CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Geophagia - RationalWiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z8H_idNpcIaY9VrddjQ9twAAAEk","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Geophagia","wgTitle":"Geophagia","wgCurRevisionId":2120660,"wgRevisionId":2120660,"wgArticleId":171677,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using DynamicPageList parser function","Food woo","Alternative medicine","Diet woo"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Geophagia","wgRelevantArticleId":171677,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="description" content="The ancient practice known as geophagia or geophagy (the practice of eating dirt or clay) has popped up numerous times in history and has of course been incorporated into diet woo."/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="RationalWiki (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="RationalWiki Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="RationalWiki"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Geophagia"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The ancient practice known as geophagia or geophagy (the practice of eating dirt or clay) has popped up numerous times in history and has of course been incorporated into diet woo."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Geophagia"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Geophagia rootpage-Geophagia skin-vector action-view minerva--history-page-action-enabled skin-vector-legacy"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="localNotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="2025_RationalWiki_.27Oregon_Plan.27_Fundraiser"> <table role="presentation" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left;"><big><center><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser">2025 RationalWiki 'Oregon Plan' Fundraiser</a></b></center></big> <p><b>There is no RationalWiki without you.</b> We are a small non-profit with no staff—we are hundreds of volunteers who document pseudoscience and crankery around the world every day. We will never allow ads because we must remain independent. We cannot rely on big donors with corresponding big agendas. We are not the largest website around, but <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser">we believe we play an important role in defending truth and objectivity</a>. </p> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;"><big><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser">Fighting pseudoscience isn't free</a>.<br />We are 100% user-supported! Help and donate $5, $10, $20 or whatever you can today with <img alt="PayPal Logo.png" src="/w/images/thumb/f/fb/PayPal_Logo.png/61px-PayPal_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="17" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/fb/PayPal_Logo.png/92px-PayPal_Logo.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/f/fb/PayPal_Logo.png/122px-PayPal_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="244" />!</b></big><a href="https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=67BJMQC85CUFW" title="Donate via PayPal" rel="nofollow"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/1/10/DonateButton.png/100px-DonateButton.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="32" srcset="/w/images/thumb/1/10/DonateButton.png/150px-DonateButton.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/1/10/DonateButton.png/200px-DonateButton.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="241" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="progressbar" style="width: 100%; border: 2px solid black; position: relative; padding: 2px; border-radius: 18px;"> <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser"><span style="text-shadow: -1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, -1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF; color: black; font-size: 125%; position: absolute; left: 0%; margin: 0 0 0 10px"><b>Donations so far: $5273.29</b></span></a><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser"><span style="text-shadow: -1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, -1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF; color: black; font-size: 125%; position: absolute; right: 0%; margin: 0 10px 0 0"><b>Goal: $10000</b></span></a><div style="height: 28px; border-radius: 14px; background-color: hsl(42.18632,100%,45%); width: 52.7329%;"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Geophagia</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From RationalWiki</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Geophagy.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Geophagy.jpg/165px-Geophagy.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="96" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Geophagy.jpg/248px-Geophagy.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Geophagy.jpg/330px-Geophagy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3466" data-file-height="2017" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Geophagy.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Friars at Pevas, Peru displaying a 5-year old girl with chronic geophagia in the 1860s</div></div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #47374a; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#47374a"><b>Potentially edible!</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Food woo</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f8feff;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><img alt="Icon food.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/c/c2/Icon_food.svg/100px-Icon_food.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/c2/Icon_food.svg/150px-Icon_food.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/c2/Icon_food.svg/200px-Icon_food.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><font color="white">Fabulous food!</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_type_diet" title="Blood type diet">Blood type diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Rick Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humans_are_herbivores" title="Humans are herbivores">Humans are herbivores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_boy" title="Soy boy">Soy boy</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Diet_woo" title="Category:Diet woo"><font color="white">Delectable diets!</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self_help" title="Self help">Self help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_broth" title="Bone broth">Bone broth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodybuilding_woo" title="Category:Bodybuilding woo"><font color="white">Bodacious bods!