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id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ana men眉</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana men眉</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar 莽ubu臒una ta艧谋</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfay谋 ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakk谋m谋zda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakk谋m谋zda</span></a></li><li id="n-陌莽indekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>陌莽indekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" 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accesskey="r"><span>Son de臒i艧iklikler</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Y%C3%BCkle"><span>Dosya y眉kle</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Topluluk_portali" title="Proje hakk谋nda, neler yapabilirsiniz, ne nerededir"><span>Topluluk portali</span></a></li><li id="n-shop-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org"><span>Wikimedia d眉kk芒n谋</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yard谋m almak i莽in"><span>Yard谋m</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tr.svg" style="width: 6.6875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="脰zg眉r Ansiklopedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tr.svg" width="104" height="13" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Ara" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipedi i莽inde ara [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ara</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi 眉zerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi 眉zerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi i莽inde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="脰zel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ki艧isel ara莽lar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="G枚r眉n眉m"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfan谋n yaz谋 tipi boyutunun, geni艧li臒inin ve renginin g枚r眉n眉m眉n眉 de臒i艧tirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="G枚r眉n眉m" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">G枚r眉n眉m</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Ba臒谋艧 yap谋n</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Osmanl%C4%B1+h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Bir hesap olu艧turup oturum a莽man谋z tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu de臒ildir" class=""><span>Hesap olu艧tur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Osmanl%C4%B1+h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Oturum a莽man谋z tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu de臒ildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum a莽</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla se莽enek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ki艧isel ara莽lar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ki艧isel ara莽lar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Kullan谋c谋 men眉s眉" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr"><span>Ba臒谋艧 yap谋n</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Osmanl%C4%B1+h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Bir hesap olu艧turup oturum a莽man谋z tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu de臒ildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap olu艧tur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Osmanl%C4%B1+h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Oturum a莽man谋z tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu de臒ildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum a莽</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 脟谋k谋艧 yapm谋艧 edit枚rler i莽in sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="De臒i艧iklik yapma hakk谋nda daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yap谋lm谋艧 de臒i艧iklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katk谋lar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki d眉zenlemeler hakk谋nda tart谋艧ma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="陌莽indekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">陌莽indekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar 莽ubu臒una ta艧谋</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giri艧</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-陌lk_Osmanl谋_h眉k没met_sistemi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陌lk_Osmanl谋_h眉k没met_sistemi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>陌lk Osmanl谋 h眉k没met sistemi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陌lk_Osmanl谋_h眉k没met_sistemi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-II._Mahmut_ve_Abd眉lmecit_d枚neminde_yap谋lan_h眉k没met_reformlar谋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#II._Mahmut_ve_Abd眉lmecit_d枚neminde_yap谋lan_h眉k没met_reformlar谋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>II. Mahmut ve Abd眉lmecit d枚neminde yap谋lan h眉k没met