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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.LanguagesAndScripts%2CPalette%2CSite&only=styles&skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta 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href="//en.wiktionary.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wiktionary Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-化学 rootpage-化学 skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">化学</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="disambig-see-also">See also: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a></div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Chinese">1 Chinese</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Japanese">2 Japanese</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Etymology_1">2.1 Etymology 1</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pronunciation">2.1.1 Pronunciation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Noun">2.1.2 Noun</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-6"><a href="#Derived_terms">2.1.2.1 Derived terms</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Etymology_2">2.2 Etymology 2</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Pronunciation_2">2.2.1 Pronunciation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Noun_2">2.2.2 Noun</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#References">2.3 References</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chinese">Chinese</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chinese">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable zh-see mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid #797979;margin-left:1px;text-align:left;min-width:70%"><tbody><tr><td style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-dullcyan,#eaecf0);color:inherit;padding-left:0.5em">For pronunciation and definitions of <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96#Chinese" title="化">化</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6#Chinese" title="学">学</a> – see <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8#Chinese" title="化學">化學</a> (“study of change/transformations; <a href="/wiki/chemistry" title="chemistry">chemistry</a>; <a href="/wiki/celluloid" title="celluloid">celluloid</a>; etc.”). (This term is the simplified form of <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8#Chinese" title="化學">化學</a>).</td></tr><tr><td class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow,#FFFFe0);color:inherit;font-size:smaller">Notes:<ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a> is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.</li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="extiw" title="w:Traditional Chinese">Traditional Chinese</a> is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese">Japanese</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Japanese">edit</a>]</div> <div class="interproject-box sister-wikipedia sister-project noprint floatright"><div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/44px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/66px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/88px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 60px;">Japanese <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has an article on:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="w:ja:化学">化学</a></div></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="w:ja:化学">Wikipedia ja</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81571951">.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{font-size:90%;width:250px;padding:4px;text-align:left;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9);border:var(--border-color-base,#aaa)1px solid}@media screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.5;width:100%;max-width:100%}}</style> <div class="interproject-box sister-wikipedia sister-project noprint floatright"><div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/44px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/66px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/88px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 60px;">English <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has an article on:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" class="extiw" title="w:Chemistry">Chemistry</a></div></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" class="extiw" title="w:Chemistry">Wikipedia </a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81571951"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_1">Etymology 1</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology 1">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable kanji-table floatright" style="text-align: center; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Kanji</a> in this term </th></tr> <tr lang="ja" class="Jpan" style="font-size: 2em; background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit; line-height: 1em;"> <td style="padding: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96#Japanese" title="化">化</a> </td> <td style="padding: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="学">学</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit;"> <td>か <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kyōiku_kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Grade: 3</a> </td> <td>がく <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kyōiku_kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Grade: 1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kan'on" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">kan'on</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-weight:normal">Alternative spelling </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:108%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8#Japanese" title="化學">化學</a> (kyūjitai) </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#orthographic_borrowing" title="Appendix:Glossary">Orthographic borrowing</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" class="extiw" title="w:Chinese language">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8#Chinese" title="化學">化學</a>／<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Chinese">化学</a> (huàxué, literally “change + study”).<a href="#cite_note-KDJ2-1">[1]</a> Apparently first cited anywhere in an 1855 text in Chinese, in the diary of noted intellectual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Tao_(19th_century)" class="extiw" title="w:Wang Tao (19th century)">Wang Tao</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KDJ2-1">[1]</a> First cited in Japanese in an 1860 translation of a Dutch text by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%B7%9D%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%B8%E6%B0%91" class="extiw" title="w:ja:川本幸民">川本幸民</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawamoto_K%C5%8Dmin" class="extiw" title="w:Kawamoto Kōmin">Kawamoto Kōmin</a>).<a href="#cite_note-KDJ2-1">[1]</a> Superseded older term <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8E%E5%AF%86#Japanese" title="舎密">舎密</a> (seimi).