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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Joseph Biden" and "Biden" redirect here. For his first-born son, Joseph Biden III, see <a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Beau Biden</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Biden_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Biden (disambiguation)">Biden (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.<a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a> (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who was the 46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> from 2021 to 2025. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, he served as the 47th <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president</a> from 2009 to 2017 under President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, and represented <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> from 1973 to 2009. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Joe Biden</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Official presidential portrait. Head shot of Biden smiling, wearing a navy blue suit jacket with American flag lapel pin, white shirt, and blue necktie." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2021</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 20, 2021 – January 20, 2025</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Donald Trump</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">47th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 1973 – January 15, 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs">J. Caleb Boggs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaufman" title="Ted Kaufman">Ted Kaufman</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.</div> (1942-11-20) November 20, 1942 (age 82) <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (since 1969)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1968–1969)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Neilia_Hunter_Biden" title="Neilia Hunter Biden">Neilia Hunter</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1966; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">1972)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Jacobs</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">1977)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Beau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter</a></li> <li>Naomi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Biden" title="Ashley Biden">Ashley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Biden_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden family">Biden family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Politician</li> <li>lawyer</li> <li>author</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joe Biden's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Joe_Biden_Signature.svg/119px-Joe_Biden_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Joe_Biden_Signature.svg/178px-Joe_Biden_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Joe_Biden_Signature.svg/237px-Joe_Biden_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="119"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bidenlibrary.gov/">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/">White House archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_speaks_on_U.S._withdrawal_from_Afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_Kabul.ogg" title="File:Joe Biden speaks on U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and the fall of Kabul.ogg">Joe Biden's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="383" data-mwtitle="Joe_Biden_speaks_on_U.S._withdrawal_from_Afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_Kabul.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Joe_Biden_speaks_on_U.S._withdrawal_from_Afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_Kabul.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Joe_Biden_speaks_on_U.S._withdrawal_from_Afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_Kabul.ogg/Joe_Biden_speaks_on_U.S._withdrawal_from_Afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_Kabul.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJoe_Biden_speaks_on_U.S._withdrawal_from_Afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_Kabul.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></audio></div> <div class="description">Biden speaks on the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_US_troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2021 US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a>. Recorded August 16, 2021</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:lavender;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Other offices</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2007–2009: Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Caucus_on_International_Narcotics_Control" title="United States Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control">International Narcotics Control Caucus</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2001<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a>–2003, 2007–2009: Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1987–1995: Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1971–1973: Member of the <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County Council">New Castle County Council</a> from the 4th district </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style> Born in <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a>, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> in 1965 and the <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_College_of_Law" title="Syracuse University College of Law">Syracuse University College of Law</a> in 1968. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County Council">New Castle County Council</a> in 1970 and the <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">U.S. Senate in 1972</a>. <a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">As a senator</a>, Biden drafted and led the effort to pass the <a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a>. He also oversaw six <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> confirmation hearings, including the contentious <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination">hearings for Robert Bork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Clarence Thomas</a>. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the <a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1988</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008 Democratic presidential nominations</a>. In 2008, Obama chose Biden as his running mate, and he was a close counselor to Obama as vice president. In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>, Biden won the Democratic Party nomination for president. He selected <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> as his running mate, and they defeated <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> incumbents <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>. He became the first president to serve with a female vice president. As president, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Rescue Plan Act">American Rescue Plan Act</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">subsequent recession</a>. He signed bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">bills on infrastructure</a> and <a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">manufacturing</a>. He proposed the <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>, which failed in Congress, but aspects of which were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a> that he signed into law in 2022. He <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">appointed Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">his foreign policy</a>, the U.S. reentered the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>. Biden oversaw the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">complete withdrawal of U.S. troops</a> that ended the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">war in Afghanistan</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">collapse of the Afghan government and the Taliban seizing control</a>. He <a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> by imposing <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">sanctions on Russia</a> and authorizing <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">civilian and military aid to Ukraine</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a>, Biden condemned the actions of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> as terrorism, strongly supported <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Gaza war">Israel's military efforts</a>, and sent limited humanitarian aid to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. A <a href="/wiki/2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire" title="2025 Gaza war ceasefire">ceasefire proposal</a> was adopted shortly before he left office. <a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Concerns about Biden's age and health</a> persisted throughout his term. Biden began his presidency with majority support, but saw his approval ratings decline throughout his presidency, in part due to public frustration over <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">supply chain shortages</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021-2023_inflation_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="2021-2023 inflation surge">inflation</a>, which peaked at 9.1% in June 2022. He initially <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">ran for reelection</a> and, after the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic primaries</a>, became the party's presumptive nominee in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>. After his performance in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Joe_Biden%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_presidential_debate" title="2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate">first presidential debate</a> however, renewed scrutiny from across the political spectrum about his cognitive ability led him to <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdraw his candidacy</a>. He was replaced as the nominee by Vice President Harris, who lost to Trump in the general election. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life_(1942%E2%80%931965)">1 Early life (1942–1965)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Marriages,_law_school,_and_early_career_(1966%E2%80%931973)">2 Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1973)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#1972_U.S._Senate_campaign_in_Delaware">2.1 1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Death_of_wife_and_daughter">2.2 Death of wife and daughter</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Second_marriage">2.3 Second marriage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Teaching">2.4 Teaching</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#U.S._Senate_(1973%E2%80%932009)">3 U.S. Senate (1973–2009)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Senate_activities">3.1 Senate activities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Brain_surgeries">3.2 Brain surgeries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Senate_Judiciary_Committee">3.3 Senate Judiciary Committee</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee">3.4 Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Wars_in_Afghanistan_and_Iraq">3.4.1 Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#1988_and_2008_presidential_campaigns">4 1988 and 2008 presidential campaigns</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#1988_campaign">4.1 1988 campaign</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#2008_campaign">4.2 2008 campaign</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#2008_and_2012_vice_presidential_campaigns">5 2008 and 2012 vice presidential campaigns</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#2008_campaign_2">5.1 2008 campaign</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#2012_campaign">5.2 2012 campaign</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Vice_presidency_(2009%E2%80%932017)">6 Vice presidency (2009–2017)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#First_term_(2009%E2%80%932013)">6.1 First term (2009–2013)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Second_term_(2013%E2%80%932017)">6.2 Second term (2013–2017)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Role_in_the_2016_presidential_campaign">6.2.1 Role in the 2016 presidential campaign</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Post-vice_presidency_(2017%E2%80%932021)">7 Post-vice presidency (2017–2021)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#2020_presidential_campaign">8 2020 presidential campaign</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Speculation_and_announcement">8.1 Speculation and announcement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Campaign">8.2 Campaign</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Presidential_transition">8.3 Presidential transition</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Presidency_(2021%E2%80%932025)">9 Presidency (2021–2025)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Inauguration">9.1 Inauguration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#First_100_days">9.2 First 100 days</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Domestic_policy">9.3 Domestic policy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Economy">9.3.1 Economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Judiciary">9.3.2 Judiciary</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Infrastructure_and_climate">9.3.3 Infrastructure and climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Immigration">9.3.4 Immigration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Pardons_and_commutations">9.3.5 Pardons and commutations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Pardons_of_family_members_and_political_figures">9.3.6 Pardons of family members and political figures</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#2022_elections">9.3.7 2022 elections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Foreign_policy">9.4 Foreign policy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Withdrawal_from_Afghanistan">9.4.1 Withdrawal from Afghanistan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">9.4.2 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#China_affairs">9.4.3 China affairs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-43"><a href="#Gaza_war">9.4.4 Gaza war</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-44"><a href="#NATO_enlargement">9.4.5 NATO enlargement</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Investigations">9.5 Investigations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Retention_of_classified_documents">9.5.1 Retention of classified documents</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#Business_activities">9.5.2 Business activities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Age_and_health_concerns">9.6 Age and health concerns</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#2024_presidential_campaign">9.7 2024 presidential campaign</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="#Assessments">9.8 Assessments</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#Post-presidency_(2025%E2%80%93present)">10 Post-presidency (2025–present)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Political_positions">11 Political positions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="#Public_image">12 Public image</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="#Job_approval">12.1 Job approval</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55"><a href="#Media_depictions">12.2 Media depictions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Scholarly_rankings">12.3 Scholarly rankings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="#Notes">14 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59"><a href="#References">15 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60"><a href="#Citations">15.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="#Works_cited">15.2 Works cited</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-62"><a href="#Further_reading">16 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-63"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Official">17.1 Official</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#Other">17.2 Other</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Early_life_(1942–1965)">Early life (1942–1965)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life and career of Joe Biden</a></div> Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born on November 20, 1942,<a href="#cite_note-cong-bio-3">[1]</a> at St. Mary's Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover20105-4">[2]</a> to Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Biden (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Finnegan) and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> He was the oldest child in a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> family of mostly Irish descent. He has a sister, <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Biden_Owens" title="Valerie Biden Owens">Valerie</a>, and two brothers, Francis and <a href="/wiki/James_Biden" title="James Biden">James</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover20108%E2%80%939-7">[5]</a> Biden's father had been wealthy, and the family purchased a home in the affluent Long Island suburb of <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City</a> in 1946,<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> but he suffered business setbacks around the time Biden was seven years old,<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-promises2008-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover20107%E2%80%938-11">[9]</a> and for several years the family lived with Biden's maternal grandparents in Scranton.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-father-12">[10]</a> Scranton fell into economic decline during the 1950s, and Biden's father could not find steady work.<a href="#cite_note-ap-scranton-13">[11]</a> Beginning in 1953 when Biden was ten,<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> the family lived in an apartment in <a href="/wiki/Claymont,_Delaware" title="Claymont, Delaware">Claymont, Delaware</a>, before moving to a house in nearby <a href="/wiki/Mayfield,_Delaware" title="Mayfield, Delaware">Mayfield, Delaware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-promises2008-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-father-12">[10]</a> Biden Sr. later became a successful <a href="/wiki/Used-car_salesman" class="mw-redirect" title="Used-car salesman">used-car salesman</a>, maintaining the family in a middle-class lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-father-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-ap-scranton-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Archmere_Academy" title="Archmere Academy">Archmere Academy</a> in Claymont,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201027,_32-18">[16]</a> Biden played baseball and was a standout <a href="/wiki/Halfback_(American_football)" title="Halfback (American football)">halfback</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wide_receiver" title="Wide receiver">wide receiver</a> on the <a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">high school football</a> team.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-father-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> Though a poor student, he was <a href="/wiki/Class_president" title="Class president">class president</a> in his junior and senior years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201040%E2%80%9341-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor199099-21">[19]</a> He graduated in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201040%E2%80%9341-20">[18]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_Delaware" title="Newark, Delaware">Newark</a>, Biden briefly played freshman football,<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> and, as an unexceptional student,<a href="#cite_note-nyt091887-24">[22]</a> received a Bachelor of Arts degree with a <a href="/wiki/Double_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Double major">double major</a> in history and <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-ap-timeline-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor199098-26">[24]</a> Biden had a <a href="/wiki/Stutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutter">stutter</a> and has mitigated it since his early twenties.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Marriages,_law_school,_and_early_career_(1966–1973)">Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1973)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early career of Joe Biden</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family of Joe Biden</a></div> Biden married <a href="/wiki/Neilia_Hunter_Biden" title="Neilia Hunter Biden">Neilia Hunter</a>, a student at <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>, on August 27, 1966,<a href="#cite_note-ap-timeline-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> after overcoming her parents' disinclination for her to wed a Catholic. Their wedding was held in a Catholic church in <a href="/wiki/Skaneateles,_New_York_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaneateles, New York (village)">Skaneateles, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> They had three children: <a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Joseph R. "Beau" Biden III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Robert Hunter Biden</a>, and Naomi Christina "Amy" Biden.<a href="#cite_note-ap-timeline-25">[23]</a> Biden earned a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> from <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_College_of_Law" title="Syracuse University College of Law">Syracuse University College of Law</a> in 1968. In his first year of law school, he failed a course because he <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarized</a> a law review article, but the failing grade was later stricken. His grades were relatively poor, and he graduated 76th in a class of 85.<a href="#cite_note-nyt091887-24">[22]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware bar">Delaware bar</a> in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-cong-bio-3">[1]</a> Biden clerked at a <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a> law firm headed by prominent local <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> William Prickett in 1968 and, he later said, "thought of myself as a Republican".<a href="#cite_note-dmn-87-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> He disliked incumbent Democratic Delaware governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Terry" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles L. Terry">Charles L. Terry</a>'s conservative racial politics and supported a more liberal Republican, <a href="/wiki/Russell_W._Peterson" title="Russell W. Peterson">Russell W. Peterson</a>, who defeated Terry in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-dmn-87-30">[28]</a> Local Republicans attempted to recruit Biden, but he registered as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> because of his distaste for Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dmn-87-30">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg/170px-Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="478"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 224px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg/170px-Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="224" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg/255px-Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg/340px-Joe_Biden_in_1968_Edition_of_Onondagan_Yearbook.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden in the Syracuse 1968 yearbook</figcaption></figure> In 1969, Biden practiced law, first as a <a href="/wiki/Public_defender" title="Public defender">public defender</a> and then at a law firm headed by a locally active Democrat,<a href="#cite_note-cby-43-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-dmn-87-30">[28]</a> who named him to the Democratic Forum, a group trying to reform and revitalize the state party;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201086-33">[31]</a> Biden subsequently reregistered as a Democrat.<a href="#cite_note-dmn-87-30">[28]</a> He and another attorney also formed a law firm.<a href="#cite_note-cby-43-32">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Corporate_law" title="Corporate law">Corporate law</a> did not appeal to him, and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal law</a> did not pay well.