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<span>Dacian <i>falx</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dacian_falx-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dacian <i>falx</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dacian_falx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Effectiveness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effectiveness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Effectiveness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effectiveness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thracian_falx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thracian_falx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Thracian <span><i>falx</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thracian_falx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Falx</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx" title="Falx – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Falx" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx" title="Falx – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Falx" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BE" title="Φαλξ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαλξ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx" title="Falx – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Falx" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="داس (جنگ افزار) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داس (جنگ افزار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx" title="Falx – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Falx" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EC%8A%A4" title="팔스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falce_dacica" title="Falce dacica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Falce dacica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falces" title="Falces – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Falces" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx" title="Falx – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Falx" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx" title="Falx – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Falx" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falx" title="Falx – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Falx" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Фалькс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фалькс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Фалькс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фалькс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E9%95%B0%E5%88%80" title="达西安镰刀 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="达西安镰刀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q605140#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&oldid=1260313071" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Falx&id=1260313071&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q605140" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient bladed weapon</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Falx_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Falx (disambiguation)">Falx (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AdamclisiMetope34.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/AdamclisiMetope34.jpg/220px-AdamclisiMetope34.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/AdamclisiMetope34.jpg/330px-AdamclisiMetope34.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/AdamclisiMetope34.jpg/440px-AdamclisiMetope34.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption>Dacian warriors wielding a two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> on the <a href="/wiki/Tropaeum_Traiani" title="Tropaeum Traiani">Tropaeum Traiani</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span></b> was a <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapon</a> with a curved blade that was sharp on the inside edge used by the <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a>. The name was later applied to a <a href="/wiki/Siege_hook" title="Siege hook">siege hook</a> used by the Romans. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Falx</i></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word originally meaning '<a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">sickle</a>' but was later used to mean any of a number of tools that had a curved blade that was sharp on the inside edge like a sickle. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Falx</i></span> was thus also used to mean the weapon of the Thracians and Dacians, and the Roman siege hook. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dacian_falx">Dacian <i>falx</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dacian falx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacian_Weapons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Dacian_Weapons.jpg/220px-Dacian_Weapons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Dacian_Weapons.jpg/330px-Dacian_Weapons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Dacian_Weapons.jpg/440px-Dacian_Weapons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Dacian weaponry including a <i>falx</i> (top) exhibited in <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_History_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvanian History Museum">Cluj National History Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In Latin texts, the weapon was described as an <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ensis falcatus</i></span></i> (whence <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">falcata</a></i></span>) by <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Metamorphose</i></span> and as a <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx supina</i></span></i> by <a href="/wiki/Satires_of_Juvenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Satires of Juvenal">Juvenal</a> in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Satiriae</i></span>. </p><p>The Dacian <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> came in two sizes: one-handed and two-handed. The shorter variant was called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sica" title="Sica">sica</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sickle) in the Dacian language (<a href="/wiki/Valerius_Maximus" title="Valerius Maximus">Valerius Maximus</a>, III, 2.12) with a blade length that varied but was usually around 16 inches (41 cm) long with a handle one-third longer than the blade. The two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> was a <a href="/wiki/Polearm" title="Polearm">polearm</a>. It consisted of a 3-foot-long (0.91 m) wooden shaft with a long curved iron blade of nearly-equal length attached to the end. Archaeological evidence indicates that the one-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> was also used two-handed.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitz31_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitz31-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The blade was sharpened only on the inside and was reputed to be devastatingly effective. However, it left its user vulnerable because, being a two-handed weapon, the warrior could not also make use of a shield. It may be imagined that the length of the two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> allowed it to be wielded with great force, the point piercing helmets and the blade splitting shields – it was said to be capable of splitting a shield in two at a single blow. Alternatively, it might have been used as a hook, pulling away shields and cutting at vulnerable limbs, or striking the edge of a strong shield. The inward curving point was still able to pierce the armour or flesh of the target behind the shield, rendering even the most reinforced shields much less effective against a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> wielder. