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id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目錄</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">古以色列人</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有58種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeliten" title="Israeliten – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Israeliten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="بنو إسرائيل – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنو إسرائيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%9D_%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A0" title="ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ – 阿拉米文" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Israelites" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srail_%C3%B6vladlar%C4%B1" title="İsrail övladları – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İsrail övladları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Израилтяни – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Израилтяни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ইস্রায়েলীয় – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইস্রায়েলীয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Исраилхой – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исраилхой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بەنی ئیسرائیل – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەنی ئیسرائیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synov%C3%A9_Izraele" title="Synové Izraele – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Synové Izraele" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelitter" title="Israelitter – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Israelitter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeliten" title="Israeliten – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Israeliten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ισραηλίτες – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισραηλίτες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Israelites" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelidoj" title="Izraelidoj – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Izraelidoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelita" title="Israelita – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Israelita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisraeliidid" title="Iisraeliidid – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iisraeliidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeldar_(antzinako_herria)" title="Israeldar (antzinako herria) – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Israeldar (antzinako herria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بنی‌اسرائیل – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنی‌اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelin_heimot" title="Israelin heimot – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Israelin heimot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra%C3%A9lites" title="Israélites – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Israélites" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeliten" title="Israeliten – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Israeliten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C" title="שנים עשר שבטי ישראל – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנים עשר שבטי ישראל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Israil" title="Bani Israil – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bani Israil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeliti" title="Israeliti – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Israeliti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB_(%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F)" title="イスラエル (民族) – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスラエル (民族)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Израиль ұрпақтары – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Израиль ұрпақтары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="이스라엘 민족 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스라엘 민족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra%C3%ABlitae" title="Israëlitae – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Israëlitae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelitai" title="Izraelitai – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Izraelitai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelita" title="Israelita – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Israelita" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Israil" title="Bani Israil – 米南卡堡文" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bani Israil" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南卡堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="ഇസ്രായേൽ ജനത – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്രായേൽ ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bani_Israel" title="Bani Israel – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bani Israel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra%C3%ABlieten" title="Israëlieten – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Israëlieten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelittar" title="Israelittar – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Israelittar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelitter" title="Israelitter – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Israelitter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بنی اسرائیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنی اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelitas" title="Israelitas – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Israelitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%C8%9Bi" title="Israeliți – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Israeliți" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Израэлиты – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Израэлиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="بني اسرائيل – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بني اسرائيل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraeliti" title="Izraeliti – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izraeliti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Israelites" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraeliti" title="Izraeliti – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Izraeliti" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelit%C3%ABt_e_lasht%C3%AB" title="Izraelitët e lashtë – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Izraelitët e lashtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Израелити – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Израелити" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeliter" title="Israeliter – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Israeliter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanaisraeli" title="Wanaisraeli – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wanaisraeli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுரயேலர் – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுரயேலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="วงศ์วานอิสราเอล – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์วานอิสราเอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinaunang_Israelita" title="Sinaunang