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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Exile and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_artist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_artist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>As artist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_artist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paintings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paintings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Paintings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paintings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Honours and arms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours_and_arms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honours and arms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ottoman_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ottoman honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Foreign honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Consorts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdülmecid II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abdülmecid II" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="عبد المجيد الثاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عبد المجيد الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%C6%8Fbd%C3%BClm%C9%99cid" title="II Əbdülməcid – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Əbdülməcid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ایکینجی عبدالمجید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی عبدالمجید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="দ্বিতীয় আবদুল মজিদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিতীয় আবদুল মজিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4_II" title="Абдул Меджид II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абдул Меджид II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmed%C5%BEid_II" title="Abdulmedžid II – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abdulmedžid II" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecit_II" title="Abdülmecit II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abdülmecit II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmecid_II." title="Abdulmecid II. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abdulmecid II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II." title="Abdülmecid II. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abdülmecid II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecit_II" title="Abdülmecit II – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abdülmecit II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AF%CF%84_%CE%92%CE%84" title="Αμπντούλ Μετζίτ Β΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπντούλ Μετζίτ Β΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abdülmecid II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmezid_II.a" title="Abdulmezid II.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abdulmezid II.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="عبدالمجید دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عبدالمجید دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abdülmecid II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%95%EB%92%AC%EB%A9%94%EC%A7%80%ED%8A%B8_2%EC%84%B8" title="압뒬메지트 2세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="압뒬메지트 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF" title="अब्दुल मजीद द्वितीय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अब्दुल मजीद द्वितीय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Med%C5%BEid_II." title="Abdul Medžid II. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abdul Medžid II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Mejid_II" title="Abdul Mejid II – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abdul Mejid II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abdülmecid II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אבדילמג'יט השני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבדילמג'יט השני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Mejid_II" title="Abdul Mejid II – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abdul Mejid II" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_II" title="აბდულმეჯიდ II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბდულმეჯიდ II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D3%98%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82" title="II Әбділмәжит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="II Әбділмәжит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmed%C5%BEids_II" title="Abdulmedžids II – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abdulmedžids II" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Abdul-Medzsid_oszm%C3%A1n_kalifa" title="II. Abdul-Medzsid oszmán kalifa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Abdul-Medzsid oszmán kalifa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_II" title="അബ്ദുൽ മജീദ് II – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബ്ദുൽ മജീദ് II" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="عبد المجيد التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عبد المجيد التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="عبدالمجید دوم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عبدالمجید دوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abdülmecid II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecit_II" title="Abdülmecit II – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abdülmecit II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B8%E3%83%882%E4%B8%96" title="アブデュルメジト2世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブデュルメジト2世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmedschid_II." title="Abdülmedschid II. – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Abdülmedschid II." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abdülmecid II" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmajid_II" title="Abdulmajid II – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abdulmajid II" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عبد المجید ثانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عبد المجید ثانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="عبدالمجيد ثاني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عبدالمجيد ثاني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_II" title="Abdülmecid II – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abdülmecid II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Mejide_II" title="Abdul Mejide II – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abdul Mejide II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Medjid_al_II-lea" title="Abdul Medjid al II-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abdul Medjid al II-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4_II" title="Абдул-Меджид II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абдул-Меджид II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdylmexhiti_II" title="Abdylmexhiti II – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Abdylmexhiti II" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmed%C5%BEid_II." title="Abdulmedžid II. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abdulmedžid II." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85" title="عەبدولمەجیدی دووەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عەبدولمەجیدی دووەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%B4_II" title="Абдулмеџид II – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абдулмеџид II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Med%C5%BEid_II" title="Abdul Medžid II – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abdul Medžid II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Mejid_II" title="Abdul Mejid II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abdul Mejid II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_%C3%BCl-Mecid_II" title="Abd ül-Mecid II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abd ül-Mecid II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%97%D0%B8%D1%82" title="II Габделмәҗит – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="II Габделмәҗит" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi" title="Abdülmecid Efendi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abdülmecid Efendi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4_II" title="Абдул-Меджид II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абдул-Меджид II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عبد المجید ثانی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عبد المجید ثانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmecid_II" title="Abdulmecid II – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Abdulmecid II" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92%E9%82%81%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒邁吉德二世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿卜杜勒邁吉德二世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E8%BF%88%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-迈吉德二世 – Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulmejid_II&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ottoman caliph from 1922 to 1924</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a> style name, the <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> is <i> Abdulmejid</i>. There is no family name.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Abdulmejid II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg/220px-Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg/330px-Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg/440px-Portrait_Caliph_Abdulmecid_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait of Caliph Abdulmejid II</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman caliph</a><br />(<i>Halîfe-i Müslimîn</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-tdv1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdv1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">19 November 1922 – 3 March 1924</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" title="Abolition of the Caliphate">Caliphate abolished</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Osmanoğlu family">Head of the Osmanoğlu family</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">16 May 1926 – 23 August 1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Mehmed VI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Nihad">Ahmed Nihad</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">29/30 May 1868<sup id="cite_ref-EB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-birth_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F" title="Beşiktaş">Beşiktaş</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 August 1944<span style="display:none">(1944-08-23)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqi%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baqi'">Al-Baqi'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consorts</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehsuvar_Han%C4%B1m" title="Şehsuvar Hanım">Şehsuvar Hanım</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1896)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Hayrünnisa Hanım<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1902; died 1936)<wbr /></div><sup id="cite_ref-morali_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morali-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Mihrimah Bihruz Hanım</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1912)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mehisti_Han%C4%B1m" title="Mehisti Hanım">Atiye Mehisti Hanım</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1912)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer_Faruk" title="Şehzade Ömer Faruk">Şehzade Ömer Faruk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan" title="Dürrüşehvar Sultan">Dürrüşehvar Sultan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Abdul Mecid bin Abdul Aziz</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hayranidil_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Hayranidil Kadın">Hayranidil Kadın</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abdülmecid II</b> or <b>Abdulmejid II</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">عبد المجید ثانی</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ottoman Turkish-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i <u>s</u>ânî</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">II. Abdülmecid</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 29 May 1868 – 23 August 1944) was the last <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman caliph</a>, the only caliph of the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a>, and head of the <a href="/wiki/Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Osmanoğlu family">Osmanoğlu family</a> from 1926 to 1944. As opposed to previous caliphs, he used the title <i>Halîfe-i Müslimîn</i> (Caliph of the Muslims), instead of <i><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Emîrü'l-Mü'minîn</a></i> (Commander of the Faithful).