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From 1955 to 1967 U.S. Army documentaries, British Pathé newsreels, and various television reports sought to acquaint viewers in the West with Thai demographics and culture, and the air bases from which the U.S. military was operating. They were vehicles to rationalize U.S. military activity in Southeast Asia, economic aid to Thailand, and the necessity to stop communist insurgence in Vietnam, Laos, and the northeast provinces of Thailand. The films can be grouped according to phases of the Cold War and particular events:1955-59: SEATO and the U.S.-Thai alliance; 1960: The Thai royal couple in the U.S.; 1961-1963: U.S. military buildup in Thailand; and 1964-67: Conflict escalation. The paper discusses the films within their historic contexts and explores their representations of Thailand. An awareness of their underlying messages leads to a deeper understanding of the dynamic U.S.-Thai alliance, Thailand’s complex role during the Vietnam War, and the international effort to prevent the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alexander J . Klemm","url":"https://paragoniu.academia.edu/AlexanderKlemm"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2019-01-04","datePublished":"2018-01-01","headline":"Representations of Cold War Thailand in U.S. Army Documentaries and British Pathé Newsreels 1955-1967","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58115925/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Film Studies","Cold War","Thailand","Thai History","Documentary Film","Cold War history","Cinema Studies","History of the Cold War","U.s. Army History"],"publication":"Proceedings Article - The Asian Congress for Media and Communication Conference, Taipei, Taiwan","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"paragoniu"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58115925/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38088720/Representations_of_Cold_War_Thailand_in_U_S_Army_Documentaries_and_British_Path%C3%A9_Newsreels_1955_1967"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38088720%2FRepresentations_of_Cold_War_Thailand_in_U_S_Army_Documentaries_and_British_Path%25C3%25A9_Newsreels_1955_1967%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":58115925,"identifier":"Attachment_58115925","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":38088720,"created_at":"2019-01-04T10:50:51.053-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-29T20:10:48.381-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Rising Cold War tensions between the United States, USSR and China, fear of an unstoppable expansion of Communism in Southeast Asia, and France’s withdrawal from Vietnam in 1954 resulted in the foundation of\nSEATO (Southeast Asian Treaty Organization) and a rapid increase in U.S. military presence in Thailand. From 1955 to 1967 U.S. Army documentaries, British Pathé newsreels, and various television reports sought to acquaint viewers in the West with Thai demographics and culture, and the air bases from which the U.S. military was operating. They were vehicles to rationalize U.S. military activity in Southeast Asia, economic aid to Thailand, and the necessity to stop communist insurgence in Vietnam, Laos, and the northeast provinces of Thailand. The films can be grouped according to phases of the Cold War and particular events:1955-59: SEATO and the U.S.-Thai alliance; 1960: The Thai royal couple in the U.S.; 1961-1963: U.S. military buildup in\nThailand; and 1964-67: Conflict escalation. The paper discusses the films within their historic contexts and explores their representations of Thailand. An awareness of their underlying messages leads to a deeper\nunderstanding of the dynamic U.S.-Thai alliance, Thailand’s complex role during the Vietnam War, and the international effort to prevent the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia.","ai_title_tag":"Cold War Thailand in U.S. Army Documentaries (1955-67)","publication_date":"2018,,","publication_name":"Proceedings Article - The Asian Congress for Media and Communication Conference, Taipei, Taiwan"},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"spam","language":"en","title":"Representations of Cold War Thailand in U.S. Army Documentaries and British Pathé Newsreels 1955-1967","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [13851262]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":58115925,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Representations of Cold War Thailand in U.S. Army Documentaries and British Pathé Newsreels 1955-1967”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58115925/mini_magick20190104-13644-1wbh7d3.png?1546628022" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Representations of Cold War Thailand in U.S. Army Documentaries and British Pathé Newsreels 1955-1967</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13851262" href="https://paragoniu.academia.edu/AlexanderKlemm"><img alt="Profile image of Alexander J . Klemm" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/13851262/3840458/143148198/s65_alexander.klemm.png" />Alexander J . Klemm</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Proceedings Article - The Asian Congress for Media and Communication