</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Gym" title="Anti-Gym">Anti-Gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bold_and_Determined" title="Bold and Determined">Bold and Determined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_growth_hormone" title="Human growth hormone">Human growth hormone</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foodnav" title="Template:Foodnav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foodnav" title="Template talk:Foodnav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Foodnav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><div role="note" class="hatnote">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Colonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonic">colonic</a>.</div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_tradition" title="Appeal to tradition">ancient</a> practice known as <b>geophagia</b> or <b>geophagy</b> (the practice of eating dirt or clay) has popped up numerous times in history and <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_ancient_wisdom" title="Appeal to ancient wisdom">has of course</a> been incorporated into diet <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">woo</a>. </p><p>Sketchy "health" stores tend to sell jars of clay, and the cable channel "<a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet">Animal Planet</a>" was happy to advertise for them when their oddity show was talking about <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_nature" title="Appeal to nature">macaws.</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> Macaws, unlike humans, actually have a digestive system designed for eating clay. </p><p>One of the more recent incarnations of geophagia, the <b>Clay Cleanse Diet</b> (CCD) is an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a> <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">fad diet</a> that claims that ingesting clay can reduce weight and remove toxins and surfaced around 2014 as a potential weight loss method. </p><p>All of this is a terrible idea and you shouldn't do it. </p><p>That being said, there is a nugget of truth in geophagia as a detoxification method. It has been demonstrated that geophagia in association with potato eating, particularly the more toxic wild potatoes in times of famine, has a detoxification effect.<sup id="cite_ref-johns1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johns1-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Detoxification has also been suggested as an adaptive function in non-human primates but as not been shown experimentally.<sup id="cite_ref-johns1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johns1-2">[2]</a></sup> Geophagia is further linked to to plant domestication, at least in the case of potatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-johns1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johns1-2">[2]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Effectiveness"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Effectiveness</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Weight_loss"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Weight loss</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Cleansing"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cleansing</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Safety"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Safety</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Other_Geophagia"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other Geophagia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Pica"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Basic_sustenance_in_poverty"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Basic sustenance in poverty</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Other_animals"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Other animals</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Effectiveness">Effectiveness</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Effectiveness">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Weight_loss">Weight loss</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Weight loss">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>CCD itself is probably effective at weight loss. The clay <i>does</i> expand in the stomach, and will make people feel significantly <s>more constipated</s> less hungry. Users of the diet claim to have lost 10 pounds over 10 days.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyHeil_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyHeil-4">[4]</a></sup> If you wish to lose weight with a quick time scale but comparable health risks, you might consider removing unnecessary limbs or deliberately losing blood. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cleansing">Cleansing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cleansing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Detox" class="mw-redirect" title="Detox">Detox</a></div> <p>As a cleanser clay removes <s>absolutely nothing</s> "toxins" from the body by <a href="/wiki/Hand_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand wave">doing</a> <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">stuff</a>. The users of this diet fail to present any scientific evidence that it removes "toxins" from the body, or what those toxins are, as is typical for "cleansing" claims. Kaolinite and montmorillonite clays have been shown to adsorb heavy metals <i>in vitro</i>, not in humans specifically.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Safety">Safety</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Safety">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>CCD itself is not safe and should be avoided. It can potentially contain high levels of <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">heavy metals</a>, soil-based pathogens (nematodes and microbes), can block your colon, and can damage your stomach and intestines.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyHeil_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyHeil-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Geophagia has been associated with hyperkalemia (excessive potassium in the blood), resulting in cardiac arrest and paralysis in five patients with chronic renal failure.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_Geophagia">Other Geophagia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other Geophagia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:167px;"><a href="/wiki/File:GeophagicRocks.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GeophagicRocks.jpg/165px-GeophagicRocks.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GeophagicRocks.jpg/248px-GeophagicRocks.