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class="mw-page-title-main">Marcus Elieser Bloch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_%C3%89lieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Élieser Bloch – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Marcus Élieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AE" title="ماركوس إليسر بلوخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماركوس إليسر بلوخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Маркус Эліэзер Блох – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маркус Эліэзер Блох" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_%C3%89lieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Élieser Bloch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marcus Élieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_%C3%89lieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Élieser Bloch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marcus Élieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A" title="מרקוס אליעזר בלוך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרקוס אליעזר בלוך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AE" title="ماركوس اليسر بلوخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماركوس اليسر بلوخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%9B" title="マルクス・エリエゼル・ブロッホ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルクス・エリエゼル・ブロッホ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_%C3%89lieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Élieser Bloch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marcus Élieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus_Elieser_Blox" title="Markus Elieser Blox – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Markus Elieser Blox" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Блох, Маркус Элиезер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блох, Маркус Элиезер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_%C3%89lieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Élieser Bloch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marcus Élieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Маркус Елієзер Блох – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маркус Елієзер Блох" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Marcus Elieser Bloch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Marcus Elieser Bloch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E8%B5%AB" title="馬庫斯·埃利澤·布洛赫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬庫斯·埃利澤·布洛赫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q64268#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German doctor and naturalist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Marcus Elieser Bloch</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.jpg/220px-Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.jpg/330px-Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.jpg/440px-Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="770" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Graff" title="Anton Graff">Anton Graff</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1723<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 August 1799<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary" title="Karlovy Vary">Carlsbad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">German</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyology" title="Ichthyology">Ichthyology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">Natural history</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marcus Elieser Bloch</b> (1723–1799) was a German physician and <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a> who is best known for his contribution to ichthyology through his multi-volume catalog of plates illustrating the fishes of the world. Brought up in a Hebrew-speaking Jewish family, he learned German and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and studied <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> before settling in Berlin as a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>. He amassed a large <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> collection, particularly of fish specimens. He is generally considered one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Ichthyology" title="Ichthyology">ichthyologists</a> of the 18th century, and wrote many papers on natural history, comparative anatomy, and physiology. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Elieser_Bloch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloch was born at <a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a> in 1723 where his father was a <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> writer and his mother owned a small shop. Educated at home in Hebrew literature he became a private tutor in Hamburg for a Jewish surgeon. Here he learned German, Latin and anatomy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then studied medicine in Berlin and received a doctorate in 1762 from <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfort on the Oder</a> with a treatise on skin disorders. He then became a general practitioner in Berlin and married Breinche, daughter of "<a href="/wiki/Schutzjude" title="Schutzjude">protected Jew</a>" Ruben Joseph Rintel (1699–1765?) in 1765. This allowed him to settle in Berlin. Bloch helped found the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in 1773 along with <a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Moses Mendelssohn</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving also as Mendelssohn's physician. He began to establish a large natural history collection and a library. He also began to publish in journals. Breinche died in 1769 and their only son died aged 21 while on a trip to Paris to sell the book on fishes that his father had written. In 1774 he married Cheile, daughter of banker Joseph Veitel Ephraim (1775–1807) and they would have a daughter who married physician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolf_Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolf Davidson (page does not exist)">Wolf Davidson</a> (1772–1800). After the death of Cheile, he married Rahel, daughter of a Jewish social worker Jeremias Bendix (1735 -1790), and they had a son and two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloch became interested in fishes only in 1782 after finding fish that he could not find a name for in the works of Linnaeus. He then began to collect fishes and had fish specimens sent from around the world, including correspondents from as far as India like <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gerhard_K%C3%B6nig" title="Johann Gerhard König">Johann Gerhard König</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Samuel_John" title="Christoph Samuel John">Christoph Samuel John</a>. The collection was of nearly 1400 specimens and about 800 are now in the Bloch Cabinet of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Berlin" title="Natural History Museum, Berlin">Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin</a>. He began to catalog the fishes of Germany in publications from 1782 to 1784, and on fishes from abroad until 1795, printing the books with copper plate engravings made largely at his own expense. He later managed to get subscribers including the Queen and Prince of Prussia, the Prince of Saxe-Coburg, the royal families of Denmark, Sweden, Poland and the court banker Isaac Daniel Itzig. Bloch also published on medicine, writing on such topics as the waters of Pyrmont and on intestinal parasitic worms. </p><p>Bloch visited Paris in 1797 to examine the fish collections there and returned via Holland. His health became poor and he went to <a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary" title="Karlovy Vary">Carlsbad</a> where he died of a stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in the Jewish cemetery at <a href="/wiki/Lichtenstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Lichtenstadt">Lichtenstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_and_legacy">Works and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Elieser_Bloch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcus_Eliezer_Bloch,_fish_classification.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Marcus_Eliezer_Bloch%2C_fish_classification.jpg/250px-Marcus_Eliezer_Bloch%2C_fish_classification.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Marcus_Eliezer_Bloch%2C_fish_classification.jpg/375px-Marcus_Eliezer_Bloch%2C_fish_classification.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Marcus_Eliezer_Bloch%2C_fish_classification.jpg/500px-Marcus_Eliezer_Bloch%2C_fish_classification.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2634" data-file-height="2372" /></a><figcaption>French edition of Bloch's work, <i>Histoire naturelle des poissons.