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Trajan's column">Trajan's column</a> is a monument to the emperor's conquest of Dacia. The massive base is covered with reliefs of trophies of Dacian weapons and includes several illustrations of the two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span>. The column itself has a helical frieze that tells the story of the Dacian wars. On the frieze, almost all the Dacians that are armed have shields and therefore cannot be using two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span>. The exact weapon of those few shown without shields cannot be determined with certainty. The frieze of Trajan's column also shows Dacians using smaller, sword-sized <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span>. However, this column is also largely stylized, with the sculptor believed to have worked from Trajan's now lost commentary and unlikely to have witnessed the events himself. A further problem is that most of the weapons on the monument were made of metal, which have since disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Adamclisi monument, built by Trajan to commemorate the Romans who lost their lives in the Dacian counterattack in <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, is thought to have been constructed by the soldiers who fought there, so it may be more accurate. This column shows four distinct types of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span>, whereas Trajan's shows only one type that does not resemble any on the Adamclisi monument. Because of this, historians disagree on which depiction is correct, but it has been pointed out that if the Trajan's column <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> are correct, then there would have been no need to modify Roman armour.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitz30_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitz30-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both columns show the Dacians fighting with no armour apart from a shield, although some on the Adamclisi are wearing helmets. Some historians believe that armour was not depicted to differentiate Dacians from Romans, as both used the same style of shield. Other sources indicate that Dacians by this time had undergone Romanisation, used Roman military tactics, and sometimes wore Roman style scale armour. It is likely that the nobles at least wore armour and, combined with the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span>, the Dacians would have been a formidable threat.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effectiveness">Effectiveness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effectiveness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Cornelius_Fronto" title="Marcus Cornelius Fronto">Marcus Cornelius Fronto</a> described the large gaping wounds that a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> inflicted, and experiments have shown that a blow from a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> easily penetrated the Romans' <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lorica_segmentata" title="Lorica segmentata">lorica segmentata</a></i></span>, enough to incapacitate or kill a majority of opponents. These experiments also show that the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> was most efficient when targeting the head, shoulders, legs and especially the right (sword) arm, which was generally exposed. A legionary who had lost the use of his right arm became a serious liability to his unit in battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitz31_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitz31-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">conquest of Dacia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> the Roman army adapted personal equipment while on campaign, and it seems likely that this was a response to this deadly weapon. Roman legionaries had transverse reinforcing iron straps applied to their helmets - it is clear that these are late modifications because they are roughly applied across existing embossed decoration. The legions also reintroduced the wearing of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lorica_hamata" title="Lorica hamata">lorica hamata</a></i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Lorica_squamata" title="Lorica squamata">lorica squamata</a></i></span> for the Dacia campaign as both were more flexible than the newer <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">segmentata</i></span> armour which was able to distribute damage more widely. In addition, both these older armour styles had unique modifications, a row of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Pteruges" title="Pteruges">pteruges</a></i></span> was added to the sleeves, a double row of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pteruges</i></span> was added to the skirt and a heavily padded vestment was worn underneath them. Roman armour of the time left limbs unprotected; Trajan introduced the use of <a href="/wiki/Greave" title="Greave">greaves</a> and an arm protector (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Manica_(armguard)" title="Manica (armguard)">manica</a></i></span>) for the right arm, which had previously been used only by gladiators, and which was never used again by soldiers once the Dacia campaign concluded.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Manica_(armguard)#History_and_usage" title="Manica (armguard)"><span title="This text contradicts material at the article 'Manica (armguard)', section 'History and usage'. (October 2011)">contradictory</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thracian_falx">Thracian <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thracian falx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Thracians also made use of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span>. They also used the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Rhomphaia" title="Rhomphaia">rhomphaia</a></i></span>, a weapon very similar to the two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> but less curved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falx.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Falx.png/220px-Falx.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Falx.png/330px-Falx.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Falx.png/440px-Falx.png 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Falx</i></span>, drawing based on the Adamclisi monument</figcaption></figure> <p>The two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> is clearly related to the Thracian <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rhomphaia</i></span>. It is a derivative of both the sword and the spear, having evolved from a spear to a polearm before becoming more dramatically curved to facilitate a superior cutting action.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This drastic curve rendered the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> a purely offensive weapon to be used against a broken or routing force.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Typically, an enemy would be broken by a sustained hail of missile fire from javelin, dart, bow, sling, and stone throwing troops before being chased down and cut to pieces by the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> wielders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The ancestor of the two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> may have been a farming implement used as an improvised weapon, in a manner analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Bill_(weapon)" title="Bill (weapon)">bill-guisarme</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The single-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> might have been inspired by the sickle, although agricultural sickles of the time were typically quite small – no more than 30 cm or so in length.