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It is highly similar to the protein avenin, found in oats.&#91;1&#93; The protein is useful for giving elasticity to dough, which helps it rise and keep its shape, along with providing a chewy texture. Cereals containing gluten have been a staple in many cultures since the start of agriculture, and its effects are well-known. For the vast majority of people, gluten is a useful addition to a healthy diet. 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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #47374a; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#47374a"><b>Potentially edible!</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Food woo</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f8feff;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><img alt="Icon food.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/c/c2/Icon_food.svg/100px-Icon_food.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/c/c2/Icon_food.svg/150px-Icon_food.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/c/c2/Icon_food.svg/200px-Icon_food.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><font color="white">Fabulous food!</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_type_diet" title="Blood type diet">Blood type diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vitro_meat" title="In vitro meat">In vitro meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooibos_tea" title="Rooibos tea">Rooibos tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Taubes" title="Gary Taubes">Gary Taubes</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Diet_woo" title="Category:Diet woo"><font color="white">Delectable diets!</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo_diet" title="Paleo diet">Paleo diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweeteners" title="Sweeteners">Sweeteners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-ana" title="Pro-ana">Pro-ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodybuilding_woo" title="Category:Bodybuilding woo"><font color="white">Bodacious bods!</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding_woo" title="Bodybuilding woo">Bodybuilding woo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bold_and_Determined" title="Bold and Determined">Bold and Determined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_diet" title="Carnivore diet">Carnivore diet</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foodnav" title="Template:Foodnav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foodnav" title="Template talk:Foodnav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Foodnav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten" class="extiw" title="wp:Gluten" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Gluten">Gluten</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></b> is a composite <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> found in wheat and related cereal grain species. It is highly similar to the protein <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/avenin" class="extiw" title="wp:avenin" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: avenin">avenin</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> found in oats.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> The protein is useful for giving elasticity to dough, which helps it rise and keep its shape, along with providing a chewy texture. Cereals containing gluten have been a staple in many cultures since the start of agriculture, and its effects are well-known. For the vast majority of people, gluten is a useful addition to a healthy diet. <b>Gluten-free</b> commonly refers to a diet that excludes sources of gluten, though it may also refer to a diet excluding sources of avenin.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> </p><p>Gluten is the product of the combination of two storage proteins in wheat and related grasses: glutenin and gliadin. Gliadin (and occasionally analogous proteins in other grains, called prolamins as they're rich in <b>prol</b>ine and glut<b>amine</b>) is the offender; in certain people with a <a href="/wiki/Genetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic">genetic</a> predisposition, its metabolites can trigger <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" class="extiw" title="wp:Autoimmune disease" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Autoimmune disease">a false-alarm immune response</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> attacking the small intestine and causing the symptoms of <a href="#Celiac_disease">Celiac disease</a> and similar disorders. </p><p>The gluten-free diet (GFD) can be adopted as a treatment for legitimate medical conditions, most notably celiac disease, which is estimated to affect around 1 in 70 people.<sup id="cite_ref-goats_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goats-5">[note 2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a></sup> Other medical conditions for which a GFD may be appropriate include wheat allergy and nonceliac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGS).<sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> It has also been embraced as a <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">fad diet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weight_loss_woo" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight loss woo">weight-loss gimmick</a>, and purported <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a> cure, mostly by people who don't actually know what gluten is and can't define it when asked.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Evidence-based_reasons_for_adoption"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Evidence-based reasons for adoption</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Celiac_disease"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Celiac disease</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Dermatitis_Herpetiformis"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dermatitis Herpetiformis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Wheat_allergy_or_gluten_sensitivity"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Wheat allergy or gluten sensitivity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Hypothyroidism"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Hypothyroidism</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Woo-based_reasons_for_adoption"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Woo-based reasons for adoption</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Autism_quackery"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Autism quackery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Weight_loss_quackery"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Weight loss quackery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Athletics_quackery"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Athletics quackery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Alleged_toxicity"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Alleged toxicity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Conspiracy.21"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Conspiracy!</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#What.27s_the_harm_in_a_fad_diet.3F"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">What's the harm in a fad diet?</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Safe_and_unsafe_foods"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Safe and unsafe foods</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Gluten-free_alternatives"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Gluten-free alternatives</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Food_regulation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Food regulation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Australia"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Australia</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Gluten-free_makeup"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Gluten-free makeup</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Evidence-based_reasons_for_adoption">Evidence-based reasons for adoption</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evidence-based reasons for adoption">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>While you may have heard of the <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">no-good reasons</a>, there are a few very valid reasons why people may choose a gluten-free diet, not least of which is not having their own neurotic immune system literally shred their innards. Therefore, if you ever serve food to someone who says they're gluten-free, please <b>take it seriously and be careful not to give them gluten.</b> Some people get sick from eating gluten (and, in extreme cases, can feel horribly ill after coming in contact with traces). Remember, poisoning other people is bad. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Celiac_disease">Celiac disease</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Celiac disease">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiac_disease" class="extiw" title="wp:Celiac disease" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Celiac disease">Celiac disease</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></i> (or <i>coeliac</i> outside of the US) is an autoimmune disorder which interferes with digestion. The immune system responds to gluten peptides absorbed in the small intestine, causing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/inflammation" class="extiw" title="wp:inflammation" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: inflammation">inflammation</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> and damage to the gut and a variety of unpleasant symptoms. There are also long-term effects primarily related to malabsorption, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/failure_to_thrive" class="extiw" title="wp:failure to thrive" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: failure to thrive">failure to thrive</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> (in children), chronic diarrhoea and digestive problems, osteoporosis, anaemia (generally iron, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a>, and folic acid), a characteristic form of blistering eczema and a significant increase in risk of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, especially in the stomach or bowel. Even a small amount of gluten (e.g. a small crumb, a dusting of flour, or a microscopic remnant on a surface) can trigger an attack. Symptoms of being "glutened" range from person to person, as do the amount of gluten needed to cause a reaction; and typically include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lethargy" class="extiw" title="wp:lethargy" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: lethargy">lethargy</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nausea" class="extiw" title="wp:nausea" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: nausea">nausea</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> bloating, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomit" class="extiw" title="wp:Vomit" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Vomit">vomiting</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> and either <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/constipation" class="extiw" title="wp:constipation" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: constipation">constipation</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/diarrhea" class="extiw" title="wp:diarrhea" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: diarrhea">diarrhea</span></a>.<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> </p><p>The condition has been recognized since at least the first century CE, and was described by Aretaeus of Cappadocia ("celiac" is of ancient Greek origin).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></sup> The connection between gluten and celiac disease was discovered by a Dutch pediatrician, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Karel_Dicke" class="extiw" title="wp:Willem Karel Dicke" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Willem Karel Dicke">Willem Karel Dicke</span></a>.<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neimark_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neimark-10">[8]</a></sup> During the Dutch famine during the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when wheat bread was unavailable, he noticed that death from celiac dropped to zero.<sup id="cite_ref-neimark_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neimark-10">[8]</a></sup> Later, in 1952, he and colleagues discovered that gluten was the trigger for celiac disease, which then led to the development of the gluten-free diet.<sup id="cite_ref-neimark_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neimark-10">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>Like autism, this has led some people to think that celiac is a modern disease. The reality is that even ancient forms of wheat such as spelt and kamut can trigger an attack as easily as any modern wheat variety. It is more likely that better recognition of the symptoms, and understanding the etiology, accounts for the higher rates of <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnosis</a>. It is still widely considered to be under-diagnosed, with an estimated prevalence in the population as high as one percent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a></sup> </p><p>It is not possible to self-diagnose celiac disease, not least because the symptoms are generally indistinguishable from conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a>. Diagnosis normally consists of a blood test for the genetic marker (HLA-DQ2/8) and the antibody tTG-IgA, followed by a duodenal biopsy that examines the intestine lining for villous atrophy (erosion of the villi, structures which increase the surface area of the gut wall to improve absorption). In extreme cases, the gut wall may become completely smooth.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[note 3]</a></sup> The blood test is very accurate with a false negative rate of less than 5% and a much lower false positive rate, leading some specialists to dispute the need for a (mildly distressing) biopsy in clear-cut cases. </p><p>The only current proven treatment is a completely gluten-free diet which allows the intestine to heal, absorb nutrients, and function normally.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a></sup> (While the intestine is healing, the patient might also need to avoid dairy products, as the damaged intestines might be unable to cope with <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> proteins; however, in the majority of cases, dairy can be resumed afterward.) However, there are some early vaccine trials that are attempting to desensitize the body's immune response to gluten peptides.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a></sup> There has also been some preliminary evidence that <a href="/wiki/Helminthic_therapy" title="Helminthic therapy">helminthic therapy</a> might be an effective treatment. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Dermatitis_Herpetiformis">Dermatitis Herpetiformis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dermatitis Herpetiformis">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" class="extiw" title="wp:Dermatitis herpetiformis" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Dermatitis herpetiformis">Dermatitis herpetiformis</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> is another autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten. Dermatitis herpetiformis is related to Celiac disease<sup id="cite_ref-CSDH_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSDH-16">[13]</a></sup> and affects the skin.<sup id="cite_ref-CoeliacS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoeliacS-17">[14]</a></sup> Dematitis herpetiformis is rarer than Celiac disease with a prevalence between 1 in 3,300 to 1 in 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-CoeliacS_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoeliacS-17">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHSDH_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHSDH-18">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>Dermatitis herpetiformis can be treated using the drug <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapsone" class="extiw" title="wp:Dapsone" rel="nofollow">Dapsone</a>; however, prolonged use of Dapsone can lead to side effects. Therefore, much like with Celiac disease, the recommended treatment is a lifelong avoidence of gluten in the diet.<sup id="cite_ref-CoeliacS_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoeliacS-17">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHSDH_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHSDH-18">[15]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wheat_allergy_or_gluten_sensitivity">Wheat allergy or gluten sensitivity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wheat allergy or gluten sensitivity">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Aside from celiac disease, many people have a less-intense but still real (maybe<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a></sup>) sensitivity to gluten. Levels of sensitivity can vary from person to person. Still other people have a wheat <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">allergy</a>, which is not the same as celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. Because of the lifestyle changes that a gluten-free diet imposes, and because advanced cases of celiac disease sometimes need additional immunosuppressant or steroid treatments, it's important to be examined by a competent medical professional when someone has concerns about their intake of gluten. </p><p>Not all sensitivities to gluten are real, though.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a></sup> However, while it may be tempting to leap to the conclusion of <a href="/wiki/Illness_anxiety_disorder" title="Illness anxiety disorder">hypochondria</a>, there may actually be a tiny grain of truth to cases of imagined gluten sensitivity. What may actually be going on is the effects of ingesting so-called FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-Di-Monosaccharides and Polyols),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a></sup> short-chain carbohydrates akin to the ones in beans that are digested by gut <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and cause flatulence; although they generally aren't terribly digestible, some people react to the fermentation products worse than others, producing gastrointestinal symptoms akin to irritable bowel syndrome. This, however, is not nearly as damaging as celiac. </p><p>An "elimination" low-FODMAP diet<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[note 4]</a></sup> includes no wheat, so that could explain why many people mistakenly think that they are gluten-intolerant when <a href="/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation" title="Correlation does not imply causation">in fact it has nothing to do with gluten</a> and everything to do with FODMAPs. </p><p>Interestingly, one component of FODMAPs, polyols, can be properly digested by 0% of the human population — so in a sense, <i>everyone</i> is FODMAP-intolerant to a greater or lesser degree. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hypothyroidism">Hypothyroidism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hypothyroidism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>A correlation exists between patients suffering from autoimmune <a href="/wiki/Hypothyroidism" title="Hypothyroidism">hypothyroidism</a> and celiac disease.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a></sup> This association is on the order of a tenfold increase in the odds of having celiac disease if you have Hashimoto's thyroiditis, as compared with the incidence of celiac disease in the general population. One possible mechanism is a similarity between gliadin and one or more thyroid tissues. </p><p>This, of course, leads to inevitable overreaction, such as claiming that all hypothyroid patients should go gluten-free, whether they've been tested for celiac disease or not.