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-father-12">[10]</a> He supplemented his income by managing properties.<a href="#cite_note-watn020109-34">[32]</a> Biden ran for the fourth district seat on the <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="New Castle County Council">New Castle County Council</a> in 1970 on a liberal platform that included support for public housing in the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201059-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> Biden won the general election, defeating Republican Lawrence T. Messick, and took office on January 5, 1971.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> He served until January 1, 1973.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201052%E2%80%9364-40">[38]</a> During his time on the county council, Biden opposed large highway projects, which he argued might disrupt Wilmington neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201052%E2%80%9364-40">[38]</a> Biden had not openly supported or opposed the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> until he ran for Senate and opposed Richard Nixon's conduct of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201050,_75-41">[39]</a> While studying at the University of Delaware and Syracuse University, Biden obtained five student <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">draft</a> deferments. Based on a physical examination, he was given a conditional medical deferment in 1968; in 2008, a spokesperson for Biden said his having had "<a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> as a teenager" was the reason.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1972_U.S._Senate_campaign_in_Delaware">1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972 United States Senate election in Delaware</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neilia_Hunter,_Joe,_Hunter,_Naomi_Christina,_and_Beau_Biden,_c._1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg/170px-Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 194px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg/170px-Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg/255px-Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg/340px-Neilia_Hunter%2C_Joe%2C_Hunter%2C_Naomi_Christina%2C_and_Beau_Biden%2C_c._1972.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Neilia Hunter, Joe, Hunter, Naomi Christina and Beau Biden, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1972</figcaption></figure> Biden defeated Republican incumbent <a href="/wiki/J._Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs">J. Caleb Boggs</a> to become the junior U.S. senator from Delaware in 1972. He was the only Democrat willing to challenge Boggs and, with minimal campaign funds, he was thought to have no chance of winning.<a href="#cite_note-cby-43-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-father-12">[10]</a> Family members managed and staffed the campaign, which relied on meeting voters face-to-face and hand-distributing position papers,<a href="#cite_note-npr-72-43">[41]</a> an approach made feasible by Delaware's small size.<a href="#cite_note-watn020109-34">[32]</a> He received help from the <a href="/wiki/AFL-CIO" title="AFL-CIO">AFL-CIO</a> and Democratic pollster <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Caddell" title="Patrick Caddell">Patrick Caddell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cby-43-32">[30]</a> His platform focused on the environment, withdrawal from Vietnam, civil rights, mass transit, equitable taxation, health care and public dissatisfaction with "politics as usual".<a href="#cite_note-cby-43-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr-72-43">[41]</a> A few months before the election, Biden trailed Boggs by almost thirty percentage points,<a href="#cite_note-cby-43-32">[30]</a> but his energy, attractive young family, and ability to connect with voters' emotions worked to his advantage,<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> and he won with 50.5% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-npr-72-43">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_of_wife_and_daughter">Death of wife and daughter</h3></div> A few weeks after Biden was elected senator, his wife Neilia and one-year-old daughter Naomi were killed in an automobile accident in <a href="/wiki/Hockessin,_Delaware" title="Hockessin, Delaware">Hockessin, Delaware</a>, on December 18, 1972.<a href="#cite_note-ap-timeline-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> Their sons Beau (aged 3) and Hunter (aged 2) were in the car and were taken to hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover201093,_98-45">[43]</a> Biden considered resigning to care for them,<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Leader">Senate Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a> persuaded him not to.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> Biden contemplated suicide and was filled with anger and religious doubt.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> He wrote that he "felt God had played a horrible trick" on him<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> and had trouble focusing on work.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_marriage">Second marriage</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden and his wife smiling, dressed casually" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg/220px-Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1338"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg/220px-Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden and his wife smiling, dressed casually" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg/330px-Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg/440px-Joe_and_Jilly_Biden_early_photo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden and his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill</a>, met in 1975 and married in 1977</figcaption></figure> Biden met teacher <a href="/wiki/Jill_Tracy_Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jill Tracy Jacobs">Jill Tracy Jacobs</a> in 1975 on a <a href="/wiki/Blind_date" title="Blind date">blind date</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> They married at the <a href="/wiki/Church_Center_for_the_United_Nations" title="Church Center for the United Nations">United Nations chapel</a> in New York on June 17, 1977,<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> and spent their honeymoon at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungarian People's Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Biden credits her with the renewal of his interest in politics and life.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> In 1981, the couple had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Biden" title="Ashley Biden">Ashley Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ap-timeline-25">[23]</a> She is a social worker.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> Jill helped raise her stepsons, Hunter and Beau, who were seven and eight respectively at the time of her marriage. Hunter has worked as a Washington lobbyist and investment adviser; his business dealings, <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">personal life</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Weiss_special_counsel_investigation" title="Weiss special counsel investigation">legal troubles</a> have come under <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">significant scrutiny</a> during his father's presidency. In December 2024, Biden pardoned Hunter following his <a href="/wiki/Weiss_special_counsel_investigation" title="Weiss special counsel investigation">conviction</a> on gun and tax charges despite repeated promises that he would not do so.<a href="#cite_note-NBCpardon-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-White_House_2024-62">[60]</a> Beau became an Army <a href="/wiki/Judge-advocate" title="Judge-advocate">judge-advocate</a> in Iraq and later <a href="/wiki/Delaware_attorney_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware attorney general">Delaware attorney general</a>;<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> he died of brain cancer in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching">Teaching</h3></div> From 1991 to 2008, as an <a href="/wiki/Adjunct_professor" title="Adjunct professor">adjunct professor</a>, Biden co-taught a <a href="/wiki/Seminar" title="Seminar">seminar</a> on <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law" title="Constitutional law">constitutional law</a> at <a href="/wiki/Widener_University_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Widener University School of Law">Widener University School of Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="U.S._Senate_(1973–2009)">U.S. Senate (1973–2009)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career of Joe Biden</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_activities">Senate activities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden and Carter greeting each other in the Oval Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="482"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden and Carter greeting each other in the Oval Office" data-width="220" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg/330px-President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg/440px-President_Jimmy_Carter_with_Senator_Joe_Biden.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden with President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, 1978</figcaption></figure> Elected to the U.S. Senate in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a>, Biden was reelected in <a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a>, <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a>, regularly receiving about 60% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-366-68">[66]</a> Aged 30 when first elected, he was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_youngest_members_of_the_United_States_Congress#List_of_youngest_U.S._senators" title="List of youngest members of the United States Congress">seventh-youngest senator in U.S. history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> He was junior senator to <a href="/wiki/William_Roth" title="William Roth">William Roth</a> until Roth was defeated in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Biden&action=edit">[update]</a>, he was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service">19th-longest-serving senator</a> in U.S. history.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> During his early years in the Senate, Biden focused on consumer protection and environmental issues and called for greater government accountability.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> In a 1974 interview, he described himself as liberal on civil rights and liberties, senior citizens' concerns and healthcare, but conservative on other issues, including abortion and <a href="/wiki/Military_conscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Military conscription">military conscription</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> Biden was the first U.S. senator to endorse <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> for president in the <a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976 Democratic primary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> Carter won the Democratic nomination and the <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 election</a>. Biden also worked on <a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">arms control</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-foreign-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> After Congress failed to ratify the <a href="/wiki/SALT_II" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT II">SALT II</a> Treaty signed in 1979 by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_general_secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet general secretary">Soviet general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> and President Jimmy Carter, Biden met with Soviet foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a> and secured changes that addressed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's objections.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> He received considerable attention when he excoriated Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a> at a Senate hearing for the Reagan administration's support of South Africa despite its policy of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dmn-87-30">[28]</a> In a congressional hearing in 1984, he objected to the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> plan to construct autonomous systems of ICBM defense.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> In the mid-1970s, Biden was one of the Senate's strongest opponents of <a href="/wiki/Race-integration_busing" class="mw-redirect" title="Race-integration busing">race-integration busing</a>. His Delaware constituents strongly opposed it, and such opposition nationwide later led his party to mostly abandon school integration policies.<a href="#cite_note-Gadsden-80">[78]</a> In his first Senate campaign, Biden had expressed support for busing to remedy <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregation</a>, as in the South, but opposed its use to remedy <a href="/wiki/De_facto#Segregation" title="De facto">de facto segregation</a> arising from racial patterns of neighborhood residency, as in Delaware; he opposed a proposed constitutional amendment banning busing entirely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGadsden2012214-81">[79]</a> Biden supported a 1976 measure forbidding the use of federal funds for transporting students beyond the school closest to them.<a href="#cite_note-Gadsden-80">[78]</a> He co-sponsored a 1977 amendment closing loopholes in that measure, which President Carter signed into law in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden shaking hands with Reagan in the Oval Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2661"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden shaking hands with Reagan in the Oval Office" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_meeting_with_Senators_Joe_Biden_and_William_Cohen.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden shaking hands with President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, 1984</figcaption></figure> Biden became <a href="/wiki/Ranking_minority_member" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranking minority member">ranking minority member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> in 1981. He was a Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Crime_Control_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive Crime Control Act">Comprehensive Crime Control Act</a> in 1984. His supporters praised him for modifying some of the law's worst provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to that time.<a href="#cite_note-cby-44-83">[81]</a> In 1994, Biden helped pass the <a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a>, which included <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">a ban on assault weapons</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> which he has called his most significant legislation.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> The 1994 crime law was unpopular among progressives and criticized for resulting in mass incarceration;<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> in 2019, Biden called his role in passing the bill a "big mistake", saying it "trapped an entire generation".<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_(06).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg/220px-President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5551" data-file-height="3627"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg/220px-President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg/330px-President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg/440px-President_Bill_Clinton_meeting_with_Senator_Joe_Biden_and_Janet_Reno_in_the_Oval_Office_%2806%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden meeting with attorney general <a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a>, 1993</figcaption></figure> Biden voted for a 1993 provision that deemed homosexuality incompatible with military life, thereby banning gay people from serving in the armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> In 1996, he voted for the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a>, which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages, thereby barring people in such marriages from equal protection under federal law and allowing states to do the same.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Biden_Evolution_on_LGBTQ-93">[91]</a> In 2015, the act was ruled unconstitutional in <a href="/wiki/Obergefell_v._Hodges" title="Obergefell v. Hodges">Obergefell v. Hodges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Biden was critical of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_the_Independent_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Office of the Independent Counsel">Independent Counsel</a> <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> during the 1990s <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewinsky scandal">Lewinsky scandal</a> investigations, saying "it's going to be a cold day in hell" before another independent counsel would be granted similar powers.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> He voted to acquit during the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">impeachment of Bill Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> During the 2000s, Biden sponsored bankruptcy legislation sought by credit card issuers.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> vetoed the bill in 2000, but it passed in 2005 as the <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_Abuse_Prevention_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act">Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> with Biden being one of only 18 Democrats to vote for it, while leading Democrats and consumer rights organizations opposed it.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> As a senator, Biden strongly supported increased <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> funding and rail security.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-366-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brain_surgeries">Brain surgeries</h3></div> In February 1988, after several episodes of severe neck pain, Biden underwent surgery to correct a leaking <a href="/wiki/Intracranial_berry_aneurysm" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracranial berry aneurysm">intracranial berry aneurysm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-4cmed-100">[98]</a> While recuperating, he suffered a <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-4cmed-100">[98]</a> A second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-4cmed-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> His recuperation kept him away from the Senate for seven months.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_Judiciary_Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Senator Biden giving a speech, with uniformed law enforcement officers in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg/220px-Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg/220px-Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Senator Biden giving a speech, with uniformed law enforcement officers in the background" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg/330px-Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg/440px-Biden_Crime_Bill.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden speaking at the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">1994 Crime Bill</a> with President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.</figcaption></figure> Biden was a longtime member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a>. He chaired it from 1987 to 1995 and was a <a href="/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking minority member</a> from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> As chair, Biden presided over two highly contentious <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> confirmation hearings.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination">Robert Bork was nominated</a> in 1988, Biden reversed his approval‍—‌given in an interview the previous year‍—‌of a hypothetical Bork nomination. Conservatives were angered,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBronner1989138%E2%80%93139,_214,_305-104">[102]</a> but at the hearings' close Biden was praised for his fairness, humor, and courage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBronner1989138%E2%80%93139,_214,_305-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-lg-87-105">[103]</a> Rejecting the arguments of some Bork opponents,<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> Biden framed his objections to Bork in terms of the conflict between Bork's strong <a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">originalism</a> and the view that the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> provides rights to liberty and privacy beyond those explicitly enumerated in its text.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lg-87-105">[103]</a> Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 5–9 vote<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lg-87-105">[103]</a> and then in the full Senate, 42–58.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Clarence Thomas's nomination hearings</a> in 1991, Biden's questions on constitutional issues were often convoluted to the point that Thomas sometimes lost track of them,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayerAbramson1994213,_218,_336-107">[105]</a> and Thomas later wrote that Biden's questions were akin to "<a href="/wiki/Beanball" title="Beanball">beanballs</a>".<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> After the committee hearing closed, the public learned that <a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Hill</a> had accused Thomas of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">making unwelcome sexual comments</a> when they had worked together.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> Biden had known of some of these charges, but initially shared them only with the committee because Hill was then unwilling to testify.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> The committee hearing was reopened and Hill testified, but Biden did not permit testimony from other witnesses, such as a woman who had made similar charges and experts on harassment.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-hill-111">[109]</a> The full Senate confirmed Thomas by a 52–48 vote, with Biden opposed.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a> Liberal legal advocates and women's groups felt strongly that Biden had mishandled the hearings and not done enough to support Hill.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-hill-111">[109]</a> In 2019, he told Hill he regretted his treatment of her, but Hill said afterward she remained unsatisfied.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Clinton, his senior officials, and Biden on Air Force One" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg/220px-Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg/220px-Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Clinton, his senior officials, and Biden on Air Force One" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg/330px-Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg/440px-Bill_Clinton_and_officials_on_Air_Force_One.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Senator Biden accompanies President Clinton and other officials to <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, December 1997.</figcaption></figure> Biden was a longtime member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a>. He became its ranking minority member in 1997 and chaired it from June 2001 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-365-113">[111]</a> His positions were generally <a href="/wiki/Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">liberal internationalist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-foreign-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a> He collaborated effectively with Republicans and sometimes went against elements of his own party.