoclymenus" title="Theoclymenus">Theoclymenus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Odyssey" title="Geography of the Odyssey">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeaea" title="Aeaea">Aeaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolia_(mythical_island)" title="Aeolia (mythical island)">Aeolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismarus_(Thrace)" title="Ismarus (Thrace)">Ismarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogygia" title="Ogygia">Ogygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheria" title="Scheria">Scheria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepylos" title="Telepylos">Telepylos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrinacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrinacia">Thrinacia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_scholarship" title="Homeric scholarship">Homeric scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Laughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric Laughter">Homeric Laughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Question" title="Homeric Question">Homeric Question</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorizontes" title="Chorizontes">Chorizontes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgensen%27s_law" title="Jørgensen's law">Jørgensen's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Iliad" title="Historicity of the Iliad">Historicity of the Iliad</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Unbound" title="Odysseus Unbound">Odysseus Unbound</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Ithaca" title="Homer's Ithaca">Homer's Ithaca</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Cave_of_the_Nymphs_in_the_Odyssey" title="On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey">On the Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rediscovering_Homer" title="Rediscovering Homer">Rediscovering Homer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermoniakos%27_Iliad" title="Hermoniakos' Iliad">Hermoniakos' Iliad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysteron_proteron" title="Hysteron proteron">Hysteron proteron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithets_in_Homer" title="Epithets in Homer">Epithets in Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">Dactylic hexameter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_Homer" title="English translations of Homer">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Translating_Homer" title="On Translating Homer">On Translating Homer</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chapman</a> (1614–1615)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Alexander_Pope_translation)" title="Odyssey (Alexander Pope translation)">Pope</a> (1725–1726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Richmond_Lattimore_translation)" title="Odyssey (Richmond Lattimore translation)">Lattimore</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(Emily_Wilson_translation)" title="Odyssey (Emily Wilson translation)">Wilson</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_medias_res" title="In medias res">In medias res</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Scylla_and_Charybdis" title="Between Scylla and Charybdis">Between Scylla and Charybdis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Odissea_(1911_film)" title="L'Odissea (1911 film)">L'Odissea</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(1954_film)" title="Ulysses (1954 film)">Ulysses</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Ringo" title="The Return of Ringo">The Return of Ringo</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostos:_The_Return" title="Nostos: The Return">Nostos: The Return</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses%27_Gaze" title="Ulysses' Gaze">Ulysses' Gaze</a></i> (1995 Greek)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sans_plomb_(film)" title="Sans plomb (film)">Sans plomb</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou?">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_(film)" title="Keyhole (film)">Keyhole</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_(2024_film)" title="The Return (2024 film)">The Return</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(2026_film)" title="The Odyssey (2026 film)">The Odyssey</a></i> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(1968_miniseries)" title="The Odyssey (1968 miniseries)">The Odyssey</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_31" title="Ulysses 31">Ulysses 31</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(1997_miniseries)" title="The Odyssey (1997 miniseries)">The Odyssey</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mission_Odyssey" title="Mission Odyssey">Mission Odyssey</a></i> (2002–2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_and_the_Isle_of_the_Mists" title="Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists">Odysseus and the Isle of the Mists</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Odyssey" title="Star Trek: Odyssey">Star Trek: Odyssey</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prose fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_True_Story" title="A True Story">A True Story</a></i> (2nd century AD)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Aventures_de_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9maque" title="Les Aventures de Télémaque">Les Aventures de Télémaque</a></i> (1699)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Desire" title="The World's Desire">The World's Desire</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Comedy_(novel)" title="The Human Comedy (novel)">The Human Comedy</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Ithaca_(novel)" title="Return to Ithaca (novel)">Return to Ithaca</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Daughter" title="Homer's Daughter">Homer's Daughter</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Fish:_A_Novel_of_Mythic_Proportions" title="Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions">Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Penelopiad" title="The Penelopiad">The Penelopiad</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Books_of_the_Odyssey" title="The Lost Books of the Odyssey">The Lost Books of the Odyssey</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Circe_(novel)" title="Circe (novel)">Circe</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/On_First_Looking_into_Chapman%27s_Homer" title="On First Looking into Chapman's Homer">On First Looking into Chapman's Homer</a>" (1816)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(poem)" title="Ulysses (poem)">Ulysses</a>" (1842)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(poem)" title="Ithaca (poem)">Ithaca</a>" (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey:_A_Modern_Sequel" title="The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel">The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cantos" title="The Cantos">The Cantos</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Operetta" title="Pagan Operetta">Pagan Operetta</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Current_Nobody" title="Current Nobody">Current Nobody</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyclops_(play)" title="Cyclops (play)">Cyclops</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ithaka_(play)" title="Ithaka (play)">Ithaka</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_ritorno_d%27Ulisse_in_patria" title="Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria">Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria</a></i> (opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Apple_(musical)" title="The Golden Apple (musical)">The Golden Apple</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glam_Slam_Ulysses" title="Glam Slam Ulysses">Glam Slam Ulysses</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Sweet_Homer_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Sweet Homer (musical)">Home Sweet Homer</a></i> (musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus,_Verbrecher" title="Odysseus, Verbrecher">Odysseus, Verbrecher</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penelope_(Enda_Walsh_play)" title="Penelope (Enda Walsh play)">Penelope</a></i> (play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epic:_The_Musical" title="Epic: The Musical">Epic: The Musical</a></i> (album series)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Brave_Ulysses" title="Tales of Brave Ulysses">Tales of Brave Ulysses</a>" (song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(album)" title="The Odyssey (album)">The Odyssey</a></i> (album)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jar_(pelike)_with_Odysseus_and_Elpenor" title="Jar (pelike) with Odysseus and Elpenor">Jar with Odysseus and Elpenor</a> (c. 440 B.C.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_on_the_Island_of_the_Phaecians" title="Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians">Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians</a></i> (c. 1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telemachus_and_the_Nymphs_of_Calypso" title="Telemachus and the Nymphs of Calypso">Telemachus and the Nymphs of Calypso</a></i> (1782)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrow_of_Telemachus" title="The Sorrow of Telemachus">The Sorrow of Telemachus</a></i> (1783)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_at_the_Court_of_Alcinous" title="Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous">Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous</a></i> (1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Homer_(Ingres)" title="The Apotheosis of Homer (Ingres)">The Apotheosis of Homer</a></i> (1827)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_Deriding_Polyphemus" title="Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus">Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus</a></i> (1829)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sirens_and_Ulysses" title="The Sirens and Ulysses">The Sirens and Ulysses</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Circe_Offering_the_Cup_to_Ulysses" title="Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses">Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_and_the_Sirens_(Waterhouse)" title="Ulysses and the Sirens (Waterhouse)">Ulysses and the Sirens</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_and_Polyphemus_(B%C3%B6cklin)" title="Odysseus and Polyphemus (Böcklin)">Odysseus and Polyphemus</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_and_the_Sirens_(Draper)" title="Ulysses and the Sirens (Draper)">Ulysses and the Sirens</a></i> (1909)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey:_The_Search_for_Ulysses" title="Odyssey: The Search for Ulysses">Odyssey: The Search for Ulysses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_and_the_Amazing_Odyssey" title="Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey">Wishbone and the Amazing Odyssey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Homer" title="Apotheosis of Homer">Apotheosis of Homer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekyia" title="Nekyia">Nekyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostos" title="Nostos">Nostos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outis" title="Outis">Outis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Returns_from_Troy" title="Returns from Troy">Returns from Troy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telemachy" title="Telemachy">Telemachy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Horse" title="Trojan Horse">Trojan Horse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Odyssey" title="Category:Odyssey">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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