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Woo-based_reasons_for_adoption">Woo-based reasons for adoption</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Woo-based reasons for adoption">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Gluten has become a new <a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo">food woo</a>, with fad diets popping up touting themselves gluten-free, including products that are not even grain such as gluten-free salt. This is usually done because people will pay larger amounts of cash for things perceived as better for you. These products have arisen due to the mistaken belief that gluten is somehow responsible for many bowel problems in non-celiacs and that better health can be achieved by abstaining from it. Some <a href="/wiki/Quack" class="mw-redirect" title="Quack">quacks</a> have gone so far as to "link" gluten to a myriad of diseases such as autism in a similar way that quacks "linked" <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hysteria#Autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccine hysteria">vaccines to autism</a>. </p><p>Because of the constraints the diet imposes, doing so may be detrimental to their health.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Autism_quackery">Autism quackery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Autism quackery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">Autism</a></div> <p>Gluten-free diets are sometimes promoted by <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccination" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-vaccination">anti-vaccination</a> types such as <a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a> as a means to treat or "cure" <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a></sup> There is no known basis for this assertion, and in fact a gluten-free diet can make you worse off if you aren't somehow making up for lost nutrients.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a></sup> </p><p>ABC News reported in 2010 on a study that showed a gluten-free, casein-free diet had no effect on autism.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a></sup> </p><p>A study presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research showed that 18% of children with autism, Asperger disorder, or PDD-NOS had been put on a "special diet" advocated by <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>, and among those, 47-50% had been put on a gluten-free diet. Families discontinued the use of special diets at a rate of only 5-10% per year, indicating a strong adherence to the idea despite a lack of results.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Weight_loss_quackery">Weight loss quackery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Weight loss quackery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/wiki/Diet_woo" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet woo">Diet woo</a> for weight loss has jumped on this one! Here is the reason you're fat: it's gluten.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a></sup> Few medical experts or professional <a href="/wiki/Protected_term" title="Protected term">dieticians</a> have ever found any reason to suggest a gluten-free diet aids in weight loss, but seemingly it fits so well into the "<a href="/wiki/Low-carb_diet" title="Low-carb diet">low-carb</a>" "<a href="/wiki/Paleo_diet" title="Paleo diet">paleo diet</a>" world. Early in the trend, going "gluten-free" was likely to lead to weight loss, because it necessarily cut out a number of foods which are calorie-dense, such as pastas, breads, and other baked goods. However, since the trend has grown, it is now easy to find gluten-free varieties of these items, as well as a large number of gluten-free junk food items, thus making it just as easy to be <a href="/wiki/Obese" class="mw-redirect" title="Obese">obese</a> without gluten as it is with. </p><p>Discussions about gluten-free diets can often be found in the comment sections of many weight loss sites, even when the diet doesn't specifically blame gluten for weight gain.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a></sup> </p><p>In reality, <b>the onset of a GFD has been shown <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">to <i>cause</i> weight gain and obesity</a></b>, and also new-onset insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.<sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Athletics_quackery">Athletics quackery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Athletics quackery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>A 2015 study of 1,000 competitive athletes in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> found that 41% of those surveyed were following a gluten-free diet.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a></sup> The prevailing belief was that eating gluten-free would reduce the symptoms of digestive disease, which affects athletes disproportionately.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a></sup> A follow-up study in which athletes followed a gluten-free diet combined with either a gluten-free or glutinous "energy bar" found that the gluten-free diet had no effect on their overall health whatsoever.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Alleged_toxicity">Alleged toxicity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Alleged toxicity">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">Toxin</a></div> <p>(<i>Again</i> with the "toxins"!) It has been claimed by some paleo diet <a href="/wiki/Webshites" class="mw-redirect" title="Webshites">webshites</a> that gluten is toxic.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a></sup> In fact, there is no data to support the idea that gluten is toxic to healthy, asymptomatic adults or children.<sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Conspiracy!"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Conspiracy.21">Conspiracy!</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conspiracy!">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a></div> <p>A number of gluten-free advocates also buy into <a href="/wiki/GMO" class="mw-redirect" title="GMO">GMO</a> hysteria and claim that the presence of gluten in food is essentially food adulteration for profit; there are numerous related memes among such people, including that GMO wheat has increased gluten (there was no GMO wheat on the market as of 2014), or that gluten is an expendable filler, or such things. <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> pops up a lot in the discussion, as do various aspects of the paleo diet and the "<a href="/wiki/Golden_age" title="Golden age">golden age</a>" thinking that implies. </p> <h3><span id="What's_the_harm_in_a_fad_diet?"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What.27s_the_harm_in_a_fad_diet.3F">What's the harm in a fad diet?</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: What's the harm in a fad diet?">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/What%27s_the_harm_(logical_fallacy)" title="What's the harm (logical fallacy)">What's the harm (logical fallacy)</a></div> <p>A danger to genuine celiacs is that if gluten-free is perceived as a "lifestyle" choice, then many food preparers may not educate themselves or treat the condition with the seriousness that it deserves, e.g. not bother to separate food from sources of contamination that won't harm people on some GF fad diet, but can cause serious harm to a celiac sufferer. Because of this, gluten-free labeling is regulated in many parts of the world. In addition, if the fad implodes as it did with the <a href="/wiki/Atkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Atkins">Atkins diet</a>, then genuine sufferers are back to square one and left to deal with the misinformation fallout. </p><p>For people without celiac disease, there may be risks to going on a gluten-free diet, including "potential for obesity, new-onset insulin resistance, and deficiencies of B vitamins, folate, iron, and other nutrients."<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-42">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> Celiac disease is hereditary, so going on a gluten-free diet will not prevent you from having celiac disease.<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-42">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> "Obesity, overweight, and new-onset insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome have been identified after initiation of a GFD."<sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> This may be due to GFD packaged foods containing a higher density of fat and <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> than non-GFD packaged foods.<sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> GFD packaged foods are also rarely fortified with vitamins, leading to the potential for B vitamin and iron deficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-pediatrics_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pediatrics-7">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, two parents in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> were convicted in the death of their 7-month old child.<sup id="cite_ref-bulman_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulman-43">[39]</a></sup> The parents had self-diagnosed that the baby had gluten intolerance and fed him a gluten- and lactose-free diet of quinoa milk (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-bulman_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulman-43">[39]</a></sup> The baby had never been taken to a medical doctor, but the parents took him to a <a href="/wiki/Homeopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeopathic">homeopathic</a> "<a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">doctor</a>" when they realized the baby was ill.<sup id="cite_ref-bulman_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulman-43">[39]</a></sup> </p><p>As with many restrictive diets, the gluten-free diet is moderately tiresome to stick with, and unless you are medically required to, you probably shouldn't bother.