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-365-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a> During this time he met with at least 150 leaders from 60 countries and international organizations, becoming a well-known Democratic voice on foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> Biden voted against authorization for the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a> He became interested in the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> after hearing about <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a> abuses during the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-foreign-75">[73]</a> Once the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> broke out, Biden was among the first to call for the "<a href="/wiki/Lift_and_strike_(Bosnian_War)" title="Lift and strike (Bosnian War)">lift and strike</a>" policy.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-foreign-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-aap08-365-113">[111]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a> were both reluctant to implement the policy, fearing <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan</a> entanglement.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-foreign-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a> In April 1993, Biden had a tense three-hour meeting with Serbian leader <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-bosnia-116">[114]</a> Biden worked on several versions of legislative language urging the U.S. toward greater involvement.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-bosnia-116">[114]</a> He has called his role in affecting Balkan policy in the mid-1990s his "proudest moment in public life" related to foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a> In 1999, during the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a>, Biden supported the <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">1999 NATO bombing of FR Yugoslavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-foreign-75">[73]</a> He and Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> co-sponsored the McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on Clinton to use all necessary force, including ground troops, to confront Milošević over <a href="/wiki/FR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="FR Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> actions toward <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Albanians" title="Kosovo Albanians">Kosovo Albanians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj082508-117">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wars_in_Afghanistan_and_Iraq">Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2344" data-file-height="1686"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg" data-alt="refer to caption" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_addresses_the_press_after_having_a_brief_meeting_with_Iraq%27s_interim_Prime_Minister_lyad_Allawi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden addresses the press after meeting with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi">Ayad Allawi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> in 2004.</figcaption></figure> Biden was a strong supporter of the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a>, saying, "Whatever it takes, we should do it."<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he said in 2002 that Iraqi president <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> was a threat to national security and there was no other option than to "eliminate" that threat.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> In October 2002, he voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq</a>, approving the <a href="/wiki/U.S._invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. invasion of Iraq">U.S. invasion of Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a> As chair of the committee, he assembled witnesses to testify in favor of the authorization. They gave testimony grossly misrepresenting the intent, history, and status of Saddam and his government, and touted Iraq's fictional possession of <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Biden eventually became a critic of the war and called his role a "mistake", but did not push for withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-bosnia-116">[114]</a> He supported the appropriations for the occupation, but argued that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American people" about its cost and length.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-365-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj082508-117">[115]</a> By late 2006, Biden's stance had shifted considerably. He opposed the <a href="/wiki/Troop_surge_of_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Troop surge of 2007">troop surge of 2007</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lat-foreign-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-bosnia-116">[114]</a> saying General <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a> was "dead, flat wrong" in believing the surge could work.<a href="#cite_note-nytm-traub-121">[119]</a> Biden instead advocated dividing Iraq into a loose <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federation</a> of three ethnic states.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover2010572%E2%80%93573-123">[121]</a> In September 2007, a non-binding resolution endorsing the plan passed the Senate,<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> but the idea failed to gain traction.<a href="#cite_note-nytm-traub-121">[119]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="1988_and_2008_presidential_campaigns">1988 and 2008 presidential campaigns</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1988_campaign">1988 campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event,_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event%2C_1987.jpg/170px-Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event%2C_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="388"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 216px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event%2C_1987.jpg/170px-Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event%2C_1987.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="216" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event%2C_1987.jpg/255px-Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event%2C_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Joe_Biden_speaks_at_a_presidential_campaign_event%2C_1987.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden speaks at a campaign event, 1987</figcaption></figure> Biden declared his candidacy for the <a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1988 Democratic presidential nomination</a> on June 9, 1987.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> He was considered a strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination">Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination</a> hearings, and his appeal to <a href="/wiki/Baby_Boomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby Boomer">Baby Boomers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dmn-87-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt083187-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor199083-127">[125]</a> He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than any other candidate.<a href="#cite_note-nyt083187-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor199083-127">[125]</a> By August, Biden's campaign messaging had become confused due to staff rivalries,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1990108%E2%80%93109-128">[126]</a> and in September, he was accused of <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarizing</a> a speech by <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">British Labour Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> Biden had credited Kinnock on previous occasions,<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-lat-speech-131">[129]</a> but did not on two occasions in August.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a>: 230–232 <a href="#cite_note-lat-speech-131">[129]</a> Earlier that year, Biden had also used passages from a speech by <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (for which his aides took blame) and <a href="/wiki/Inaugural_address_of_John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inaugural address of John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy's inaugural address</a>; two years earlier he had used a 1976 passage by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Biden responded that politicians often borrow from one another without giving credit, and that one of his rivals for the nomination, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>, had called him to point out that he (Jackson) had used the same material by Humphrey that Biden had used.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-bio-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt091887-24">[22]</a> A few days later, it was publicized that, while in law school, Biden had taken text from a <a href="/wiki/Fordham_Law_Review" title="Fordham Law Review">Fordham Law Review</a> article with inadequate citations.<a href="#cite_note-nyt091887-24">[22]</a> At Biden's request the Delaware Supreme Court's Board of Professional Responsibility reviewed the incident and concluded that he had violated no rules.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> Biden has made several false or exaggerated claims about his early life: that he had earned three degrees in college, that he attended law school on a full scholarship, that he had graduated in the top half of his class,<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> and that he had marched in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> The limited amount of other news about the presidential race amplified these disclosures<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> and on September 23, 1987, Biden withdrew his candidacy.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_campaign">2008 campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden, casually dressed, talking with a citizen in a garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg/220px-Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg/220px-Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden, casually dressed, talking with a citizen in a garden" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg/330px-Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg/440px-Sen._Joe_Biden_attends_a_Creston_house_party.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden campaigns at a house party in <a href="/wiki/Creston,_Iowa" title="Creston, Iowa">Creston, Iowa</a>, July 2007.</figcaption></figure> After exploring running in several previous cycles, in January 2007, Biden declared <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">his candidacy in the 2008 elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-366-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> Biden focused on the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, his record as chairman of major Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> Biden was noted for his <a href="/wiki/One-line_joke" title="One-line joke">one-liners</a> during the campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>, "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Cultural influence of the September 11 attacks">9/11</a>."<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> He never rose above single digits in <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_Democratic_Party_2008_presidential_candidates" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2008 presidential candidates">national polls of the Democratic candidates</a>. In the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_caucuses,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2008">Iowa caucuses</a>, garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> He withdrew from the race that evening.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Despite its lack of success, Biden's 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political world.<a href="#cite_note-gamechange-147">[145]</a>: 336 In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although they had served together on the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Foreign Relations Committee">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a>, they had not been close: Biden resented Obama's quick rise to political stardom,<a href="#cite_note-nytm-traub-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe2009218-148">[146]</a> while Obama viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing.<a href="#cite_note-gamechange-147">[145]</a>: 28, 337–338 Having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaign style and appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was "the real deal".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe2009218-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-gamechange-147">[145]</a>: 28, 337–338 </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="2008_and_2012_vice_presidential_campaigns">2008 and 2012 vice presidential campaigns</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_campaign_2">2008 campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden_Obama_3b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden outdoors behind a lectern, with Obama seated behind him and smiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Biden_Obama_3b.jpg/220px-Biden_Obama_3b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4033" data-file-height="2803"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Biden_Obama_3b.jpg/220px-Biden_Obama_3b.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden outdoors behind a lectern, with Obama seated behind him and smiling" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Biden_Obama_3b.jpg/330px-Biden_Obama_3b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Biden_Obama_3b.jpg/440px-Biden_Obama_3b.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden speaks at the August 23, 2008, vice presidential announcement at the <a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Old State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield, Illinois</a>.</figcaption></figure> In August 2008, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility of a place for Biden in the Obama administration,<a href="#cite_note-ny-lizza-149">[147]</a> and developed a strong personal rapport.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe2009218-148">[146]</a> On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> The New York Times reported that the choice reflected a desire for someone with <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> experience.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> Others pointed out Biden's appeal to middle-class and <a href="/wiki/Blue-collar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-collar">blue-collar</a> voters.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolffe2009217-153">[151]</a> Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media attention, as the press devoted far more coverage to the Republican nominee, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Alaska">Alaska governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-no2-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> Privately, Biden's remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?", he asked.<a href="#cite_note-gamechange-147">[145]</a>: 411–414, 419 Obama campaign staffers called Biden's blunders "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which irked Biden.<a href="#cite_note-nyt0508122-159">[157]</a> Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.<a href="#cite_note-gamechange-147">[145]</a>: 411–414 As the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a> reached a peak in September 2008, and the proposed <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008</a> became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted for the $700 billion <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008</a>, which passed in the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> On October 2, he participated in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">vice-presidential debate</a> with Palin at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had still won the debate overall.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover2010655%E2%80%93661-161">[159]</a> On November 4, Obama and Biden <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">were elected</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> As Biden was running for vice president, he was also running for reelection to the Senate,<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> as permitted by Delaware law.<a href="#cite_note-aap08-366-68">[66]</a> Having been <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">reelected</a> to the Senate as well as the vice presidency,<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> Biden made a point of not resigning from the Senate before he was sworn in for his seventh term in January 2009.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> He <a href="/wiki/Resignation_from_the_United_States_Senate" title="Resignation from the United States Senate">resigned from the Senate</a> on January 15.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_campaign">2012 campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign</a></div> In October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nyt1013102-170">[168]</a> but with Obama's popularity on the decline, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">William M. Daley</a> conducted some secret polling and focus group research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden with Hillary Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-dd-replace-171">[169]</a> The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-dd-replace-171">[169]</a> and White House officials later said Obama himself never entertained the idea.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama's position, which had been described as "evolving".<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama and his aides were irked, since Obama had planned to shift position in the build-up to the party convention.<a href="#cite_note-nyt0508122-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-ap051012-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden's statement,<a href="#cite_note-ap051012-174">[172]</a> and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden's remarks.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> Biden had a heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012">reelection campaign</a> began in earnest in spring 2012.<a href="#cite_note-time-be-joe-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-mo-178">[176]</a> An August 2012 remark before a mixed-race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would "put y'all back in chains" again drew attention to Biden's propensity for colorful remarks.<a href="#cite_note-time-be-joe-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg/220px-P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg/220px-P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg/330px-P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg/440px-P101112ps-488_Air_Force_One_Obama_watches_VP_debate.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Obama watching Biden debate Paul Ryan in the vice-presidential debate on <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a></figcaption></figure> Following the first presidential debate of the general election, in which President Obama's performance was considered surprisingly lackluster,<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> his lead over Romney collapsed,<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> putting pressure on Biden to stop the bleeding with a strong showing against the Republican vice-presidential nominee, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> Some political analysts considered Biden's performance in the October 11 vice-presidential debate one of the best of his career<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> and a key factor in Obama's rebound in the polls and eventual victory.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> The debate also became memorable for the popularization of Biden's use of the phrase "a bunch of malarkey" in response to an attack by Ryan on the administration's response to the September 11, 2012, attacks on the U.S. embassy in <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> Biden reused the phrase during his 2020 presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> On November 6, Obama and Biden were reelected.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Vice_presidency_(2009–2017)">Vice presidency (2009–2017)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency of Barack Obama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term_(2009–2013)">First term (2009–2013)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration of Barack Obama</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden raising his right hand, reciting the Oath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1675" data-file-height="1117"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden raising his right hand, reciting the Oath" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_sworn_in_1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a> on January 20, 2009</figcaption></figure> Biden said he intended to eliminate some explicit roles assumed by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s vice president, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, and did not intend to emulate any previous vice presidency.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> He was sworn in on January 20, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> He was the first vice president from Delaware<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> vice president.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Biden visited <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> in May and affirmed the U.S. position that its "independence is irreversible".<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> about <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">sending 21,000 new troops to Afghanistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> but his skepticism was valued,<a href="#cite_note-pol091609-201">[199]</a> and in 2009, Biden's views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy.<a href="#cite_note-nw-cov-1010092-202">[200]</a> Biden visited Iraq about every two months,<a href="#cite_note-nytm-traub-121">[119]</a> becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress there.<a href="#cite_note-pol091609-201">[199]</a> More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden's responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-time-mo-178">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> Biden oversaw <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009#Infrastructure_investment" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package</a> intended to help counteract the <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">ongoing recession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> When he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> Biden's off-message response to a question in April 2009, during the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 flu pandemic">swine flu outbreak</a>, led to a swift retraction by the White House.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> The remark revived Biden's reputation for <a href="/wiki/Political_gaffe" title="Political gaffe">gaffes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-nw-cov-1010092-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was", but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Hot_mic" title="Hot mic">hot mic</a> picked up Biden telling Obama that his signing the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> was "a big fucking deal" on March 23, 2010. Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's granddaughter Maisy, who attended <a href="/wiki/Sidwell_Friends_School" title="Sidwell Friends School">Sidwell Friends School</a> together.<a href="#cite_note-nyt0508122-159">[157]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_and_Vice_President_Joe_Biden_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office_following_a_phone_call_with_House_Speaker_John_Boehner_securing_a_bipartisan_deal_to_reduce_the_nation%27s_deficit_and_avoid_default.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Obama and Biden shaking hands in the Oval Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/President_Barack_Obama_and_Vice_President_Joe_Biden_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office_following_a_phone_call_with_House_Speaker_John_Boehner_securing_a_bipartisan_deal_to_reduce_the_nation%27s_deficit_and_avoid_default.