<sup id="cite_ref-tdv1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdv1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also a relatively famous <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a> and a Turkish <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthete</a>, interested in art and the ways to promote it, mainly <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, in Turkey. After the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" title="Abolition of the Caliphate">abolition of the Ottoman caliphate</a>, he was <a href="/wiki/Sharifian_Caliphate" title="Sharifian Caliphate">succeeded for a few months</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Hussein bin Ali</a>, who was mostly recognized in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>, but that attempt ended as well. </p><p>He died in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1944 and was buried as a caliph in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 May 1868,<sup id="cite_ref-EB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-birth_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birth-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was born at <a href="/wiki/Dolmabah%C3%A7e_Palace" title="Dolmabahçe Palace">Dolmabahçe Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F" title="Beşiktaş">Beşiktaş</a>, Istanbul, to then Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a> and his consort <a href="/wiki/Hayranidil_Kad%C4%B1n" title="Hayranidil Kadın">Hayranidil Kadın</a>. He was the younger full brother of <a href="/wiki/Nazime_Sultan" title="Nazime Sultan">Nazime Sultan</a>. He was educated privately. According to testimonies, he agreed with marriages between cousins within the Ottoman dynasty to reduce tensions within the dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with late Ottoman custom, Abdulmejid was confined to the palace until he was 40. On 4 July 1918, his first cousin <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a> became sultan and Abdulmejid was named crown prince.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interested in literature and founded the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Loti" title="Pierre Loti">Pierre Loti</a> Society in 1920 to promote the works of the author and translate them into Turkish.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a genuine interest in <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> as well, and himself painted a lot, trying to develop <a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">realist art</a> in the Ottoman Empire and in music, for he was a <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a> also.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He played the <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caliphate">Caliphate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When his cousin was deposed on 1 November 1922, the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_sultanate" title="Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate">Ottoman Sultanate was abolished</a>. But on 19 November 1922, Abdülmecid was elected <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish National Assembly">Turkish National Assembly</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He established himself in Istanbul<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 24 November 1922. The choice of Abdulmejid as caliph was not evident for all Muslims, and there was a significant amount of Islamic and political criticism from within and outside the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was indeed a conflict among certain Muslims, for example in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, who opposed the figures of <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Hussein bin Ali</a> and Abdulmejid to succeed <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western colonial powers, such as <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> or the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, were very attentive to these developments.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of those critics was <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Muhammad Rashid Rida</a>, who claimed that he lacked some of the qualities needed to be the caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, even though he was criticized when he assumed the position, it seems that the vast majority of Muslims chose to recognize him.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdulmejid was targeted by <a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalist</a> propaganda which used the fact that he occupied the <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Palace" title="Yıldız Palace">Yıldız Palace</a> in Istanbul, and he was subsequently portrayed as having unjustly claimed it for himself.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also unhappy about the transfer of certain responsibilities from <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>; for instance, he was angry about the relocation of a <a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">military band</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 March 1924, six months after the foundation of the Turkish Republic, the <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" title="Abolition of the Caliphate">Ottoman Caliphate was abolished</a> and the Ottoman dynasty was deposed and expelled from <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile_and_death">Exile and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Exile and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The caliph was nominally the supreme religious and political leader of all Muslims across the world, with the main goal to prevent extremism or protect the religion from corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzcan199745–52_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzcan199745–52-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last session of the budget negotiations on 3 March 1924, Urfa Deputy Sheikh Saffet Efendi and his 53 friends demanded the abolition of the caliphate, arguing it was not necessary any more. This was approved by majority of the votes and a law was established. With the same law, it was decided to expel all members of the Ottoman dynasty. <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, however, offered the caliphate to <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Sharif_as-Senussi" title="Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi">Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi</a>, on the condition that he reside outside Turkey; Senussi declined the offer and confirmed his support for Abdulmejid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115;_Özoğlu_quotes_867.00/1801:_[[Mark_Lambert_Bristol]]_on_19_August_1924_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115;_Özoğlu_quotes_867.00/1801:_[[Mark_Lambert_Bristol]]_on_19_August_1924-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by Hussein bin Ali in the Arab world, with the support of his cousin, Mehmed VI<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:122_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:122-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but that attempt ended fast as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:42_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Abdulmejid and his family were upset about this decision, they did not want the people to revolt, so they secretly went to <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalca" title="Çatalca">Çatalca</a> by car from the Dolmabahçe Palace at 5:00 the next morning. Here, after being hosted by the head of the Rumeli Railways Company for a while, they were put on the <a href="/wiki/Orient_Express" title="Orient Express">Simplon Express</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yucel2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yucel2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he left Turkey, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, contrary to expectations, he was not greeted by a delegation or ceremony but simply as an ordinary traveler.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also in a difficult financial situation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Abdulmejid II arrived in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, he was detained at the border for a while, but was admitted to the country after a delay.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Switzerland, he said multiple times that he was upset about the abolition of the caliphate, and that this would bring chaos to the Islamic world, with the rise of extremism. But after the Turkish government put pressure on the Swiss government, Abdulmejid was never allowed to give such speeches in Switzerland again.<sup id="cite_ref-ayse_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ayse-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After staying in Switzerland for a while, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France in October 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-butundunya_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-butundunya-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdulmejid lived a quiet life in <a href="/wiki/Nice,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice, France">Nice, France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tdv_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdv-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan" title="Dürrüşehvar Sultan">Dürrüşehvar Sultan</a> and his niece <a href="/wiki/Princess_Niloufer" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Niloufer">Nilüfer Hanım Sultan</a> married the sons of the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>, one of the richest people in the world; thanks to this, his financial situation improved. As he did not get the anticipated support from the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a> for the restoration of the caliphate, he started to focus more on worship, painting, and music.<sup id="cite_ref-tdv_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdv-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdulmejid, who later settled in Paris, used to perform Friday prayers at the Grand Mosque of Paris with other Muslims in the region. After the departure of his very fond grandchildren and son, who left France to marry the Kavala princes of Egypt, he spent painful days alone. He wrote a 12-volume book of memoirs, preserved by his daughter Dürrüşehvar Sultan. </p><p>On 23 August 1944, Abdulmejid II died at his house in the 15th Avenue du Maréchal Mounoury, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, due to a heart attack.<sup id="cite_ref-lale_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lale-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His death coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a> from the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">German occupation</a>. Despite the efforts of Dürrüşehvar Sultan, the Turkish government did not permit his funeral to be held in Turkey. Subsequently, his remains were preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Paris" title="Grand Mosque of Paris">Grand Mosque of Paris</a> for ten years. Finally, when the mosque could no longer maintain his body, his body was subsequently moved to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, where he was then buried. His predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a>, was buried in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is explained by the prohibition imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a> and then <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İnönü</a>, who prohibited the former caliph from being buried in Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_artist">As artist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: As artist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abdulmejid was given the title of General in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Army">Ottoman Army</a>, but did not have strong military inclinations. He had a more significant role as Chairman of the Ottoman Artists' Society and was a personal friend of some Western painters, such as <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Zonaro" title="Fausto Zonaro">Fausto Zonaro</a>, who was influential in art in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also connected to the French artist Adolphe Thalasso, who dedicated some works to him.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is considered one of the most important painters of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_art#Later_periods" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman art">late period Ottoman art</a>. His paintings of the <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">Harem</a>, showing a modern musical gathering, and of his wife, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehsuvar_Han%C4%B1m" title="Şehsuvar Hanım">Şehsuvar Hanım</a>, reading <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Goethe%27s_Faust" title="Goethe's Faust"><i>Faust</i></a>, express the influence of western Europe in his elite circle.