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GeophagicRocks.jpg/330px-GeophagicRocks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:GeophagicRocks.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Clay for sale in Zambia, intended for human consumption</div></div></div> <p>Sandersville, <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> is the "Kaolin Capital of the World",<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> and likely also the epicenter of geophagia in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pica">Pica</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pica">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(disorder)" class="extiw" title="wp:Pica (disorder)" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Pica_(disorder)">Pica</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> is a condition characterized by an urge to eat soil (among other non-nutritive things, such as sand and utensils) due to chemical imbalance, neurological response to iron deficiency, etc. It is particularly common among small children, pregnant women, and those with developmental disabilities. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Basic_sustenance_in_poverty">Basic sustenance in poverty</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Basic sustenance in poverty">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Poor (dirt-poor?) <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haitians</a> sometimes eat a yellow dirt with added salt and vegetable shortening because they cannot afford rice.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> This way starving to death is less of a painful experience, and takes a long enough time that someone might notice their plight. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_animals">Other animals</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other animals">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Many animals eat dirt, primarily to get missing nutrients (especially <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>). Confined farm animals are especially prone to geophagia, and <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> are reported to suffer from gastro-intestinal lesions from geophagia.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonic">Colonic</a>, a similarly horrible weight-loss practice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo">Food woo</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Most Extreme — Ep 23 — Eaters. The… narrator… was… most… enthused…</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johns1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-johns1_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-johns1_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-johns1_2-2">2.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"A chemical-ecological model of root and tuber domestication in the Andes" by Timothy Johns. In: <i>Foraging and Farming: The Evolution of Plant Exploitation</i>, edited by David R. Harris & Gordon C. Hillman (2016) Routledge. ISBN 1138816019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/44872/10886_2005_Article_BF01012098.pdf?sequence=1">Detoxification function of geophagy and domestication of the potato</a> by Timothy Johns (1986). Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol. 12, no. 3., pp. 635-646.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DailyHeil-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DailyHeil_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DailyHeil_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2707663/The-women-drinking-CLAY-lose-weight-It-s-used-cat-litter-contain-arsenic-lead-heart-attacks-Is-riskiest-dieting-craze-ever.html">Cue hilarious SCARY Daily Mail headline</a>. (Sorry about linking to the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Heil</a>, but this is their specialty and no serious scientists seem to have wasted their time on this bit of <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">woo</a> so far.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001868608000043">Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review</a> by Krishna Gopal Bhattacharyyaa & Susmita Sen Guptab (Volume 140, Issue 2, 5 August 2008, Pages 114–131). <i>Advances in Colloid and Interface Science</i> doi:10.1016/j.cis.2007.12.008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20889178">Geophagy and potential health implications: geohelminths, microbes and heavy metals</a> by R. Kutalek et al. <i>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.</i> 2010 Dec;104(12):787-95. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.09.002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=342032">Geophagia: A Cause of Life-Threatening Hyperkalemia in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure</a> by Michael C. Gelfand et al. <i>JAMA</i>. 1975;234(7):738-740. doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03260200054019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandersville.net/KaolinCapitaloftheWorld.cfm">City of Sandersville, Georgia: Kaolin Capital of the World</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/04/02/297881388/the-old-and-mysterious-practice-of-eating-dirt-revealed">The Old And Mysterious Practice Of Eating Dirt, Revealed</a> by Linda Chen (April 02, 201412:46 PM ET) <i>National Public Radio</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080130-AP-haiti-eatin.html">Poor Haitians Resort to Eating Dirt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=Haitians+eating+dirt">If You Can't Afford Rice In Haiti, You Eat Dirt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wNeExtnL6cC&pg=PA140&lpg=PA140&dq=Geophagia+goat&source=bl&ots=_5ZjH07uGg&sig=YlrOwWER4sWjmFPyPfopwuZ7a_c&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yj5BVdmgCJXYoATT1YHoDg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Geophagia%20goat&f=false"><i>Small ruminant research and development in Africa: Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference of the African Small Ruminant Research Network. AICC, Arusha, Tanzania, 7-11 December 1992</i></a> (1994) p. 140. ISBN 929053284X.