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/President_Barack_Obama_and_Vice_President_Joe_Biden_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office_following_a_phone_call_with_House_Speaker_John_Boehner_securing_a_bipartisan_deal_to_reduce_the_nation%27s_deficit_and_avoid_default.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Obama and Biden shaking hands in the Oval Office" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/President_Barack_Obama_and_Vice_President_Joe_Biden_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office_following_a_phone_call_with_House_Speaker_John_Boehner_securing_a_bipartisan_deal_to_reduce_the_nation%27s_deficit_and_avoid_default.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/President_Barack_Obama_and_Vice_President_Joe_Biden_shake_hands_in_the_Oval_Office_following_a_phone_call_with_House_Speaker_John_Boehner_securing_a_bipartisan_deal_to_reduce_the_nation%27s_deficit_and_avoid_default.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>President Obama congratulates Biden for his role in shaping the <a href="/wiki/United_States_debt_ceiling" title="United States debt ceiling">debt ceiling</a> deal which led to the <a href="/wiki/Budget_Control_Act_of_2011" title="Budget Control Act of 2011">Budget Control Act of 2011</a>.</figcaption></figure> Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-2-211">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a>, White House chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter <a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">groupthink</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt032809-212">[210]</a> The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their <a href="/wiki/Number_One_Observatory_Circle" title="Number One Observatory Circle">official residence</a> in Washington, often entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 2010">2010 midterm elections</a>, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party.<a href="#cite_note-nyt1013102-170">[168]</a> Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important.<a href="#cite_note-pol1209102-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt1211102-215">[213]</a> He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the <a href="/wiki/New_START_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="New START treaty">New START treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pol1209102-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt1211102-215">[213]</a> In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a>, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that included a temporary <a href="/wiki/Extension_of_the_Bush_tax_cuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Extension of the Bush tax cuts">extension of the Bush tax cuts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt1211102-215">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> The package passed as the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Relief,_Unemployment_Insurance_Reauthorization,_and_Job_Creation_Act_of_2010" title="Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010">Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Obama, Biden, and national security staffers in the Situation Room, somberly listening to updates on the bin Laden raid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg/220px-Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg/220px-Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Obama, Biden, and national security staffers in the Situation Room, somberly listening to updates on the bin Laden raid" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg/330px-Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg/440px-Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden, Obama and the national security team gathered in the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Situation_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Situation Room">White House Situation Room</a> to monitor the progress of the May 2011 <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">mission</a> to kill <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>.</figcaption></figure> Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations with Congress in March 2011 to resolve federal spending levels and avoid a government shutdown.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011">U.S. debt ceiling crisis</a> developed over the next few months, but Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved key in bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Budget_Control_Act_of_2011" title="Budget Control Act of 2011">Budget Control Act of 2011</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> Some reports suggest that Biden opposed proceeding with the May 2011 <a href="/wiki/U.S._mission_to_kill_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden">U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden</a>,<a href="#cite_note-time-mo-178">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> lest failure adversely affect Obama's reelection prospects.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> Obama named Biden to head the <a href="/wiki/Gun_Violence_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Violence Task Force">Gun Violence Task Force</a>, created to address the causes of <a href="/wiki/School_shooting" title="School shooting">school shootings</a> and consider possible <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> measures in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting" title="Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting">Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting</a>, in December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the "<a href="/wiki/United_States_fiscal_cliff" title="United States fiscal cliff">fiscal cliff</a>", Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the <a href="/wiki/American_Taxpayer_Relief_Act_of_2012" title="American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012">American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012</a> being passed at the start of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-ap-cliff-226">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term_(2013–2017)">Second term (2013–2017)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Second inauguration of Barack Obama</a></div> Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Number_One_Observatory_Circle" title="Number One Observatory Circle">Number One Observatory Circle</a>, his official residence, with Justice <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a> presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21).<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> He played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Appropriations_Act,_2014" title="Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014">Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014</a>, which resolved the <a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2013 United States federal government shutdown">federal government shutdown of 2013</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis_of_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2013">debt-ceiling crisis of 2013</a>. Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a> and other Democratic leaders cut him out of direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg/220px-Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg/220px-Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg/330px-Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg/440px-Joe_and_Jill_Biden_arrive_in_Morocco_-_2014-11-20.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, November 2014</figcaption></figure> Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Council_on_Women_and_Girls" title="White House Council on Women and Girls">White House Council on Women and Girls</a>, begun in the first term, as well as the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a>, begun in January 2014 with Biden and <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett" title="Valerie Jarrett">Valerie Jarrett</a> as co-chairs.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> He talked about sexual violence while introducing <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> at the <a href="/wiki/88th_Academy_Awards" title="88th Academy Awards">88th Academy Awards</a> in 2016, receiving a <a href="/wiki/Standing_ovation" title="Standing ovation">standing ovation</a> from the audience.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_(25554709411).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden and Netanyahu giving speeches, with American and Israeli flags in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg/220px-Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg/220px-Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden and Netanyahu giving speeches, with American and Israeli flags in the background" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg/330px-Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg/440px-Vice_President_Joe_Biden_visit_to_Israel_March_2016_%2825554709411%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden with Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, March 9, 2016</figcaption></figure> Biden favored arming <a href="/wiki/Timber_Sycamore" title="Timber Sycamore">Syria's rebel fighters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a> <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">insurgency in Iraq</a> intensified in 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> He had close relationships with several Latin American leaders and visited the region 16 times during his vice presidency, the most of any president or vice president.<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> In August 2016, Biden visited <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, where he met with the Serbian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a> and expressed condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign during the Kosovo War.<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> Biden never <a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by vice presidents of the United States">cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate</a>, making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Role_in_the_2016_presidential_campaign">Role in the 2016 presidential campaign</h4></div> During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a bid for the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016 Democratic presidential nomination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Itkowitz1-240">[238]</a> With his family, friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>'s favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to be seriously considering the prospect and a "<a href="/wiki/Draft_(politics)" title="Draft (politics)">Draft</a> Biden 2016" <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">PAC</a> was established.<a href="#cite_note-Itkowitz1-240">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> By late 2015, Biden was still uncertain about running. He felt his son Beau's recent death had largely drained his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a right ... to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are."<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> On October 21, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Post-vice_presidency_(2017–2021)">Post-vice presidency (2017–2021)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Trump speaking to Biden and Obama, with Trump's hand on Obama's shoulder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/220px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3863" data-file-height="2576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/220px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Trump speaking to Biden and Obama, with Trump's hand on Obama's shoulder" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/330px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/440px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden with <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, at the latter's <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a> on January 20, 2017</figcaption></figure> After leaving the vice presidency, Biden became an honorary professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, developing the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Biden_Center_for_Diplomacy_and_Global_Engagement" title="Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement">Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement</a>. Biden remained in that position into 2019.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> In 2017, Biden wrote a memoir, <a href="/wiki/Promise_Me,_Dad" title="Promise Me, Dad">Promise Me, Dad</a>, and went on a book tour.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> By 2019, he and his wife reported that they had earned over $15 million since the end of his vice presidency from speaking engagements and book sales.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> Biden remained in the public eye, endorsing candidates while continuing to comment on politics, climate change, and the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">presidency of Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-foreign-policy2-252">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> He also continued to speak out in favor of LGBT rights, continuing advocacy on an issue he had become more closely associated with during his vice presidency.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> In 2018, he gave a eulogy for Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> Biden continued to support <a href="/wiki/Cancer_research" title="Cancer research">cancer research</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="2020_presidential_campaign">2020 presidential campaign</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speculation_and_announcement">Speculation and announcement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden9_(32932624647).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden raising his fist while while standing behind a lectern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg/220px-Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4506" data-file-height="2984"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg/220px-Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden raising his fist while while standing behind a lectern" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg/330px-Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg/440px-Biden9_%2832932624647%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden at his presidential kickoff rally in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, May 2019</figcaption></figure> Between 2016 and 2019, media outlets often mentioned Biden as a likely candidate for president in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> When asked if he would run, he gave varied and ambivalent answers, saying "never say never".<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Time_for_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Time for Biden">Time for Biden</a> was formed in January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> Biden launched his campaign on April 25, 2019,<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> saying he was worried by the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> and felt a "sense of duty".<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign">Campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">2020 United States presidential debates</a></div> As the 2020 campaign season heated up, public polling showed Biden as one of the best-performing Democratic candidates head-to-head against Trump.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a> With Democrats keenly focused on "electability" for defeating Trump,<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> this boosted his popularity among Democratic voters.<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> It also made Biden a frequent target of Trump.<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a> In September 2019, it was reported that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> to investigate <a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">alleged wrongdoing</a> by Biden and his son <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> No evidence was produced of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> Trump was perceived by many as attempting to hurt Biden's chances of winning the presidency,<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> resulting in <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">a political scandal</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">Trump's impeachment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> In March 2019 and April 2019, eight women accused Biden of inappropriate physical contact, such as embracing, touching or kissing.<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> Biden had previously called himself a "tactile politician" and admitted this behavior had caused trouble for him.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bowden" title="Mark Bowden">Mark Bowden</a> described Biden's lifelong habit of talking close, writing that he "doesn't just meet you, he engulfs you... scooting closer" and leaning forward to talk.<a href="#cite_note-The_Atlantic-279">[277]</a> In April 2019, Biden pledged to be more "respectful of people's personal space".<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden holding a microphone, with a crowd in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6051" data-file-height="4034"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden holding a microphone, with a crowd in the background" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_Rally_at_Hiatt_Middle_School_-_49480899101.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden at a rally on the eve of the Iowa caucuses, February 2020</figcaption></figure> Throughout 2019, Biden stayed generally ahead of other Democrats in national polls.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> Despite this, he finished fourth in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Iowa_caucuses" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a> and fifth in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_presidential_primary" title="New Hampshire presidential primary">New Hampshire primary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> He performed better in the <a href="/wiki/Nevada_presidential_caucuses" title="Nevada presidential caucuses">Nevada caucuses</a>, reaching the 15% required for delegates, but still finished 21.6 percentage points behind <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign">Bernie Sanders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> Making strong appeals to Black voters on the campaign trail and in the South Carolina debate, Biden won the <a href="/wiki/2020_South_Carolina_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 South Carolina Democratic primary">South Carolina primary</a> by more than 28 points.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> After the withdrawals and subsequent endorsements of candidates <a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a>, he made large gains in the <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a> primaries. Biden won <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">18 of the next 26 contests</a>, putting him in the lead.<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> Elizabeth Warren and Mike Bloomberg soon dropped out, and Biden expanded his lead with victories over Sanders in four states on March 10.<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> In late March 2020, Tara Reade, one of the eight women who in 2019 had accused Biden of inappropriate physical contact, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">accused</a> Biden of having sexually assaulted her in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-nytimesallegations-289">[287]</a> There were inconsistencies between Reade's 2019 and 2020 allegations.<a href="#cite_note-nytimesallegations-289">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> Biden and his campaign denied the sexual assault allegation.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> When Sanders suspended his campaign on April 8, 2020, Biden became the Democratic Party's <a href="/wiki/Presumptive_nominee" class="mw-redirect" title="Presumptive nominee">presumptive nominee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a> On April 13, Sanders endorsed Biden.<a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> endorsed Biden the next day.<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> On August 11, Biden announced U.S. senator <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> as his running mate, making her the first African American and first <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian American">South Asian American</a> vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> On August 18, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 Democratic National Convention</a>, Biden officially became the Democratic Party nominee for president in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_transition">Presidential transition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Presidential transition of Joe Biden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege2020.svg/290px-ElectoralCollege2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 169px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege2020.svg/290px-ElectoralCollege2020.svg.png" data-width="290" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege2020.svg/435px-ElectoralCollege2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ElectoralCollege2020.svg/580px-ElectoralCollege2020.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>2020 electoral vote results. Biden won 306–232</figcaption></figure> Biden was <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">elected</a> the 46th president in November 2020, defeating the incumbent, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>. Trump refused to concede, insisting the election had been "stolen" through "voter fraud", challenging the results in court and promoting numerous <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a> about the voting and vote-counting processes, in an attempt to <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">overturn the election results</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> Biden's transition was delayed by several weeks as the White House ordered federal agencies not to cooperate.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> On November 23, <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administrator</a> <a href="/wiki/Emily_W._Murphy" title="Emily W. Murphy">Emily W. Murphy</a> formally recognized Biden as the apparent winner of the 2020 election and authorized the start of a transition process to the Biden administration.<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> On January 6, 2021, during Congress's <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">electoral vote count</a>, Trump told supporters gathered in front of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> to march to the Capitol and refused to concede.<a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> Soon after, some of his supporters <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">attacked the Capitol</a>. During the attack, Biden addressed the nation, calling the events "an unprecedented assault unlike anything we've seen in modern times".<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> After the Capitol was cleared, Congress officially certified the election results with Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>, in his capacity as President of the Senate, declaring Biden and Harris the winners.<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Presidency_(2021–2025)">Presidency (2021–2025)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency of Joe Biden</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inauguration">Inauguration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration of Joe Biden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden raising his right hand, with his left hand placed on a thick Bible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png/220px-President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="495"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png/220px-President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png" data-alt="Photo of Biden raising his right hand, with his left hand placed on a thick Bible" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png/330px-President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png/440px-President_Biden_taking_oath_of_office_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden takes <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Oath of office of the President of the United States">the oath of office</a> administered by <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John G. Roberts Jr.