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the time of the Dacian wars, producing a long, sharp blade was technically challenging.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As such, it might be that the larger two-handed <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> was a high-status weapon and used only by the best warriors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_variations">Other variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similarly, there are the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sica</i></span> and the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rhomphaia</i></span>. The <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sica</i></span> is a much smaller variation, some with very dramatic curves or bends. The <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">rhomphaia</i></span> is often larger and used with two hands, though there were some one handed ones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AdamclisiMetope32.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A falx (romphaia) wielded on the Tropaeum Traiani"><img alt="A falx (romphaia) wielded on the Tropaeum Traiani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/AdamclisiMetope32.jpg/90px-AdamclisiMetope32.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/AdamclisiMetope32.jpg/135px-AdamclisiMetope32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/AdamclisiMetope32.jpg/180px-AdamclisiMetope32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="3488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">romphaia</i></span>) wielded on the Tropaeum Traiani </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AdamclisiMetope37.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another image from the Tropaeum Traiani"><img alt="Another image from the Tropaeum Traiani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/AdamclisiMetope37.jpg/90px-AdamclisiMetope37.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/AdamclisiMetope37.jpg/134px-AdamclisiMetope37.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/AdamclisiMetope37.jpg/179px-AdamclisiMetope37.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2510" data-file-height="3360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another image from the Tropaeum Traiani</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trajan_Denarius,_Roman_Dacia,_107_AD_-_Reverse_-_Version_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dacian with falx (below) on reverse of a denarius (107 AD) marking the conquest of Dacia"><img alt="Dacian with falx (below) on reverse of a denarius (107 AD) marking the conquest of Dacia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Trajan_Denarius%2C_Roman_Dacia%2C_107_AD_-_Reverse_-_Version_2.jpg/120px-Trajan_Denarius%2C_Roman_Dacia%2C_107_AD_-_Reverse_-_Version_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Trajan_Denarius%2C_Roman_Dacia%2C_107_AD_-_Reverse_-_Version_2.jpg/180px-Trajan_Denarius%2C_Roman_Dacia%2C_107_AD_-_Reverse_-_Version_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Trajan_Denarius%2C_Roman_Dacia%2C_107_AD_-_Reverse_-_Version_2.jpg/240px-Trajan_Denarius%2C_Roman_Dacia%2C_107_AD_-_Reverse_-_Version_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="1657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Reverse_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse (coin)">Dacian</a> with <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">falx</i></span> (below) on reverse of a <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarius</a> (107 AD) marking the conquest of Dacia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Sculpture_of_a_woman_with_a_scythe_as_the_personification_of_a_province_(probably_Thrace)_from_the_Hadrianeum_(Temple_of_the_Divine_Hadrian)_145_AD,_Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Terme,_Rome_(8508913059).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Falx with personification of a Roman province, possibly Thrace, from the Hadrianeum"><img alt="Falx with personification of a Roman province, possibly Thrace, from the Hadrianeum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Roman_Sculpture_of_a_woman_with_a_scythe_as_the_personification_of_a_province_%28probably_Thrace%29_from_the_Hadrianeum_%28Temple_of_the_Divine_Hadrian%29_145_AD%2C_Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Terme%2C_Rome_%288508913059%29.jpg/104px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Roman_Sculpture_of_a_woman_with_a_scythe_as_the_personification_of_a_province_%28probably_Thrace%29_from_the_Hadrianeum_%28Temple_of_the_Divine_Hadrian%29_145_AD%2C_Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Terme%2C_Rome_%288508913059%29.jpg/156px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Roman_Sculpture_of_a_woman_with_a_scythe_as_the_personification_of_a_province_%28probably_Thrace%29_from_the_Hadrianeum_%28Temple_of_the_Divine_Hadrian%29_145_AD%2C_Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Terme%2C_Rome_%288508913059%29.jpg/209px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3128" data-file-height="3597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Falx</i> with personification of a Roman province, possibly <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrace (Roman province)">Thrace</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Hadrianeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrianeum">Hadrianeum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosa%C3%AFque_jeux_du_cirque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The shorter sica as the weapon of the Thraex gladiator (Gallo-Roman mosaic, 1st century)"><img alt="The shorter sica as the weapon of the Thraex gladiator (Gallo-Roman mosaic, 1st century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mosa%C3%AFque_jeux_du_cirque.jpg/117px-Mosa%C3%AFque_jeux_du_cirque.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mosa%C3%AFque_jeux_du_cirque.jpg/176px-Mosa%C3%AFque_jeux_du_cirque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mosa%C3%AFque_jeux_du_cirque.jpg/234px-Mosa%C3%AFque_jeux_du_cirque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The shorter <i>sica</i> as the weapon of the <i><a href="/wiki/Thraex" title="Thraex">Thraex</a></i> gladiator (<a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> mosaic, 1st century)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_warfare" title="Dacian warfare">Dacian warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sabre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese sabre">Dadao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">Falcata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythe_sword" title="Scythe sword">Scythe sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotel" title="Shotel">Shotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanianhistoryandculture.com/getaigoldsilverarmor.htm#667015478">"Getai Gold&Silver Armor"</a>. <i>Romanian History and Culture</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Romanian+History+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Getai+Gold%26Silver+Armor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanianhistoryandculture.com%2Fgetaigoldsilverarmor.htm%23667015478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFalx" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rome's Enemies, Vol. 1: Germanics and Dacians</i> (Men at Arms Series, 129) by Peter Wilcox and Gerry Embleton, 1982, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmitz31-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitz31_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitz31_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Schmitz <i>The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD</i> Caeros 2005, p. 31 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9758445-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9758445-0-4">0-9758445-0-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Schmitz <i>The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD</i>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmitz30-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schmitz30_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Schmitz <i>The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD</i>, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Schmitz <i>The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD</i>, pp. 32–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Schmitz <i>The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD</i>, pp. 33–36</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falx&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dacian_and_Dacians" class="extiw" title="commons:Dacian and Dacians"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Dacian and Dacians</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/33876270/Borangic-C-Incursiune-in-Arsenalul-Armelor-Curbe-Tracice-Falx-Dacica-Sebus-I-2009">Borangic C. - Incursiune in Arsenalul Armelor Curbe Tracice. Falx Dacica. Sebus, I, 2009</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larp.com/legioxx/falxcut2.jpg">Demonstration of a reconstructed falx in use</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317081753/http://ranistorum.midhedava.net/site_eng/arma.html">The curved sword of the Dacians</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Falx.html">Falx as a tool</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cheiron.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~trajan/buildtrajanpage.cgi?50">Dacian wielding single handed falx, Trajan's column</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526185214/http://cheiron.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~trajan/buildtrajanpage.cgi?50">Archived</a> 2011-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cheiron.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~trajan/buildtrajanpage.cgi?160">Dacians wielding single handed falxes, Trajan's column</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121129075451/http://cheiron.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~trajan/buildtrajanpage.cgi?160">Archived</a> 2012-11-29 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181231162323/https://www.larp.com/legioxx/rdays.html">Images of historical re-enactor with falx</a> (referring to images in row F).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cheiron.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~trajan/buildtrajanpage.cgi?339">Trajan's Column: Besieged Dacians sally forth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526185237/http://cheiron.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~trajan/buildtrajanpage.cgi?339">Archived</a> 2011-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian tribes">Tribes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Daco-Thracian_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Daco-Thracian peoples and tribes">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aedi" title="Aedi">Aedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albocenses" title="Albocenses">Albocenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anartes" title="Anartes">Anartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apuli" title="Apuli">Apuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biephi" title="Biephi">Biephi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessi" title="Bessi">Bessi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bessoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessoi">Bessoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burs_(Dacia)" title="Burs (Dacia)">Burs (Dacia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpi people">Carpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciaginsi" title="Ciaginsi">Ciaginsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clariae" title="Clariae">Clariae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crobidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Crobidae">Crobidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Daci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peukini" class="mw-redirect" title="Peukini">Peukini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piephigi" title="Piephigi">Piephigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potulatenses" title="Potulatenses">Potulatenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predasenses" title="Predasenses">Predasenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadacenses" title="Rhadacenses">Rhadacenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saldenses" title="Saldenses">Saldenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaugdae" title="Scaugdae">Scaugdae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senses_(tribe)" title="Senses (tribe)">Senses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suci" title="Suci">Suci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terizi" title="Terizi">Terizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teurisci" title="Teurisci">Teurisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trixae" title="Trixae">Trixae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyragetae" title="Tyragetae">Tyragetae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglodytae#In_Strabo" title="Troglodytae">Troglodytae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian kings">Kings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coson" class="mw-redirect" title="Coson">Coson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cothelas" title="Cothelas">Cothelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromichaetes" title="Dromichaetes">Dromichaetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskon" title="Moskon">Moskon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroles" title="Oroles">Oroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhemaxos" title="Rhemaxos">Rhemaxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubobostes" title="Rubobostes">Rubobostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmodegicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zalmodegicus">Zalmodegicus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian nucleus in Transylvania<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a> (82/61–44 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deceneus" title="Deceneus">Deceneus</a> (44 BC–???)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comosicus" title="Comosicus">Comosicus</a> (9 BC(?)–30s AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorilo" title="Scorilo">Scorilo</a> (c. 30s–70 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duras_(Dacian_king)" title="Duras (Dacian king)">Duras</a> (c. 69–87 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebalus</a> (87–106 AD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian kingdom of Banat and Oltenia<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotiso" title="Cotiso">Cotiso</a> (c. 40–c. 9 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian kingdom of Dobruja<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dapyx" title="Dapyx">Dapyx</a> (1st-century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rholes" title="Rholes">Rholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyraxes" title="Zyraxes">Zyraxes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian kingdom of Wallachia and<br />southern Moldavia and Transylvania<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicomes" title="Dicomes">Dicomes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Culture and<br />civilization</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;">Artifacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koson_(coin)" title="Koson (coin)">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dacia_and_Dacians" class="extiw" title="commons:Dacia and Dacians">Art, jewellery, treasures, tools</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_bracelets" title="Dacian