reformlar谋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-II._Mahmut_ve_Abd眉lmecit_d枚neminde_yap谋lan_h眉k没met_reformlar谋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naz谋rl谋klar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naz谋rl谋klar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naz谋rl谋klar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naz谋rl谋klar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynak莽a" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynak莽a"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynak莽a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynak莽a-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="陌莽indekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="陌莽indekiler tablosunu de臒i艧tir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">陌莽indekiler tablosunu de臒i艧tir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Osmanl谋 h眉k没meti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ba艧ka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 4 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="丕賱丨賰賵賲丞丕賱毓孬賲丕賳賷丞 - Arap莽a" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="丕賱丨賰賵賲丞丕賱毓孬賲丕賳賷丞" data-language-autonym="丕賱毓乇亘賷丞" data-language-local-name="Arap莽a" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_late_Ottoman_Empire" title="Government of the late Ottoman Empire - 陌ngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Government of the late Ottoman Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="陌ngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA" title="毓孬賲丕賳蹖丨讴賵賲鬲 - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="毓孬賲丕賳蹖丨讴賵賲鬲" data-language-autonym="倬賳噩丕亘蹖" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>倬賳噩丕亘蹖</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA" title="毓孬賲丕賳蹖丨讴賵賲鬲 - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="毓孬賲丕賳蹖丨讴賵賲鬲" data-language-autonym="丕乇丿賵" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>丕乇丿賵</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6006607#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dilleraras谋 ba臒lant谋lar谋 de臒i艧tir" class="wbc-editpage">Ba臒lant谋lar谋 de臒i艧tir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanlar谋"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="陌莽erik sayfas谋n谋 g枚ster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" rel="discussion" title="陌莽erik ile ilgili tart谋艧ma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tart谋艧ma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyant谋n谋 de臒i艧tir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">T眉rk莽e</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="G枚r眉n眉m"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfay谋 de臒i艧tir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>De臒i艧tir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=edit" title="Bu sayfan谋n kaynak kodunu d眉zenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kayna臒谋 de臒i艧tir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=history" title="Bu sayfan谋n ge莽mi艧 s眉r眉mleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ge莽mi艧i g枚r</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa ara莽lar谋"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ara莽lar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ara莽lar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ara莽lar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar 莽ubu臒una ta艧谋</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla se莽enek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfay谋 de臒i艧tir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>De臒i艧tir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=edit" title="Bu sayfan谋n kaynak kodunu d眉zenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kayna臒谋 de臒i艧tir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=history"><span>Ge莽mi艧i g枚r</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Bu sayfaya ba臒lant谋 vermi艧 t眉m viki sayfalar谋n谋n listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya ba臒lant谋lar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan ba臒lant谋 verilen sayfalardaki son de臒i艧iklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>陌lgili de臒i艧iklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="T眉m 枚zel sayfalar谋n listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>脰zel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&oldid=33337362" title="Bu sayfan谋n bu revizyonuna kal谋c谋 ba臒lant谋"><span>Kal谋c谋 ba臒lant谋</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakk谋nda daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&id=33337362&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nas谋l kaynak g枚sterece臒i hakk谋nda bilgi"><span>Bu sayfay谋 kaynak g枚ster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOsmanl%25C4%25B1_h%25C3%25BCk%25C3%25BBmeti"><span>K谋salt谋lm谋艧 URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOsmanl%25C4%25B1_h%25C3%25BCk%25C3%25BBmeti"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazd谋r/d谋艧a aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Osmanl%C4%B1+h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti"><span>Bir kitap olu艧tur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfan谋n bas谋lmaya uygun s眉r眉m眉 [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bas谋lmaya uygun g枚r眉n眉m</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di臒er projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6006607" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili 枚geye ba臒lant谋 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri 枚gesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa ara莽lar谋"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="G枚r眉n眉m"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">G枚r眉n眉m</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar 莽ubu臒una ta艧谋</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, 枚zg眉r ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Osmanl谋 h眉k没meti</b>, <a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u">Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u</a>'nun Avrupa'daki 莽a臒da艧 idare sistemlerine ayak uydurmak amac谋yla <a href="/wiki/19._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="19. y眉zy谋l">19. y眉zy谋l谋n</a> ba艧谋ndan itibaren uygulad谋臒谋 kabine sistemidir. G眉n眉m眉zdeki <a href="/wiki/Bakanlar_Kurulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakanlar Kurulu">Bakanlar Kurulu</a> sistemine 莽ok benzemekteydi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陌lk_Osmanl谋_h眉k没met_sistemi"><span id=".C4.B0lk_Osmanl.C4.B1_h.C3.BCk.C3.BBmet_sistemi"></span>陌lk Osmanl谋 h眉k没met sistemi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="De臒i艧tirilen b枚l眉m: 陌lk Osmanl谋 h眉k没met sistemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=edit&section=1" title="B枚l眉m眉n kaynak kodunu de臒i艧tir: 陌lk Osmanl谋 h眉k没met sistemi"><span>kayna臒谋 de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Divan-%C4%B1_H%C3%BCmayun" class="mw-redirect" title="Divan-谋 H眉mayun">Divan-谋 H眉mayun</a></div> <p>Osmanl谋 Devleti'nin kurulu艧undan ba艧layarak 18. y眉zy谋l谋n sonuna kadar kulland谋臒谋 h眉k没met yap谋s谋 <a href="/wiki/Divan-%C4%B1_H%C3%BCmayun" class="mw-redirect" title="Divan-谋 H眉mayun">Divan-谋 H眉mayun</a> denilen kurulu esas al谋yordu. Padi艧ah谋n ba艧kanl谋k etti臒i bu kurulun en 枚nemli 眉yeleri <a href="/wiki/Vezir-i_Azam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vezir-i Azam">Vezir-i Azam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kubbealt%C4%B1_Vezirleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubbealt谋 Vezirleri">Kubbealt谋 Vezirleri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defterdar" title="Defterdar">Defterdar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadaret_Keth%C3%BCdas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaret Keth眉das谋">Sadaret Keth眉das谋</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fanc%C4%B1" title="Ni艧anc谋">Ni艧anc谋</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reis-%C3%BCl_K%C3%BCttab" class="mw-redirect" title="Reis-眉l K眉ttab">Reis-眉l K眉ttab</a> ve <a href="/wiki/%C3%87avu%C5%9Fba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="脟avu艧ba艧谋">脟avu艧ba艧谋</a> gibi devlet g枚revlileriydi. Bu kurulun toplant谋lar谋na gerektik莽e <a href="/wiki/Kaptan-%C4%B1_Derya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaptan-谋 Derya">Kaptan-谋 Derya</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Yeni%C3%A7eri_A%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeni莽eri A臒as谋">Yeni莽eri A臒as谋</a> da kat谋l谋rd谋. Zaman ge莽tik莽e padi艧ahlar Divan-谋 H眉mayun'a kat谋lmamaya ba艧lad谋lar. Divan-谋 H眉mayun'un ba艧kanl谋臒谋n谋 Vezir-i Azam (Sadrazam) y眉r眉tmeye ba艧lad谋. Art谋k Sadrazam谋n 枚zel ik芒metg芒h谋 olan <a href="/wiki/Bab-%C4%B1_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab-谋 Ali">Bab-谋 Ali</a> ayn谋 zamanda da Osmanl谋 H眉k没metini temsil ediyordu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="II._Mahmut_ve_Abd眉lmecit_d枚neminde_yap谋lan_h眉k没met_reformlar谋"><span id="II._Mahmut_ve_Abd.C3.BClmecit_d.C3.B6neminde_yap.C4.B1lan_h.C3.BCk.C3.BBmet_reformlar.C4.B1"></span>II. Mahmut ve Abd眉lmecit d枚neminde yap谋lan h眉k没met reformlar谋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="De臒i艧tirilen b枚l眉m: II. Mahmut ve Abd眉lmecit d枚neminde yap谋lan h眉k没met reformlar谋" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=edit&section=2" title="B枚l眉m眉n kaynak kodunu de臒i艧tir: II. Mahmut ve Abd眉lmecit d枚neminde yap谋lan h眉k没met reformlar谋"><span>kayna臒谋 de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1826 y谋l谋ndan sonra Bab-谋 Ali art谋k Sadrazam'谋n 枚zel ik芒metg芒h谋 olmaktan 莽谋kt谋 ve bir devlet dairesi haline geldi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devletin 枚nemli kurumlar谋 devletin Ni艧anc谋 ve Reis-眉l K眉ttab y眉ksek kademedeki devlet g枚revlilerinin 艧ahs谋na dayanmak yerine kal谋c谋 kurumlar haline getirildi. Bu kurumlara Nezaret (Naz谋rl谋k yani Bakanl谋k) ad谋 verildi ve h眉k没met naz谋rlar谋 (yani bakanlar) bu kurumlar谋 y枚neten ki艧iler haline geldi. H眉k没met naz谋rlar谋n谋n belirli aral谋klarla yapt谋臒谋 toplant谋lara ise <a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_V%C3%BCkel%C3%A2" title="Meclis-i V眉kel芒">Meclis-i V眉kel芒</a> (yani Bakanlar Kurulu) ad谋 verilmeye ba艧lad谋. B枚ylece art谋k bat谋 anlam谋nda Ba艧bakan ve Bakanlar Kuruluna dayal谋 bir h眉k没met sistemi olu艧turulmu艧 oldu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naz谋rl谋klar"><span id="Naz.C4.B1rl.C4.B1klar"></span>Naz谋rl谋klar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="De臒i艧tirilen b枚l眉m: Naz谋rl谋klar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=edit&section=3" title="B枚l眉m眉n