<a href="#cite_note-KDJ2-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-K-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-DJR-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo dialect">Tokyo</a>) かがく <samp>[káꜜgàkù]</samp> (<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%9E%8B" title="頭高型">Atamadaka</a> – [1])<a href="#cite_note-DJR-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-SMK5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NHK-5">[5]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Japanese pronunciation">key</a>): [ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Noun">Noun</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Noun">edit</a>]</div> <ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F#Japanese" title="かがく">か</a></rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F#Japanese" title="かがく">がく</a></rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Japanese_transliteration" title="Wiktionary:Japanese transliteration">•</a> (<a href="/wiki/kagaku#Japanese" title="kagaku">kagaku</a>) ←<a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F#Japanese" title="くわがく">くわがく</a> (kwagaku)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography" class="extiw" title="w:Historical kana orthography">?</a> <ol><li>[from 1860] <a href="/wiki/chemistry" title="chemistry">chemistry</a> (branch of natural science)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Derived terms">edit</a>]</div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align: left;">Derived terms</div> <div class="NavContent derivedterms ul-column-count" data-column-count="3" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%89%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学剤 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学剤<rp>(</rp><rt>がくざい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagakuzai, “chemical agent”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F#Japanese" title="化学式"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学式<rp>(</rp><rt>がくしき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagakushiki, “chemical formula”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85#Japanese" title="化学者"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学者<rp>(</rp><rt>がくしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagakusha, “chemist”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学戦 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学戦<rp>(</rp><rt>がくせん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagakusen, “chemical warfare”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学線 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学線<rp>(</rp><rt>がくせん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagakusen, “actinic rays”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学品 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学品<rp>(</rp><rt>がくひん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagakuhin, “chemical, chemical product”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84#Japanese" title="化学的"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学的<rp>(</rp><rt>がくてき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagakuteki, “chemical”, adjective)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%B8%E7%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学吸着 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>吸着<rp>(</rp><rt>きゅうちゃく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku kyūchaku, “chemisorb”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学結合 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>結合<rp>(</rp><rt>けつごう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku ketsugō, “chemical bond”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学研磨 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>研<rp>(</rp><rt>けん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>磨<rp>(</rp><rt>ま</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku kenma, “chemical polishing”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="化学工学"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>工学<rp>(</rp><rt>こうがく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku kōgaku, “chemical engineering”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学工業 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>工<rp>(</rp><rt>こう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>業<rp>(</rp><rt>ぎょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku kōgyō, “chemical industry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%94%BB%E6%92%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学攻撃 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>攻撃<rp>(</rp><rt>こうげき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku kōgeki, “chemical attack”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学構造 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>構造<rp>(</rp><rt>こうぞう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku kōzō, “chemical structure”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%88%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学合成 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>合成<rp>(</rp><rt>ごうせい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku gōsei, “chemosynthesis”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学作用 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>作<rp>(</rp><rt>さ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>用<rp>(</rp><rt>よう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku sayō, “chemical action”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%A9%A6%E9%A8%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学試験 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>試<rp>(</rp><rt>し</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>験<rp>(</rp><rt>けん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku shiken, “chemical test”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学進化 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>進<rp>(</rp><rt>しん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku shinka, “chemical evolution”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学製品 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>製品<rp>(</rp><rt>せいひん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku seihin, “chemical”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%B9%8A%E7%B6%AD#Japanese" title="化学繊維"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>繊<rp>(</rp><rt>せん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>維<rp>(</rp><rt>い</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku sen'i, “synthetic fibers”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%A7%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学天秤 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>天秤<rp>(</rp><rt>てんびん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku tenbin, “chemical balance”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E9%87%8F#Japanese" title="化学当量"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>当<rp>(</rp><rt>とう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>量<rp>(</rp><rt>りょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku tōryō, “chemical equivalent”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%99%BA%E5%85%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学発光 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>発光<rp>(</rp><rt>はっこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku hakkō, “chemoluminescence”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C#Japanese" title="化学反応"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>反応<rp>(</rp><rt>はんのう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku hannō, “chemical reaction”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%82%A5%E6%96%99#Japanese" title="化学肥料"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>肥<rp>(</rp><rt>ひ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>料<rp>(</rp><rt>りょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku hiryō, “chemical fertilizer”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学物質 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>物質<rp>(</rp><rt>ぶっしつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku busshitsu, “chemical substances”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90#Japanese" title="化学分析"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>分析<rp>(</rp><rt>ぶんせき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku bunseki, “chemical analysis”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8#Japanese" title="化学兵器"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>兵<rp>(</rp><rt>へい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>器<rp>(</rp><rt>き</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku heiki, “chemical weapons”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1#Japanese" title="化学平衡"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>平衡<rp>(</rp><rt>へいこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku heikō, “chemical equilibrium”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%89%E5%8C%96#Japanese" title="化学変化"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>変<rp>(</rp><rt>へん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku henka, “chemical change”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%96%AC%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学薬品 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>薬品<rp>(</rp><rt>やくひん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku yakuhin, “chemicals”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学療法 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>療<rp>(</rp><rt>りょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>法<rp>(</rp><rt>ほう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku ryōhō, “chemotherapy”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学エネルギー (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>エネルギー</a> (kagaku enerugī, “chemical energy”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E3%83%9D%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学ポテンシャル (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ポテンシャル</a> (kagaku potensharu, “chemical potential”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%AA%BF%E5%91%B3%E6%96%99#Japanese" title="化学調味料"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学調<rp>(</rp><rt>がくちょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>味<rp>(</rp><rt>み</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>料<rp>(</rp><rt>りょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku chōmiryō, “chemical seasoning”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学熱力学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学熱力学<rp>(</rp><rt>がくねつりきがく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku netsurikigaku, “chemical thermodynamics”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学反応式 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学反応式<rp>(</rp><rt>がくはんのうしき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku-hannōshiki, “reaction formula”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学物理学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学物<rp>(</rp><rt>がくぶつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>理<rp>(</rp><rt>り</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku butsurigaku, “chemical physics”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F#Japanese" title="化学方程式"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学方<rp>(</rp><rt>がくほう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>程<rp>(</rp><rt>てい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>式<rp>(</rp><rt>しき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku hōteishiki, “chemical equation”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%B1%9A%E6%9F%93%E7%81%BD%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学汚染災害 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学汚<rp>(</rp><rt>がくお</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>染災害<rp>(</rp><rt>せんさいがい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku osen saigai, “chemical contamination disaster”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%B5%B8%E9%80%8F%E5%9C%A7%E8%AA%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学浸透圧説 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学浸透<rp>(</rp><rt>がくしんとう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>圧説<rp>(</rp><rt>あつせつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku shintō-atsusetsu, “chemiosmotic hypothesis”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9D%E9%81%94%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA#Japanese" title="化学伝達物質"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学伝達物質<rp>(</rp><rt>がくでんたつぶっしつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku dentatsu busshitsu, “chemotransmitter”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学兵器禁止条約 (page does not exist)"><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学兵<rp>(</rp><rt>がくへい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>器禁<rp>(</rp><rt>ききん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>止条<rp>(</rp><rt>しじょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>約<rp>(</rp><rt>やく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kagaku heiki kinshi jōyaku, “chemical weapons ban treaty”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>医化<rp>(</rp><rt>いか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (ikagaku, “medical chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="光化学"><ruby>光<rp>(</rp><rt>こう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kōkagaku, “photochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="生化学"><ruby>生<rp>(</rp><rt>せい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (seikagaku, “biochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="理化学"><ruby>理化<rp>(</rp><rt>りか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (rikagaku, “physics and chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="応用化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>応用<rp>(</rp><rt>おうよう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (ōyō kagaku, “applied chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="界面化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>界面<rp>(</rp><rt>かいめん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kaimen kagaku, “surface chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="計算化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>計算<rp>(</rp><rt>けいさん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (keisan kagaku, “computational chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工業化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>工<rp>(</rp><rt>こう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>業<rp>(</rp><rt>ぎょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kōgyō kagaku, “industrial chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合成化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>合成<rp>(</rp><rt>ごうせい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (gōsei kagaku, “synthetic chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="生物化学"><ruby>生物<rp>(</rp><rt>せいぶつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (seibutsu kagaku, “biochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="石油化学"><ruby>石<rp>(</rp><rt>せき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>油<rp>(</rp><rt>ゆ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (sekiyu kagaku, “petrochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="地球化学"><ruby>地<rp>(</rp><rt>ち</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>球<rp>(</rp><rt>きゅう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (chikyū