bracelets">bracelets</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_clothing" title="Thracian clothing">Clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_language" title="Dacian language">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belagines" title="Belagines">Belagines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_words_of_possible_Dacian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Romanian words of possible Dacian origin">Words of possible Dacian origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_plant_names" title="List of Dacian plant names">Dacian plant names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_names" title="List of Dacian names">Dacian names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian script">Dacian script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinaia_lead_plates" title="Sinaia lead plates">Sinaia lead plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daco-Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Daco-Thracian">Daco-Thracian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Illyrian" title="Thraco-Illyrian">Thraco-Illyrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Deities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bendis" title="Bendis">Bendis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deceneus" title="Deceneus">Deceneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derzelas" title="Derzelas">Derzelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebeleizis" title="Gebeleizis">Gebeleizis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotys_(Thracian_goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotys (Thracian goddess)">Kotys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistoros" title="Pleistoros">Pleistoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabazios" title="Sabazios">Sabazios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semele" title="Semele">Semele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Seirenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxis" title="Zalmoxis">Zalmoxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Draco" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian Draco">Dacian Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogaionon" title="Kogaionon">Kogaionon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Settlements</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_towns_and_fortresses" title="List of Dacian towns and fortresses">Fortresses</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argidava" title="Argidava">Argidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buridava" title="Buridava">Buridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumidava" title="Cumidava">Cumidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroboridava" title="Piroboridava">Piroboridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucidava" title="Sucidava">Sucidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dava_(Dacian)" title="Dava (Dacian)">Davae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Fortresses_of_the_Or%C4%83%C8%99tie_Mountains" title="Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains">Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Dacicus" title="Murus Dacicus">Murus Dacicus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Foreign<br />relations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia#West_Thracian_and_Dacian_coast" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia#Celtic" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Germanic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_of_Dionysopolis" title="Decree of Dionysopolis">Romans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_warfare" title="Dacian warfare">Warfare</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sica" title="Sica">Sica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_warfare" title="Thracian warfare">Thracian warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Wars with the<br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">Domitian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">First Battle of Tapae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dacian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Dacian War">First War</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tapae" title="Second Battle of Tapae">Second Battle of Tapae</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adamclisi" title="Battle of Adamclisi">Battle of Adamclisi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Dacian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dacian War">Second War</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarmizegetusa" title="Battle of Sarmizegetusa">Battle of Sarmizegetusa</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Free_Dacians" title="Free Dacians">Free Dacians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Traiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacia Traiana">Dacia Traiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor_(Dobruja)" title="Scythia Minor (Dobruja)">Scythia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Bridge" title="Trajan's Bridge">Bridge</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Column</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia#Roman" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Towns and cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castra_in_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of castra in Dacia">Castra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Limes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Alutanus" title="Limes Alutanus">Alutanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Moesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes Moesiae">Moesiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Porolissensis" title="Limes Porolissensis">Porolissensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dykes" title="Devil's Dykes">Sarmatiae (Devil's Dykes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Transalutanus" title="Limes Transalutanus">Transalutanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Wall" title="Trajan's Wall">Trajan's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazda_lui_Novac" title="Brazda lui Novac">Brazda lui Novac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daco-Roman" title="Daco-Roman">Daco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Roman" title="Thraco-Roman">Thraco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Romance_substratum" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Romance substratum">Eastern Romance substratum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dacian_archaeology" title="Category:Dacian archaeology">Archaeology</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Romania" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Romania">sites in Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Dacia" title="Category:Books about Dacia">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacianism" title="Dacianism">Dacianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacology" title="Dacology">Dacology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracology" title="Thracology">Thracology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dacia" title="Category:Dacia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WikiProject_Dacia" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:WikiProject Dacia">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Dacia">WikiProject</a></li> <li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Dacian kingdoms succeeding Burebista's state and preceding Decebalus' state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polearms" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polearms" title="Template:Polearms"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polearms" title="Template