Conference, Taipei, Taiwan</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">15 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 38088720; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=38088720"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Rising Cold War tensions between the United States, USSR and China, fear of an unstoppable expansion of Communism in Southeast Asia, and France’s withdrawal from Vietnam in 1954 resulted in the foundation of SEATO (Southeast Asian Treaty Organization) and a rapid increase in U.S. military presence in Thailand. From 1955 to 1967 U.S. Army documentaries, British Pathé newsreels, and various television reports sought to acquaint viewers in the West with Thai demographics and culture, and the air bases from which the U.S. military was operating. They were vehicles to rationalize U.S. military activity in Southeast Asia, economic aid to Thailand, and the necessity to stop communist insurgence in Vietnam, Laos, and the northeast provinces of Thailand. The films can be grouped according to phases of the Cold War and particular events:1955-59: SEATO and the U.S.-Thai alliance; 1960: The Thai royal couple in the U.S.; 1961-1963: U.S. military buildup in Thailand; and 1964-67: Conflict escalation. The paper discusses the films within their historic contexts and explores their representations of Thailand. An awareness of their underlying messages leads to a deeper understanding of the dynamic U.S.-Thai alliance, Thailand’s complex role during the Vietnam War, and the international effort to prevent the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":58115925,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38088720/Representations_of_Cold_War_Thailand_in_U_S_Army_Documentaries_and_British_Path%C3%A9_Newsreels_1955_1967"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":58115925,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38088720/Representations_of_Cold_War_Thailand_in_U_S_Army_Documentaries_and_British_Path%C3%A9_Newsreels_1955_1967"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Thailand, the United States and China</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44118301" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/GregRaymond">Gregory V Raymond</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29844230" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/JohnBlaxland">John Blaxland</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Professor John Blaxland and Dr Greg Raymond’s Centre of Gravity paper breaks new ground in our understanding of Thai strategic and military culture and how Thai security elites view the United States, China, and the shifting geopolitical landscape in Asia. This analysis provides a roadmap to scholars seeking to understand shifting Thai policies and for policymakers seeking to maintain a strong footing for the U.S.-Thailand alliance during a time of strategic flux. This paper is co-badged with the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Washington D.C, USA. It was funded by a grant from the Minerva Research Institute.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tipping the Balance in Southeast Asia? Thailand, the United States and China","attachmentId":55053431,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35192394/Tipping_the_Balance_in_Southeast_Asia_Thailand_the_United_States_and_China","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35192394/Tipping_the_Balance_in_Southeast_Asia_Thailand_the_United_States_and_China"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="29580423" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29580423/THE_FOREIGN_PRESS_CHANGING_PERCEPTIONS_OF_THAILANDS_MONARCHY_Trends_in_Southeast_Asia">THE FOREIGN PRESS' CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF THAILAND'S MONARCHY Trends in Southeast Asia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32019954" href="https://chula.academia.edu/PPawakapan">Puangthong R. Pawakapan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • During the Cold War, well-informed foreign journalists did not naïvely accept the Thai official narrative that the monarchy was strictly above politics. They were well aware of the influence and political power of the palace. • However, they believed the institution was necessary for Thailand to survive the communist threat, oppressive military leaders and corrupt politicians. For decades, their coverage helped promoted the benign image of the institution internationally. • The intransigent crisis in Thailand since the coup d’état of 2006 inevitably affected foreign press coverage regarding the key players’ role in the conflict. Discussions of the role of the monarchy and the royalist elites have appeared more frequently than ever and become increasingly critical. • The apparent changes in foreign journalists’ perceptions since 2006 appear to be the result of the anti-democratic behaviour of the monarchists and of the royalist movement; and the increase in lèse majesté charges. The establishment’s unnecessary fear of losing power and inability to adapt to socio-political change are viewed as an immense obstacle to Thailand’s democratization and to efforts at conflict resolution.