</a> at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">the Capitol</a>, January 20, 2021.</figcaption></figure> Biden was inaugurated as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-hunnicutt-306">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> At 78, he was the oldest person to have assumed the office.<a href="#cite_note-hunnicutt-306">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> He is the second <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> president (after <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>)<a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> and the first president whose home state is <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> He is also the first man since <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> to have been both vice president and president, and the second non-incumbent vice president (after <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>) to be elected president.<a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> He is also the first and only president to date from the <a href="/wiki/Silent_Generation" title="Silent Generation">Silent Generation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> Biden's inauguration was "a muted affair unlike any previous inauguration" due to COVID-19 precautions as well as massively increased security measures because of the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a>. Trump did not attend, becoming the first outgoing president since <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="First inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant">1869</a> to not attend his successor's inauguration.<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_100_days">First 100 days</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Joe_Biden%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Joe Biden's presidency">First 100 days of Joe Biden's presidency</a></div> In his first two days as president, Biden signed 17 executive orders. By his third day, orders had included rejoining the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Climate_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Climate Agreement">Paris Climate Agreement</a>, ending the state of national emergency at the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">border with Mexico</a>, directing the government to rejoin the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/100_Days_Masking_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="100 Days Masking Challenge">face mask requirements</a> on <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">federal property</a>, measures to combat <a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunger in the United States">hunger in the United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a> and revoking permits for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_XL_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL pipeline">Keystone XL pipeline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Group photo of Biden, Harris and cabinet members standing outdoors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1835"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/220px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg" data-alt="Group photo of Biden, Harris and cabinet members standing outdoors" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/330px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg/440px-Cabinet_members_of_Joe_Biden.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden with <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">his Cabinet</a>, July 2021</figcaption></figure> On March 11, Biden signed into law the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a>, a $1.9 trillion <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">economic stimulus</a> and relief package that he had proposed to support the United States' recovery from the <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic</a> and health effects of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> The package included direct payments to most Americans, an extension of increased unemployment benefits, funds for vaccine distribution and school reopenings, and expansions of health insurance subsidies and the <a href="/wiki/Child_tax_credit_(United_States)" title="Child tax credit (United States)">child tax credit</a>. Biden's initial proposal included an increase of the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">federal minimum wage</a> to $15 per hour, but after the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Parliamentarian of the United States Senate">Senate parliamentarian</a> determined that including the increase in a <a href="/wiki/Budget_reconciliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget reconciliation">budget reconciliation</a> bill would violate Senate rules, Democrats removed it.<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> Also in March, amid <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">a rise in migrants entering the U.S. from Mexico</a>, Biden said migrant adults were "being sent back", in reference to the continuation of the Trump administration's Title 42 policy for quick deportations.<a href="#cite_note-327">[325]</a> He earlier announced that his administration would not deport unaccompanied migrant children; the rise in arrivals of such children exceeded the capacity of facilities meant to shelter them, leading the Biden administration in March to direct the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> to help.<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a> On April 14, Biden announced that the United States <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">would delay the withdrawal of all troops</a> from the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">war in Afghanistan</a> until September 11, signaling an end to the country's direct military involvement in Afghanistan after nearly 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-329">[327]</a> In February 2020, the Trump administration had <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">made a deal</a> with the Taliban to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-images-330">[328]</a> Biden's decision met with a range of reactions, from support and relief to trepidation at the possible collapse of the Afghan government without American support.<a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a> On April 22–23, Biden held an <a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders%27_Climate_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Leaders' Climate Summit">international climate summit</a> at which he announced that the U.S. would cut its <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> by 50%–52% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.<a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a> On April 28, the eve of his 100th day in office, Biden delivered his <a href="/wiki/2021_Joe_Biden_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2021 Joe Biden speech to a joint session of Congress">first address to a joint session of Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> On June 17, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Juneteenth National Independence Day Act">Juneteenth National Independence Day Act</a>, which officially declared <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> a <a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">federal holiday</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a> In July 2021, amid a slowing of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the country</a> and the spread of the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant</a>, Biden said that it was "gigantically important" for Americans to be vaccinated.<a href="#cite_note-336">[334]</a> In 2022, Biden endorsed a change to the <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">Senate filibuster</a> to allow for the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_Vote_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom to Vote Act">Freedom to Vote Act</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Voting_Rights_Act" title="John Lewis Voting Rights Act">John Lewis Voting Rights Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a> The rules change failed when two Democratic senators joined Senate Republicans in opposing it.<a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> In April 2022, Biden signed into law the bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Reform_Act_of_2022" title="Postal Service Reform Act of 2022">Postal Service Reform Act of 2022</a> to revamp the finances and operations of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> agency.<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a> Biden supported the <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a> aimed to address gun reform issues following the <a href="/wiki/Robb_Elementary_School_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Robb Elementary School shooting">Robb Elementary School shooting</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uvalde,_Texas" title="Uvalde, Texas">Uvalde, Texas</a>;<a href="#cite_note-340">[338]</a> he signed the bill on June 25, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">Honoring our PACT Act of 2022</a> was introduced in 2021 and signed into law by Biden on August 10, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-342">[340]</a> The act intends to significantly improve healthcare access and funding for veterans who were exposed to toxic substances, including <a href="/wiki/Burn_pits" class="mw-redirect" title="Burn pits">burn pits</a>, during military service.<a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> In 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>, which repealed the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a> and requires the federal government to recognize the validity of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Interracial marriage in the United States">interracial</a> marriages.<a href="#cite_note-344">[342]</a> In June 2024, Biden issued an executive action offering amnesty to unauthorized immigrants married to American citizens. The program included a pathway to U.S. residency and citizenship and was expected to initially affect about 500,000 people. It was later struck down due to a lack of legislation empowering the president to enact the program.<a href="#cite_note-345">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[344]</a> In January 2025, Biden declared the lapsed <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a> ratified as the "28th Amendment" to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">constitution</a>. The declaration has no formal effect<a href="#cite_note-Stokols-347">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives of the United States">National Archives</a> has said it does not intend to certify the amendment as part of the constitution, citing "established legal, judicial, and procedural decisions".<a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy">Economy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inflation_rate,_United_States_and_eurozone,_January_2018_through_November_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png/310px-Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1711" data-file-height="723"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 131px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png/310px-Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png" data-width="310" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png/465px-Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png/620px-Inflation_rate%2C_United_States_and_eurozone%2C_January_2018_through_November_2024.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Inflation rate, United States and eurozone, January 2018 through November 2024</figcaption></figure> Biden entered office nine months into a recovery from the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a> and his first year in office was characterized by robust growth in real GDP, employment, wages, and stock market returns, amid <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 inflation surge">significantly elevated inflation</a>. Real GDP grew 5.9%, the fastest rate in 37 years.<a href="#cite_note-350">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a> Amid record job creation, the unemployment rate fell at the fastest pace on record during the year.<a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> By the end of 2021, inflation rates measured by the consumer price index (CPI) reached a nearly 40-year high of 7.1%, which was partially offset by the highest nominal wage and salary growth in at least 20 years. The inflation rate peaked at 9% in June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-chartingecon-355">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[357]</a> The inflation rate reached 2.9% and core inflation rate reached 3.2% on an annual basis in December 2024, the last full month of Biden's term. Between December 2020 and December 2024, CPI rose 21.3% overall, with an annualized inflation rate of 5.3% throughout Biden's term in office. The inflation rate remained above the Federal Reserve's 2% target every month since March 2021, resulting in elevated interest rates to combat inflation. Average wages increased 19% throughout Biden's presidency, falling behind inflation. The unemployment rate declined by over 2% and real GDP grew 11% during Biden's term. Total household net worth increased by 28%, largely driven by stocks and real estate. The national debt grew to $36.2 trillion, with a debt to GDP ratio of 123% and a deficit to GDP ratio of 6% in FY 2024.<a href="#cite_note-360">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-chartingecon-355">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[359]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png/290px-US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="732"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 158px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png/290px-US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png" data-width="290" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png/435px-US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png/580px-US_Uninsured_Under_Age_65.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Percentage of uninsured Americans under age 65 from 2010 to 2022. The number and percentage of those uninsured under Biden fell to their lowest levels since 1997.<a href="#cite_note-NCHS_H122-362">[360]</a></figcaption></figure> Amid a surge in <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge" title="2021–2023 inflation surge">inflation</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%93present_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–present global energy crisis">high gas prices</a>, Biden's approval ratings declined, with his disapproval rating surpassing his approval rating in early 2022.<a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[363]</a> After 5.9% growth in 2021, real GDP growth cooled in 2022 to 2.1%, after slightly negative growth in the first half spurred recession concerns. Job creation and consumer spending remained strong through the year, as the unemployment rate fell to match a 53-year low of 3.5% in December. Inflation peaked at 9.1% in June before easing to 3.2% by October 2023. Stocks had had their worst year since 2008<a href="#cite_note-366">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a> before recovering. Widespread predictions of an imminent recession did not materialize in 2022 or 2023, and by late 2023 indicators showed sharply lower inflation with economic acceleration. GDP growth hit 4.9% in the third quarter of 2023 and the year ended with stocks near record highs, with robust holiday spending.<a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[369]</a> Biden signed numerous major pieces of economic legislation in the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-372">[370]</a> He signed the CHIPS and Science Act into law on August 9, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-373">[371]</a> It provided billions of dollars in new funding to boost domestic research on and manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Semiconductors" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductors">semiconductors</a>, to <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Economic_relations" title="China–United States relations">compete economically with China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a> In his third month in office, Biden also signed an executive order to increase the minimum wage for federal contractors to $15 per hour, an increase of nearly 37%. The order went into effect for 390,000 workers in January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-375">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a> His administration rigorously enforced <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust law</a>, as seen by the work of <a href="/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan">Lina Khan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a>. In 2022, Biden blocked a <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_railroad_labor_dispute" title="2022 United States railroad labor dispute">national railroad strike</a> planned by multiple labor unions.<a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">United Auto Workers strike</a>, he expressed support for the workers in negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a> Biden joined striking UAW workers' <a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">picket line</a> in Michigan, becoming the first president to join a picket line.<a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a> He refused to block a <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_port_strike" title="2024 United States port strike">port strike</a> from the <a href="/wiki/International_Longshoremen%27s_Association" title="International Longshoremen's Association">International Longshoremen's Association</a> in October 2024.<a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a> Over the course of five days in March 2023, <a href="/wiki/2023_banking_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 banking crisis">three small- to mid-size U.S. banks failed</a>, triggering a sharp decline in global bank stock prices and swift response by regulators to prevent potential global <a href="/wiki/Financial_contagion" title="Financial contagion">contagion</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Silicon_Valley_Bank" title="Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank">Silicon Valley Bank collapsed</a>, the first to do so, Biden expressed opposition to a bailout by taxpayers.<a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> He claimed that the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Growth,_Regulatory_Relief,_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act">partial rollback</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd-Frank regulations</a> contributed to the bank's failure.<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th Congress</a>, Biden and congressional Republicans <a href="/wiki/2023_United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis" title="2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis">engaged in a standoff</a> after the U.S. hit its <a href="/wiki/United_States_debt_ceiling" title="United States debt ceiling">debt limit</a>, which raised the risk that the U.S. would <a href="/wiki/Default_(finance)" title="Default (finance)">default</a> on its debt.<a href="#cite_note-383">[381]</a> Biden and House speaker <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">Kevin McCarthy</a> struck a deal to raise the debt limit, the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</a>, which suspended the debt limit until January 2025. Biden signed it on June 3, averting a default.<a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a> The deal was generally seen as favorable to Biden.<a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> Biden extended the COVID-19 student loan pause through September 2023, with an "on ramp" period that extended some of the pause's protections against credit reporting, collection efforts, and late payment fees through September 30, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a> The Biden administration's attempts to implement student loan forgiveness and relief programs have faced legal challenges from a coalition of Republican-led states.<a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a> Biden's plans to forgive student loan debt were estimated to cost over $519 billion,<a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a> and some critics called them a "disaster".<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20220407AS-0337_(52068715434).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden and Jackson looking at an off-camera television screen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg/220px-P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg/220px-P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden and Jackson looking at an off-camera television screen" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg/330px-P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg/440px-P20220407AS-0337_%2852068715434%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden and <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> watching the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> vote on her confirmation, April 2022</figcaption></figure> By the end of 2021, 40 of his nominees to the federal judiciary had been confirmed, more than any president in his first year in office since <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> Biden has prioritized diversity in his judicial appointments more than any president in U.S. history, with most of his appointees being women and people of color.<a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> In January 2022, Supreme Court justice <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>, a moderate liberal nominated by Bill Clinton, announced his intention to retire from the Supreme Court. During his 2020 campaign, Biden vowed to nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme Court if a vacancy occurred,<a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> a promise he reiterated after Breyer announced his retirement.<a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a> On February 25, <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Biden nominated</a> federal judge <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> to the Supreme Court.<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a> She was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> on April 7<a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a> and sworn in on June 30.<a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> By the end of his presidency, Biden had appointed 235 judges, more appointments in a single term than any other president in at least 50 years. 63% of Biden's judges were women and 60% were non-white.<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a> Biden expressed interest in judicial <a href="/wiki/Term_limits_in_the_United_States#Federal_term_limits" title="Term limits in the United States">term limits</a> and a binding ethics code for Supreme Court justices.<a href="#cite_note-BidenSCOTUSreform-400">[398]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infrastructure_and_climate">Infrastructure and climate</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20211101AS-0357_(51846489866).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Phot of Biden, Johnson and Guterres standing onstage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg/220px-P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg/220px-P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg" data-alt="Phot of Biden, Johnson and Guterres standing onstage" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg/330px-P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg/440px-P20211101AS-0357_%2851846489866%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden, then UK prime minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> and UN secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> at the opening ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Climate Change conference">COP26 climate summit</a> in Glasgow on November 1, 2021</figcaption></figure> As part of Biden's Build Back Better agenda, in late March 2021, he proposed the <a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="American Jobs Plan">American Jobs Plan</a>, a $2 trillion package addressing issues including transport infrastructure, utilities infrastructure, broadband infrastructure, housing, schools, manufacturing, research and workforce development.