talk:Polearms"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polearms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polearms"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polearms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Polearm" title="Polearm">Polearms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlspiess" title="Ahlspiess">Ahlspiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atgeir" title="Atgeir">Atgeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardiche" title="Bardiche">Bardiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bec_de_corbin" title="Bec de corbin">Bec de corbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(weapon)" title="Bill (weapon)">Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_spear" title="Bear spear">Bear spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_spear" title="Boar spear">Boar spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_earspoon" title="Bohemian earspoon">Bohemian earspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandistock" title="Brandistock">Brandistock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brogit_staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Brogit staff">Brogit staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corseque" title="Corseque">Corseque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dane_axe" title="Dane axe">Dane axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doloire" title="Doloire">Doloire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dory_(spear)" title="Dory (spear)">Dory</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Falx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauchard" title="Fauchard">Fauchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaive" title="Glaive">Glaive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goedendag" title="Goedendag">Goedendag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guisarme" title="Guisarme">Guisarme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberd" title="Halberd">Halberd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_pike" class="mw-redirect" title="Half pike">Half pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_(spear)" title="Hasta (spear)">Hasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javelin" title="Javelin">Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeddart_staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeddart staff">Jeddart staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontos_(weapon)" title="Kontos (weapon)">Kontos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance" title="Lance">Lance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochaber_axe" title="Lochaber axe">Lochaber axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne_hammer" title="Lucerne hammer">Lucerne hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_catcher" title="Man catcher">Man catcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menaulion" title="Menaulion">Menaulion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_fork" title="Military fork">Military fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ox_tongue_spear" title="Ox tongue spear">Ox tongue spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_(weapon)" title="Partisan (weapon)">Partisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_(weapon)" title="Pike (weapon)">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%A7on_%C3%A0_picot" title="Plançon à picot">Plançon à picot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollaxe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollaxe">Pollaxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarterstaff" title="Quarterstaff">Quarterstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranseur" title="Ranseur">Ranseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomphaia" title="Rhomphaia">Rhomphaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarissa" title="Sarissa">Sarissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_halberd" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish halberd">Scottish halberd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovnya" title="Sovnya">Sovnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparth_axe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparth axe">Sparth axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spetum" title="Spetum">Spetum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontoon" title="Spontoon">Spontoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordstaff" title="Swordstaff">Swordstaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident" title="Trident">Trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_halberd" title="Viking halberd">Viking halberd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voulge" title="Voulge">Voulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_scythe" title="War scythe">War scythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_hook" title="Welsh hook">Welsh hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">Xyston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbir" title="Arbir">Arbir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambu_runcing" title="Bambu runcing">Bambu runcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcha" title="Barcha">Barcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisento" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisento">Bisento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagger-axe" title="Dagger-axe">Dagger-axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangpa" title="Dangpa">Dangpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangtian_ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangtian ji">Fangtian ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gichang" title="Gichang">Gichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guandao" title="Guandao">Guandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoko_yari" title="Hoko yari">Hoko yari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_(polearm)" title="Ji (polearm)">Ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama-yari" title="Kama-yari">Kama-yari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudi_(knife)" title="Kudi (knife)">Kudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamaki" title="Nagamaki">Nagamaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naginata" title="Naginata">Naginata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngao_(polearm)" title="Ngao (polearm)">Ngao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podao" title="Podao">Podao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_(spear)" title="Qiang (spear)">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasumata" title="Sasumata">Sasumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibat" title="Sibat">Sibat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodegarami" title="Sodegarami">Sodegarami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovnya" title="Sovnya">Sovnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumpit" title="Sumpit">Sumpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabar_(axe)" title="Tabar (axe)">Tabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torimono_sand%C5%8Dgu" title="Torimono sandōgu">Torimono sandōgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trishula" title="Trishula">Trishula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukub%C5%8D" title="Tsukubō">Tsukubō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woldo" title="Woldo">Woldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yari" title="Yari">Yari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falx&oldid=1260313071">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falx&oldid=1260313071</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_European_swords" title="Category:Ancient European swords">Ancient European swords</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_weapons" title="Category:Ancient 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