kagaku, “geochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電気化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>電<rp>(</rp><rt>でん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>気<rp>(</rp><rt>き</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (denki kagaku, “electrochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E8%8A%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農芸化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>農芸<rp>(</rp><rt>のうげい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (nōgei kagaku, “agricultural chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="物理化学"><ruby>物<rp>(</rp><rt>ぶつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>理<rp>(</rp><rt>り</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (butsuri kagaku, “physical chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="分析化学"><ruby>分析<rp>(</rp><rt>ぶんせき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (bunseki kagaku, “analytical chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="無機化学"><ruby>無機<rp>(</rp><rt>むき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (muki kagaku, “inorganic chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="有機化学"><ruby>有<rp>(</rp><rt>ゆう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>機<rp>(</rp><rt>き</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (yūki kagaku, “organic chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立体化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>立体<rp>(</rp><rt>りったい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (rittai kagaku, “stereochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="量子化学"><ruby>量<rp>(</rp><rt>りょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>子<rp>(</rp><rt>し</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (ryōshi kagaku, “quantum chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理論化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>理<rp>(</rp><rt>り</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>論<rp>(</rp><rt>ろん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (riron kagaku, “theoretical chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>宇<rp>(</rp><rt>う</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>宙<rp>(</rp><rt>ちゅう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (uchū kagaku, “cosmochemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="コロイド化学 (page does not exist)">コロイド<ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (koroido kagaku, “colloid chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%AF%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81#Japanese" title="精密化学品"><ruby>精密<rp>(</rp><rt>せいみつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学品<rp>(</rp><rt>がくひん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (seimitsu kagakuhin, “fine chemical”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%B3%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ノーベル化学賞 (page does not exist)">ノーベル<ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>賞<rp>(</rp><rt>しょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (nōberu-kagakushō, “Nobel Prize in Chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ガス化学工業 (page does not exist)">ガス<ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学工<rp>(</rp><rt>がくこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>業<rp>(</rp><rt>ぎょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (gasu kagaku kōgyō, “gas chemical industry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合成化学工業 (page does not exist)"><ruby>合成<rp>(</rp><rt>ごうせい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学工<rp>(</rp><rt>がくこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>業<rp>(</rp><rt>ぎょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (gōsei kagaku kōgyō, “synthetic chemical industry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%B5%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物化学兵器 (page does not exist)"><ruby>生物<rp>(</rp><rt>せいぶつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学兵<rp>(</rp><rt>がくへい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>器<rp>(</rp><rt>き</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (seibutsu kagaku heiki, “biological and chemical weapons”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高分子化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>高<rp>(</rp><rt>こう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>分<rp>(</rp><rt>ぶん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>子<rp>(</rp><rt>し</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (kōbunshi kagaku, “high polymer chemistry”)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子進化学 (page does not exist)"><ruby>分<rp>(</rp><rt>ぶ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>子<rp>(</rp><rt>んし</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>進<rp>(</rp><rt>しん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt>か</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt>がく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></a> (bunshi-shinkagaku, “molecular evolution”)</li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology 2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Etymology 2">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable kanji-table floatright" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Kanji</a> in this term </th></tr> <tr lang="ja" class="Jpan" style="font-size: 2em; background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit; line-height: 1em;"> <td style="padding: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96#Japanese" title="化">化</a> </td> <td style="padding: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="学">学</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: var(--wikt-palette-white,#ffffff); color: inherit;"> <td>ば(け) <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kyōiku_kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Grade: 3</a> </td> <td>がく <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kyōiku_kanji" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">Grade: 1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kun'yomi" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">kun'yomi</a> </td> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_glossary#kan'on" title="Appendix:Japanese glossary">kan'on</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-weight:normal">Alternative spelling </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:108%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8#Japanese" title="化學">化學</a> (kyūjitai) </td></tr></tbody></table> Reanalysis of <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Japanese:_kagaku">化学</a> (kagaku), as a compound of <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E3%81%91#Japanese" title="化け">化け</a> (bake, stem of <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B#Japanese" title="化ける">化ける</a> (bakeru, “to <a href="/wiki/transform" title="transform">transform</a>”)) +‎ <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="学">学</a> (-gaku, “<a href="/wiki/-logy" title="-logy">-logy</a>; <a href="/wiki/-graphy" title="-graphy">-graphy</a>”). Alternative reading sometimes used to differentiate from phonetically identical <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6#Japanese" title="科学">科学</a> (kagaku, “<a href="/wiki/science" title="science">science</a>”).