<a href="#cite_note-401">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[400]</a> After months of negotiations among Biden and lawmakers, in August 2021 the Senate passed a $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill called the <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-403">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[402]</a> while the House, also in a bipartisan manner, approved that bill in early November 2021, covering infrastructure related to transport, utilities, and broadband.<a href="#cite_note-405">[403]</a> Biden signed the bill into law in mid-November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-406">[404]</a> The other core part of the Build Back Better agenda was the <a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>, a $3.5 trillion social spending bill that expands the <a href="/wiki/Social_safety_net" title="Social safety net">social safety net</a> and includes major provisions on climate change.<a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[406]</a> The bill did not have Republican support, so Democrats attempted to pass it on a <a href="/wiki/Party-line_vote" title="Party-line vote">party-line vote</a> through <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">budget reconciliation</a>, but struggled to win the support of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a>, even as the price was lowered to $2.2 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-409">[407]</a> After Manchin rejected the bill,<a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a> the Build Back Better Act's size was reduced. It was comprehensively reworked into the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a>, covering deficit reduction, climate change, healthcare, and tax reform.<a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a> was introduced by senators <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-412">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-413">[411]</a> The package aimed to raise $739 billion and authorize $370 billion in spending on energy and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, $300 billion in deficit reduction, three years of <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> subsidies, prescription drug reform to lower prices, and <a href="/wiki/Tax_reform" title="Tax reform">tax reform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-414">[412]</a> According to an analysis by the Rhodium Group, the bill will lower <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">U.S. greenhouse gas emissions</a> between 31 percent and 44 percent below 2005 levels by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-Joan-415">[413]</a> On August 7, 2022, the Senate passed the bill (as amended) on a 51–50 vote, with all Democrats voting in favor, all Republicans opposed, and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">breaking the tie</a>. The bill was passed by the House on August 12<a href="#cite_note-Joan-415">[413]</a> and was signed by Biden on August 16.<a href="#cite_note-416">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[415]</a> Before and during the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> (COP26), Biden promoted an agreement that the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> cut methane emissions by a third by 2030 and tried to add dozens of other countries to the effort.<a href="#cite_note-418">[416]</a> Biden pledged to double climate funding to developing countries by 2024.<a href="#cite_note-419">[417]</a> Also at COP26, the U.S. and China reached a deal on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The two countries are responsible for 40 percent of global emissions.<a href="#cite_note-420">[418]</a> In July 2023, when the <a href="/wiki/2023_heat_waves" title="2023 heat waves">2023 heat waves</a> <a href="/wiki/2023_Western_North_America_heat_wave" title="2023 Western North America heat wave">hit the U.S.</a>, Biden announced several measures to protect the population and said the heat waves were linked to climate change.<a href="#cite_note-421">[419]</a><a href="#cite_note-422">[420]</a> In April 2024, he unveiled a plan to protect and restore natural water sources (3.2 million hectares of <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a> and 161,000 km of <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stream" title="Stream">streams</a>).<a href="#cite_note-423">[421]</a> Biden protected 674 million acres of land and ocean (an area at least four times larger than Texas) from natural resource exploitation, more than any other president. The vast majority of the conservation came from a ban on offshore drilling in 625 million acres of ocean.<a href="#cite_note-424">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[423]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration">Immigration</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/220px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/220px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/330px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/440px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Yearly numbers of illegal immigrants apprehended at the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">U.S. southern border</a></figcaption></figure> Illegal border crossings at the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> began to surge in 2021 when Biden assumed office,<a href="#cite_note-426">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[427]</a> following a pandemic-era lull, amid a global rise in migration. From 2021 to 2023, they increased to record highs, reaching an all-time monthly high in December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-430">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[429]</a> Throughout 2024, crossings began to significantly decline from the December record, after Biden implemented restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States" title="Asylum in the United States">asylum</a> claims from migrants who cross the border between ports of entry and urged Mexico to crack down on migrants.<a href="#cite_note-432">[430]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[432]</a> The United States also increased its deportations in the last year of Biden's presidency. Deportations from October 2023 to September 2024 reached the highest level since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-435">[433]</a> Biden used <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_parole" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian parole">humanitarian parole</a> to an unprecedented degree to mitigate illegal border crossings, allowing migrants to fly into the U.S. or schedule their entries through official entry points in the U.S.-Mexico border. Over a million migrants had been admitted to the U.S. under humanitarian parole as of January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-436">[434]</a><a href="#cite_note-437">[435]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[436]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_at_the_Mexico_border_2023-01-08.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden visiting border patrol agents at the U.S. southern border, January 2023</figcaption></figure> In January 2024, Biden expressed support for a proposed bipartisan immigration deal led by Senators <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">James Lankford</a>. He had previously supported the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_Act_of_2021" title="U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021">U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021</a>, which he proposed on his first day in office.<a href="#cite_note-439">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-440">[438]</a> The proposed bipartisan bill would have allowed <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">DHS</a> to close the border when encounters reach a seven-day average of 5,000 or exceed 8,500 in a single day.<a href="#cite_note-441">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[440]</a> In addition, the bill would have mandated the detention of migrants seeking asylum and undergoing asylum interviews, with those failing the process repatriated to their home countries.<a href="#cite_note-443">[441]</a> While not addressing the status of "<a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals" title="Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals">Dreamers</a>", it would have changed immigration law to allow the children of those with <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visas" class="mw-redirect" title="H-1B visas">H-1B visas</a> to get work authorizations and freeze their legal ages while waiting for green cards, rather than face deportation once they turn 21, and provide additional funding for immigration judges.<a href="#cite_note-444">[442]</a> In late January, former president Donald Trump announced his opposition to the legislation, calling on Congressional Republicans to oppose it; subsequently, leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> announced their opposition, halting further legislative action.<a href="#cite_note-445">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[444]</a> As a result of continued high immigration levels throughout his tenure, some lawmakers and pundits have criticized Biden's handling of the southern border.<a href="#cite_note-447">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-448">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[447]</a> Criticism of the bill and broader immigration policy continued to be expressed by both sides, with some liberals considering his policies too harsh while some conservatives considered them too lax.<a href="#cite_note-450">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-451">[449]</a> On January 17, 2024, a Republican-led non-binding resolution denouncing the Biden-Harris administration's handling of the U.S. southern border passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 225–187, with 211 Republicans and 14 Democrats supporting it.<a href="#cite_note-452">[450]</a> In the final year of his presidency, the Biden administration worked to extend at least 14 contracts with private prison companies to run immigrant detention centers, despite his 2020 campaign promise to end the practice.<a href="#cite_note-453">[451]</a> In June 2024, Biden issued an <a href="/wiki/A_Proclamation_on_Securing_the_Border" title="A Proclamation on Securing the Border">executive order</a> allowing the president to restrict the Mexico–U.S. border.<a href="#cite_note-454">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[453]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pardons_and_commutations">Pardons and commutations</h4></div> Biden issued more individual pardons and commutations than any other president.<a href="#cite_note-APpardons-456">[454]</a> On October 6, 2022, he pardoned all Americans convicted of "small" amounts of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> possession under federal law.<a href="#cite_note-457">[455]</a> On December 22, 2023, he pardoned Americans for cannabis use or possession on federal lands regardless of whether they had been charged or prosecuted.<a href="#cite_note-458">[456]</a><a href="#cite_note-459">[457]</a> On December 12, 2024, in the largest single-day clemency act in history, Biden granted clemency to about 1,500 nonviolent felons in <a href="/wiki/Home_confinement" class="mw-redirect" title="Home confinement">home confinement</a> who had previously been released from prison.<a href="#cite_note-460">[458]</a><a href="#cite_note-461">[459]</a> The act generated controversy, as it included felons such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Conahan" title="Michael Conahan">Michael Conahan</a>, a judge involved in the <a href="/wiki/Kids_for_cash" class="mw-redirect" title="Kids for cash">kids for cash kickback scandal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Crundwell" title="Rita Crundwell">Rita Crundwell</a>, a comptroller responsible for the single largest municipal fraud in U.S. history. The Biden administration said the offenders who received clemency "deserve a second chance" and were selected based on meeting certain criteria in a uniform decision.<a href="#cite_note-462">[460]</a><a href="#cite_note-463">[461]</a> On December 23, 2024, Biden commuted the sentences of 37 out of 40 federal <a href="/wiki/Death_row" title="Death row">death row</a> inmates.<a href="#cite_note-464">[462]</a> On his last day in office, Biden commuted the sentence of <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a>, convicted of murdering two FBI agents and later involved in a violent prison escape attempt, to house arrest.<a href="#cite_note-465">[463]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pardons_of_family_members_and_political_figures">Pardons of family members and political figures</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg/220px-2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 303px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg/220px-2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="303" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg/330px-2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg/440px-2024-12-01_Biden_pardon_Hunter_Biden.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Pardon dated December 1, 2024</figcaption></figure> Biden issued more pardons for members of his family than any other president.<a href="#cite_note-lastpardonnyt-466">[464]</a> On December 1, 2024, he issued a "full and unconditional" pardon to Hunter Biden that covered all federal offenses Hunter committed or may have committed between January 1, 2014, and December 1, 2024. The pardon's sweeping extent was "unprecedented",<a href="#cite_note-:2-467">[465]</a> with legal experts naming <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> as the only other person given similar terms for a pardon, for his tenure as president from 1969 to 1974.<a href="#cite_note-468">[466]</a><a href="#cite_note-469">[467]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[468]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBCpardon-59">[57]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a> magazine, Hunter Biden's pardon was even more far-reaching than Nixon's or other "controversial"<a href="#cite_note-:2-467">[465]</a> pardons:<blockquote>The Hunter pardon is far more comprehensive...in that it covered not just his convictions for drug-related activities and tax fraud, but any other criminal behavior since 2014—the year that Hunter joined the board of Ukrainian energy company Burisma. It has been alleged that Hunter's job was essentially to trade on the family name and sell his access to dad. This may not have been illegal, but it does mean that the pardon is clearly designed to offer preemptive protection not just to Hunter, but to Joe Biden himself. These features make the pardon unprecedented, though perfectly in line with the president's executive powers.</blockquote>Hunter had been convicted on charges related to tax and gun offenses, after which Joe made numerous promises not to pardon him. He and his staff continued to say that Hunter would not be pardoned as late as November, although internal staff discussions affirmed that the option remained on the table even as Biden said otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-471">[469]</a><a href="#cite_note-472">[470]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBCpardon-59">[57]</a> Biden and his family finalized the decision to pardon Hunter without consulting senior staff.<a href="#cite_note-nytdec2-473">[471]</a> In a statement announcing the pardon, Biden said he believed his son was "selectively, and unfairly, prosecuted", blaming "political pressure" for the collapse of a plea bargain. The plea bargain actually fell apart after the presiding judge asked about its unusual construction.<a href="#cite_note-White_House_2024-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-474">[472]</a><a href="#cite_note-475">[473]</a> Biden's pardon came amid incoming December sentencing dates for Hunter for his convictions and concerns about the succeeding Trump administration potentially targeting political rivals for prosecution.<a href="#cite_note-nytdec2-473">[471]</a> Biden said, "I hope Americans will understand why a father and a president would come to this decision."<a href="#cite_note-:1-476">[474]</a> On his last day in office, Biden issued pardons for more of his family members and other high-profile figures.<a href="#cite_note-lastpardonnyt-466">[464]</a> The pardons covered Biden's siblings and their spouses, including James Biden, who was interviewed as part of an impeachment probe into Biden. Others pardoned on Biden last day in office include former <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley">Mark Milley</a>, former <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a>, and members and participants in the <a href="/wiki/House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack">House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack</a>, despite many of those pardoned not having been under criminal investigation.<a href="#cite_note-lastpardonnyt-466">[464]</a><a href="#cite_note-APpardons-456">[454]</a> Biden justified the pardons by citing his concern about "baseless and politically motivated investigations" by the incoming <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Trump Administration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-477">[475]</a> emphasizing rhetoric the campaign had used that appeared to target Trump's perceived political enemies.<a href="#cite_note-478">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-479">[477]</a> Biden added that the pardons were preemptive and should not be seen as implying the guilt of any of their recipients.<a href="#cite_note-480">[478]</a><a href="#cite_note-481">[479]</a> The pardons Biden granted to his family and other political figures had a sweeping scope similar to the one Biden granted to Hunter, covering federal offenses that the recipients committed or may have committed between January 1, 2014, and the day of the pardon.<a href="#cite_note-APpardons-456">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-482">[480]</a> Biden also pardoned two other Democratic officials on his last day in office: Ernest William Cromartie, convicted of tax evasion, and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_G._Lundergan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald G. Lundergan">Gerald G. Lundergan</a>, convicted of a scheme to funnel thousands of dollars to his daughter's Senate campaign.<a href="#cite_note-483">[481]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[482]</a><a href="#cite_note-485">[483]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_elections">2022 elections</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_elections" title="2022 United States elections">2022 United States elections</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_(52485660899).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden holding a microphone at a campaign rally, with his jacket off and sleeves rolled up" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg/220px-Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg/220px-Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden holding a microphone at a campaign rally, with his jacket off and sleeves rolled up" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg/330px-Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg/440px-Biden_rally_at_Bowie_State_University_%2852485660899%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden holding a rally at <a href="/wiki/Bowie_State_University" title="Bowie State University">Bowie State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> for gubernatorial candidate <a href="/wiki/Wes_Moore" title="Wes Moore">Wes Moore</a>, November 7, 2022</figcaption></figure> On September 2, 2022, in a nationally broadcast <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">Philadelphia speech</a>, Biden called for a "battle for the soul of the nation". Off camera, he called Trump supporters "semi-fascists", which Republican commentators denounced.<a href="#cite_note-486">[484]</a><a href="#cite_note-487">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-488">[486]</a> A predicted Republican <a href="/wiki/Wave_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Wave elections in the United States">wave election</a> did not materialize and the race for <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> control was much closer than expected, with Republicans securing a slim majority of <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2022 United States House of Representatives elections">222 seats in the House of Representatives</a>,<a href="#cite_note-489">[487]</a><a href="#cite_note-490">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-491">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-492">[490]</a> and the Democratic caucus keeping control of the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2022 United States Senate elections">U.S. Senate</a>, with 51 seats, a gain of one seat from the last Congress.<a href="#cite_note-493">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-497">[c]</a> It was the first midterm election since <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1986 United States gubernatorial elections">1986</a> in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since <a href="/wiki/1934_United_States_elections" title="1934 United States elections">1934</a> in which the president's party lost no state legislative chambers.<a href="#cite_note-498">[495]</a> Democrats credited Biden for their unexpectedly favorable performance,<a href="#cite_note-499">[496]</a> and he celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.<a href="#cite_note-500">[497]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration</a></div> In June 2021, Biden took his first trip abroad as president. In eight days he visited Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. He attended <a href="/wiki/47th_G7_summit" title="47th G7 summit">a G7 summit</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Brussels_summit" title="2021 Brussels summit">a NATO summit</a>, and an EU summit, and held <a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">one-on-one talks</a> with Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-501">[498]</a> In September 2021, Biden announced <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Defense_pact" title="Defense pact">security pact</a> between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, to ensure "peace and stability in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> over the long term"; the deal included nuclear-powered submarines built for Australia's use, undercutting a prior Australian contract for submarines with France.