kaynak kodunu de臒i艧tir: Naz谋rl谋klar"><span>kayna臒谋 de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Son d枚nem Osmanl谋 h眉k没metlerindeki ba艧l谋ca naz谋rl谋klar 艧枚yledir: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Hariciye_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Hariciye Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Hariciye Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Harbiye_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Harbiye Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Harbiye Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Bahriye_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Bahriye Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Bahriye Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Dahiliye_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Dahiliye Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Dahiliye Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Adliye_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Adliye Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Adliye Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Maarif_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Maarif Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Maarif Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%BBr-%C4%B1_N%C3%A2fia_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Um没r-谋 N芒fia Nez芒reti">Nafia Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Ticaret_ve_Ziraat_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Ticaret ve Ziraat Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Ticaret ve Ziraat Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Evkaf_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Evkaf Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Evkaf Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Maliye_Naz%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanl谋 Maliye Naz谋rl谋臒谋">Maliye Naz谋rl谋臒谋</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynak莽a"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynak莽a</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="De臒i艧tirilen b枚l眉m: Kaynak莽a" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=edit&section=4" title="B枚l眉m眉n kaynak kodunu de臒i艧tir: Kaynak莽a"><span>kayna臒谋 de臒i艧tir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111216011625/http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/19/1152/13546.pdf">"Osmanl谋 Devleti'nde Islahat Hareketleri ve Bat谋 Medeniyetlerine Giri艧 Gayretleri (1700-1839), Mehmet Karag枚z, Ankara 脺niversitesi Osmanl谋 Tarihi Ara艧t谋rma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, Say谋: 6 Sayfa: 173-194, 1995"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 16 Aral谋k 2011 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/19/1152/13546.pdf">kayna臒谋ndan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> ar艧ivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Eri艧im tarihi: 29 Eyl眉l 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Osmanl%C4%B1+Devleti%27nde+Islahat+Hareketleri+ve+Bat%C4%B1+Medeniyetlerine+Giri%C5%9F+Gayretleri+%281700-1839%29%2C+Mehmet+Karag%C3%B6z%2C+Ankara+%C3%9Cniversitesi+Osmanl%C4%B1+Tarihi+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma+ve+Uygulama+Merkezi+Dergisi%2C+Say%C4%B1%3A+6+Sayfa%3A+173-194%2C+1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdergiler.ankara.edu.tr%2Fdergiler%2F19%2F1152%2F13546.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AOsmanl%C4%B1+h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Osmanl谋_devlet_te艧kilat谋" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Osmanl%C4%B1_devlet_te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="艦ablon:Osmanl谋 devlet te艧kilat谋"><abbr title="Bu 艧ablonu g枚r眉nt眉le" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Osmanl%C4%B1_devlet_te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="艦ablon tart谋艧ma:Osmanl谋 devlet te艧kilat谋"><abbr title="Bu 艧ablonu tart谋艧" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Osmanl%C4%B1_devlet_te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu 艧ablonu de臒i艧tir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Osmanl谋_devlet_te艧kilat谋" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_devlet_te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Osmanl谋 devlet te艧kilat谋">Osmanl谋 devlet te艧kilat谋</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Merkez卯 sistem</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hanedan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Osmanl谋 Hanedan谋">Osmanl谋 Hanedan谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu)" title="Harem (Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ender%C3%BBn" title="Ender没n">Ender没n</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adalet<br /><span style="font-size:90%;"><i>(reform ve anayasal d枚nemi)</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_V%C3%A2l%C3%A2-y%C4%B1_Ahk%C3%A2m-%C4%B1_Adliyye" title="Meclis-i V芒l芒-y谋 Ahk芒m-谋 Adliyye">Meclis-i V芒l芒-y谋 Ahk芒m-谋 Adliyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BBr%C3%A2-y%C4%B1_Devlet" title="艦没r芒-y谋 