<a href="#cite_note-KDJ2-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-K-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-DJR-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-SMK5-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-DDJS-6">[6]</a> First cited to a 1967 novel by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%9F%E5%AF%8C%E6%9E%9D" class="extiw" title="w:ja:大原富枝">大原富枝</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomie_%C5%8Chara" class="extiw" title="w:Tomie Ōhara">Ōhara Tomie</a>).<a href="#cite_note-KDJ2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_dialect" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo dialect">Tokyo</a>) ばけがく <samp>[bàkéꜜgàkù]</samp> (<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%9E%8B" title="中高型">Nakadaka</a> – [2])<a href="#cite_note-DJR-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-NHK-5">[5]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Japanese_pronunciation" title="Appendix:Japanese pronunciation">key</a>): [ba̠ke̞ɡa̠kɯ̟]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Noun_2">Noun</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Noun">edit</a>]</div> <ruby>化<rp>(</rp><rt><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B0%E3%81%91%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F#Japanese" title="ばけがく">ばけ</a></rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><ruby>学<rp>(</rp><rt><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B0%E3%81%91%E3%81%8C%E3%81%8F#Japanese" title="ばけがく">がく</a></rt><rp>)</rp></ruby> <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Japanese_transliteration" title="Wiktionary:Japanese transliteration">•</a> (<a href="/wiki/bakegaku#Japanese" title="bakegaku">bakegaku</a>)  <ol><li>[from 1967] <a href="/wiki/chemistry" title="chemistry">chemistry</a> (branch of natural science)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KDJ2-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-KDJ2_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KDJ2_1-1">1.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KDJ2_1-2">1.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KDJ2_1-3">1.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KDJ2_1-4">1.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KDJ2_1-5">1.5</a> “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6">化学</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8" class="extiw" title="w:ja:日本国語大辞典">日本国語大辞典</a></cite> [<cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon_Kokugo_Daijiten" class="extiw" title="w:Nihon Kokugo Daijiten">Nihon Kokugo Daijiten</a></cite>]‎<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://kotobank.jp/dictionary/nikkokuseisen/">[1]</a> (in Japanese), concise edition, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogakukan" class="extiw" title="w:Shogakukan">Shogakukan</a>, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-K-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-K_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-K_2-1">2.1</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinmura_Izuru" class="extiw" title="w:Shinmura Izuru">Shinmura, Izuru</a>, editor (1998), <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%BA%83%E8%BE%9E%E8%8B%91" class="extiw" title="w:ja:広辞苑">広辞苑</a></cite> [<cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Djien" class="extiw" title="w:Kōjien">Kōjien</a></cite>] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwanami_Shoten" class="extiw" title="w:Iwanami Shoten">Iwanami Shoten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4000801112" title="Special:BookSources/4000801112">→ISBN</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DJR-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-DJR_3-0">3.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJR_3-1">3.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJR_3-2">3.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJR_3-3">3.3</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E6%9D%BE%E6%9D%91%E6%98%8E" class="extiw" title="w:ja:松村明">Matsumura, Akira</a>, editor (2006), <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%9E%97" class="extiw" title="w:ja:大辞林">大辞林</a></cite> [<cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daijirin" class="extiw" title="w:Daijirin">Daijirin</a></cite>] (in Japanese), Third edition, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanseid%C5%8D" class="extiw" title="w:Sanseidō">Sanseidō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-385-13905-9" title="Special:BookSources/4-385-13905-9">→ISBN</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMK5-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SMK5_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMK5_4-1">4.1</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dsuke_Kindaichi" class="extiw" title="w:Kyōsuke Kindaichi">Kindaichi, Kyōsuke</a> et al., editors (1997), <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E6%96%B0%E6%98%8E%E8%A7%A3%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8" class="extiw" title="w:ja:新明解国語辞典">新明解国語辞典</a></cite> [<cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Meikai_kokugo_jiten" class="extiw" title="w:Shin Meikai kokugo jiten">Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten</a></cite>] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanseid%C5%8D" class="extiw" title="w:Sanseidō">Sanseidō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-385-13143-0" title="Special:BookSources/4-385-13143-0">→ISBN</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHK-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NHK_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHK_5-1">5.1</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:NHK%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="extiw" title="w:ja:NHK放送文化研究所">NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute</a>, editor (1998), <cite>NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典</cite> [<cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" class="extiw" title="w:NHK">NHK</a> Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary</cite>] (in Japanese), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="w:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:NHK%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" class="extiw" title="w:ja:NHK出版">NHK Publishing, Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-14-011112-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-14-011112-3">→ISBN</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDJS-6"><a href="#cite_ref-DDJS_6-0"> ^ </a> “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/化学#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89">化学</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ja:%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%B3%89#電子版" class="extiw" title="w:ja:大辞泉">デジタル大辞泉</a></cite> [<cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daijisen#Online_search_engines" class="extiw" title="w:Daijisen">Digital Daijisen</a></cite>]‎<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://kotobank.jp/dictionary/daijisen/">[2]</a> (in Japanese), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" class="extiw" title="w:Tōkyō">Tōkyō</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shogakukan.co.jp/">Shogakukan</a>, updated roughly every four months </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 March 2023, at 16:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Definitions and other text are available under the 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