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were displayed at a 1918 exhibition of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks#Ottoman_painting" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman paintings</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. His personal self-portrait can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Modern" title="Istanbul Modern">Istanbul Modern</a>. </p><p>Abdulmejid was also an avid <a href="/wiki/Insect_collecting" title="Insect collecting">collector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Butterflies" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterflies">butterflies</a>, an activity that he pursued during the last 20 years of his life. His favourite magazine was <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_deux_Mondes" title="Revue des deux Mondes">Revue des deux Mondes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paintings">Paintings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haremde_Goethe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Haremde Goethe, 1898/1917, State Art and Sculpture Museum"><img alt="Haremde Goethe, 1898/1917, State Art and Sculpture Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Haremde_Goethe.JPG/161px-Haremde_Goethe.JPG" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Haremde_Goethe.JPG/242px-Haremde_Goethe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Haremde_Goethe.JPG/322px-Haremde_Goethe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="594" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haremde_Goethe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haremde Goethe (page does not exist)">Haremde Goethe</a></i>, 1898/1917, <a href="/wiki/State_Art_and_Sculpture_Museum" title="State Art and Sculpture Museum">State Art and Sculpture Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haremde_beethoven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haremde Beethoven, 1915, İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum"><img alt="Haremde Beethoven, 1915, İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Haremde_beethoven.jpg/163px-Haremde_beethoven.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Haremde_beethoven.jpg/244px-Haremde_beethoven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Haremde_beethoven.jpg/325px-Haremde_beethoven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haremde_Beethoven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haremde Beethoven (page does not exist)">Haremde Beethoven</a></i>, 1915, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_State_Art_and_Sculpture_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum">İstanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdulmecid-camikapisi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cami Kapısı, 1920, Sakıp Sabancı Museum"><img alt="Cami Kapısı, 1920, Sakıp Sabancı Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Abdulmecid-camikapisi.JPG/75px-Abdulmecid-camikapisi.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Abdulmecid-camikapisi.JPG/113px-Abdulmecid-camikapisi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Abdulmecid-camikapisi.JPG/151px-Abdulmecid-camikapisi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cami_Kap%C4%B1s%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cami Kapısı (page does not exist)">Cami Kapısı</a></i>, 1920, <a href="/wiki/Sak%C4%B1p_Sabanc%C4%B1_Museum" title="Sakıp Sabancı Museum">Sakıp Sabancı Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abd%C3%BClmecit_Efendi%27nin_imzalad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mit_Tarhan_resmi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting of Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan, with the text in Ottoman Turkish saying, "made with the heart"."><img alt="Painting of Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan, with the text in Ottoman Turkish saying, "made with the heart"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Abd%C3%BClmecit_Efendi%27nin_imzalad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mit_Tarhan_resmi.png/89px-Abd%C3%BClmecit_Efendi%27nin_imzalad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mit_Tarhan_resmi.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Abd%C3%BClmecit_Efendi%27nin_imzalad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mit_Tarhan_resmi.png/134px-Abd%C3%BClmecit_Efendi%27nin_imzalad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mit_Tarhan_resmi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Abd%C3%BClmecit_Efendi%27nin_imzalad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mit_Tarhan_resmi.png/179px-Abd%C3%BClmecit_Efendi%27nin_imzalad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mit_Tarhan_resmi.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painting of <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhak_H%C3%A2mid_Tarhan" title="Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan">Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan</a>, with the text in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a> saying, "made with the heart".</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abdülmecid's first wife was <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehsuvar_Han%C4%B1m" title="Şehsuvar Hanım">Şehsuvar Hanım</a>, a Turk<sup id="cite_ref-morali_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morali-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or an <a href="/wiki/Ubykh_people" title="Ubykh people">Ubykh</a>. They married on 23 December 1896. She was the mother of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer_Faruk" title="Şehzade Ömer Faruk">Şehzade Ömer Faruk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019256–257_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019256–257-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019261_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019261-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in Paris in 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019256–257_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019256–257-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Bobigny_cemetery" title="Bobigny cemetery">Bobigny cemetery</a>. His second wife was Mihrimah Hanım. She died at the Nakkaştepe Palace, on 23 May 1899, and was buried in Nuhkuyusu Mosque, Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019258_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019258-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His third wife<sup id="cite_ref-morali_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morali-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was Hayrünissa Hanım,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019259_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019259-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morali_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morali-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was childless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019259_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019259-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His fourth wife was <a href="/wiki/Mehisti_Han%C4%B1m" title="Mehisti Hanım">Mehisti Hanım</a>. She was a <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">Circassian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazian</a>. Her father was Akalsba Hacımaf Bey, and her mother was Safiye Hanım. They married on 16 April 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019258_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019258-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the mother of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan" title="Dürrüşehvar Sultan">Dürrüşehvar Sultan</a> (who married <a href="/wiki/Azam_Jah" title="Azam Jah">Azam Jah</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Mir_Osman_Ali_Khan" title="Mir Osman Ali Khan">Mir Osman Ali Khan</a>), born in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019267_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019267-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1964, and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Brookwood_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookwood cemetery">Brookwood cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durrusehvar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdulmejid II with his daughter Dürrüşehvar and fourth wife Mehisti Hanım"><img alt="Abdulmejid II with his daughter Dürrüşehvar and fourth wife Mehisti Hanım" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Durrusehvar.jpg/87px-Durrusehvar.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Durrusehvar.jpg/130px-Durrusehvar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Durrusehvar.jpg/173px-Durrusehvar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abdulmejid II with his daughter <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan" title="Dürrüşehvar Sultan">Dürrüşehvar</a> and fourth wife <a href="/wiki/Mehisti_Han%C4%B1m" title="Mehisti Hanım">Mehisti Hanım</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noul_calif_-_Abdul_Medjid,_cu_fiica_sa_Prin%C5%A3esa_Durri_Chehv%C3%A2r_Sultana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdulmejid II and Dürrüşehvar"><img alt="Abdulmejid II and Dürrüşehvar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Noul_calif_-_Abdul_Medjid%2C_cu_fiica_sa_Prin%C5%A3esa_Durri_Chehv%C3%A2r_Sultana.jpg/119px-Noul_calif_-_Abdul_Medjid%2C_cu_fiica_sa_Prin%C5%A3esa_Durri_Chehv%C3%A2r_Sultana.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Noul_calif_-_Abdul_Medjid%2C_cu_fiica_sa_Prin%C5%A3esa_Durri_Chehv%C3%A2r_Sultana.jpg/178px-Noul_calif_-_Abdul_Medjid%2C_cu_fiica_sa_Prin%C5%A3esa_Durri_Chehv%C3%A2r_Sultana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Noul_calif_-_Abdul_Medjid%2C_cu_fiica_sa_Prin%C5%A3esa_Durri_Chehv%C3%A2r_Sultana.jpg/238px-Noul_calif_-_Abdul_Medjid%2C_cu_fiica_sa_Prin%C5%A3esa_Durri_Chehv%C3%A2r_Sultana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="566" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abdulmejid II and Dürrüşehvar</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halife_Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi_ve_k%C4%B1z%C4%B1_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdulmejid II and Dürrüşehvar in Promenade des Anglais, Nice, France"><img alt="Abdulmejid II and Dürrüşehvar in Promenade des Anglais, Nice, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Halife_Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi_ve_k%C4%B1z%C4%B1_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan.jpg/200px-Halife_Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi_ve_k%C4%B1z%C4%B1_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Halife_Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi_ve_k%C4%B1z%C4%B1_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan.jpg/300px-Halife_Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi_ve_k%C4%B1z%C4%B1_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Halife_Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi_ve_k%C4%B1z%C4%B1_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan.jpg/400px-Halife_Abd%C3%BClmecid_Efendi_ve_k%C4%B1z%C4%B1_D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abdulmejid II and Dürrüşehvar in <a href="/wiki/Promenade_des_Anglais" title="Promenade des Anglais">Promenade des Anglais</a>, Nice, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caliph_Abdulmecid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Dürrüşehvar Sultan, Princess of Berar; Caliph Abdulmejid II of the Ottoman dynasty, and Nawab Azam Jah, Prince of Berar, 1931"><img alt="Princess Dürrüşehvar Sultan, Princess of Berar; Caliph Abdulmejid II of the Ottoman dynasty, and Nawab Azam Jah, Prince of Berar, 1931" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Caliph_Abdulmecid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/98px-Caliph_Abdulmecid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Caliph_Abdulmecid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/147px-Caliph_Abdulmecid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Caliph_Abdulmecid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/196px-Caliph_Abdulmecid_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Princess <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan" title="Dürrüşehvar Sultan">Dürrüşehvar Sultan</a>, Princess of <a href="/wiki/Berar_Division" title="Berar Division">Berar</a>; Caliph Abdulmejid II of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman dynasty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Azam_Jah" title="Azam Jah">Nawab Azam Jah</a>, Prince of <a href="/wiki/Berar_Division" title="Berar Division">Berar</a>, 1931</div> </li> </ul><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdulmejid II"><img alt="Abdulmejid II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II.jpg/89px-Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II.jpg/134px-Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II.jpg/178px-Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abdulmejid II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_II_in_Topkap%C4%B1_Saray_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Abdulmejid II in Topkapı Palace Museum"><img alt="Portrait of Abdulmejid II in Topkapı Palace Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_II_in_Topkap%C4%B1_Saray_Museum.jpg/97px-Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_II_in_Topkap%C4%B1_Saray_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_II_in_Topkap%C4%B1_Saray_Museum.jpg/146px-Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_II_in_Topkap%C4%B1_Saray_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_II_in_Topkap%C4%B1_Saray_Museum.jpg/194px-Portrait_of_Abd%C3%BClmecid_II_in_Topkap%C4%B1_Saray_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portrait of Abdulmejid II in <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace" title="Topkapı Palace">Topkapı Palace</a> Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AbdulmecidII.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdulmejid II"><img alt="Abdulmejid II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/AbdulmecidII.jpg/86px-AbdulmecidII.