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="food_woo-navbox" style="clear:both;"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed autocollapse innercollapse outercollapse navbox nowraplinks" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#47374a; color:white; text-align:center;"><div style="float:left;" class="navbar"><div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foodbox" title="Template:Foodbox"><span style="color:white">v</span></a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foodbox" title="Template talk:Foodbox"><span style="color:white">t</span></a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Foodbox&action=edit"><span style="color:white">e</span></a></div></div><span style="color:white; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><span style="color:white">Articles</span></a> about <a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo"><span id="food_woo-navbox" style="color:white">food woo</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#47374a; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Food woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Nutritionist" title="Nutritionist">Nutritionist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kymatika_test" title="Kymatika test">Kymatika test</a> • <a href="/wiki/Superfoods" title="Superfoods">Superfoods</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Haggis" title="Fun:Haggis">Haggis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green tea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bovine_growth_hormone" title="Bovine growth hormone">Bovine growth hormone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">Microwave oven</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Cat food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raspberry_ketone" title="Raspberry ketone">Raspberry ketone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Juicing" title="Juicing">Juicing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Orthorexia" title="Orthorexia">Orthorexia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fortune_cookie" title="Fortune cookie">Fortune cookie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne pepper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soylent" title="Soylent">Soylent</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kopi_luwak" title="Kopi luwak">Kopi luwak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pete_Evans" title="Pete Evans">Pete Evans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raw_honey" title="Raw honey">Raw honey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Omega-3" title="Omega-3">Omega-3</a> • <a href="/wiki/Burusho" title="Burusho">Burusho</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chris_Beat_Cancer" title="Chris Beat Cancer">Chris Beat Cancer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Tripe" title="Fun:Tripe">Tripe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a> • <a href="/wiki/Water_woo" title="Water woo">Water woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Chocolate" title="Fun:Chocolate">Chocolate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_water_treatment" title="Magnetic water treatment">Magnetic water treatment</a> • <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_meat" title="In vitro meat">In vitro meat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agaricus" title="Agaricus">Agaricus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Locavore" title="Locavore">Locavore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cyclamate" title="Cyclamate">Cyclamate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Freedom_fries" title="Freedom fries">Freedom fries</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:RationalWiki_diet" title="Fun:RationalWiki diet">RationalWiki diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spot_reduction" title="Spot reduction">Spot reduction</a> • <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a> • <a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pseudovitamin" title="Pseudovitamin">Pseudovitamin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dietary_cholesterol" title="Dietary cholesterol">Dietary cholesterol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Humans_are_herbivores" title="Humans are herbivores">Humans are herbivores</a> • <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_water" title="Hydrogen water">Hydrogen water</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Eden_School_of_Natural_Health" title="New Eden School of Natural Health">New Eden School of Natural Health</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irina_Ermakova" title="Irina Ermakova">Irina Ermakova</a> • <a href="/wiki/Airborne" title="Airborne">Airborne</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Li" title="William Li">William Li</a> • <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Science_in_the_Public_Interest" title="Center for Science in the Public Interest">Center for Science in the Public Interest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Baby_eating" title="Fun:Baby eating">Baby eating</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cannibalism" title="Cannibalism">Cannibalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Super_Size_Me" title="Super Size Me">Super Size Me</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Sandwich" title="Fun:Sandwich">Sandwich</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_miracle_of_honey_as_an_alternative_medicine" title="The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine">The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_irradiation" title="Food irradiation">Food irradiation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soy_boy" title="Soy boy">Soy boy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heart_Attack_Grill" title="Heart Attack Grill">Heart Attack Grill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Probiotics" title="Probiotics">Probiotics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">Obesity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Udo_Pollmer" title="Udo Pollmer">Udo Pollmer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Passwater" title="Richard A. Passwater">Richard A. Passwater</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo">Food woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insect</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spam" title="Spam">Spam</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo_promoters" title="Category:Food woo promoters"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Promoters:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Nutritional_Consultants" title="American Association of Nutritional Consultants">American Association of Nutritional Consultants</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Fagan" title="John Fagan">John Fagan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_Babe" title="Food Babe">Food Babe</a> • <a href="/wiki/GreenMedInfo" title="GreenMedInfo">GreenMedInfo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Organic_Consumers_Association" title="Organic Consumers Association">Organic Consumers