Devlet">艦没r芒-y谋 Devlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEv%C3%A2n-%C4%B1_Ahk%C3%A2m-%C4%B1_Adliyye" title="D卯v芒n-谋 Ahk芒m-谋 Adliyye">D卯v芒n-谋 Ahk芒m-谋 Adliyye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H眉k没met</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEv%C3%A2n-%C4%B1_H%C3%BCm%C3%A2yun" title="D卯v芒n-谋 H眉m芒yun">D卯v芒n-谋 H眉m芒yun</a> (<a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2b-%C4%B1_%C3%82li" title="B芒b-谋脗li">B芒b-谋脗li</a>)<br /><span style="font-size:90%;"><i>(klasik d枚nem)</i></span> </div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadrazam" title="Sadrazam">Sadrazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbealt%C4%B1_vezirleri" title="Kubbealt谋 vezirleri">Kubbealt谋 vezirleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazasker" title="Kazasker">Kazasker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_ba%C5%9Fdefterdarlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Osmanl谋 ba艧defterdarlar谋 listesi">Defterdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fanc%C4%B1" title="Ni艧anc谋">Ni艧anc谋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C3%AEs%C3%BC%27l-k%C3%BCtt%C3%A2b" title="Re卯s眉'l-k眉tt芒b">Re卯s眉'l-k眉tt芒b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2b-%C4%B1_%C3%82li_terc%C3%BCman%C4%B1" title="B芒b-谋脗li terc眉man谋">Terc眉manba艧谋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_V%C3%BCkel%C3%A2" title="Meclis-i V眉kel芒">Meclis-i V眉kel芒</a><br /><span style="font-size:90%;"><i>(reform d枚nemi)</i></span> </div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adliye_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Adliye Nez芒reti">Adliye Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahriye_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Bahriye Nez芒reti">Bahriye Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahiliye_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Dahiliye Nez芒reti">Dahiliye Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evkaf-%C4%B1_H%C3%BCm%C3%A2yun_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Evkaf-谋 H眉m芒yun Nez芒reti">Evkaf-谋 H眉m芒yun Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbiye_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Harbiye Nez芒reti">Harbiye Nez芒reti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erk%C3%A2n-%C4%B1_Harbiye-i_Um%C3%BBmiye_Riyaseti" title="Erk芒n-谋 Harbiye-i Um没miye Riyaseti">Erk芒n-谋 Harbiye-i Um没miye Riyaseti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariciye_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Hariciye Nez芒reti">Hariciye Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A2rif-i_Um%C3%BBmiye_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Ma芒rif-i Um没miye Nez芒reti">Ma芒rif-i Um没miye Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliye_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Maliye Nez芒reti">Maliye Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posta_ve_Telgraf_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Posta ve Telgraf Nez芒reti">Posta ve Telgraf Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticaret_ve_Ziraat_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Ticaret ve Ziraat Nez芒reti">Ticaret ve Ziraat Nez芒reti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%BBr-%C4%B1_N%C3%A2fia_Nez%C3%A2reti" title="Um没r-谋 N芒fia Nez芒reti">Um没r-谋 N芒fia Nez芒reti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Um%C3%BBm%C3%AE" title="Meclis-i Um没m卯">Meclis-i Um没m卯</a><br /><span style="font-size:90%;"><i>(anayasal d枚nem)</i></span> </div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_%C3%82yan" title="Meclis-i 脗yan">Meclis-i 脗yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Meb%C3%BBsan" title="Meclis-i Meb没san">Meclis-i Meb没san</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Meb%C3%BBsan_1._d%C3%B6nem_mebuslar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Meclis-i Meb没san 1. d枚nem mebuslar谋 listesi">1877 Mart-Haziran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Meb%C3%BBsan_2._d%C3%B6nem_mebuslar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Meclis-i Meb没san 2. d枚nem mebuslar谋 listesi">1877-1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Meb%C3%BBsan_3._d%C3%B6nem_mebuslar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Meclis-i Meb没san 3. d枚nem mebuslar谋 listesi">1908-1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Meb%C3%BBsan_4._d%C3%B6nem_mebuslar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Meclis-i Meb没san 4. d枚nem mebuslar谋 listesi">1912 Nisan-A臒ustos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Meb%C3%BBsan_5._d%C3%B6nem_mebuslar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Meclis-i Meb没san 5. d枚nem mebuslar谋 listesi">1914-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclis-i_Meb%C3%BBsan_6._d%C3%B6nem_mebuslar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Meclis-i Meb没san 6. d枚nem mebuslar谋 listesi">1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27ndaki_siyasi_partiler_listesi" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u'ndaki siyasi partiler listesi">Siyasi partiler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u