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/AbdulmecidII.jpg/129px-AbdulmecidII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/AbdulmecidII.jpg/172px-AbdulmecidII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Abdulmejid II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_chief_Eunuch_of_the_Caliph._Formerly_this_man_was_the_most_dangerous_in_the_Kingdom_and_could_order_the_execution_of_the_unfaithful_or_jealous_wives._To-day_his_job_is_less_important_as_the_wives_LCCN2011649924.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Top: The Chief Eunuch of the Caliph Bottom: The Caliph enters his Royal Barge"><img alt="Top: The Chief Eunuch of the Caliph Bottom: The Caliph enters his Royal Barge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_chief_Eunuch_of_the_Caliph._Formerly_this_man_was_the_most_dangerous_in_the_Kingdom_and_could_order_the_execution_of_the_unfaithful_or_jealous_wives._To-day_his_job_is_less_important_as_the_wives_LCCN2011649924.jpg/94px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_chief_Eunuch_of_the_Caliph._Formerly_this_man_was_the_most_dangerous_in_the_Kingdom_and_could_order_the_execution_of_the_unfaithful_or_jealous_wives._To-day_his_job_is_less_important_as_the_wives_LCCN2011649924.jpg/141px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/The_chief_Eunuch_of_the_Caliph._Formerly_this_man_was_the_most_dangerous_in_the_Kingdom_and_could_order_the_execution_of_the_unfaithful_or_jealous_wives._To-day_his_job_is_less_important_as_the_wives_LCCN2011649924.jpg/188px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="5730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Top:</i> The <a href="/wiki/Kizlar_Agha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kizlar Agha">Chief Eunuch</a> of the Caliph<br /><i>Bottom:</i> The Caliph enters his Royal Barge</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_walking_with_entourage_of_soldiers,_officials_and_a_brass_band_as_women_watch_LCCN2011649919_(cropped).tif" class="mw-file-description" title="The Caliph walking with entourage of soldiers, officials and a brass band as women watch"><img alt="The Caliph walking with entourage of soldiers, officials and a brass band as women watch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_walking_with_entourage_of_soldiers%2C_officials_and_a_brass_band_as_women_watch_LCCN2011649919_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-148px-Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_walking_with_entourage_of_soldiers%2C_officials_and_a_brass_band_as_women_watch_LCCN2011649919_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_walking_with_entourage_of_soldiers%2C_officials_and_a_brass_band_as_women_watch_LCCN2011649919_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-222px-Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_walking_with_entourage_of_soldiers%2C_officials_and_a_brass_band_as_women_watch_LCCN2011649919_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_walking_with_entourage_of_soldiers%2C_officials_and_a_brass_band_as_women_watch_LCCN2011649919_%28cropped%29.tif/lossy-page1-296px-Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_walking_with_entourage_of_soldiers%2C_officials_and_a_brass_band_as_women_watch_LCCN2011649919_%28cropped%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1838" data-file-height="1491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Caliph walking with entourage of soldiers, officials and a brass band as women watch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_dethronment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Caliph being officially informed of his dethronement"><img alt="The Caliph being officially informed of his dethronement" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_dethronment.jpg/180px-Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_dethronment.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_dethronment.jpg/270px-Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_dethronment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_dethronment.jpg/360px-Caliph_Abd%C3%BClmecid_dethronment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Caliph being officially informed of his dethronement</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_arms">Honours and arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Honours and arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_honours">Ottoman honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ottoman honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_House_of_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of House of Osman">Order of House of Osman, Jeweled</a><sup id="cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öztuna1978-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Glory_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Order of Glory (Ottoman Empire)">Order of Glory, Jeweled</a><sup id="cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öztuna1978-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imtiyaz_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Imtiyaz Medal">Imtiyaz Medal, Jeweled</a><sup id="cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öztuna1978-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Osmanieh" title="Order of Osmanieh">Order of Osmanieh, Jeweled</a><sup id="cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öztuna1978-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Medjidie" title="Order of the Medjidie">Order of the Medjidie, Jeweled</a><sup id="cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öztuna1978-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Sanayi_Medal" title="Iftikhar Sanayi Medal">Iftikhar Sanayi Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Öztuna1978-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Imtiyaz War Medal in Gold<sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Outstanding Navy Medal in Gold<sup id="cite_ref-alp_55-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alp-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Foreign honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Austria-Hungary"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></span>: Grand-Cross <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Austria)" title="Order of Leopold (Austria)">Order of Leopold</a>, <i>6 June 1918</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan201959_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan201959-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Persia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg/46px-State_flag_of_Persia_%281907%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Persia</a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Iran)" title="Order of the Crown (Iran)">Order of the Crown, 2nd Class</a>, <i>23 August 1919</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan201983–84_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan201983–84-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arms">Arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Abdulmejid_II,_the_last_Ottoman_Caliph.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of the Caliph"><img alt="Coat of Arms of the Caliph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Abdulmejid_II%2C_the_last_Ottoman_Caliph.svg/119px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Abdulmejid_II%2C_the_last_Ottoman_Caliph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Abdulmejid_II%2C_the_last_Ottoman_Caliph.svg/179px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Abdulmejid_II%2C_the_last_Ottoman_Caliph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Abdulmejid_II%2C_the_last_Ottoman_Caliph.svg/239px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Abdulmejid_II%2C_the_last_Ottoman_Caliph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of Arms of the Caliph</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consorts">Consorts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Consorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abdülmejid II had four consorts:<sup id="cite_ref-adra_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adra-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xvi_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xvi-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019261_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019261-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehsuvar_Han%C4%B1m" title="Şehsuvar Hanım">Şehsuvar Hanım</a> (2 May 1881 – 1945). They married on 22 December 1896 and had a son.</li> <li>Hayrünnisa Hanım (2 March 1876 – 3 September 1936). She was born in <a href="/wiki/Band%C4%B1rma" title="Bandırma">Bandirma</a>, Turkey. They married on 18 June 1902 in Ortakoy Palace. She died in Nice. Hayrünisa was extremely well educated and a cello virtuoso. She was portrayed by her husband while playing.</li> <li>Mihrimah Bihruz Hanım (24 May 1893 – 1955). She was born in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit" title="İzmit">İzmit</a>. They married on 21 March 1912 in Çamlıca Palace. She died in Istanbul.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehisti_Han%C4%B1m" title="Mehisti Hanım">Atiye Mehisti Hanım</a> (27 January 1892 – 1964). She was born in <a href="/wiki/Adapazar%C4%B1" title="Adapazarı">Adapadari</a>. They married on 16 April 1912 in Bağlarbaşı Palace and had a daughter. She died in London.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issue">Issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abdülmejid II had a son and a daughter:<sup id="cite_ref-adra_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adra-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xiv_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xiv-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019267_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019267-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer_Faruk" title="Şehzade Ömer Faruk">Şehzade Ömer Faruk</a> (27 February 1898 - 28 March 1969) - with Şehsuvar Kadın. Married twice with two his cousins and had three daughters by his first marriage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrr%C3%BC%C5%9Fehvar_Sultan" title="Dürrüşehvar Sultan">Hatice Hayriye Ayşe Dürrüşehvar Sultan</a> (26 January 1914 - 7 February 2006) - with Mehisti Kadın. She married an Indian prince and had two sons.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession_to_the_former_Ottoman_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession to the former Ottoman throne">Line of succession to the former Ottoman throne</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tdv1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tdv1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdv1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/abdulmecid-efendi">"Abdülmecid Efendi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TDV_Encyclopedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="TDV Encyclopedia of Islam">TDV Encyclopedia of Islam</a> (44+2 vols.)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairs" title="Presidency of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. 1988–2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abd%C3%BClmecid+Efendi&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam+%2844%2B2+vols.%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1988%2F2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fabdulmecid-efendi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoiberg2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/23">"Abdümecid II"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/23">23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8"><bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abd%C3%BCmecid+II&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=23&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopaedia2009ency%2Fpage%2F23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birth-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birth_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birth_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">There are sources that give the 29th as the day of his birth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morali-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morali_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morali_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morali_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morali_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoralı1978" class="citation book cs1">Moralı, Seniha Sami (1978). <i>Meşrutiyet, Dolmabahçe Sarayı ve Ankara'nın İlk Günlerine Dair</i>. p. 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Me%C5%9Frutiyet%2C+Dolmabah%C3%A7e+Saray%C4%B1+ve+Ankara%27n%C4%B1n+%C4%B0lk+G%C3%BCnlerine+Dair&rft.pages=60&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Moral%C4%B1&rft.aufirst=Seniha+Sami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biyografi.info/kisi/ii-abdulmecid">"II. Abdülmecid kimdir?"</a>. <i>www.biyografi.info</i> (in Turkish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413075049/https://www.biyografi.info/kisi/ii-abdulmecid">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.biyografi.info&rft.atitle=II.+Abd%C3%BClmecid+kimdir%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biyografi.info%2Fkisi%2Fii-abdulmecid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeramet.1964" class="citation book cs1">Keramet., Nigar, Salih (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/984425856"><i>Halife II. Abdülmecid : yurdundan nasıl sürüldü, sonra nerelerde yaşadı, ne zaman ve nerede öldü, ne zaman ve nerede gömüldü</i></a>. İnkılap ve Aka Kitabevleri. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/984425856">984425856</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halife+II.+Abd%C3%BClmecid+%3A+yurdundan+nas%C4%B1l+s%C3%BCr%C3%BCld%C3%BC%2C+sonra+nerelerde+ya%C5%9Fad%C4%B1%2C+ne+zaman+ve+nerede+%C3%B6ld%C3%BC%2C+ne+zaman+ve+nerede+g%C3%B6m%C3%BCld%C3%BC&rft.pub=%C4%B0nk%C4%B1lap+ve+Aka+Kitabevleri&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F984425856&rft.aulast=Keramet.&rft.aufirst=Nigar%2C+Salih&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F984425856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFİnan2014" class="citation journal cs1">İnan, Süleyman (2014). "Political Marriage: The Sons-in-Law of the Ottoman Dynasty in the Late Ottoman State". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>50</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">61–</span>73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2013.849698">10.1080/00263206.2013.849698</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24585595">24585595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Political+Marriage%3A+The+Sons-in-Law+of+the+Ottoman+Dynasty+in+the+Late+Ottoman+State&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2013.849698&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24585595%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=%C4%B0nan&rft.aufirst=S%C3%BCleyman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmas2021" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Almas, Hacer (26 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/litera/article/reading-turcophilia-the-turkish-life-of-pierre-loti-in-aziyade-and-fantome-dorient">"Reading Turcophilia: The Turkish Life of Pierre Loti in Aziyadé and Fantôme d'Orient"</a>. <i>Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies / Litera: Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi</i> (in Turkish). <b>31</b> (2): 591. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26650%2FLITERA2021-860740">10.26650/LITERA2021-860740</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F78178">11693/78178</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2602-2117">2602-2117</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205073217/https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/litera/article/reading-turcophilia-the-turkish-life-of-pierre-loti-in-aziyade-and-fantome-dorient">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Litera%3A+Journal+of+Language%2C+Literature+and+Culture+Studies+%2F+Litera%3A+Dil%2C+Edebiyat+ve+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1+Dergisi&rft.atitle=Reading+Turcophilia%3A+The+Turkish+Life+of+Pierre+Loti+in+Aziyad%C3%A9+and+Fant%C3%B4me+d%27Orient&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=591&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11693%2F78178&rft.issn=2602-2117&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26650%2FLITERA2021-860740&rft.aulast=Almas&rft.aufirst=Hacer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiupress.istanbul.edu.tr%2Fen%2Fjournal%2Flitera%2Farticle%2Freading-turcophilia-the-turkish-life-of-pierre-loti-in-aziyade-and-fantome-dorient&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSOGANCI2010" class="citation book cs1">SOGANCI, ISMAIL OZGUR (12 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240319110725/https://www.perlego.com/fr/book/3308053/an-interdisciplinary-study-of-problematizing-a-curricular-muteness-figurative-representation-in-islam-and-turkish-art-education-pdf"><i>An Interdisciplinary Study of Problematizing A Curricular Muteness: Figurative Representation In Islam And Turkish Art Education</i></a> (1 ed.). LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8383-5682-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8383-5682-2"><bdi>978-3-8383-5682-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perlego.com/fr/book/3308053/an-interdisciplinary-study-of-problematizing-a-curricular-muteness-figurative-representation-in-islam-and-turkish-art-education-pdf">the original</a> on 19 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Interdisciplinary+Study+of+Problematizing+A+Curricular+Muteness%3A+Figurative+Representation+In+Islam+And+Turkish+Art+Education&rft.pages=120&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=LAP+LAMBERT+Academic+Publishing&rft.date=2010-04-12&rft.isbn=978-3-8383-5682-2&rft.aulast=SOGANCI&rft.aufirst=ISMAIL+OZGUR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perlego.com%2Ffr%2Fbook%2F3308053%2Fan-interdisciplinary-study-of-problematizing-a-curricular-muteness-figurative-representation-in-islam-and-turkish-art-education-pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHüttler2014" class="citation book cs1">Hüttler, Michael, ed. (2014). <i>The time of Joseph Haydn: from Sultan Mahmud I to Mahmud II (r. 1730 - 1839)</i>. Ottoman Empire and European theatre / ed. by Michael Hüttler. Wien: Hollitzer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-99012-070-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-99012-070-5"><bdi>978-3-99012-070-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+time+of+Joseph+Haydn%3A+from+Sultan+Mahmud+I+to+Mahmud+II+%28r.+1730+-+1839%29&rft.place=Wien&rft.series=Ottoman+Empire+and+European+theatre+%2F+ed.+by+Michael+H%C3%BCttler&rft.pub=Hollitzer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-99012-070-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKupferschmidt2023" class="citation book cs1">Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (2023). <i>The Diffusion of "Small" Western Technologies in the Middle East: invention, use, and need in the 19th and 20th centuries</i>. Studies of Modern Orient (1st ed.). Boston: De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-077719-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-077719-2"><bdi>978-3-11-077719-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diffusion+of+%22Small%22+Western+Technologies+in+the+Middle+East%3A+invention%2C+use%2C+and+need+in+the+19th+and+20th+centuries&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=Studies+of+Modern+Orient&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-3-11-077719-2&rft.aulast=Kupferschmidt&rft.aufirst=Uri+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, Vol. 7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 3; <i>Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire...</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ea-bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA966"><i>Britannica Concise Encyclopedia</i></a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2008. p. 966. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593394929" title="Special:BookSources/9781593394929"><bdi>9781593394929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britannica+Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=966&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781593394929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dea-bAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi̇VaoğLu_Mengüç2018" class="citation journal cs1">Li̇VaoğLu Mengüç, Hilal (20 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historystudies.net/dergi//ottoman-caliphate-in-the-egyptian-press-examples-from-al-ahr-257m-al-muqa-7789-7789am-and-al-man-257r20181283b765d.pdf">"Ottoman Caliphate in the Egyptian Press: Examples from Al-Ahram, Al-Muqa??am and Al-Manar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>History Studies: International Journal of History</i>. <b>10</b> (9): 186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.9737%2Fhist.2018.681">10.9737/hist.2018.681</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1309-4688">1309-4688</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205135445/https://www.historystudies.net/dergi/ottoman-caliphate-in-the-egyptian-press-examples-from-al-ahr-257m-al-muqa-7789-7789am-and-al-man-257r20181283b765d.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Studies%3A+International+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Ottoman+Caliphate+in+the+Egyptian+Press%3A+Examples+from+Al-Ahram%2C+Al-Muqa%3F%3Fam+and+Al-Manar&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=186&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.9737%2Fhist.2018.681&rft.issn=1309-4688&rft.aulast=Li%CC%87Vao%C4%9FLu+Meng%C3%BC%C3%A7&rft.aufirst=Hilal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historystudies.net%2Fdergi%2F%2Fottoman-caliphate-in-the-egyptian-press-examples-from-al-ahr-257m-al-muqa-7789-7789am-and-al-man-257r20181283b765d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQureshi1999" class="citation cs2">Qureshi, M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+%26+Politics&rft.atitle=Orienting+a+Nation%3A+The+Turkish+National+Anthem+Controversies&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2023-09-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3998%2Fmp.4573&rft.issn=1938-7687&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Audrey+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.publishing.umich.edu%2Fmp%2Farticle%2Fid%2F4573%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkel2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Finkel" title="Caroline Finkel">Finkel, Caroline</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9cTHyUQoTyUC&pg=PA546"><i>Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. p. 546. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465008506" title="Special:BookSources/9780465008506"><bdi>9780465008506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osman%27s+Dream%3A+The+History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=546&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780465008506&rft.aulast=Finkel&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9cTHyUQoTyUC%26pg%3DPA546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖzoğlu2011">Özoğlu 2011</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzcan199745–52-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzcan199745–52_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖzcan1997">Özcan 1997</a>, pp. 45–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115;_Özoğlu_quotes_867.00/1801:_[[Mark_Lambert_Bristol]]_on_19_August_1924-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzoğlu20115;_Özoğlu_quotes_867.00/1801:_[[Mark_Lambert_Bristol]]_on_19_August_1924_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖzoğlu2011">Özoğlu 2011</a>, p. 5; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86&rft.atitle=%22%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%22..+%D9%88%D9%82%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D8%BA%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%80%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%91%D9%80%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86&rft.aufirst=%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9&rft.au=webmaster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-watan.com%2Farticle%2F230610%2FNEWS%2F%25C2%25AB%25D9%2585%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25C2%25BB-%25D9%2588%25D9%2582%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25B5%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2580%25D8%25BA%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2580%25D8%25B3%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D9%2584%25D9%2591%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:122-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:122_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Central File: Decimal File 867.9111, Internal Affairs Of States, Public Press., Newspapers., Turkey, Clippings And Items., March 22, 1924 - March 12, 1925". <i>Turkey: Records of the U.S. Department of State, 1802-1949</i>. 22 March 1924. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Gale_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale (identifier)">Gale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CC5111548903">C5111548903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Turkey%3A+Records+of+the+U.S.+Department+of+State%2C+1802-1949&rft.atitle=Central+File%3A+Decimal+File+867.9111%2C+Internal+Affairs+Of+States%2C+Public+Press.%2C+Newspapers.%2C+Turkey%2C+Clippings+And+Items.%2C+March+22%2C+1924+-+March+12%2C+1925&rft.date=1924-03-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:42_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bar, Shmuel (January 2016). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/38112051">the original</a> on 4 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%B0dris+Y%C3%BCcel%2C+Frans%C4%B1z+Belgelerinde+Son+Halife+Abd%C3%BClmecid+ve+T%C3%BCrkiye%27de+Hilafetin+Kald%C4%B1r%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1%2C+Atat%C3%BCrk+Yolu+Dergisi%2C+Say%C4%B1+61%2C+G%C3%BCz+2017&rft.aulast=Y%C3%BCcel&rft.aufirst=%C4%B0dris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38112051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGammal2017" class="citation journal cs1">Gammal, Blanche El (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44955865">"D'une Guerre À L'autre: L'orient-Express, Témoin, Victime, Enjeu Et Instrument Des Conflits Européens (1883-1945)"</a>. <i>Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains</i> (265): 147. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0984-2292">0984-2292</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44955865">44955865</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guerres+Mondiales+et+Conflits+Contemporains&rft.atitle=D%27une+Guerre+%C3%80+L%27autre%3A+L%27orient-Express%2C+T%C3%A9moin%2C+Victime%2C+Enjeu+Et+Instrument+Des+Conflits+Europ%C3%A9ens+%281883-1945%29&rft.issue=265&rft.pages=147&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44955865%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0984-2292&rft.aulast=Gammal&rft.aufirst=Blanche+El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44955865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhạmShilliam2016" class="citation book cs1">Phạm, Quỳnh N.; Shilliam, Robbie, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ay%C5%9Fe+H%C3%BCr%2C+Evvel+Zaman+%C4%B0%C3%A7inde+Halifelik+Vard%C4%B1%2C+Taraf+gazetesi%2C+07.03.2010&rft.date=2010-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haksozhaber.net%2Fevvel-zaman-icinde-halifelik-vardi-15148yy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-butundunya-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-butundunya_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195452/http://www.butundunya.com/pdfs/2011/02/077-084.pdf">"Cengiz Özakıncı, Haremde Beethoven, Sarayda Goethe: Son Halife Abdülmecid Efendi, <i>Bütün Dünya dergisi, Şubat 2011</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamansiklopedisi.info/dia/pdf/c01/c010313.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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İstanbul Üniversitsi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü doktora tezi, İstanbul 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444/ekos/TEZ/60731.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Üsküdar Belediyesi. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-759-76062-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-759-76062-5"><bdi>978-9-759-76062-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1llar+boyunca+%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar+%E2%80%93+Volume+1&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar+Belediyesi&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-9-759-76062-5&rft.aulast=Haskan&rft.aufirst=Mehmet+Nermi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019259-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019259_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019259_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUçan2019">Uçan 2019</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardakçı2017" class="citation book cs1">Bardakçı, Murat (2017). <i>Neslishah: The Last Ottoman Princess</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-774-16837-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-774-16837-6"><bdi>978-9-774-16837-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neslishah%3A+The+Last+Ottoman+Princess&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-9-774-16837-6&rft.aulast=Bardak%C3%A7%C4%B1&rft.aufirst=Murat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan2019267-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019267_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan2019267_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUçan2019">Uçan 2019</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakaoğlu2008" class="citation book cs1">Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). <i>Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları: Vâlide Sultanlar, Hâtunlar, Hasekiler, Kandınefendiler, Sultanefendiler</i>. Oğlak Yayıncılık. p. 713. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6-051-71079-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-6-051-71079-2"><bdi>978-6-051-71079-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu+M%C3%BClk%C3%BCn+Kad%C4%B1n+Sultanlar%C4%B1%3A+V%C3%A2lide+Sultanlar%2C+H%C3%A2tunlar%2C+Hasekiler%2C+Kand%C4%B1nefendiler%2C+Sultanefendiler&rft.pages=713&rft.pub=O%C4%9Flak+Yay%C4%B1nc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-6-051-71079-2&rft.aulast=Sakao%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Necdet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Öztuna1978-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Öztuna1978_54-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYılmaz_Öztuna1978" class="citation book cs1">Yılmaz Öztuna (1978). <i>Başlangıcından zamanımıza kadar büyük Türkiye tarihi: Türkiye'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi</i>. Ötüken Yayınevi. p. 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ba%C5%9Flang%C4%B1c%C4%B1ndan+zaman%C4%B1m%C4%B1za+kadar+b%C3%BCy%C3%BCk+T%C3%BCrkiye+tarihi%3A+T%C3%BCrkiye%27nin+siyas%C3%AE%2C+meden%C3%AE%2C+k%C3%BClt%C3%BCr%2C+te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t+ve+san%27at+tarihi&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=%C3%96t%C3%BCken+Yay%C4%B1nevi&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Y%C4%B1lmaz+%C3%96ztuna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alp-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alp_55-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlp2018" class="citation book cs1">Alp, Ruhat (2018). <i>Osmanlı Devleti'nde Veliahtlık Kurumu (1908–1922)</i>. p. 324.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osmanl%C4%B1+Devleti%27nde+Veliahtl%C4%B1k+Kurumu+%281908%E2%80%931922%29&rft.pages=324&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Alp&rft.aufirst=Ruhat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan201959-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan201959_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUçan2019">Uçan 2019</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUçan201983–84-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUçan201983–84_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUçan2019">Uçan 2019</a>, p. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adra-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adra_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adra_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdra2005" class="citation book cs1">Adra, Jamil (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GenealogyOfTheImperialOttomanFamily2005"><i>Genealogy of the Imperial Ottoman Family 2005</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GenealogyOfTheImperialOttomanFamily2005/page/n43">37–38</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genealogy+of+the+Imperial+Ottoman+Family+2005&rft.pages=37-38&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Adra&rft.aufirst=Jamil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGenealogyOfTheImperialOttomanFamily2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xvi-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xvi_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBardakçı2017">Bardakçı 2017</a>, p. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xiv-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBardakçı2017xiv_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBardakçı2017">Bardakçı 2017</a>, p. xiv.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzcan1997" class="citation book cs1">Özcan, Azmi (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s04pus5jBNwC&pg=PA49"><i>Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain, 1877–1924</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10632-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10632-4"><bdi>90-04-10632-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pan-Islamism%3A+Indian+Muslims%2C+the+Ottomans+and+Britain%2C+1877%E2%80%931924&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-04-10632-4&rft.aulast=%C3%96zcan&rft.aufirst=Azmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds04pus5jBNwC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzoğlu2011" class="citation book cs1">Özoğlu, Hakan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cAhcJj-ij28C&pg=PA6"><i>From Caliphate to Secular State: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313379567" title="Special:BookSources/9780313379567"><bdi>9780313379567</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Caliphate+to+Secular+State%3A+Power+Struggle+in+the+Early+Turkish+Republic&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780313379567&rft.aulast=%C3%96zo%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Hakan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcAhcJj-ij28C%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUçan2019" class="citation thesis cs1">Uçan, Lâle (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444/ekos/TEZ/60731.pdf"><i>Son Halife Abdülmecid Efendi'nin Hayatı – Şehzâlik, Veliahtlık ve Halifelik Yılları</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD Thesis). Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Son+Halife+Abd%C3%BClmecid+Efendi%27nin+Hayat%C4%B1+%E2%80%93+%C5%9Eehz%C3%A2lik%2C+Veliahtl%C4%B1k+ve+Halifelik+Y%C4%B1llar%C4%B1&rft.inst=Istanbul+University+Institute+of+Social+Sciences&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=U%C3%A7an&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A2le&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnek.istanbul.edu.tr%3A4444%2Fekos%2FTEZ%2F60731.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbd%C3%BClmecid+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClmecid_II&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Abdülmecid II</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abd%C3%BCl_Mecid_II" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Abdül Mecid II">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Abdul_Mejid_II" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Abdul Mejid II">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203768" class="extiw" title="d:Q203768">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/000036">Newspaper clippings about Abdülmecid II</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Abdülmecid II </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Dynasty">House of Osman</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 29 May 1868</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 23 August 1944</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Last <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caliphs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Caliphs">Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate</a> </b><br />19 November 1922 – 3 March 1924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" title="Abolition of the Caliphate">Abolition of the Caliphate</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Sharifian_Caliphate" title="Sharifian Caliphate">Briefly claimed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca">Hussein bin Ali</a>)</small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Osmanoğlu family">Head of the Osmanoğlu family</a> </b><br />16 May 1926 – 23 August 1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Nihad">Ahmed Nihad</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Umayyad_dynasty369" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Umayyads" title="Template:Umayyads"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Umayyads" title="Template talk:Umayyads"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Umayyads" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Umayyads"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Umayyad_dynasty369" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyad dynasty</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty#Family_tree_of_Umayyad_rulers" title="Umayyad dynasty">Family tree</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Umayyad_caliphs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Umayyad caliphs">Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Caliphs of Damascus</a><br />(661–750)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_II" title="Mu'awiya II">Mu'awiya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_I" title="Marwan I">Marwan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_I" title="Al-Walid I">Al-Walid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik">Sulayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz" title="Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz">Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_II" title="Yazid II">Yazid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_II" title="Al-Walid II">Al-Walid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_III" title="Yazid III">Yazid III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Walid">Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96.svg/110px-%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96.svg/165px-%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96.svg/220px-%E5%80%AD%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E7%89%88%E5%9C%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Emirs of Córdoba</a><br />(756–929)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_I" title="Abd al-Rahman I">Abd al-Rahman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_I_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Hisham I of Córdoba">Hisham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakam_I" title="Al-Hakam I">Al-Hakam I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_II" title="Abd ar-Rahman II">Abd ar-Rahman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Muhammad I of Córdoba">Muhammad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mundhir_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Al-Mundhir of Córdoba">al-Mundhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Abdullah of Córdoba">Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III" title="Abd al-Rahman III">Abd al-Rahman III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphs of Córdoba</a><br />(929–1031)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III" title="Abd al-Rahman III">Abd al-Rahman III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakam_II" title="Al-Hakam II">Al-Hakam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_II" title="Hisham