Association</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anti-Gym" title="Anti-Gym">Anti-Gym</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bulletproof_diet" title="Bulletproof diet">Bulletproof diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harmonized_H2O" title="Harmonized H2O">Harmonized H2O</a> • <a href="/wiki/Errol_Denton" title="Errol Denton">Errol Denton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerson_Therapy" title="Gerson Therapy">Gerson Therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/MonaVie" title="MonaVie">MonaVie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Purity_Products" title="Purity Products">Purity Products</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Young" title="Robert Young">Robert Young</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cahill" title="Matt Cahill">Matt Cahill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Life_Extension_Foundation" title="Life Extension Foundation">Life Extension Foundation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Rick Scott</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Wolfe" title="David Wolfe">David Wolfe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a> • <a href="/wiki/PETA" title="PETA">PETA</a> • <a href="/wiki/THINCS" title="THINCS">THINCS</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abd_ul-Rahman_Lomax" title="Abd ul-Rahman Lomax">Abd ul-Rahman Lomax</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Smith" title="Jeffrey Smith">Jeffrey Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Essene_Gospel_of_Peace" title="Essene Gospel of Peace">Essene Gospel of Peace</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Heinerman" title="John Heinerman">John Heinerman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Natural_Healing" title="Institute for Natural Healing">Institute for Natural Healing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aseem_Malhotra" title="Aseem Malhotra">Aseem Malhotra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Monastyrsky" title="Konstantin Monastyrsky">Konstantin Monastyrsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marika_Sboros" title="Marika Sboros">Marika Sboros</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Kendrick" title="Malcolm Kendrick">Malcolm Kendrick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gary_Taubes" title="Gary Taubes">Gary Taubes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Health_Digest" title="Consumer Health Digest">Consumer Health Digest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joel_D._Wallach" title="Joel D. Wallach">Joel D. Wallach</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_DiNicolantonio" title="James DiNicolantonio">James DiNicolantonio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Lundell" title="Dwight Lundell">Dwight Lundell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chris_Kresser" title="Chris Kresser">Chris Kresser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lipman" title="Frank Lipman">Frank Lipman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Dean" title="Carolyn Dean">Carolyn Dean</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Davis" title="William Davis">William Davis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anthony_William" title="Anthony William">Anthony William</a> • <a href="/wiki/Josh_Axe" title="Josh Axe">Josh Axe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nasha_Winters" title="Nasha Winters">Nasha Winters</a> • <a href="/wiki/H._L._Newbold" title="H. L. Newbold">H. L. Newbold</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tim_Noakes" title="Tim Noakes">Tim Noakes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Harcombe" title="Zoë Harcombe">Zoë Harcombe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Annee_de_Mamiel" title="Annee de Mamiel">Annee de Mamiel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Weston_A._Price_Foundation" title="Weston A. Price Foundation">Weston A. Price Foundation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Savage" title="Michael Savage">Michael Savage</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gary_Null" title="Gary Null">Gary Null</a> • <a href="/wiki/H2Om" title="H2Om">H2Om</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Appleton" title="Nancy Appleton">Nancy Appleton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vinnie_Tortorich" title="Vinnie Tortorich">Vinnie Tortorich</a> • <a href="/wiki/MeMe_Roth" title="MeMe Roth">MeMe Roth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Working_Group" title="Environmental Working Group">Environmental Working Group</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Berg" title="Eric Berg">Eric Berg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Baker" title="Shawn Baker">Shawn Baker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Avallone" title="Hunter Avallone">Hunter Avallone</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Perlmutter" title="David Perlmutter">David Perlmutter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jake_Angeli" title="Jake Angeli">Jake Angeli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Trudeau" title="Kevin Trudeau">Kevin Trudeau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Saxon" title="Kurt Saxon">Kurt Saxon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Pavlina" title="Steve Pavlina">Steve Pavlina</a> • <a href="/wiki/TruthWiki" title="TruthWiki">TruthWiki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> • <a href="/wiki/NaturalNews" title="NaturalNews">NaturalNews</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jethro_Kloss" title="Jethro Kloss">Jethro Kloss</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jason_Fung" title="Jason Fung">Jason Fung</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vegan_Artbook" title="Vegan Artbook">Vegan Artbook</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Saladino" title="Paul Saladino">Paul Saladino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ray_Peat" title="Ray Peat">Ray Peat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Truthstream_Media" title="Truthstream Media">Truthstream Media</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Moore" title="Jimmy Moore">Jimmy Moore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Lugavere" title="Max Lugavere">Max Lugavere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vegan_Gains" title="Vegan Gains">Vegan Gains</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tom_Naughton" title="Tom Naughton">Tom Naughton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Diet_woo" title="Category:Diet woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Diet woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Blood_type_diet" title="Blood