armas谋"><img alt="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u armas谋" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27nun_idari_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u'nun idari b枚l眉n眉艧眉">陌dari b枚l眉n眉艧</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Millet_(Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu)" title="Millet (Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u)">Milletler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27nda_%C4%B0slam" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u'nda 陌slam">陌slam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eeyh%C3%BClislam" title="艦eyh眉lislam">艦eyh眉lislam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27nda_Hristiyanl%C4%B1k" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u'nda Hristiyanl谋k">Hristiyanl谋k</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_Rum_Ortodoks_Patrikhanesi" title="陌stanbul Rum Ortodoks Patrikhanesi">Ortodoks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_Ermeni_Patrikhanesi" title="陌stanbul Ermeni Patrikhanesi">Ermeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCryani_Ortodoks_Kilisesi" title="S眉ryani Ortodoks Kilisesi">S眉ryani Ortodoks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1pt%C3%AE_Ortodoks_Kilisesi" title="K谋pt卯 Ortodoks Kilisesi">K谋pt卯 Ortodoks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27ndaki_Yahudilerin_tarihi" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u'ndaki Yahudilerin tarihi">Yahudilik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye_Hahamba%C5%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="T眉rkiye Hahamba艧谋l谋臒谋">Hahamba艧谋</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ta艧ra</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet_(Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu)" title="Eyalet (Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u)">Eyalet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beylerbeyi" title="Beylerbeyi">Beylerbeyi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancak_(idari_birim)" title="Sancak (idari birim)">Sancak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sancakbeyi" title="Sancakbeyi">Sancakbeyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasarr%C4%B1f" title="Mutasarr谋f">Mutasarr谋f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaza_(idari_birim)" title="Kaza (idari birim)">Kaza</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1" title="Kad谋">Kad谋l谋k</a>/<a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Fal%C4%B1k" title="A臒al谋k">A臒al谋k</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27nun_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ml%C4%B1_ve_hara%C3%A7g%C3%BCzar_devletleri_listesi" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u'nun ba臒谋ml谋 ve hara莽g眉zar devletleri listesi">Ba臒谋ml谋 ve hara莽g眉zar devletler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taslak simgesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/41px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg/54px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281882%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1595" data-file-height="1906" /></a></span></td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u">Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u</a> ile ilgili bu madde <a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Taslak_madde" title="Vikipedi:Taslak madde">taslak</a> seviyesindedir. Madde i莽eri臒ini <a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osmanl%C4%B1_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti&action=edit">geni艧leterek</a> Vikipedi'ye katk谋 sa臒layabilirsiniz.</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osmanl谋_h眉k没meti&oldid=33337362">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Osmanl谋_h眉k没meti&oldid=33337362</a>" sayfas谋ndan al谋nm谋艧t谋r</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Kategoriler" title="脰zel:Kategoriler">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu_taslaklar%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u taslaklar谋">Osmanl谋陌mparatorlu臒u taslaklar谋</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Son_d%C3%B6nem_Osmanl%C4%B1_H%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Kategori:Son d枚nem Osmanl谋 H眉k没meti">Son d枚nem Osmanl谋 H眉k没meti</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Gizli kategoriler: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:G%C3%B6rsel_boyutlar%C4%B1_fazla_pik_i%C3%A7eren_sayfalar" title="Kategori:G枚rsel boyutlar谋 fazla pik i莽eren sayfalar">G枚rsel boyutlar谋 fazla pik i莽eren sayfalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:T%C3%BCm_taslak_maddeler" title="Kategori:T眉m taslak maddeler">T眉m taslak maddeler</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sayfa en son 17.51, 21 Haziran 2024 tarihinde de臒i艧tirildi.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Metin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr">Creative Commons At谋f-Ayn谋LisanslaPayla艧 Lisans谋</a> alt谋ndad谋r ve ek ko艧ullar uygulanabilir. 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