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a></sup> </p><p>If you have a partner who is highly sensitive to cross-contamination, you may end up on a gluten-free diet yourself, depending on their sensitivity. Learn to love rice pasta, millet bread, and sorghum <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a>, cider, and distilled <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcoholic</a> beverages are safe too. See? Healthy! </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Safe_and_unsafe_foods">Safe and unsafe foods</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Safe and unsafe foods">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheat_gluten_(vegetarian_mock_duck)_opened_can_(2007).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Wheat_gluten_%28vegetarian_mock_duck%29_opened_can_%282007%29.jpg/300px-Wheat_gluten_%28vegetarian_mock_duck%29_opened_can_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="457" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Wheat_gluten_%28vegetarian_mock_duck%29_opened_can_%282007%29.jpg/450px-Wheat_gluten_%28vegetarian_mock_duck%29_opened_can_%282007%29.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Wheat_gluten_%28vegetarian_mock_duck%29_opened_can_%282007%29.jpg/600px-Wheat_gluten_%28vegetarian_mock_duck%29_opened_can_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1518" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheat_gluten_(vegetarian_mock_duck)_opened_can_(2007).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mock meats for <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarians</a> are often made from wheat gluten: definitely not safe!</div></div></div> <p>At its most basic, the diet means cutting out any source of gluten, primarily wheat, barley, and rye. Kamut and spelt are "ancient" forms of wheat that still contain gluten. As oats are frequently processed on the same equipment as wheat and may be contaminated with gluten, many choose to also avoid oat (or have to pay a premium for oats confirmed to be gluten-free).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[note 5]</a></sup> </p><p>The most obvious sources of gluten would be bread, biscuits, and some cakes. But many foods have unexpected gluten.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a></sup> Wheat flour is often used as a thickener and starch, meaning that most restaurant soups and many sauces will contain gluten. Pseudo-grains such as millet, buckwheat, and quinoa are fine, as are potatoes, rice, and corn. Oats are frequently contaminated due to being processed on machinery also used to process wheat, but there are brands which are tested and certified free from contamination. Wheat gluten is often used in meat substitutes, and sausages may contain biscuit rusk. For those with celiac, cross-contamination in the manufacturing process can also be a source of hidden gluten, so it's important to check packaging for shared equipment warnings. </p><p>Some foods or food ingredients, commonly <a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">monosodium glutamate</a>, or "glutinous rice", are safe (or at any rate, gluten-free) despite their similar names.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a></sup> </p><p>Highly-processed grain derived products such as maltodextrin, glucose syrup, caramel coloring, grain <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">alcohol</a> (yay), and malt vinegar are usually gluten-free. Some gluten-free products will use highly processed wheat starch which is also gluten-free. </p><p>In short, it is vital to inspect the ingredients extremely carefully, and if in any doubt, don't buy. It is common to find that one brand of a product (e.g. ketchup) is safe while another brand is not. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Gluten-free_alternatives">Gluten-free alternatives</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gluten-free alternatives">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg/300px-Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg/450px-Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg/600px-Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Several_Gluten-free_Beers_from_Germany.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Gluten-free <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a></div></div></div> <p>Many gluten-free substitute foods are available, such as bread and pasta made from rice & corn flour;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a></sup> some products also use balsa wood and styrofoam, or at least taste as if they do. The quality of bread varies widely based on the ingredients and preparation involved. The biggest problem is that gluten-free bread tends to fall apart or squash because it is not elastic. Some gluten-free mixes use additives to preserve the shelf life of the product, with cellulose being a common ingredient. </p><p>Grocery shopping outlets such as QFC and Fred Meyer,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a></sup> and home-delivery services such as Amazon Fresh,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a></sup> have special sections for gluten-free foods. Many restaurants have a gluten-free alternate menu, or mark gluten-free items on the menu itself or in a nutrition guide. </p><p>Coeliac UK has a website with an online food database that includes many supermarket brands, and UK residents can also get gluten-free staples on prescription through the <a href="/wiki/NHS" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS">NHS</a>. The additional cost of gluten-free foods is tax-deductible for US residents with a true coeliac diagnosis (as opposed to "<a href="#Woo-based_reasons_for_adoption">thinking that gluten is bad for them</a>"). </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Food_regulation">Food regulation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Food regulation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">Europe</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>European food regulations require food advertised as gluten-free to possess 20 parts per million (ppm) or less of gluten. A second category of food possessing 21-100ppm may be advertised as very low gluten.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a></sup> Some products may be "naturally gluten-free" which means there is nothing to imply gluten (e.g. a bag of carrots is naturally gluten-free) but no formal testing has been done to know for sure and in the case of some grains occasional contamination does occur. </p><p>A product must highlight allergens including gluten in its list of ingredients e.g. by putting them in bold. A separate allergens box is optional. Many products will state they "may" contain traces of gluten due to their manufacturing process. </p><p>There is no standard logo for gluten-free products; however, the UK Coeliac Society's "crossed grain" symbol has become the most commonly used throughout the EU and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a></sup> Other products might use a similar motif or just the words "gluten-free" somewhere on their packaging. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>As of August 2014, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> requires all food labelled as "gluten-free" to contain 20 parts per million (ppm) or less of gluten, and to not be made with any unprocessed gluten-containing grain.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Australia">Australia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ) in collaboration with Coeliac Australia requires that for a product to be declared 'Gluten Free' it must be made on separate equipment to any gluten containing products and contain no gluten (0ppm) or avenin. Unlike in the UK, products containing oats can not be marked Gluten Free in Australia. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gluten-free_makeup">Gluten-free makeup <a href="/wiki/File:Facepalm.png" class="image"><img alt="Facepalm" src="/w/images/thumb/6/60/Facepalm.png/20px-Facepalm.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" srcset="/w/images/thumb/6/60/Facepalm.png/30px-Facepalm.png 1.5x, /w/images/6/60/Facepalm.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gluten-free makeup">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>No, we're not making this up.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a></sup> Since a lot of cosmetics use wheat starch as a cheap filler, several cosmetic companies now sell gluten-free product lines. </p><p>It is possible, depending on where the makeup in question is applied, that a little of it could be ingested. This could trigger a reaction in a celiac sufferer. But there's no evidence that gluten can be absorbed through your skin. So you probably shouldn't worry about gluten in your eye shadow, unless your celiac bedmate likes to nibble on your eyeballs (in which case you really need to replace that roommate). </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">Food allergy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" class="extiw" title="wp:Leaky gut syndrome" rel="nofollow">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSG" class="mw-redirect" title="MSG">MSG</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfco.org/">Gluten-Free Certification Organization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiac_disease" class="extiw" title="wp:Celiac disease" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Celiac disease">Celiac disease</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten_sensitivity#Diagnosis_of_Gluten_Sensitivity" class="extiw" title="wp:Gluten sensitivity" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Gluten sensitivity#Diagnosis of Gluten Sensitivity">Diagnosis of gluten sensitivity</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fatbraintoys.com/toy_companies/waba_fun_llc/kinetic_sand_22_lb.cfm">Gluten-free children's play sand</a> — no, really!