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE FOREIGN PRESS' CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF THAILAND'S MONARCHY Trends in Southeast Asia","attachmentId":50024500,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29580423/THE_FOREIGN_PRESS_CHANGING_PERCEPTIONS_OF_THAILANDS_MONARCHY_Trends_in_Southeast_Asia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29580423/THE_FOREIGN_PRESS_CHANGING_PERCEPTIONS_OF_THAILANDS_MONARCHY_Trends_in_Southeast_Asia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="2529859" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2529859/A_regional_security_complex_analysis_of_the_Preah_Vihear_temple_conflict_1953_1962">A regional security complex analysis of the Preah Vihear temple conflict, 1953–1962</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="215024" href="https://thammasat.academia.edu/PBunyavejchewin">Poowin Bunyavejchewin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ritsumeikan Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 32 (2013): 14-26.</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The “regional security complex” (RSC) framework is used to examine the first phase of the Preah Vihear temple conflict between Thailand and Cambodia in the time period from 1953 to 1962. Analysis by this framework suggests that the said boundary conflict was shaped by constellations of enmity associated with nationalist myths of nationhood, the preferences of the leaders of the two sides dealing with the conflict, and the potential of the spilling over of negative externalities to other states. 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As such, it is postulated that Cambodia-Thailand diplomatic relations should not be seen simply as relations between two unitary states cooperating with or securitizing against one another, but rather as a matrix of intertwining relationships between various social and political groups in both states harboring competing ideologies and/or interests to advance their power positions at home.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cambodian - Thai Diplomatic Relations since 1950","attachmentId":34330722,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/876632/Cambodian_Thai_Diplomatic_Relations_since_1950","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/876632/Cambodian_Thai_Diplomatic_Relations_since_1950"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="36485625" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36485625/Choosing_Sides_Illiberalism_and_Hedging_in_the_Philippines_and_Thailand">Choosing Sides? 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Illiberalism and Hedging in the Philippines and Thailand","attachmentId":56404317,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36485625/Choosing_Sides_Illiberalism_and_Hedging_in_the_Philippines_and_Thailand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36485625/Choosing_Sides_Illiberalism_and_Hedging_in_the_Philippines_and_Thailand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="36306503" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36306503/Confronting_Communism_Sang_Phatthanothai_and_Thailands_Dynamic_Relationship_with_the_Cold_War_World_1948_1957">Confronting Communism: Sang Phatthanothai and Thailand's Dynamic Relationship with the Cold War World, 1948–1957</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="278415" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MitchellTan">Mitchell Tan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">As a highly influential political figure in the Second Phibun era (1948–57), Sang Phatthanothai charted unique paths for the Thai nation-state in the emerging Cold War. In multifarious roles — as labour organizer, newspaper editor and back-channel diplomat — Sang orchestrated Thai connections with both the People’s Republic of China and transnational anti-communist organizations like the spiritual Moral Re-Armament movement in the 1950s. An intellectual and political history of his career reveals a flexible and adaptive vision of Thailand’s relationship with international developments in the post-war world. Governing this vision was Sang’s dynamic assessment of what best protected the Thai nation’s identity and independence.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Confronting Communism: Sang Phatthanothai and Thailand's Dynamic Relationship with the Cold War World, 1948–1957","attachmentId":56753077,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36306503/Confronting_Communism_Sang_Phatthanothai_and_Thailands_Dynamic_Relationship_with_the_Cold_War_World_1948_1957","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36306503/Confronting_Communism_Sang_Phatthanothai_and_Thailands_Dynamic_Relationship_with_the_Cold_War_World_1948_1957"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="25440055" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25440055/Standing_Up_to_Giants_Thailand_s_Exit_from_20th_Century_War_Partnerships">Standing Up to Giants: Thailand’s Exit from 20th Century War Partnerships</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48846869" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PalapanKampan">Palapan Kampan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian Social Science, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article examines the U.S.