II">Hisham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Muhammad II of Córdoba">Muhammad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_al-Hakam" title="Sulayman ibn al-Hakam">Sulayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_II" title="Hisham II">Hisham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_al-Hakam" title="Sulayman ibn al-Hakam">Sulayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayti" title="Al-Mu'ayti">Abd Allah al-Mu'ayti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_IV" title="Abd al-Rahman IV">Abd al-Rahman IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Hammud_al-Nasir" title="Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir">Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir</a></i><sup>[H]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun">Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud</a></i><sup>[H]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Ali_ibn_Hammud_al-Mu%27tali" title="Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali">Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali</a></i><sup>[H]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun">Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud</a></i><sup>[H]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_V" title="Abd al-Rahman V">Abd al-Rahman V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Muhammad III of Córdoba">Muhammad III</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Ali_ibn_Hammud_al-Mu%27tali" title="Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud al-Mu'tali">Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali</a></i><sup>[H]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_III_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Hisham III of Córdoba">Hisham III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>[H]</sup> indicates <a href="/wiki/Hammudid_dynasty" title="Hammudid dynasty">Hammudid</a> usurpers</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Abbasid_Caliphs211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Abbasid_caliphs" title="Template:Abbasid caliphs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abbasid_caliphs" title="Template talk:Abbasid caliphs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abbasid_caliphs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abbasid caliphs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abbasid_Caliphs211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Abbasid_caliphs" title="List of Abbasid caliphs">Abbasid Caliphs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliphs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a><br />(749–1258)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saffah" title="Al-Saffah">al-Saffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi">al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">al-Amin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Mahdi" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi">Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi</a></i><sup>[B]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">al-Ma'mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tasim" title="Al-Mu'tasim">al-Mu'tasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq" title="Al-Wathiq">al-Wathiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntasir" title="Al-Muntasir">al-Muntasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in" title="Al-Musta'in">al-Musta'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tazz" title="Al-Mu'tazz">al-Mu'tazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadi" title="Al-Muhtadi">al-Muhtadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">al-Mu'tamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid" title="Al-Mu'tadid">al-Mu'tadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muktafi" title="Al-Muktafi">al-Muktafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir" title="Al-Muqtadir">al-Muqtadir</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Mu%27tazz" title="Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz">Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz</a></i><sup>[B]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qahir" title="Al-Qahir">al-Qahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Radi" title="Al-Radi">al-Radi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muttaqi" title="Al-Muttaqi">al-Muttaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi" title="Al-Mustakfi">al-Mustakfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muti%27" title="Al-Muti'">al-Muti'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ta%27i%27" title="Al-Ta'i'">al-Ta'i'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadir" title="Al-Qadir">al-Qadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Baghdad)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad)">al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadi" title="Al-Muqtadi">al-Muqtadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustazhir" title="Al-Mustazhir">al-Mustazhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustarshid" title="Al-Mustarshid">al-Mustarshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rashid_Billah" title="Al-Rashid Billah">al-Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtafi" title="Al-Muqtafi">al-Muqtafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid" title="Al-Mustanjid">al-Mustanjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadi" title="Al-Mustadi">al-Mustadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir" title="Al-Nasir">al-Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah">al-Zahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_I" title="Al-Mustansir I">al-Mustansir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">al-Musta'sim</a></li> <li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad" title="Siege of Baghdad">Mongol conquest</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliphs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a><br />(1261–1517)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_II" title="Al-Mustansir II">al-Mustansir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_I" title="Al-Hakim I">al-Hakim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi_I_(Cairo)" title="Al-Mustakfi I (Cairo)">al-Mustakfi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq_I" title="Al-Wathiq I">al-Wathiq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_II" title="Al-Hakim II">al-Hakim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid_I" title="Al-Mu'tadid I">al-Mu'tadid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim_(Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'sim (Cairo)">al-Musta'sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathiq_II" title="Al-Wathiq II">al-Wathiq II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim_(Cairo)" title="Al-Musta'sim (Cairo)">al-Musta'sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_I" title="Al-Mutawakkil I">al-Mutawakkil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Musta'in (Cairo)">al-Musta'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid_II" title="Al-Mu'tadid II">al-Mu'tadid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustakfi_II" title="Al-Mustakfi II">al-Mustakfi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Cairo)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Cairo)">al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustanjid_(Cairo)" title="Al-Mustanjid (Cairo)">al-Mustanjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_II" title="Al-Mutawakkil II">al-Mutawakkil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustamsik" title="Al-Mustamsik">al-Mustamsik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_III" title="Al-Mutawakkil III">al-Mutawakkil III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustamsik" title="Al-Mustamsik">al-Mustamsik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_III" title="Al-Mutawakkil III">al-Mutawakkil III</a></li> <li><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Mamluk_War_(1516%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)">Ottoman conquest</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[B]</sup> indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fatimid_Caliphs43" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fatimid_caliphs" title="Template:Fatimid caliphs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fatimid_caliphs" title="Template talk:Fatimid caliphs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fatimid_caliphs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fatimid caliphs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fatimid_Caliphs43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fatimid_caliphs" title="List of Fatimid caliphs">Fatimid Caliphs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah" title="Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah">al-Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_Billah" title="Al-Mansur Billah">al-Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">al-Mu'izz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">al-Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">al-Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-I%27zaz_Din_Allah" title="Al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah">al-Zahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">al-Mustansir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">al-Musta'li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkam_Allah" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah">al-Amir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zafir" title="Al-Zafir">al-Zafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fa%27iz_bi-Nasr_Allah" title="Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah">al-Fa'iz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adid" title="Al-Adid">al-Adid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ottoman_sultans_/_caliphs675" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ottoman_sultans_/_caliphs675" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">sultans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">caliphs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree" title="Ottoman family tree">Family tree (detailed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_family_tree_(simplified)" title="Ottoman family tree (simplified)">Family tree (simplified)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty#Succession_practices" title="Ottoman dynasty">Line of succession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Interregnum</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Süleyman Çelebi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa Çelebi</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%87elebi" title="Mustafa Çelebi">Mustafa Çelebi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cem_Sultan" title="Cem Sultan">Cem Sultan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire">Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV" title="Mehmed IV">Mehmed IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire">Suleiman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_II" title="Ahmed II">Ahmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I">Mahmud I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_III" title="Mustafa III">Mustafa III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_I" title="Abdul Hamid I">Abdul Hamid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_III" title="Selim III">Selim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_IV" title="Mustafa IV">Mustafa IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid I">Abdulmejid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_V" title="Murad V">Murad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a><sup>§§</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> First Ottoman caliph • <sup>§§</sup> Caliph only <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Category</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Related templates: <a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_the_Osmano%C4%9Flu_family" title="Template:Heads of the Osmanoğlu family">Heads of the Osmanoğlu family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mothers_of_the_Ottoman_Sultans" title="Template:Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans">Valide sultans</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_the_House_of_Osman_(Osmanoğlu_family)_(since_1922)146" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a> (1922–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a> (1926–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nihad" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nihad">Ahmed Nihad</a> (1944–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Osman_Fuad" title="Şehzade Osman Fuad">Osman Fuad</a> (1954–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abdulaziz" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abdulaziz">Mehmed Abdulaziz</a> (1973–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ali_Vasib" title="Şehzade Ali Vasib">Ali Vasib</a> (1977–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Orhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed Orhan">Mehmed Orhan</a> (1983–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ertuğrul Osman">Ertuğrul Osman</a> (1994–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_Osman" title="Bayezid Osman">Bayezid Osman</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCndar_Ali_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Dündar Ali Osman">Dündar Ali