</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.againstallgrain.com/">Against All Grain</a>, founded by a woman with an autoimmune disorder who decided not to stop at just excluding gluten</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwhealth.org/nutrition-diet/the-reality-behind-gluten-free-diets/31084">The Reality Behind Gluten-Free Diets</a> Advice from the University of Wisconsin-Madison about gluten-free diets, healthy people are advised to eat gluten.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foodspin.deadspin.com/what-is-the-deal-with-all-the-gluten-paranoia-america-1651306716">Dear America: Quit Flipping Out About Gluten</a>, <i>Foodspin</i>, 27-Oct-2014</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This stretches the definition of "gluten-free", since gluten and avenin are not the same thing, but since the two proteins are so closely related, it's generally not advised for a person who is intolerant to one of them to risk exposing themselves to the other.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goats-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-goats_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This statistic is derived from studies in Australia. There are varying rates around the world: for instance, 1/100 in the UK and an estimated 1/100 worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare this to the symptoms of taking <a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a>, i.e. <i>drinking <b>bleach</b></i>. Yes, it's as stupid as it sounds.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">More precisely, one that low-FODMAP dieters are encouraged to follow for 2-6 weeks before easing off a bit to see what they can cope with.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Most people with celiac tolerate oats.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/53265-what-is-gluten.html">What Is Gluten?</a> by Alina Bradford (December 23, 2015 03:23pm ET) <i>Live Science</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patient.info/health/coeliac-disease-leaflet">Coeliac Disease in the UK</a> <i>Patient Info</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celiac.org/celiac-disease/understanding-celiac-disease-2/">Celiac Disease</a>, <i>Celiac Disease Foundation</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coeliac.org.au/coeliac-disease/#Coeliac3">Statistics About Coeliac Disease</a>, <i>Coeliac Australia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pediatrics-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-2">5.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-3">5.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-4">5.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-5">5.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-6">5.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pediatrics_7-7">5.7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.014">The Gluten-Free Diet: Recognizing Fact, Fiction, and Fad</a> by Norelle R. Reilly (2016) <i>The Journal of Pediatrics</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdJFE1sp4Fw&spfreload=10">Pedestrian Question, What is Gluten?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ie/books?id=v4gIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA350&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Extant works of Aretaeus, the Cappadocian</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neimark-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-neimark_10-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-neimark_10-1">8.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-neimark_10-2">8.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/05/24/529527564/doctors-once-thought-bananas-cured-celiac-disease-it-saved-kids-lives-at-a-cost">Doctors Once Thought Bananas Cured Celiac Disease. They Saved Kids' Lives — At A Cost</a> by Jill Neimark (May 24, 20171:43 PM ET) <i>The Salt (NPR)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coeliac.org.uk/healthcare-professionals/diagnosis-of-coeliac-disease/prevalence-and-screening">Coeliac prevalence and screening</a>, Coeliac UK</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/celiac-disease/celiac-disease-topic-overview">WebMD: Celiac Disease — Topic Overview</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gut.bmj.com/content/34/11/1473.full.pdf+html">Pioneer in the gluten-free diet: Willem-Karel Dicke 1905-1962, over 50 years of gluten-free diet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immusant.com/nexvax2/">Nexvax2® – Lead therapeutic</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSDH-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CSDH_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)33740-4/fulltext">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoeliacS-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CoeliacS_17-0">14.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CoeliacS_17-1">14.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CoeliacS_17-2">14.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.coeliac.org.uk/information-and-support/coeliac-disease/dermatitis-herpetiformis/">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHSDH-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NHSDH_18-0">15.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NHSDH_18-1">15.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/dermatitis-herpetiformis">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">… or <i>is it?</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e7907">Does gluten sensitivity in the absence of coeliac disease exist?</a>, Imran Aziz et al., <i>British Medical Journal</i>, 30-Nov-2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23851-what-if-your-gluten-intolerance-is-all-in-your-head.html?full=true">What if your gluten intolerance is all in your head?</a>, <i>New Scientist</i>, 11-July-2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2014/05/gluten_sensitivity_may_not_exist.html">Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity May Not Exist</a>, RealClearScience blog, 14-May-2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Biesiekierski et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23648697">No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates</a>, <i>Gastroenterology</i>, vol. 145 no. 2 (August 2013), pp. 320-328</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Mono-saccharides And Polyols. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FODMAP" class="extiw" title="wp:FODMAP" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: FODMAP">FODMAP</span></a>.<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18611971">Risk of thyroid disease in individuals with celiac disease, <i>J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.</i> 2008 Oct</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. Chris Kresser (a licensed <a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">acupuncturist</a> and practitioner of <a href="/wiki/Integrative_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrative medicine">integrative medicine</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chriskresser.com/the-gluten-thyroid-connection">The Gluten-Thyroid Connection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/diet/healthy-kitchen-11/truth-about-gluten">WebMD: The Truth About Gluten</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autismweb.com/diet.htm">The GFCF (Gluten-Free, Casein-Free) Diet for Autism Spectrum Disorders</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glutenfreehelp.info/autism-and-gluten/louder-than-words-by-jenny-mccarthy/">GlutenFreeHelp.info: Louder Than Words by Jenny McCarthy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/gluten-free-casein-free-diets-for-autism">WebMD: Gluten-Free/Casein-Free Diets for Autism</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Autism/gluten-free-casein-free-diet-remedy-autism-study/story?id=10690766#.Twi7129SQsI">ABC News: A Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet No Remedy for Autism</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/125/Supplement_1/S1.full">Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Individuals With ASDs: A Consensus Report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imfar.confex.com/imfar/2011/webprogram/Paper9540.html">INSAR: Persistence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Use In ASD</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-the-glutenfree-diet-fosters-weight-loss.html">example</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparkpeople.com/myspark/groups_individual.asp?gid=948">SparkPeople: Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Group</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weightwatchers.com/util/art/index_art.aspx?tabnum=1&art_id=83541&sc=3022">Weight Watchers: Gluten-Free Main Dishes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24901744">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24901744</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/01/20/when-athletes-go-gluten-free/">http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/01/20/when-athletes-go-gluten-free/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970665">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970665</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chriskresser.com/9-steps-to-perfect-health-1-dont-eat-toxins/">Chris Kresser: 9 Steps To Perfect Health – #1: Don’t Eat Toxins</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paleoleap.com/11-ways-gluten-and-wheat-can-damage-your-health/">PaleoLeap: 11 Ways Gluten And Wheat Can Damage Your Health</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bostonglobe-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe_42-0">38.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe_42-1">38.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2016/05/13/gluten-free-diet-may-not-good-for-healthy-kids/1WUgKFjP9lSwAHSqfb6ucJ/story.html">Gluten-free diet may not be good for healthy kids</a> by Cristela Guerra (May 14, 2016) <i>Boston Globe</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bulman-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bulman_43-0">39.