</i> (1801)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_NYR_17037_0016_005(bloch_marcus_elieser_ichthyologie_ou_histoire_naturelle_generale_et_pa).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2019_NYR_17037_0016_005%28bloch_marcus_elieser_ichthyologie_ou_histoire_naturelle_generale_et_pa%29.jpg/220px-2019_NYR_17037_0016_005%28bloch_marcus_elieser_ichthyologie_ou_histoire_naturelle_generale_et_pa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2019_NYR_17037_0016_005%28bloch_marcus_elieser_ichthyologie_ou_histoire_naturelle_generale_et_pa%29.jpg/330px-2019_NYR_17037_0016_005%28bloch_marcus_elieser_ichthyologie_ou_histoire_naturelle_generale_et_pa%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/2019_NYR_17037_0016_005%28bloch_marcus_elieser_ichthyologie_ou_histoire_naturelle_generale_et_pa%29.jpg/440px-2019_NYR_17037_0016_005%28bloch_marcus_elieser_ichthyologie_ou_histoire_naturelle_generale_et_pa%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3082" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption>Plate from the French edition, depicting <i><a href="/wiki/Diodon_hystrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Diodon hystrix">Diodon hystrix</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthurus_blochii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Acanthurus_blochii.jpg/220px-Acanthurus_blochii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Acanthurus_blochii.jpg/330px-Acanthurus_blochii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Acanthurus_blochii.jpg/440px-Acanthurus_blochii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthurus_blochii" title="Acanthurus blochii">Acanthurus blochii</a></i>, a fish named after Bloch by <a href="/wiki/Achille_Valenciennes" title="Achille Valenciennes">Achille Valenciennes</a> in 1835, an example of animal named in his honour</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Marcus_Elieser_Bloch" title="Category:Taxa named by Marcus Elieser Bloch">Category:Taxa named by Marcus Elieser Bloch</a></div> <p>Bloch is best known for his encyclopedic work in <a href="/wiki/Ichthyology" title="Ichthyology">ichthyology</a>. Between 1782 and 1795 he published his <i>Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Fische</i>, a 12-volume, beautifully illustrated comprehensive work on <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fishes</a>. The first three volumes describe fishes in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and were entitled <i>Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands</i>, the remaining volumes (in 9 parts) dealt with fishes from other parts of the world and were entitled <i>Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische</i>. A French translation “<i>Ichthyologie, ou histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des poissons</i>” was published in 12 volumes between 1785 and 1797. His <i>Systema Ichthologia</i> was published posthumously by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlob_Theaenus_Schneider" title="Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider">Johann G. Schneider</a>. Bloch followed the fish systematics of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Artedi" title="Peter Artedi">Peter Artedi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> although he added new systematic characters including the presence or absence of a fifth gill, gill structure, and bony arches. He described at least 267 new species and 19 genera and several of his binomial names are still in use. Bloch's collection of about 800 surviving specimens is preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Naturkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum für Naturkunde">Museum für Naturkunde</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Elieser_Bloch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Medizinische+Wochenschrift&rft.atitle=Marcus+Elieser+Bloch+%281723%E2%80%931799%29&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=900&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1055%2Fs-0028-1128395&rft.issn=0012-0472&rft.aulast=Hirschberg&rft.aufirst=Julius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thieme-connect.de%2FDOI%2FDOI%3F10.1055%2Fs-0028-1128395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcus+Elieser+Bloch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopkin1978" class="citation journal cs1">Popkin, Richard H. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4466986">"Moses Mendelssohn and Francisco De Miranda"</a>. <i>Jewish Social Studies</i>. <b>40</b> (1): 41–48. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-6704">0021-6704</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4466986">4466986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Social+Studies&rft.atitle=Moses+Mendelssohn+and+Francisco+De+Miranda&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-48&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4466986%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0021-6704&rft.aulast=Popkin&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4466986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcus+Elieser+Bloch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBöttig,_Ariadne" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Böttig, Ariadne. Christoph Schulte (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uni-potsdam.de/de/haskala/haskala-in-biographien/bloch">"Marcus Elizer Bloch. Biographie"</a> (in German). Das online-Lexikon zur jüdischen Aufklärung<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marcus+Elizer+Bloch.+Biographie&rft.pub=Das+online-Lexikon+zur+j%C3%BCdischen+Aufkl%C3%A4rung&rft.au=B%C3%B6ttig%2C+Ariadne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-potsdam.de%2Fde%2Fhaskala%2Fhaskala-in-biographien%2Fbloch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcus+Elieser+Bloch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eb_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaynes1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bloch, Mark Eliezer"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Bloch,_Mark_Eliezer">"Bloch, Mark Eliezer" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bloch%2C+Mark+Eliezer&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarcus+Elieser+Bloch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Elieser_Bloch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/5053">Bloch's works at the Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b2300245v.planchecontact.r=kruger+hennig.f1.langFR">Gallica</a> <i>Illustrations de Ichtyologie ou histoire naturelle générale et particulière des Poissons</i> text Marcus Elieser Bloch, Illustrations:Krüger, J. F. Hennig, Pater Plumier, Ludwig Schmidt, G. Bodenehr and J. F. Hennig Published 1795–1797 at the authors house in Berlin.In French</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726132355/http://www.eti.uva.nl/support/files/mac/bloch.pdf">Bloch’s Fishes (1782-1795) revisited</a> - eti.uva.nl</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108704991">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12377612">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/80568/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8wGW3cfGT7PTqr8jgrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118663968">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81117542">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12321694f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12321694f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bloch, Marcus Elieser"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV076731">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36009677">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002153374&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1612704">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071700048">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000166753">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=256985">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810693189305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/163229">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280490605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14398700">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/marcus-elieser-bloch/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1183638">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118663968.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118663968">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067042805">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Elieser_Bloch&oldid=1246602772">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Elieser_Bloch&oldid=1246602772</a>"</div></div> 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