Osman</a> (2017–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harun Osman">Harun Osman</a> (2021–present)</li> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_dynasty" title="Ottoman dynasty">Ottoman dynasty</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="17px_Ottoman_princes339" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottoman_princes" title="Template:Ottoman princes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ottoman_princes" title="Template talk:Ottoman princes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman_princes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman princes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="17px_Ottoman_princes339" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/17px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/26px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/34px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span> Ottoman princes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaeddin_Pasha" title="Alaeddin Pasha">Alaeddin Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="23" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Pasha_(son_of_Orhan)" title="Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan)">Süleyman Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_Bey_(son_of_Orhan)" title="Halil Bey (son of Orhan)">Şehzade Halil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savc%C4%B1_Bey" title="Savcı Bey">Savcı Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakub_%C3%87elebi" title="Yakub Çelebi">Yakub Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_%C3%87elebi" title="Süleyman Çelebi">Süleyman Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa_%C3%87elebi" title="İsa Çelebi">İsa Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_%C3%87elebi" title="Musa Çelebi">Musa Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%87elebi" title="Mustafa Çelebi">Mustafa Çelebi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Mustafa" title="Küçük Mustafa">Küçük Mustafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_%C3%87elebi" title="Orhan Çelebi">Orhan Çelebi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cem_Sultan" title="Cem Sultan">Cem Sultan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Şehzade Ahmet">Şehzade Ahmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Korkut" title="Şehzade Korkut">Şehzade Korkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Abdullah_(son_of_Bayezid_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Abdullah (son of Bayezid II) (page does not exist)">Şehzade Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_(son_of_Bayezid_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Mahmud (son of Bayezid II) (page does not exist)">Şehzade Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Murad_(son_of_Cem_Sultan)" title="Şehzade Murad (son of Cem Sultan)">Şehzade Murad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Murad" class="mw-redirect" title="Şehzade Murad">Şehzade Murad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cveys_Pasha" title="Üveys Pasha">Üveys Pasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mustafa" title="Şehzade Mustafa">Şehzade Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed" title="Şehzade Mehmed">Şehzade Mehmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Abdullah" title="Şehzade Abdullah">Şehzade Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Bayezid" title="Şehzade Bayezid">Şehzade Bayezid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Cihangir" title="Şehzade Cihangir">Şehzade Cihangir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_III" title="Murad III">Murad III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Yahya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Yahya">Sultan Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_(son_of_Mehmed_III)" title="Şehzade Mahmud (son of Mehmed III)">Şehzade Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_I" title="Ahmed I">Ahmed I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_I" title="Mustafa I">Mustafa I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_(son_of_Ahmed_I)" title="Şehzade Mehmed (son of Ahmed I)">Şehzade Mehmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Bayezid_(son_of_Ahmed_I)" title="Şehzade Bayezid (son of Ahmed I)">Şehzade Bayezid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_S%C3%BCleyman" title="Şehzade Süleyman">Şehzade Süleyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Kas%C4%B1m" title="Şehzade Kasım">Şehzade Kasım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire">Ibrahim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer" title="Şehzade Ömer">Şehzade Ömer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV" title="Mehmed IV">Mehmed IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire">Suleiman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_II" title="Ahmed II">Ahmed II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_II" title="Mustafa II">Mustafa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_III" title="Ahmed III">Ahmed III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Ibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Ibrahim (page does not exist)">Şehzade Ibrahim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I" title="Mahmud I">Mahmud I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_III" title="Osman III">Osman III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Hasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Hasan (page does not exist)">Şehzade Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_S%C3%BCleyman" title="Şehzade Süleyman">Şehzade Süleyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_III" title="Mustafa III">Mustafa III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_I" title="Abdul Hamid I">Abdul Hamid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_(son_of_Ahmed_III)" title="Şehzade Mehmed (son of Ahmed III)">Şehzade Mehmed (son of Ahmed III)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Beyazid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Beyazid (page does not exist)">Şehzade Beyazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Numan" class="mw-redirect" title="Şehzade Numan">Şehzade Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Mahmud (page does not exist)">Şehzade Mahmud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selim_III" title="Selim III">Selim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_IV" title="Mustafa IV">Mustafa IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Abdullah_Selim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Abdullah Selim (page does not exist)">Şehzade Abdullah Selim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid I">Abdulmejid I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz" title="Abdulaziz">Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Efendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Efendi (page does not exist)">Mustafa Efendi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_V" title="Murad V">Murad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_V" title="Mehmed V">Mehmed V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Kemaleddin" title="Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin">Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Burhaneddin_(son_of_Abdulmejid_I)" title="Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdulmejid I)">Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nureddin_(son_of_Abdulmejid_I)" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdulmejid I)">Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Yusuf_Izzeddin" title="Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin">Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Selim_S%C3%BCleyman" title="Şehzade Selim Süleyman">Şehzade Selim Süleyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_VI" title="Mehmed VI">Mehmed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_Celaleddin" title="Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin">Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmejid_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdulmejid II">Abdulmejid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_%C5%9Eevket" title="Şehzade Mehmed Şevket">Şehzade Mehmed Şevket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Seyfeddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin">Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Selaheddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin">Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Selim" title="Şehzade Mehmed Selim">Şehzade Mehmed Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Ziyaeddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin">Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ibrahim_Tevfik" title="Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik">Şehzade Ibrahim Tevfik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abd%C3%BClkadir" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir">Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_Necmeddin" title="Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin">Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nuri" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nuri">Şehzade Ahmed Nuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Burhaneddin_(son_of_Abdul_Hamid_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin (son of Abdul Hamid II)">Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer_Hilmi" title="Şehzade Ömer Hilmi">Şehzade Ömer Hilmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Cemaleddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin">Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Abdurrahim_Hayri" title="Şehzade Abdurrahim Hayri">Şehzade Abdurrahim Hayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abd%C3%BClhalim" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abdülhalim">Şehzade Mehmed Abdülhalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_%C3%96mer_Faruk" title="Şehzade Ömer Faruk">Şehzade Ömer Faruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nureddin_(son_of_Abdul_Hamid_II)" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin (son of Abdul Hamid II)">Şehzade Ahmed Nureddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Abdulaziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed Abdulaziz">Mehmed Abdulaziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_%C5%9Eevket" title="Şehzade Mahmud Şevket">Şehzade Mahmud Şevket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_%C5%9Eerafeddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Şerafeddin">Şehzade Mehmed Şerafeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Tevhid" title="Şehzade Ahmed Tevhid">Şehzade Ahmed Tevhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abid" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abid">Şehzade Mehmed Abid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Nizameddin" title="Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin">Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul">Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">22nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ahmed_Nihad" title="Şehzade Ahmed Nihad">Şehzade Ahmed Nihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Osman_Fuad" title="Şehzade Osman Fuad">Şehzade Osman Fuad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed_Abd%C3%BClkerim" title="Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkerim">Şehzade Mehmed Abdülkerim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Orhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed Orhan">Mehmed Orhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertu%C4%9Frul_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ertuğrul Osman">Ertuğrul Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Mahmud_Nam%C4%B1k" title="Şehzade Mahmud Namık">Şehzade Mahmud Namık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_Osman" title="Bayezid Osman">Bayezid Osman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">23rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade_Ali_Vasib" title="Şehzade Ali Vasib">Şehzade Ali Vasib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCndar_Ali_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Dündar Ali Osman">Dündar Ali Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Osman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harun Osman">Harun Osman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203768#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1341" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203768#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203768#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000004879519X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32832963">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1655853/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjmTt89cYpybMqGpwVQv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120660229">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2006102408">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-z5hq5","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.126","walltime":"1.410","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8564,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":258758,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":37202,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":283315,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1222.338 1 -total"," 29.37% 359.017 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.30% 223.695 2 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