<a href="#cite_note-502">[499]</a> In February 2021, the Biden administration announced that the United States was ending its <a href="/wiki/U.S._support_for_Saudi-led_operations_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. support for Saudi-led operations in Yemen">support for the Saudi-led bombing campaign</a> in Yemen and revoked the designation of Yemen's <a href="/wiki/Houthis" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> as terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-503">[500]</a><a href="#cite_note-504">[501]</a> In early February 2022, Biden ordered the counterterrorism raid in northern Syria that resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">death of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a>, the second leader of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-505">[502]</a> In late July, Biden approved the <a href="/wiki/Drone_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone strike">drone strike</a> that <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killed Ayman al-Zawahiri</a>, the second leader of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>, and an integral member in the planning of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-506">[503]</a> The <a href="/wiki/OPEC#2022_oil_production_cut" title="OPEC">2022 OPEC+ oil production cut</a> caused a diplomatic spat with Saudi Arabia, widening the rift between the two countries, and threatening a longstanding <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United States relations">alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-507">[504]</a><a href="#cite_note-508">[505]</a> In August 2024, Biden negotiated and oversaw the <a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">2024 Ankara prisoner exchange</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_exchange" title="Prisoner exchange">prisoner exchange</a> since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. It involved the release of 26 people, including <a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">American journalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Evan_Gershkovich" title="Evan Gershkovich">Evan Gershkovich</a> and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whelan_(security_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Whelan (security director)">Paul Whelan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-509">[506]</a> In November 2024, the Biden administration announced that it had helped broker a <a href="/wiki/2024_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_ceasefire_agreement" title="2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement">ceasefire</a> agreement in the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–2024)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters20241127-510">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-apnews20241126-511">[508]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj20241127-512">[509]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn20241126-513">[510]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Withdrawal_from_Afghanistan">Withdrawal from Afghanistan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Biden seated alone at a table, looking at a videoconference screen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1918"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Biden seated alone at a table, looking at a videoconference screen" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_meet_with_their_national_security_team_and_senior_officials.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden in a video conference with Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">U.S. National Security team</a>, discussing the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">Fall of Kabul</a> on August 15, 2021</figcaption></figure> American forces began withdrawing from Afghanistan in 2020, under the provisions of a <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">February 2020 US-Taliban agreement</a> that set a May 1, 2021, deadline.<a href="#cite_note-514">[511]</a> The Taliban began <a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">an offensive</a> on May 1.<a href="#cite_note-515">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-516">[513]</a> By early July, most American troops in Afghanistan had withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-images-330">[328]</a> Biden addressed the withdrawal in July, saying, "The likelihood there's going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely."<a href="#cite_note-images-330">[328]</a> On August 15, <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">the Afghan government collapsed</a> under the Taliban offensive, and Afghan President <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a> fled the country.<a href="#cite_note-images-330">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-messy-517">[514]</a> Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist with evacuating American personnel and Afghan allies.<a href="#cite_note-518">[515]</a> He faced bipartisan criticism for the manner of the withdrawal,<a href="#cite_note-519">[516]</a> with the evacuations described as chaotic and botched.<a href="#cite_note-520">[517]</a><a href="#cite_note-521">[518]</a><a href="#cite_note-522">[519]</a> On August 16, Biden addressed the "messy" situation, taking responsibility for it, and admitting that the situation "unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated".<a href="#cite_note-messy-517">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-buck1-523">[520]</a> He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be "dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves".<a href="#cite_note-buck1-523">[520]</a><a href="#cite_note-524">[521]</a> On August 26, a <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">suicide bombing at the Kabul airport</a> killed 13 U.S. service members and 169 Afghans. On August 27, an American drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets, who were "planners and facilitators", according to a U.S. Army general.<a href="#cite_note-525">[522]</a> On August 29, another American drone strike killed ten civilians, including seven children. The Defense Department initially claimed the strike was conducted on an Islamic State suicide bomber threatening Kabul Airport, but admitted the suspect was harmless on September 17, calling its killing of civilians "a tragic mistake".<a href="#cite_note-526">[523]</a> The U.S. military completed withdrawal from Afghanistan on August 30. Biden called the extraction of over 120,000 Americans, Afghans and other allies "an extraordinary success".<a href="#cite_note-527">[524]</a> He acknowledged that up to 200 Americans who wanted to leave did not, despite his August 18 pledge to keep troops in Afghanistan until all Americans who wanted to leave had left.<a href="#cite_note-528">[525]</a> After the withdrawal, the U.S. continued to send aid to Afghanistan, remaining the country's biggest aid donor as of August 2024 and spending at least $20.7 billion post-withdrawal. U.S. funding has helped support the Taliban government and stabilize Afghanistan's economy.<a href="#cite_note-529">[526]</a><a href="#cite_note-530">[527]</a> On September 25, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> passed a resolution condemning the Biden-Harris Administration for the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan. The resolution passed 219 - 194, with ten Democrats and all Republicans voting in favor.<a href="#cite_note-531">[528]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of a smiling Biden holding a child, with a mask lowered onto his chin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg/220px-President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg/220px-President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg" data-alt="Photo of a smiling Biden holding a child, with a mask lowered onto his chin" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg/330px-President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg/440px-President_Biden_met_with_refugees_from_Ukraine_in_Warsaw.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden with <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis">refugees from Ukraine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland, March 2022</figcaption></figure> In February 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">a full-scale invasion of Ukraine</a>. After warning for several weeks that an attack was imminent, Biden responded to the invasion by imposing severe <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">sanctions on Russia</a> and authorizing over $8 billion in <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">weapons shipments to Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-532">[529]</a><a href="#cite_note-533">[530]</a><a href="#cite_note-534">[531]</a> On April 29, he asked Congress for $33 billion for Ukraine,<a href="#cite_note-535">[532]</a><a href="#cite_note-536">[533]</a> but lawmakers later increased it to about $40 billion.<a href="#cite_note-537">[534]</a><a href="#cite_note-538">[535]</a><a href="#cite_note-539">[536]</a> Biden blamed Putin for the emerging <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%93present_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–present global energy crisis">energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 food crises">food crises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-540">[537]</a><a href="#cite_note-541">[538]</a><a href="#cite_note-542">[539]</a> In 2022, Congress approved about $113 billion in aid to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-543">[540]</a> In October 2023, the Biden administration requested an additional $61.4 billion in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead,<a href="#cite_note-544">[541]</a> but delays in the passage of further aid by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> inhibited progress, with the additional $61 billion in aid to Ukraine added in April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-545">[542]</a><a href="#cite_note-546">[543]</a><a href="#cite_note-547">[544]</a> Announced levels of aid frequently differed from actual deliveries of aid, with Ukraine receiving 30% of the vehicles the U.S. announced it would provide in 2024 by December 2024. Aid was also frequently delayed, and the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> and <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="Department of Defense Office of Inspector General">Pentagon Inspector General</a> found that the Biden administration seemed unaware of the pace of weapons deliveries.<a href="#cite_note-548">[545]</a> Throughout the conflict, Biden consistently refused Ukrainian requests to allow them to utilize weapons against Russian military targets inside <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. An exception was granted in May 2024 for targets in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> for "counter-fire" purposes.<a href="#cite_note-549">[546]</a><a href="#cite_note-550">[547]</a><a href="#cite_note-551">[548]</a><a href="#cite_note-552">[549]</a> Biden also blocked access for some weapons systems altogether, typically citing fears of escalation, only to permit deliveries for some weapons later on.<a href="#cite_note-553">[550]</a><a href="#cite_note-554">[551]</a><a href="#cite_note-555">[552]</a><a href="#cite_note-556">[553]</a><a href="#cite_note-557">[554]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China_affairs">China affairs</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Biden_administration_(2021%E2%80%932025)" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations § Biden administration (2021–2025)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg/220px-President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg/220px-President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg/330px-President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg/440px-President_Biden_met_with_Xi_Jinping_before_the_2022_G20_Bali_Summit.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden with Chinese leader <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2022_G20_Bali_summit" title="2022 G20 Bali summit">G20 summit in Bali</a>, November 14, 2022</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="China–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands-China security pact</a> caused alarm in late 2022, as China could build military bases across the South Pacific. Biden sought to strengthen ties with Australia and New Zealand in the wake of the deal, as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> <a href="/wiki/2022_Australian_federal_election" title="2022 Australian federal election">succeeded</a> to the premiership of Australia and <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a>'s government took a firmer line on Chinese influence.<a href="#cite_note-558">[555]</a><a href="#cite_note-559">[556]</a><a href="#cite_note-560">[557]</a> In a September 2022 interview with <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a>, Biden said that U.S. forces would defend Taiwan in the event of "an unprecedented attack" by the Chinese,<a href="#cite_note-561">[558]</a> which is in contrast to the long-standing U.S. policy of "<a href="/wiki/Strategic_ambiguity" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic ambiguity">strategic ambiguity</a>" toward China and Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-Kine-562">[559]</a><a href="#cite_note-563">[560]</a><a href="#cite_note-564">[561]</a> The September comments came after three previous comments by Biden that the U.S. would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion.<a href="#cite_note-theories-565">[562]</a> Amid increasing tension with China, Biden's administration has repeatedly walked back his statements and asserted that U.S. policy toward Taiwan has not changed.<a href="#cite_note-theories-565">[562]</a><a href="#cite_note-566">[563]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kine-562">[559]</a> In late 2022, Biden issued several executive orders and federal rules designed to slow Chinese technological growth, and maintain U.S. leadership over computing, biotech, and clean energy.<a href="#cite_note-567">[564]</a> On February 4, 2023, Biden ordered the United States Air Force to shoot down a <a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">suspected Chinese surveillance balloon</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Beach,_South_Carolina" title="Myrtle Beach, South Carolina">Myrtle Beach, South Carolina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-568">[565]</a><a href="#cite_note-569">[566]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a> said the balloon carried antennas and other equipment capable of geolocating communications signals, and similar balloons from China have flown over more than 40 nations.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost/2023/02/09/chinese-balloon-program2-570">[567]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese government">Chinese government</a> denied that the balloon was a surveillance device, instead claiming it was a civilian (mainly meteorological) <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airship</a> that had blown off course.<a href="#cite_note-571">[568]</a><a href="#cite_note-572">[569]</a> Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> postponed his planned visit to China as the incident further damaged U.S.-China relations.<a href="#cite_note-573">[570]</a><a href="#cite_note-574">[571]</a><a href="#cite_note-575">[572]</a> In May 2024, the Biden administration doubled <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a> imported from China and more than tripled tariffs on <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries</a> imported from China.<a href="#cite_note-erwgs-576">[573]</a> It also raised tariffs on imports of Chinese steel, aluminum, and medical materials.<a href="#cite_note-erwgs-576">[573]</a> In April 2024, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act" title="Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act">Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act</a>, which would ban <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">social networking services</a> within 270 to 360 days if they are determined by the president and relevant provisions to be a "foreign adversary controlled application". The act explicitly applies to <a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance Ltd.</a> and its subsidiaries, which are all based in China. It ceases to be applicable if the foreign adversary controlled application is <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divested</a> and no longer considered to be controlled by a <a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_adversaries#Other_meanings" title="United States foreign adversaries">foreign adversary of the United States</a>. Biden had signed the <a href="/wiki/No_TikTok_on_Government_Devices_Act" title="No TikTok on Government Devices Act">No TikTok on Government Devices Act</a> in December 2022, prohibiting the use of TikTok on devices owned by the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-577">[574]</a><a href="#cite_note-578">[575]</a><a href="#cite_note-579">[576]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gaza_war">Gaza war</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Gaza war">United States support for Israel in the Gaza war</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport,_October_2023_(ABG_4491).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg/220px-Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg/330px-Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg/440px-Isaac_Herzog_at_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_October_2023_%28ABG_4491%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden with Israeli president <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> and prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> in Tel Aviv, Israel, October 18, 2023</figcaption></figure> In October 2023, Hamas <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">launched a surprise attack on Israel</a> that <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">devolved into an intensified conflict</a>, jeopardizing the administration's push to normalize relations <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Israel–Saudi Arabia relations">between Israel and Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-580">[577]</a> Biden stated <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Gaza war">his unequivocal support for Israel</a> and condemned the attack by Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-581">[578]</a> He deployed aircraft carriers in the region to deter others from joining the war,<a href="#cite_note-582">[579]</a> and called for an additional $14 billion in military aid to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-583">[580]</a> He later began pressuring Israel to address the growing <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-584">[581]</a> Biden rejected calls for a ceasefire but said he supported "humanitarian pauses" to deliver aid to the people of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-585">[582]</a> He asked Israel to pause its invasion of Gaza for at least three days to allow for hostage negotiations; Israel agreed to daily four-hour pauses.<a href="#cite_note-586">[583]</a> He also directed the U.S. military to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to Palestinians in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-587">[584]</a> Biden has said he is a <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-588">[585]</a><a href="#cite_note-589">[586]</a> He has faced criticism for his unwavering support for Israel. Officials have urged him to take a harder stance against Israel, criticizing his administration's leniency and support despite the Israeli government's contentious offensive, which has led to significant civilian casualties and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">humanitarian crises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-590">[587]</a><a href="#cite_note-591">[588]</a><a href="#cite_note-592">[589]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:198px;max-width:198px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg/196px-March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 196px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg/196px-March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="196" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg/294px-March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg/392px-March_on_Washington_Free_Palestine_-_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_(53338192232).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg/238px-215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6306" data-file-height="3904"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 238px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg/238px-215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="238" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg/357px-215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg/476px-215a.FreePalestineRally.WDC.4November2023_%2853338192232%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">A crowd in <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> holding signs protesting the Biden administration's aid to Israel on November 4, 2023</div></div></div></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">killing of Palestinian civilians receiving food aid</a> on February 29, 2024, Biden said the current level of aid flowing into Gaza was insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-593">[590]</a> On March 3, the U.S. military began airdropping food aid into Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-594">[591]</a> Several experts called the U.S. airdrops performative and said they would do little to alleviate the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">famine in Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-595">[592]</a> As of May 2024, Biden has continued to support Israel during the course of the war despite significant domestic opposition to American involvement in it and subsequent widespread <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_protests_in_the_United_States" title="Gaza war protests in the United States">protests</a>. A March 2024 Gallup poll found that a strong majority of Americans disapproved of Israeli conduct during the war.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Inc.-596">[593]</a> It found that 36% approved "of the military action Israel has taken in Gaza" and 55% disapproved.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Inc.-596">[593]</a> Young Americans have been significantly less supportive of Israel than older generations.<a href="#cite_note-597">[594]</a><a href="#cite_note-598">[595]</a> Beginning in April 2024, widespread <a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024">Gaza war protests emerged on university campuses</a>, denouncing Biden.<a href="#cite_note-599">[596]</a> On May 31, 2024, Biden announced his support for an Israeli <a href="/wiki/2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire" title="2025 Gaza war ceasefire">ceasefire</a> proposal, saying that Hamas was "no longer capable" of another large-scale attack.<a href="#cite_note-600">[597]</a><a href="#cite_note-601">[598]</a><a href="#cite_note-602">[599]</a> The proposal, which would establish a permanent ceasefire, release all hostages, and reconstruct the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, was supported by Hamas officials after mediation by <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-603">[600]</a><a href="#cite_note-604">[601]</a> The Netanyahu administration responded that Israel's goals regarding "the destruction of Hamas military and governing capabilities" had not changed and that conditions would need to be met before it would agree to a ceasefire.<a href="#cite_note-605">[602]</a><a href="#cite_note-606">[603]</a><a href="#cite_note-607">[604]</a> In the first year of the war, it was estimated that the Biden administration had sent Israel at least $17.9 billion in military aid, a record.<a href="#cite_note-knickmeyer-608">[605]</a> In about the same period, it sent Palestinians $1.2 billion in humanitarian aid.<a href="#cite_note-ching-voa-609">[606]</a> In the last week of Biden's presidency, Qatari officials announced that Hamas had accepted the ceasefire deal, with 33 hostages to be released pending Israeli approval. Biden hailed the deal, saying "it is long past time for the fighting to end and the work of building peace and security to begin" in a press release the same day.<a href="#cite_note-610">[607]</a><a href="#cite_note-611">[608]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NATO_enlargement">NATO enlargement</h4></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Biden expressed support for expanding <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> to cover <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-612">[609]</a><a href="#cite_note-613">[610]</a> On August 9, 2022, he signed the instruments of ratification stipulating U.S. support for the two countries' entry into NATO.<a href="#cite_note-614">[611]</a><a href="#cite_note-615">[612]</a> <a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finnish ascension</a> occurred on April 4, 2023, but opposition by <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Swedish entry</a> led to a stalemate.<a href="#cite_note-616">[613]</a> Biden led diplomatic talks resulting in formal Swedish ascension into NATO on March 7, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-617">[614]</a><a href="#cite_note-618">[615]</a> He has also expressed openness to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> entry into NATO following the end of the conflict,<a href="#cite_note-619">[616]</a> supporting an expedited timetable in its ascension and the removal of steps such as the <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO#Membership_Action_Plan" title="Enlargement of NATO">Membership Action Plan</a> typically required for NATO entry.