-Thai relationship through various changes, paying close attention to strategic military operations within the Kingdom and into neighbouring countries. Multifaceted impacts of American outsourcing and corporate expansion are discussed. Thailand's role in the War on Terror amid domestic political turmoil and global economic uncertainty draw questions of the value of the 20 th century relationship model. Controversy about undeclared wars within the United States supports argument that Thailand should further remove itself from American-led foreign wars. As the ASEAN partnership continues to play a more dominant role in Thai government policy, with regional concerns more relevant than transpacific issues, Thailand is urged to revise legislation to protect its own security and interests. Such a focus is expected to reestablish Thailand as a regional leader.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Standing Up to Giants: Thailand’s Exit from 20th Century War Partnerships","attachmentId":45757076,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25440055/Standing_Up_to_Giants_Thailand_s_Exit_from_20th_Century_War_Partnerships","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25440055/Standing_Up_to_Giants_Thailand_s_Exit_from_20th_Century_War_Partnerships"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="36780762" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36780762/Mnemonic_hegemony_spatial_hierarchy_and_Thailands_official_commemoration_of_the_Second_World_War">Mnemonic hegemony, spatial hierarchy and Thailand's official commemoration of the Second World War</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44118301" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/GregRaymond">Gregory V Raymond</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Commemoration of the Second World War in Southeast Asia varies significantly, from countries that have chosen to use the memory of Japanese occupation as a means of strengthening national unity, to those that pay little attention because doing so would distract from their own independence struggle. Thailand is one of those countries that downplays its official memory of the Second World War. This article investigates why, given that the Second World War saw significant loss of life and damage to Thai sovereignty, as well as acts of heroism, it occupies a marginal position in Thailand's public memory. While Second World War history is not suppressed in history textbooks, Thailand's Second World War monuments and commemorative ceremonies are either dispersed or disguised. To explain why this is the case, I examine firstly sensitivity to foreign perceptions, and secondly domestic politics in the aftermath of the Second World War. I argue that domestic politics offers a more convincing explanation, particularly with regard to the relatively obscure place of the Seri Thai resistance movement. Using the concept of mnemonic hegemony, and through analysis of the spatial distribution of Second World War monuments, I argue that Thailand's Second World War history remains challenging and uncomfortable for Thailand's dominant institutions, the monarchy and the military.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mnemonic hegemony, spatial hierarchy and Thailand's official commemoration of the Second World War","attachmentId":56728908,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36780762/Mnemonic_hegemony_spatial_hierarchy_and_Thailands_official_commemoration_of_the_Second_World_War","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36780762/Mnemonic_hegemony_spatial_hierarchy_and_Thailands_official_commemoration_of_the_Second_World_War"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="22684412" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22684412/Writing_the_City_into_Being_Cold_War_Bangkok_in_The_Ninth_Directive_1966_">Writing the City into Being: Cold War Bangkok in "The Ninth Directive" (1966)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13851262" href="https://paragoniu.academia.edu/AlexanderKlemm">Alexander J . Klemm</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Eclectic Representations Journal, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents an analysis of the novel "The Ninth Directive" (1966) by British author Elleston Trevor (a.k.a. Adam Hall) by focusing on its historical and literary contexts and on the construction of Bangkok as an urban stage of Cold War clashes between British, U.S. American and Chinese interests. The paper seeks to determine exactly how Bangkok is portrayed in the novel and to what ends. The theoretical framework is based on various recent publications that deal with the representation of Bangkok and Thailand in western fiction and non-fiction texts. The results show that The Ninth Directive fits some characteristics of the city novel genre, yet it does not fully develop Bangkok into a character of its own right because the primary purpose is to present Bangkok as a strategic center from where the western and Thai forces succeed at stopping the spread of Chinese Communism. This representation is solely based on the observations of the British agent Quiller, the protagonist. At first, the city is portrayed as an idyllic paradise before it is turned into a city under siege. Moreover, the author's imagined