Israelita – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sinaunang Israelita" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0srailo%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1" title="İsrailoğulları – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İsrailoğulları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Ізраїльтяни – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізраїльтяни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بنی اسرائیل – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنی اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Israel_(c%E1%BB%95_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i)" title="Người Israel (cổ đại) – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Israel (cổ đại)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0nni_Israyil" title="Bànni Israyil – 沃洛夫文" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bànni Israyil" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="以色列人 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="以色列人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&oldid=2133588" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&id=2133588&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258F%25A4%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E8%2589%25B2%25E5%2588%2597%25E4%25BA%25BA"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258F%25A4%25E4%25BB%25A5%25E8%2589%25B2%25E5%2588%2597%25E4%25BA%25BA"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Israelites" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51669" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%90%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%A5%9A" title="Wikipedia:搞清楚"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span>  <b>提示：</b>呢篇文講嘅唔係<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="以色列人">以色列人</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="猶太人">猶太人</a></b>。</div> <p><b>古以色列人</b>（<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%98%85%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E8%AE%80%E9%9F%B3" title="Help:英文嘅國際音標讀音">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>-/</a></span></span>，<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87" title="希伯來文">希伯來文</a>：<span lang="he" dir="rtl">בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל</span>‎，<small>羅馬拼音：</small><span lang="he-Latn" title="希伯來文嘅一種羅馬拼音">Bənēy Yīsrāʾēl</span>，<small><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%AD%AF" title="直譯">意思係</a> </small> ｢<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84" class="mw-disambig" title="雅各">以色列</a>之民｣）係一班<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%83%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="閃語族">閃語族</a>群嘅部落，喺<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鐵器時代">鐵器時代</a>期間住喺<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97" title="迦南">迦南</a>地<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stiftshuette_Modell_Timnapark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stiftshuette_Modell_Timnapark.jpg/220px-Stiftshuette_Modell_Timnapark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stiftshuette_Modell_Timnapark.jpg/330px-Stiftshuette_Modell_Timnapark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stiftshuette_Modell_Timnapark.jpg/440px-Stiftshuette_Modell_Timnapark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>古以色列人嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%95" title="會幕">會幕</a>嘅模型</figcaption></figure> <p>“以色列”呢個名，最先喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="法老">法老</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥倫普塔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Mernaptah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥倫普塔 (無呢版)">麥倫普塔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mernaptah" class="extiw" title="en:Mernaptah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mernaptah</span></a></span>）</span></span>喺主前1200年代所寫嘅版塊出現。現代嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學">考古學</a>發現，古以色列人係由迦南人分支出嚟，之後發展咗圍繞住<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF" title="耶和華">耶和華</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="一神論">一神論</a>宗教<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。佢哋講迦南話嘅一種方言，之後演變成爲<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87" title="聖經希伯來文">聖經希伯來文</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。喺<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鐵器時代">鐵器時代</a>期間，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="以色列聯合王國">以色列聯合王國</a>出現咗。喺王國分裂之後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%8B%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="北國以色列">北國以色列</a>喺主前720年代俾<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0" title="亞述">亞述</a>毀滅<sup id="cite_ref-Broshi_2001_1742_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broshi_2001_1742-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="南國猶大">南國猶大</a>就喺主前586年俾<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB" title="巴比倫">巴比倫</a>消滅<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。古以色列人有部分俾人驅逐咗去巴比倫，但係喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="居魯士大帝">居魯士大帝</a>掌權之後，佢哋返咗去以色列<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>根據《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》記載，以色列人係<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84" class="mw-disambig" title="雅各">雅各</a>嘅後代，之後改咗名叫“以色列”。喺經過<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97" title="迦南">迦南</a>地嘅一次<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E7%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="旱災">旱災</a>之後，雅各同佢嘅12個仔逃咗去<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a>，成爲<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="以色列十二支派">以色列十二支派</a>。以色列人喺埃及耐咗之後成爲咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="奴隸">奴隸</a>，並喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a>嘅帶領之下，成功逃離埃及，喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%9B%B8%E4%BA%9E" title="約書亞">約書亞</a>之下，成功佔據迦南。 </p><p>大部分嘅學家都認爲<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A5%E6%8B%89" title="妥拉">妥拉</a>嘅記載並唔完全合乎現實，反而係一種國家<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="神話">神話</a>，但係内容嘅中心應該有真實嘅歷史背景<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。聖經所提及嘅聯合王國亦同樣受唔同嘅學家質疑<sup id="cite_ref-Zachary_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zachary-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lipschits_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lipschits-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E7%91%AA%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="撒瑪利亞人">撒瑪利亞人</a>都係以古以色列人為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖先</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。猶太人嚟自<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="猶大支派">猶大支派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E9%9B%85%E6%86%AB%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="便雅憫支派">便雅憫支派</a>、同部分嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%9C%AA%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="利未支派">利未支派</a>。