type diet">Blood type diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Breatharianism" title="Breatharianism">Breatharianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jesus_diet" title="Jesus diet">Jesus diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lemonade_diet" title="Lemonade diet">Lemonade diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Inedia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Macrobiotics" title="Macrobiotics">Macrobiotics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">Organic food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">Raw foodism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Doughism" title="Fun:Doughism">Doughism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Self_help" title="Self help">Self help</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paleo_diet" title="Paleo diet">Paleo diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/French_paradox" title="French paradox">French paradox</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nutritional_supplement" title="Nutritional supplement">Nutritional supplement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerson_Therapy" title="Gerson Therapy">Gerson Therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbalife" title="Herbalife">Herbalife</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raw_milk_movement" title="Raw milk movement">Raw milk movement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gluten-free" title="Gluten-free">Gluten-free</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anti-oxidants" title="Anti-oxidants">Anti-oxidants</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Squirrel_diet" title="Fun:Squirrel diet">Squirrel diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_and_mineral_supplements" title="Vitamin and mineral supplements">Vitamin and mineral supplements</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soy" title="Soy">Soy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Errol_Denton" title="Errol Denton">Errol Denton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glycemic_index" title="Glycemic index">Glycemic index</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isagenix" title="Isagenix">Isagenix</a> • <a href="/wiki/Subway_diet" title="Subway diet">Subway diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agave_nectar" title="Agave nectar">Agave nectar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sweeteners" title="Sweeteners">Sweeteners</a> • <a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose corn syrup</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neti_pot" title="Neti pot">Neti pot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">Milk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bulletproof_diet" title="Bulletproof diet">Bulletproof diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pro-ana" title="Pro-ana">Pro-ana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Holland_%26_Barrett" title="Holland & Barrett">Holland & Barrett</a> • <a href="/wiki/Weigh_down_diet" title="Weigh down diet">Weigh down diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clean_living_movement" title="Clean living movement">Clean living movement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Howell" title="Edward Howell">Edward Howell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bone_broth" title="Bone broth">Bone broth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">Carrot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Diet_soda" title="Diet soda">Diet soda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_dye" title="Food dye">Food dye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Low-carb_diet" title="Low-carb diet">Low-carb diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carnivore_diet" title="Carnivore diet">Carnivore diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Pavlina" title="Steve Pavlina">Steve Pavlina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Winterson" title="Jeanette Winterson">Jeanette Winterson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helminthic_therapy" title="Helminthic therapy">Helminthic therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_supplement_woo" title="Category:Food supplement woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Supplement woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Ellagic_acid" title="Ellagic acid">Ellagic acid</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Canola_oil" title="Canola oil">Canola oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">Aspartame</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chlorella" title="Chlorella">Chlorella</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a> • <a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a> • <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rooibos_tea" title="Rooibos tea">Rooibos tea</a> • <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD_berry" title="Açaí berry">Açaí berry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salt_woo" title="Salt woo">Salt woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cahill" title="Matt Cahill">Matt Cahill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_and_mineral_supplements" title="Vitamin and mineral supplements">Vitamin and mineral supplements</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Soylent_Green" title="Fun:Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Rick Scott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplements" title="Dietary supplements">Dietary supplements</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbal_supplement" title="Herbal supplement">Herbal supplement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Health_Digest" title="Consumer Health Digest">Consumer Health Digest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal" title="Activated charcoal">Activated charcoal</a> • <a href="/wiki/CEASE_therapy" title="CEASE therapy">CEASE therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Toxins" title="Category:Toxins"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Toxin woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">Aspartame</a> • <a href="/wiki/Canola_oil" title="Canola oil">Canola oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Broccoli" title="Fun:Broccoli">Broccoli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cleanse" title="Cleanse">Cleanse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chemophobia" title="Chemophobia">Chemophobia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Candida" title="Candida">Candida</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nitrites" title="Nitrites">Nitrites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mercury" title="Mercury">Mercury</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a> • <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">Monosodium