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bulman_43-1">39.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bulman_43-2">39.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/baby-gluten-free-diet-dies-undeweight-less-10-pound-lbs-lucas-beveren-belgium-a7740161.html">Baby fed 'alternative' diet weighed less than 10lbs when he died with a totally empty stomach: Mother and father tried to give baby son products like quinoa milk despite warnings it was unsuitable</a> by May Bulman (17 May 2017 10:14 BST) <i>The Independent</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">If people want to add a few gluten-free products to a normal diet including, for example, regular bread with gluten, this is a best a harmless, expensive <a href="/wiki/Placebo" class="mw-redirect" title="Placebo">placebo</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kill me now. — PintofStout</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18224563/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18224563/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hidden-gluten-topic-overview">WebMD: Hidden Gluten — Topic Overview</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celiac.com/articles/181/1/Safe-Gluten-Free-Food-List-Safe-Ingredients/Page1.html">Celiac.com's list of safe ingredients</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://udisglutenfree.com/">Udi's Gluten Free Bread</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/*/http://www.qfc.com/healthy_living/fitness_nutrition/Pages/gluten_free.aspx">Archive copy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fresh.amazon.com/blog?title=Learn-How-to-Shop-for-Gluten-Free&id=187">Amazon: Learn How to Shop for Gluten Free</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:016:0003:0005:EN:PDF">concerning the composition and labelling of foodstuffs suitable for people intolerant to gluten</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.coeliac.org.uk/food-industry-professionals/the-crossed-grain-symbol/">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/guidancedocumentsregulatoryinformation/allergens/ucm362510.htm">Gluten-Free Labeling of Foods</a>, FDA, last retrieved 8-Oct-2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-news/articles/2012/09/11/are-gluten-free-cosmetics-necessary">Are Gluten-Free Cosmetics Necessary?</a>, <i>U.S. News and World Report</i>, 11-September-2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="food_woo-navbox" style="clear:both;"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed autocollapse innercollapse outercollapse navbox nowraplinks" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#47374a; color:white; text-align:center;"><div style="float:left;" class="navbar"><div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foodbox" title="Template:Foodbox"><span style="color:white">v</span></a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foodbox" title="Template talk:Foodbox"><span style="color:white">t</span></a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Foodbox&action=edit"><span style="color:white">e</span></a></div></div><span style="color:white; font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><span style="color:white">Articles</span></a> about <a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo"><span id="food_woo-navbox" style="color:white">food woo</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#47374a; width:25%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Food woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Nutritionist" title="Nutritionist">Nutritionist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kymatika_test" title="Kymatika test">Kymatika test</a> • <a href="/wiki/Superfoods" title="Superfoods">Superfoods</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Haggis" title="Fun:Haggis">Haggis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green tea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bovine_growth_hormone" title="Bovine growth hormone">Bovine growth hormone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">Microwave oven</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Cat food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raspberry_ketone" title="Raspberry ketone">Raspberry ketone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Juicing" title="Juicing">Juicing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Orthorexia" title="Orthorexia">Orthorexia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fortune_cookie" title="Fortune cookie">Fortune cookie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne pepper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soylent" title="Soylent">Soylent</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kopi_luwak" title="Kopi luwak">Kopi luwak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pete_Evans" title="Pete Evans">Pete Evans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raw_honey" title="Raw honey">Raw honey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Omega-3" title="Omega-3">Omega-3</a> • <a href="/wiki/Burusho" title="Burusho">Burusho</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chris_Beat_Cancer" title="Chris Beat Cancer">Chris Beat Cancer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Tripe" title="Fun:Tripe">Tripe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a> • <a href="/wiki/Water_woo" title="Water woo">Water woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Chocolate" title="Fun:Chocolate">Chocolate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_water_treatment" title="Magnetic water treatment">Magnetic water treatment</a> • <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_meat" title="In vitro meat">In vitro meat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agaricus" title="Agaricus">Agaricus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Locavore" title="Locavore">Locavore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cyclamate" title="Cyclamate">Cyclamate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Freedom_fries" title="Freedom fries">Freedom fries</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:RationalWiki_diet" title="Fun:RationalWiki diet">RationalWiki diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spot_reduction" title="Spot reduction">Spot reduction</a> • <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a> • <a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pseudovitamin" title="Pseudovitamin">Pseudovitamin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dietary_cholesterol" title="Dietary cholesterol">Dietary cholesterol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Humans_are_herbivores" title="Humans are herbivores">Humans are herbivores</a> • <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_water" title="Hydrogen water">Hydrogen water</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Eden_School_of_Natural_Health" title="New Eden School of Natural Health">New Eden School of Natural Health</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irina_Ermakova" title="Irina Ermakova">Irina Ermakova</a> • <a href="/wiki/Airborne" title="Airborne">Airborne</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Li" title="William Li">William Li</a> • <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Science_in_the_Public_Interest" title="Center for Science in the Public Interest">Center for Science in the Public Interest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Baby_eating" title="Fun:Baby eating">Baby eating</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cannibalism" title="Cannibalism">Cannibalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Super_Size_Me" title="Super Size Me">Super Size Me</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Sandwich" title="Fun:Sandwich">Sandwich</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_miracle_of_honey_as_an_alternative_medicine" title="The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine">The miracle of honey as an alternative medicine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_irradiation" title="Food irradiation">Food irradiation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soy_boy" title="Soy boy">Soy boy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heart_Attack_Grill" title="Heart Attack Grill">Heart Attack Grill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Probiotics" title="Probiotics">Probiotics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">Obesity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Udo_Pollmer" title="Udo Pollmer">Udo Pollmer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Passwater" title="Richard A. Passwater">Richard A. Passwater</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_woo" title="Food woo">Food woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insect</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spam" title="Spam">Spam</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo_promoters" title="Category:Food woo promoters"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Promoters:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Nutritional_Consultants" title="American Association of Nutritional Consultants">American Association of Nutritional Consultants</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Fagan" title="John Fagan">John Fagan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_Babe" title="Food Babe">Food Babe</a> • <a href="/wiki/GreenMedInfo" title="GreenMedInfo">GreenMedInfo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Organic_Consumers_Association" title="Organic Consumers Association">Organic Consumers Association</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anti-Gym" title="Anti-Gym">Anti-Gym</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bulletproof_diet" title="Bulletproof diet">Bulletproof diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harmonized_H2O" title="Harmonized H2O">Harmonized H2O</a> • <a href="/wiki/Errol_Denton" title="Errol Denton">Errol Denton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerson_Therapy" title="Gerson Therapy">Gerson Therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/MonaVie" title="MonaVie">MonaVie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Purity_Products" title="Purity Products">Purity Products</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Young" title="Robert Young">Robert Young</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cahill" title="Matt Cahill">Matt Cahill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Life_Extension_Foundation" title="Life Extension Foundation">Life Extension Foundation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Rick Scott</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Wolfe" title="David Wolfe">David Wolfe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a> • <a href="/wiki/PETA" title="PETA">PETA</a> • <a href="/wiki/THINCS" title="THINCS">THINCS</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abd_ul-Rahman_Lomax" title="Abd ul-Rahman Lomax">Abd ul-Rahman Lomax</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Smith" title="Jeffrey Smith">Jeffrey Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bakker" title="Jim Bakker">Jim Bakker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Essene_Gospel_of_Peace" title="Essene Gospel of Peace">Essene Gospel of Peace</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Heinerman" title="John Heinerman">John Heinerman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Natural_Healing" title="Institute for Natural Healing">Institute for Natural Healing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aseem_Malhotra" title="Aseem Malhotra">Aseem Malhotra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Monastyrsky" title="Konstantin Monastyrsky">Konstantin Monastyrsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marika_Sboros" title="Marika Sboros">Marika Sboros</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Kendrick" title="Malcolm Kendrick">Malcolm Kendrick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gary_Taubes" title="Gary Taubes">Gary Taubes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Health_Digest" title="Consumer Health Digest">Consumer Health Digest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joel_D._Wallach" title="Joel D. Wallach">Joel D. Wallach</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_DiNicolantonio" title="James DiNicolantonio">James DiNicolantonio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Lundell" title="Dwight Lundell">Dwight Lundell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chris_Kresser" title="Chris Kresser">Chris Kresser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lipman" title="Frank Lipman">Frank Lipman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Dean" title="Carolyn Dean">Carolyn Dean</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Davis" title="William Davis">William Davis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anthony_William" title="Anthony William">Anthony William</a> • <a href="/wiki/Josh_Axe" title="Josh Axe">Josh Axe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nasha_Winters" title="Nasha Winters">Nasha Winters</a> • <a href="/wiki/H._L._Newbold" title="H. L. Newbold">H. L. Newbold</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tim_Noakes" title="Tim Noakes">Tim Noakes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Harcombe" title="Zoë Harcombe">Zoë Harcombe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Annee_de_Mamiel" title="Annee de Mamiel">Annee de Mamiel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Weston_A._Price_Foundation" title="Weston A. Price Foundation">Weston A. Price Foundation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Savage" title="Michael Savage">Michael Savage</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gary_Null" title="Gary Null">Gary Null</a> • <a href="/wiki/H2Om" title="H2Om">H2Om</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Appleton" title="Nancy Appleton">Nancy Appleton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vinnie_Tortorich" title="Vinnie Tortorich">Vinnie Tortorich</a> • <a href="/wiki/MeMe_Roth" title="MeMe Roth">MeMe Roth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Working_Group" title="Environmental Working Group">Environmental Working Group</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Berg" title="Eric Berg">Eric Berg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Baker" title="Shawn Baker">Shawn Baker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Avallone" title="Hunter Avallone">Hunter Avallone</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Perlmutter" title="David Perlmutter">David Perlmutter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jake_Angeli" title="Jake Angeli">Jake Angeli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology" title="Church of Scientology">Church of Scientology</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Trudeau" title="Kevin Trudeau">Kevin Trudeau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Saxon" title="Kurt Saxon">Kurt Saxon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Pavlina" title="Steve Pavlina">Steve Pavlina</a> • <a href="/wiki/TruthWiki" title="TruthWiki">TruthWiki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> • <a href="/wiki/NaturalNews" title="NaturalNews">NaturalNews</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jethro_Kloss" title="Jethro Kloss">Jethro Kloss</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jason_Fung" title="Jason Fung">Jason Fung</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vegan_Artbook" title="Vegan Artbook">Vegan Artbook</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Saladino" title="Paul Saladino">Paul Saladino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ray_Peat" title="Ray Peat">Ray Peat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Truthstream_Media" title="Truthstream Media">Truthstream Media</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Moore" title="Jimmy Moore">Jimmy Moore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Lugavere" title="Max Lugavere">Max Lugavere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vegan_Gains" title="Vegan Gains">Vegan Gains</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tom_Naughton" title="Tom Naughton">Tom Naughton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Diet_woo" title="Category:Diet woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Diet woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Blood_type_diet" title="Blood type diet">Blood type diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Breatharianism" title="Breatharianism">Breatharianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jesus_diet" title="Jesus diet">Jesus diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lemonade_diet" title="Lemonade diet">Lemonade diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a> • <a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Inedia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Macrobiotics" title="Macrobiotics">Macrobiotics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">Organic food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">Raw foodism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Doughism" title="Fun:Doughism">Doughism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Self_help" title="Self help">Self help</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paleo_diet" title="Paleo diet">Paleo diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/French_paradox" title="French paradox">French paradox</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nutritional_supplement" title="Nutritional supplement">Nutritional supplement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerson_Therapy" title="Gerson Therapy">Gerson Therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbalife" title="Herbalife">Herbalife</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raw_milk_movement" title="Raw milk movement">Raw milk movement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anti-oxidants" title="Anti-oxidants">Anti-oxidants</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Squirrel_diet" title="Fun:Squirrel diet">Squirrel diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_and_mineral_supplements" title="Vitamin and mineral supplements">Vitamin and mineral supplements</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soy" title="Soy">Soy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Errol_Denton" title="Errol Denton">Errol Denton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glycemic_index" title="Glycemic index">Glycemic index</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isagenix" title="Isagenix">Isagenix</a> • <a href="/wiki/Subway_diet" title="Subway diet">Subway diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agave_nectar" title="Agave nectar">Agave nectar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sweeteners" title="Sweeteners">Sweeteners</a> • <a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose corn syrup</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neti_pot" title="Neti pot">Neti pot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">Milk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bulletproof_diet" title="Bulletproof diet">Bulletproof diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pro-ana" title="Pro-ana">Pro-ana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geophagia" title="Geophagia">Geophagia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Holland_%26_Barrett" title="Holland & Barrett">Holland & Barrett</a> • <a href="/wiki/Weigh_down_diet" title="Weigh down diet">Weigh down diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clean_living_movement" title="Clean living movement">Clean living movement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Howell" title="Edward Howell">Edward Howell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bone_broth" title="Bone broth">Bone broth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dorsey" title="Jack Dorsey">Jack Dorsey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">Carrot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Diet_soda" title="Diet