Cold War confrontation reveals his underlying Orientalist, colonial and imperial attitudes, which are most apparent in the portrayal of the antagonist. Named 'Kuo the Mongolian', the Chinese-Communist assassin Kuo embodies western fears of a rising China and the spread of Communism. Keywords: Bangkok, Cold War, city, fiction, representation, Orientalism</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Writing the City into Being: Cold War Bangkok in \"The Ninth Directive\" (1966)","attachmentId":43264380,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22684412/Writing_the_City_into_Being_Cold_War_Bangkok_in_The_Ninth_Directive_1966_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22684412/Writing_the_City_into_Being_Cold_War_Bangkok_in_The_Ninth_Directive_1966_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="7499245" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7499245/Factional_Politics_and_Foreign_Policy_Choices_in_Cambodia_Thailand_Diplomatic_Relations_1950_2014">Factional Politics and Foreign Policy Choices in Cambodia-Thailand Diplomatic Relations, 1950-2014</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234532" href="https://zamanuniversity.academia.edu/SokUdomDeth">Sok Udom Deth</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Humboldt University thesis e-doc, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent scholarship on Cambodian-Thai relations has focused mainly on the Preah Vihear temple disputes and border conflicts between the two neighboring countries. Such aspects as “embedded nationalism” and “historical animosity” have been commonly cited as factors that cause enmity between Cambodia and Thailand. Although an increasing number of scholars have pointed to domestic political problems in Thailand as the roots of the Cambodian-Thai diplomatic fallout, such an observation has generally been applied to the recent relations only. This dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Cambodia-Thailand diplomatic relations over the past six decades, specifically from 1950 to 2014. In addition to empirical discussion, this dissertation seeks to explain why Cambodian-Thai relationships have fluctuated and what primary factors caused the shifts during the period discussed. In doing so, it employs the “social conflict” analysis, which views states not as unitary actors, but within which is comprised of different societal forces competing with one another and pursues foreign policies in accordance with their own ideology, interest, and strategy. As such, it is postulated that Cambodia-Thailand diplomatic relations should not be seen simply as relations between two unitary states cooperating with or securitizing against one another, but rather as a matrix of intertwining relationships between various social and political groups in both states harboring competing ideologies and/or interests to advance their power positions at home. Two inter-related arguments are therefore put forward in this research. Firstly, Cambodian-Thai relations are likely to be cooperative and amicable when both governments in power are civilian-democratically elected regimes and share similar ideologies, mutual economic interests, as well as security outlooks. Conversely, relations between them tend to deteriorate when these factors are not reciprocal. This is particularly true when one government has more in common with the dissidents of the government of the other side. Secondly, though antagonistic nationalism does exist between Cambodia and Thailand, it is not a constant variable or a determinant of the two nations’ foreign relations. This research argues that nationalism and historical animosity are invoked only if at least the government on one side needs to bolster its own legitimacy at home, and the government on the other side does not share a similar ideology or strategic interests with its own – the second aspect being the more important factor here.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Factional Politics and Foreign Policy Choices in Cambodia-Thailand Diplomatic Relations, 1950-2014","attachmentId":34330742,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7499245/Factional_Politics_and_Foreign_Policy_Choices_in_Cambodia_Thailand_Diplomatic_Relations_1950_2014","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7499245/Factional_Politics_and_Foreign_Policy_Choices_in_Cambodia_Thailand_Diplomatic_Relations_1950_2014"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58115925,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58115925,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_58115925" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="38392183" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38392183/Under_the_Shadow_of_China_US_Competition_Myanmar_and_Thailand_s_Alignment_Choices">Under the Shadow of China-US Competition: Myanmar and Thailand’s Alignment Choices</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50509649" href="https://soas.academia.edu/EnzeHan">Enze Han</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chinese Journal of International Politics, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Under the Shadow of China-US Competition: Myanmar and Thailand’s Alignment 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