glutamate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">Food allergy</a> • <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> • <a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristolochia" title="Aristolochia">Aristolochia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">Alcohol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" title="Median lethal dose">Median lethal dose</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayahuasca" title="Ayahuasca">Ayahuasca</a> • <a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal" title="Activated charcoal">Activated charcoal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> • <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Botox" title="Botox">Botox</a> • <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Real_Water" title="Real Water">Real Water</a> • <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">Toxin</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodybuilding_woo" title="Category:Bodybuilding woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Bodybuilding woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/ECA_stack" title="ECA stack">ECA stack</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_caveman_movement" title="Urban caveman movement">Urban caveman movement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anti-Gym" title="Anti-Gym">Anti-Gym</a> • <a href="/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotrophin" title="Human chorionic gonadotrophin">Human chorionic gonadotrophin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding_woo" title="Bodybuilding woo">Bodybuilding woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Broscience" title="Broscience">Broscience</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bold_and_Determined" title="Bold and Determined">Bold and Determined</a> • <a href="/wiki/Human_growth_hormone" title="Human growth hormone">Human growth hormone</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_One" title="The Golden One">The Golden One</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Joe Rogan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Baker" title="Shawn Baker">Shawn Baker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carnivore_diet" title="Carnivore diet">Carnivore diet</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:GMO" title="Category:GMO"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">GMO:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/March_Against_Monsanto" title="March Against Monsanto">March Against Monsanto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> • <a href="/wiki/GMO_A_Go_Go" title="GMO A Go Go">GMO A Go Go</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seeds_of_Death" title="Seeds of Death">Seeds of Death</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lynas" title="Mark Lynas">Mark Lynas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pollan" title="Michael Pollan">Michael Pollan</a> • <a href="/wiki/GreenMedInfo" title="GreenMedInfo">GreenMedInfo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judy_Carman" title="Judy Carman">Judy Carman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Beacon" title="Liberty Beacon">Liberty Beacon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food,_Inc" title="Food, Inc">Food, Inc</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_Babe" title="Food Babe">Food Babe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gilles-Eric_S%C3%A9ralini" title="Gilles-Eric Séralini">Gilles-Eric Séralini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb" title="Nassim Nicholas Taleb">Nassim Nicholas Taleb</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glyphosate" title="Glyphosate">Glyphosate</a> • <a href="/wiki/AlterNet" title="AlterNet">AlterNet</a> • <a href="/wiki/FAQ_on_genetically_modified_food" title="FAQ on genetically modified food">FAQ on genetically modified food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Folta" title="Kevin Folta">Kevin Folta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Beppe_Grillo" title="Beppe Grillo">Beppe Grillo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> • <a href="/wiki/TruthWiki" title="TruthWiki">TruthWiki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">Genetically modified food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rice" title="Golden Rice">Golden Rice</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kyle Kulinski</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Non-GMO_Project" title="The Non-GMO Project">The Non-GMO Project</a> • <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Working_Group" title="Environmental Working Group">Environmental Working Group</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lipman" title="Frank Lipman">Frank Lipman</a> • <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Environmental_Medicine" title="American Academy of Environmental Medicine">American Academy of Environmental Medicine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a> • <a href="/wiki/M.S._Swaminathan" title="M.S. Swaminathan">M.S. Swaminathan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a> • <a href="/wiki/Percy_Schmeiser" title="Percy Schmeiser">Percy Schmeiser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dore" title="Jimmy Dore">Jimmy Dore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immortal_Technique" title="Immortal Technique">Immortal Technique</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Dees" title="David Dees">David Dees</a> • <a href="/wiki/NaturalNews" title="NaturalNews">NaturalNews</a> • <a href="/wiki/Truthstream_Media" title="Truthstream Media">Truthstream Media</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zachary_K._Hubbard" title="Zachary K. Hubbard">Zachary K. Hubbard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh" title="Matt Walsh">Matt Walsh</a> • </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&oldid=2120660">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&oldid=2120660</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo">Food woo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diet_woo" title="Category:Diet woo">Diet woo</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_DynamicPageList_parser_function" title="Category:Pages using DynamicPageList parser function">Pages using DynamicPageList parser function</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head">  <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label"> <span>Personal