撒瑪利亞人嚟自<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="約瑟支派">約瑟支派</a>入面嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%93%AE%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="以法蓮支派">以法蓮支派</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="瑪拿西支派">瑪拿西支派</a>、同埋留咗喺迦南地嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%9C%AA%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="利未支派">利未支派</a>。有其他族群都有聲稱嚟自古以色列人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="猶太人">猶太人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%94%E7%B6%93" title="摩西五經">摩西五經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%94%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="以色列十二支派">以色列十二支派</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span 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.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zit3 .hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123190920/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Israelite">"Israelite"</a>. <i>Lexico UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="牛津大學出版社">牛津大學出版社</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Israelite">原著</a>喺23 November 2021歸檔.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Israelite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FIsraelite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Israelite">"Israelite"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Israelite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FIsraelite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Finkelstein, Israel. "Ethnicity and origin of the Iron I settlers in the Highlands of Canaan: Can the real Israel stand up?." The Biblical archaeologist 59.4 (1996): 198–212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Finkelstein, Israel. The archaeology of the Israelite settlement. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Finkelstein, Israel, and Nadav Na'aman, eds. From nomadism to monarchy: archaeological and historical aspects of early Israel. Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Finkelstein, Israel. "The archaeology of the United Monarchy: an alternative view." Levant 28.1 (1996): 177–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Mark (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Early_History_of_God.html?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC"><i>The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel</i></a>. Eerdman's. p. 6-7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+History+of+God%3A+Yahweh+and+Other+Deities+of+Ancient+Israel&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Eerdman%27s&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FThe_Early_History_of_God.html%3Fid%3D1yM3AuBh4AsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rendsberg, Gary (2008). "Israel without the Bible". In Frederick E. Greenspahn. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship. NYU Press, pp. 3–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGnuse1997" class="citation book cs1">Gnuse, Robert Karl (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noothergodsemerg0000gnus"><i>No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel</i></a>. England: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noothergodsemerg0000gnus/page/28">28</a>, 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/1-85075-657-0" title="Special:書本來源/1-85075-657-0"><bdi>1-85075-657-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Other+Gods%3A+Emergent+Monotheism+in+Israel&rft.place=England&rft.pages=28%2C+31&rft.pub=Sheffield+Academic+Press+Ltd&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-85075-657-0&rft.aulast=Gnuse&rft.aufirst=Robert+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnoothergodsemerg0000gnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFHaran1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haran, Menahem (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jvFrWwau-1oC&dq=yahwism+polytheism&pg=PA139"><i>מקדש, מקרא ומנורה</i></a> (英文). Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-57506-003-3" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-57506-003-3"><bdi>978-1-57506-003-3</bdi></a>. <q>It is also clear that there were polytheistic Yahwists in ancient Israel who worshiped YHWH along with other deities</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%A9%2C+%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90+%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-003-3&rft.aulast=Haran&rft.aufirst=Menahem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjvFrWwau-1oC%26dq%3Dyahwism%2Bpolytheism%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsHolden2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Collins, Steven; Holden, Joseph M. (2020-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mLaqDwAAQBAJ&dq=yahwism+polytheistic&pg=PA203"><i>The Harvest Handbook of Bible Lands: A Panoramic Survey of the History, Geography, and Culture of the Scriptures</i></a> (英文). Harvest House Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-7369-7542-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-7369-7542-1"><bdi>978-0-7369-7542-1</bdi></a>. <q>At its inception, early Yahwism had animistic and polytheistic elements</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Harvest+Handbook+of+Bible+Lands%3A+A+Panoramic+Survey+of+the+History%2C+Geography%2C+and+Culture+of+the+Scriptures&rft.pub=Harvest+House+Publishers&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft.isbn=978-0-7369-7542-1&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Holden%2C+Joseph+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmLaqDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dyahwism%2Bpolytheistic%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steiner, Richard C. (1997), "Ancient Hebrew", in Hetzron, Robert (ed.), <i>The Semitic Languages</i>, Routledge, pp. 145–173, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-05767-7" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-415-05767-7">978-0-415-05767-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broshi_2001_1742-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Broshi_2001_1742_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBroshi2001" class="citation book cs1">Broshi, Maguen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=etTUEorS1zMC&pg=PAPA174"><i>Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-84127-201-6" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-84127-201-6"><bdi>978-1-84127-201-6</bdi></a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210203455/https://books.google.com/books?id=etTUEorS1zMC&pg=PAPA174">歸檔</a>喺10 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2022搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bread%2C+Wine%2C+Walls+and+Scrolls&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84127-201-6&rft.aulast=Broshi&rft.aufirst=Maguen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DetTUEorS1zMC%26pg%3DPAPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFFaust2012" class="citation book cs1">Faust, Avraham (2012-08-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vjz28"><i>Judah in the Neo-Babylonian Period</i></a>. Society of Biblical Literature. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt5vjz28">10.2307/j.ctt5vjz28</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-58983-641-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-58983-641-9"><bdi>978-1-58983-641-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judah+in+the+Neo-Babylonian+Period&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt5vjz28&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-641-9&rft.aulast=Faust&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt5vjz28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Stökl,_Caroline_Waerzegger2015" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan Stökl, Caroline Waerzegger (2015). <i>Exile and Return: The Babylonian Context</i>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. pp. 7–11, 30, 226.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exile+and+Return%3A+The+Babylonian+Context&rft.pages=7-11%2C+30%2C+226&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Jonathan+St%C3%B6kl%2C+Caroline+Waerzegger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i>.第3卷 (第2版). p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=2nd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFDever2001" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6-VxwC5rQtwC"><i>What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It?</i></a>. Eerdmans. pp. 98–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/3-927120-37-5" title="Special:書本來源/3-927120-37-5"><bdi>3-927120-37-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Did+the+Biblical+Writers+Know%2C+and+When+Did+They+Know+It%3F&rft.pages=98-99&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-927120-37-5&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6-VxwC5rQtwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zachary-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zachary_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2016" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Zachary (2016-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107916639208">"Debating the United Monarchy: Let's See How Far We've Come"</a>. <i>Biblical Theology Bulletin</i>. <b>46</b> (2): 59–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146107916639208">10.1177/0146107916639208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0146-1079">0146-1079</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (無呢版)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147053561">147053561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Theology+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Debating+the+United+Monarchy%3A+Let%27s+See+How+Far+We%27ve+Come&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=59-69&rft.date=2016-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147053561%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0146-1079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0146107916639208&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F0146107916639208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lipschits-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lipschits_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFLipschits2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lipschits, Oded (2014). "The history of Israel in the biblical period". 出自 Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (編). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yErYBAAAQBAJ"><i>The Jewish Study Bible</i></a> (英文) (第2版). Oxford University Press. pp. 2107–2119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-997846-5" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-19-997846-5"><bdi>978-0-19-997846-5</bdi></a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409160917/https://books.google.com/books?id=yErYBAAAQBAJ">歸檔</a>喺9 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2022搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+history+of+Israel+in+the+biblical+period&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Study+Bible&rft.pages=2107-2119&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-997846-5&rft.aulast=Lipschits&rft.aufirst=Oded&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyErYBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFAdams,_Hannah1840" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Hannah (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/894671497"><i>The history of the Jews : from the destruction of Jerusalem to the present time</i></a>. Sold at the London Society House and by Duncan and Malcom, and Wertheim. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/894671497">894671497</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+Jews+%3A+from+the+destruction+of+Jerusalem+to+the+present+time&rft.pub=Sold+at+the+London+Society+House+and+by+Duncan+and+Malcom%2C+and+Wertheim&rft.date=1840&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F894671497&rft.au=Adams%2C+Hannah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F894671497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBrenner2010" class="citation book cs1">Brenner, Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/463855870"><i>A short history of the Jews</i></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-14351-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-691-14351-4"><bdi>978-0-691-14351-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/463855870">463855870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+short+history+of+the+Jews&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F463855870&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14351-4&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F463855870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFOstrer2012" class="citation book cs1">Ostrer, Harry (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/798209542"><i>Legacy : a Genetic History of the Jewish People</i></a>. Oxford University Press USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-1-280-87519-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-1-280-87519-9"><bdi>978-1-280-87519-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (無呢版)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/798209542">798209542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legacy+%3A+a+Genetic+History+of+the+Jewish+People.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+USA&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F798209542&rft.isbn=978-1-280-87519-9&rft.aulast=Ostrer&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F798209542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFKartveit2014" class="citation journal cs1">Kartveit, Magnar (2014-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5508%2Fjhs.2014.v14.r25">"Review of Knoppers, Gary N., Jews and Samaritans: The Origins and History of Their Early Relations (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2013)"</a>. <i>Journal of Hebrew Scriptures</i>. <b>14</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5508%2Fjhs.2014.v14.r25">10.5508/jhs.2014.v14.r25</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1203-1542">1203-1542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hebrew+Scriptures&rft.atitle=Review+of+Knoppers%2C+Gary+N.%2C+Jews+and+Samaritans%3A+The+Origins+and+History+of+Their+Early+Relations+%28Oxford%3A+Oxford+University+Press+2013%29.&rft.volume=14&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5508%2Fjhs.2014.v14.r25&rft.issn=1203-1542&rft.aulast=Kartveit&rft.aufirst=Magnar&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5508%252Fjhs.2014.v14.r25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">由「<a dir="ltr" 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