soda">Diet soda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_dye" title="Food dye">Food dye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Low-carb_diet" title="Low-carb diet">Low-carb diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carnivore_diet" title="Carnivore diet">Carnivore diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Pavlina" title="Steve Pavlina">Steve Pavlina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Winterson" title="Jeanette Winterson">Jeanette Winterson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Helminthic_therapy" title="Helminthic therapy">Helminthic therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_supplement_woo" title="Category:Food supplement woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Supplement woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Ellagic_acid" title="Ellagic acid">Ellagic acid</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Canola_oil" title="Canola oil">Canola oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">Aspartame</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chlorella" title="Chlorella">Chlorella</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a> • <a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a> • <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rooibos_tea" title="Rooibos tea">Rooibos tea</a> • <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD_berry" title="Açaí berry">Açaí berry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salt_woo" title="Salt woo">Salt woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cahill" title="Matt Cahill">Matt Cahill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_and_mineral_supplements" title="Vitamin and mineral supplements">Vitamin and mineral supplements</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Soylent_Green" title="Fun:Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rick_Scott" title="Rick Scott">Rick Scott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplements" title="Dietary supplements">Dietary supplements</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbal_supplement" title="Herbal supplement">Herbal supplement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Health_Digest" title="Consumer Health Digest">Consumer Health Digest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal" title="Activated charcoal">Activated charcoal</a> • <a href="/wiki/CEASE_therapy" title="CEASE therapy">CEASE therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Toxins" title="Category:Toxins"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Toxin woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">Aspartame</a> • <a href="/wiki/Canola_oil" title="Canola oil">Canola oil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">Microwave</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fun:Broccoli" title="Fun:Broccoli">Broccoli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cleanse" title="Cleanse">Cleanse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chemophobia" title="Chemophobia">Chemophobia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Candida" title="Candida">Candida</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nitrites" title="Nitrites">Nitrites</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mercury" title="Mercury">Mercury</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a> • <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">Monosodium glutamate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">Food allergy</a> • <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> • <a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristolochia" title="Aristolochia">Aristolochia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" title="Alcohol">Alcohol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" title="Median lethal dose">Median lethal dose</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayahuasca" title="Ayahuasca">Ayahuasca</a> • <a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal" title="Activated charcoal">Activated charcoal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> • <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Botox" title="Botox">Botox</a> • <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Real_Water" title="Real Water">Real Water</a> • <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">Toxin</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodybuilding_woo" title="Category:Bodybuilding woo"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">Bodybuilding woo:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/ECA_stack" title="ECA stack">ECA stack</a> • <a href="/wiki/Creatine" title="Creatine">Creatine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_caveman_movement" title="Urban caveman movement">Urban caveman movement</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anti-Gym" title="Anti-Gym">Anti-Gym</a> • <a href="/wiki/Human_chorionic_gonadotrophin" title="Human chorionic gonadotrophin">Human chorionic gonadotrophin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding_woo" title="Bodybuilding woo">Bodybuilding woo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Broscience" title="Broscience">Broscience</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bold_and_Determined" title="Bold and Determined">Bold and Determined</a> • <a href="/wiki/Human_growth_hormone" title="Human growth hormone">Human growth hormone</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_One" title="The Golden One">The Golden One</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Joe Rogan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Baker" title="Shawn Baker">Shawn Baker</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carnivore_diet" title="Carnivore diet">Carnivore diet</a> • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:5%;">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#47374a; width:20%; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:GMO" title="Category:GMO"><span style="color:white; font-size:125%">GMO:</span></a></b> </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;"> <a href="/wiki/March_Against_Monsanto" title="March Against Monsanto">March Against Monsanto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> • <a href="/wiki/GMO_A_Go_Go" title="GMO A Go Go">GMO A Go Go</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seeds_of_Death" title="Seeds of Death">Seeds of Death</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lynas" title="Mark Lynas">Mark Lynas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pollan" title="Michael Pollan">Michael Pollan</a> • <a href="/wiki/GreenMedInfo" title="GreenMedInfo">GreenMedInfo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Judy_Carman" title="Judy Carman">Judy Carman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Beacon" title="Liberty Beacon">Liberty Beacon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food,_Inc" title="Food, Inc">Food, Inc</a> • <a href="/wiki/Food_Babe" title="Food Babe">Food Babe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gilles-Eric_S%C3%A9ralini" title="Gilles-Eric Séralini">Gilles-Eric Séralini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb" title="Nassim Nicholas Taleb">Nassim Nicholas Taleb</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glyphosate" title="Glyphosate">Glyphosate</a> • <a href="/wiki/AlterNet" title="AlterNet">AlterNet</a> • <a href="/wiki/FAQ_on_genetically_modified_food" title="FAQ on genetically modified food">FAQ on genetically modified food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Folta" title="Kevin Folta">Kevin Folta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Beppe_Grillo" title="Beppe Grillo">Beppe Grillo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> • <a href="/wiki/TruthWiki" title="TruthWiki">TruthWiki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food">Genetically modified food</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rice" title="Golden Rice">Golden Rice</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kyle Kulinski</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Non-GMO_Project" title="The Non-GMO Project">The Non-GMO Project</a> • <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Working_Group" title="Environmental Working Group">Environmental Working Group</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lipman" title="Frank Lipman">Frank Lipman</a> • <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Environmental_Medicine" title="American Academy of Environmental Medicine">American Academy of Environmental Medicine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a> • <a href="/wiki/M.S._Swaminathan" title="M.S. Swaminathan">M.S. Swaminathan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a> • <a href="/wiki/Percy_Schmeiser" title="Percy Schmeiser">Percy Schmeiser</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dore" title="Jimmy Dore">Jimmy Dore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immortal_Technique" title="Immortal Technique">Immortal Technique</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Dees" title="David Dees">David Dees</a> • <a href="/wiki/NaturalNews" title="NaturalNews">NaturalNews</a> • <a href="/wiki/Truthstream_Media" title="Truthstream Media">Truthstream Media</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zachary_K._Hubbard" title="Zachary K. Hubbard">Zachary K. Hubbard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh" title="Matt Walsh">Matt Walsh</a> • </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&oldid=2702181">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Gluten-free&oldid=2702181</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze-level_articles" title="Category:Bronze-level articles">Bronze-level articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Food_woo" title="Category:Food woo">Food woo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Medicine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diet_woo" title="Category:Diet woo">Diet 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