tools</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Geophagia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Geophagia" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation">  <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label"> <span>Namespaces</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/Geophagia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Page</a></li><li id="ca-talk"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Geophagia" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <h3 id="p-variants-label"> <span>Variants</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation">  <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label"> <span>Views</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><a href="/wiki/Geophagia">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">Fossil record</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" /> <h3 id="p-cactions-label"> <span>More</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search"> <h3 > <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform"> <div id="simpleSearch"> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search RationalWiki" title="Search RationalWiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search the pages for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a title="Visit the main page" class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page"></a> </div>  <nav id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal portal-first" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label"> <span>Navigation</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random mainspace article [x]" accesskey="x">Random page</a></li><li id="n-New-pages"><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages">New pages</a></li><li id="n-All-logs"><a href="/wiki/Special:Log">All logs</a></li><li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="RTFM">Help</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-support" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-support-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-support-label"> <span>Support</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Donate"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Site_support">Donate</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-community" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-community-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-community-label"> <span>Community</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Saloon-bar"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Saloon_bar">Saloon bar</a></li><li id="n-To-do-list"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:To_do_list">To do list</a></li><li id="n-What-is-going-on.3F"><a href="/wiki/WIGO">What is going on?</a></li><li id="n-Best-of-RationalWiki"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Contents">Best of RationalWiki</a></li><li id="n-About-RationalWiki"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki">About RationalWiki</a></li><li id="n-Technical-support"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Technical_support">Technical support</a></li><li id="n-Mod-noticeboard"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:All_things_in_moderation">Mod noticeboard</a></li><li id="n-RMF-noticeboard"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:RationalMedia_Foundation">RMF noticeboard</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-Social media" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Social media-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Social media-label"> <span>Social media</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/RationalWiki" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></li><li id="n-Mastodon"><a href="https://mstdn.social/@rationalwiki" rel="nofollow">Mastodon</a></li><li id="n-Facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Rationalwiki/226614404019306" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></li><li id="n-Discord"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Discord">Discord</a></li><li id="n-Reddit"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Reddit">Reddit</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-tb" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-tb-label"> <span>Tools</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Geophagia" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Geophagia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&oldid=2120660" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geophagia&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" > <ul id="footer-info" > <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 October 2019, at 15:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all content licensed as indicated by <a name="Copyright" href="//rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights">RationalWiki:Copyrights</a>. <br> For concerns on copyright infringement please see: <a name="Copyright infringement" href="//rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyright_violations">RationalWiki:Copyright violations</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" > <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Privacy_policy" title="RationalWiki:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:About" class="mw-redirect" title="RationalWiki:About">About RationalWiki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:General_disclaimer" title="RationalWiki:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"><img src="/w/88x31.png" alt="CC-BY-SA 3.0, or any later version" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> </ul> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.426","walltime":"1.080","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1354,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":58159,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2284,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":100},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":6656,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 169.520 1 -total"," 66.25% 112.307 1 Template:Foodbox"," 65.14% 110.429 1 Template:Navbox"," 23.40% 39.666 1 Template:Foodnav"," 22.27% 37.750 1 Template:Navsidebar"," 17.84% 30.241 3 Template:Randomarticles"," 10.53% 17.855 2 Template:Navsidebar2"," 3.28% 5.552 1 Template:Reflist"," 1.78% 3.021 2 Template:Vte"," 1.29% 2.195 1 Template:Main"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"apache5","timestamp":"20250228182455","ttl":86400,"transientcontent":false}}});mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":53,"wgHostname":"apache5"});});</script></body></html>