<a href="#cite_note-620">[617]</a><a href="#cite_note-621">[618]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investigations">Investigations</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retention_of_classified_documents">Retention of classified documents</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Joe Biden classified documents incident</a></div> On November 2, 2022, while packing files at the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Biden_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Biden Center">Penn Biden Center</a>, Biden's attorneys found classified documents dating from his vice presidency in a "locked closet".<a href="#cite_note-622">[619]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytbatch1-623">[620]</a> According to the White House, the documents were reported that day to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Archives">U.S. National Archives</a>, which recovered them the next day.<a href="#cite_note-nytbatch1-623">[620]</a> On November 14, Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> appointed U.S. attorney <a href="/wiki/John_R._Lausch_Jr." title="John R. Lausch Jr.">John R. Lausch Jr.</a> to conduct an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-624">[621]</a><a href="#cite_note-625">[622]</a> On December 20, a second batch of classified documents was discovered in the garage of Biden's <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a> residence.<a href="#cite_note-626">[623]</a> The findings broke news on January 9, 2023, after <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> published an article on the Lausch investigation.<a href="#cite_note-nytbatch1-623">[620]</a><a href="#cite_note-627">[624]</a><a href="#cite_note-628">[625]</a> On January 12, Garland appointed <a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Hur" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert K. Hur">Robert K. Hur</a> as special counsel to investigate "possible unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or other records".<a href="#cite_note-629">[626]</a> On January 20, after a 13-hour <a href="/wiki/Consent_search" title="Consent search">consensual search</a> by FBI investigators, six more items with classified markings were recovered from Biden's Wilmington residence.<a href="#cite_note-630">[627]</a> FBI agents searched Biden's home in <a href="/wiki/Rehoboth_Beach,_Delaware" title="Rehoboth Beach, Delaware">Rehoboth Beach</a> on February 1 and collected papers and notes from his time as vice president, but did not find any classified information.<a href="#cite_note-631">[628]</a> On February 8, 2024, Hur concluded the special counsel investigation and announced that no charges would be brought against Biden.<a href="#cite_note-632">[629]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Business_activities">Business activities</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden</a></div> On January 11, 2023, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> launched <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">an investigative committee</a> into the foreign business activities of Biden's son, <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter</a>, and brother, <a href="/wiki/James_Biden" title="James Biden">James</a>.<a href="#cite_note-633">[630]</a> The committee's chair, Representative <a href="/wiki/James_Comer_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Comer (politician)">James Comer</a>, simultaneously investigated alleged corruption related to the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-634">[631]</a> On September 12, House speaker <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">Kevin McCarthy</a> initiated a formal impeachment inquiry against Biden, saying that the recent House investigations "paint a picture of corruption" by Biden and his family.<a href="#cite_note-635">[632]</a><a href="#cite_note-636">[633]</a><a href="#cite_note-637">[634]</a><a href="#cite_note-638">[635]</a> Congressional investigations, most notably <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">by the House Oversight committee</a>, have discovered no evidence of wrongdoing by Biden as of December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-639">[636]</a><a href="#cite_note-640">[637]</a><a href="#cite_note-641">[638]</a><a href="#cite_note-642">[639]</a> On December 13, 2023, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> voted 221–212 to formalize an <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">impeachment inquiry into Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-643">[640]</a><a href="#cite_note-644">[641]</a><a href="#cite_note-645">[642]</a> In February 2024, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Smirnov_(FBI_informant)" title="Alexander Smirnov (FBI informant)">Alexander Smirnov</a>, a former intelligence <a href="/wiki/Informant" title="Informant">informant</a> who was prominent in the bribery allegations against Biden, was charged with <a href="/wiki/Making_false_statements" title="Making false statements">making false statements</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI).<a href="#cite_note-646">[643]</a> Smirnov admitted he had publicized a false story given to him by Russian intelligence officials with the goal of damaging Biden's reelection campaign.<a href="#cite_note-647">[644]</a><a href="#cite_note-648">[645]</a><a href="#cite_note-649">[646]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_and_health_concerns">Age and health concerns</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns about Joe Biden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1085"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 221px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg/220px-Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="221" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg/330px-Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg/440px-Joe_Biden_81st_birthday.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden's 81st birthday cake</figcaption></figure> Biden was the oldest sitting president in U.S. history. His cognitive health was perceived to have declined by Republicans and some media figures,<a href="#cite_note-650">[647]</a><a href="#cite_note-cbsjuly1age-651">[648]</a> and privately by some Democrats. Members of Biden's family and White House staffers, particularly Jill Biden, Hunter Biden, advisor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Donilon" title="Mike Donilon">Mike Donilon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">counselor</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ricchetti" title="Steve Ricchetti">Steve Ricchetti</a>, deputy chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Annie_Tomasini" title="Annie Tomasini">Annie Tomasini</a>, and first lady advisor <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bernal" title="Anthony Bernal">Anthony Bernal</a> insulated Biden from scrutiny of his advanced aging and decline in acuity.<a href="#cite_note-652">[649]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsjagedec-653">[650]</a><a href="#cite_note-654">[651]</a> The media amplified and widely covered public concern about Biden's mental acuity after a weak performance in a June 2024 presidential debate,<a href="#cite_note-cbsjuly1age-651">[648]</a> but gave it limited coverage beforehand, in part due to harsh pushback from White House officials against questions about Biden's health and cognitive ability.<a href="#cite_note-655">[652]</a> Biden repeatedly said he was fit to serve two terms as president,<a href="#cite_note-656">[653]</a> but later acknowledged that he may have been too old to serve a second term.<a href="#cite_note-657">[654]</a> Upon concluding the <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">investigation into Biden's handling of classified documents</a>, special counsel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hur" title="Robert Hur">Robert Hur</a> suggested that Biden would be able to present himself to a jury as an "elderly man with poor memory" and wrote that his memory "appeared to have significant limitations".<a href="#cite_note-658">[655]</a> On July 21, 2022, Biden tested positive for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> with reportedly mild symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-659">[656]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP_News-660">[657]</a> According to the White House, he was treated with <a href="/wiki/Paxlovid" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxlovid">Paxlovid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AP_News-660">[657]</a><a href="#cite_note-661">[658]</a> He worked in isolation in the White House for five days<a href="#cite_note-662">[659]</a> and returned to isolation when he tested positive again on July 30, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-663">[660]</a><a href="#cite_note-664">[661]</a> On July 17, 2024, Biden again tested positive for COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-665">[662]</a><a href="#cite_note-666">[663]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_presidential_campaign">2024 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abandon_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Abandon Biden">Abandon Biden</a>, <a href="/wiki/2024_Joe_Biden%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_presidential_debate" title="2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate">2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_delivers_remarks_from_the_Oval_Office_4.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden addressing the nation after <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">his withdrawal</a></figcaption></figure> Ending months of speculation,<a href="#cite_note-667">[664]</a><a href="#cite_note-668">[665]</a> on April 25, 2023, Biden confirmed he would run for reelection as president in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 election</a>, with Harris again as his running mate. The campaign launched four years to the day after the start of his <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-669">[666]</a> On the day of his announcement, a Gallup poll found that Biden's approval rating was 37 percent, with most of those surveyed saying the economy was their biggest concern.<a href="#cite_note-pollrui-670">[667]</a> During his campaign, Biden promoted <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">higher economic growth and recovery</a> following the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-671">[668]</a><a href="#cite_note-672">[669]</a> He frequently stated his intention to "finish the job" as a political rallying cry.<a href="#cite_note-Associated_Press-669">[666]</a><a href="#cite_note-673">[670]</a><a href="#cite_note-674">[671]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips" title="Dean Phillips">Dean Phillips</a> ran against Biden in the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries.<a href="#cite_note-675">[672]</a> Phillips <a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Dean Phillips 2024 presidential campaign">campaigned</a> as a younger alternative to Biden, who would be a stronger opponent to Trump.<a href="#cite_note-676">[673]</a><a href="#cite_note-677">[674]</a> Biden was not on the ballot in the January 23 <a href="/wiki/2024_New_Hampshire_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2024 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary">New Hampshire primary</a>, but won it in a write-in campaign with 63.8% of the vote to Phillips's 19.6%.<a href="#cite_note-678">[675]</a> He had wanted South Carolina to be the first primary, and <a href="/wiki/2024_South_Carolina_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2024 South Carolina Democratic presidential primary">won that state on February 3</a> with 96.2% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-679">[676]</a> Biden received 89.3% of the vote in <a href="/wiki/2024_Nevada_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2024 Nevada Democratic presidential primary">Nevada</a> and 81.1% of the vote in <a href="/wiki/2024_Michigan_Democratic_presidential_primary" title="2024 Michigan Democratic presidential primary">Michigan</a>, with "none of these candidates" and "uncommitted" coming in second in each state, respectively. On March 5 ("Super Tuesday"), he won 15 of 16 primaries, netting 80% or more of the vote in 13 of them.<a href="#cite_note-680">[677]</a><a href="#cite_note-681">[678]</a> Biden lost the <a href="/wiki/2024_American_Samoa_Democratic_presidential_caucuses" title="2024 American Samoa Democratic presidential caucuses">American Samoa</a> contest to venture capitalist <a href="/wiki/Jason_Palmer_(politician)" title="Jason Palmer (politician)">Jason Palmer</a>, becoming the first incumbent president to lose a contest while appearing on the ballot since <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> in <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980</a>.<a href="#cite_note-682">[679]</a> On March 6, Phillips suspended his campaign and endorsed Biden.<a href="#cite_note-683">[680]</a> On March 12, Biden reached more than the 1,968 delegates needed to win the Democratic nomination, becoming the presumptive nominee.<a href="#cite_note-684">[681]</a><a href="#cite_note-685">[682]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2024_Joe_Biden%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_presidential_debate" title="2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate">first presidential debate</a> was held on June 27, 2024, between Biden and Trump. Biden's performance was widely criticized, with commentators saying he frequently lost his train of thought and gave meandering answers.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-biden-debate-686">[683]</a><a href="#cite_note-apjune27-687">[684]</a><a href="#cite_note-PoliticoJune28Dems-688">[685]</a> Several newspaper columnists declared Trump the winner,<a href="#cite_note-worst-689">[686]</a><a href="#cite_note-690">[687]</a><a href="#cite_note-691">[688]</a><a href="#cite_note-692">[689]</a> and polling indicated the majority of debate watchers believed Trump won.<a href="#cite_note-693">[690]</a> After the debate raised questions about <a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_of_Joe_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Age and health concerns of Joe Biden">his health and age</a>, Biden faced calls to withdraw from the race, including from <a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">fellow Democrats</a><a href="#cite_note-nbc-biden-step-down-694">[691]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Editorial_boards" class="mw-redirect" title="Editorial boards">editorial boards</a> of several major news outlets.<a href="#cite_note-:0-695">[692]</a><a href="#cite_note-696">[693]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20241113CS-0503_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2427" data-file-height="1998"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 181px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-P20241113CS-0503_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Biden and President-elect <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> meet in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">presidential transition</a> on November 13, 2024</figcaption></figure> Biden initially insisted that he would remain a candidate,<a href="#cite_note-697">[694]</a> but on July 21, he withdrew his candidacy, writing that this was "in the best interest of my party and the country".<a href="#cite_note-698">[695]</a><a href="#cite_note-699">[696]</a> He endorsed Harris as his successor.<a href="#cite_note-700">[697]</a><a href="#cite_note-701">[698]</a> His announcement came 29 days before the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 Democratic National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-702">[699]</a><a href="#cite_note-703">[700]</a> On August 6, 2024, Harris was confirmed as the Democratic presidential nominee after securing 99% of the delegates in a virtual roll call vote.<a href="#cite_note-704">[701]</a> This was the first time an eligible incumbent had declined to run for reelection since <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>.<a href="#cite_note-705">[702]</a> In the general election, Trump defeated Harris, flipping six states Biden had won in 2020. The Senate <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2024 United States Senate elections">went Republican</a> for the first time since 2018. In a nationally televised speech after the election, Biden congratulated Trump and promised a "peaceful and orderly" transition of power.<a href="#cite_note-706">[703]</a> In a January 2025 interview, Biden claimed he could have defeated Trump had he not been persuaded to withdraw from the election, despite lagging behind Trump in polling.<a href="#cite_note-707">[704]</a><a href="#cite_note-708">[705]</a> A <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> poll conducted from November 6–7, 2024 found that if Biden had been the Democratic nominee, Trump would have won the popular vote 49-42%. Trump won the popular vote over Harris 49.8%-48.3%.<a href="#cite_note-709">[706]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessments">Assessments</h3></div> A February 2024 <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a> poll of historians and scholars ranked Biden as the 14th-greatest president, diverging from public assessments. The pollsters noted that Biden's ranking was unusually high for a presidency without military victories or institutional expansion, and with personal scandals such as Hunter Biden's. The experts polled generally regarded Biden's signature accomplishment as his victory over Trump in the 2020 election, which was perceived as helping to protect and restore political and institutional norms in American government.<a href="#cite_note-710">[707]</a><a href="#cite_note-711">[708]</a><a href="#cite_note-bc-712">[709]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Brownstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Brownstein">Ronald Brownstein</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> compared Biden to <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Death and state funeral of Jimmy Carter">died on December 29, 2024, and whom Biden eulogized on January 9, 2025</a>. Biden's presidency was overshadowed by the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge" title="2021–2023 inflation surge">2021–2023 inflation surge</a>, much as the <a href="/wiki/1970s_energy_crisis" title="1970s energy crisis">1970s energy crisis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a> overshadowed <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter's presidency</a>. Both men were Democrats and served a single term as president, with Carter losing reelection in <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and Biden's party losing in <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-713">[710]</a> <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">Biden's withdrawal from the 2024 presidential election</a> was also compared to <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">Lyndon B. Johnson's withdrawal from the 1968 presidential election</a>, with Johnson's vice president <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> losing in <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a> to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and Biden's vice president <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> losing in 2024 to Trump. Johnson and Biden were both initially popular but saw their approval ratings decline throughout their presidencies. Johnson and Biden also previously served as vice president, under <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-714">[711]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Amy_Walter" title="Amy Walter">Amy Walter</a>, editor of the nonpartisan The Cook Political Report, argued that Biden's presidency was deemed a failure by the public particularly due to frustration over inflation. Walter said that voters considered inflation the most important factor with respect to the economy, more important than the stock market, low unemployment, or household income.<a href="#cite_note-715">[712]</a> The extent to which Biden's policies were responsible for inflation is debated by economists,<a href="#cite_note-716">[713]</a> but according to Gallup, public perception of the economy in 2024 was worse only in 2008 and 1992, helping Trump win the 2024 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-717">[714]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Post-presidency_(2025–present)">Post-presidency (2025–present)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> Biden's term ended on January 20, 2025, upon <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">Trump's second inauguration</a>. Biden moved back to <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, after his term ended.<a href="#cite_note-718">[715]</a> He later signed with talent agency <a href="/wiki/Creative_Artists_Agency" title="Creative Artists Agency">CAA</a> to represent him in public engagements. CAA previously represented him from 2017 to 2020.<a href="#cite_note-719">[716]</a><a href="#cite_note-720">[717]</a> At the end of his presidency, Biden designated former <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">senior advisors</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bernal" title="Anthony Bernal">Anthony Bernal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Tomasini" title="Annie Tomasini">Annie Tomasini</a> to raise funds for the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Biden_Jr._Presidential_Library" title="Joseph R. Biden Jr. Presidential Library">Joseph R. Biden Jr. Presidential Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-721">[718]</a> On February 7, 2025, President Trump revoked Biden's security clearance, ending his access to classified information.<a href="#cite_note-722">[719]</a> The White House said the decision was part of a broader review of security clearances for former officials. Former presidents have traditionally been granted access to intelligence briefings, though such access is at the sitting president's discretion. In 2021, Biden revoked Trump's security clearance after the <a href="/wiki/January_6_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 6 Capitol attack">January 6 Capitol attack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-723">[720]</a><a href="#cite_note-724">[721]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Political positions of Joe Biden</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Photo of Obama, Biden and Gorbachev smiling at each other" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg" data-alt="Photo of Obama, Biden and Gorbachev smiling at each other" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama_%26_Joe_Biden_with_Mikhail_Gorbachev_3-20.09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (right) being introduced to President Obama by Joe Biden, March 2009. U.S. ambassador to Russia <a href="/wiki/Michael_McFaul" title="Michael McFaul">Michael McFaul</a> is pictured in the background.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg/220px-Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg/220px-Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg/330px-Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg/440px-Pope_Francis_and_Joe_Biden_at_the_White_House.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (left) meets Joe Biden at the White House, September 2015.</figcaption></figure> As a senator, Biden was regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderate Democrat">moderate Democrat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-725">[722]</a> As a presidential nominee, Biden's platform had been called the most progressive of any major party platform in history, although not within his party's ideological vanguard.<a href="#cite_note-726">[723]</a> Biden says his positions are deeply influenced by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a>.<a href="#cite_note-727">[724]</a><a href="#cite_note-728">[725]</a><a href="#cite_note-729">[726]</a> According to political scientist Carlo Invernizzi Accetti, "it has become second nature to describe his politics with such ready-made labels as centrist or moderate."<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Policy-730">[727]</a> Accetti says that Biden represents an Americanized form of <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a>, taking positions characteristic of both the <a href="/wiki/Center-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-right">center-right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Center-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-left">center-left</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Policy-730">[727]</a> Biden has cited the Catholic philosopher <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a>, credited with starting the Christian democratic movement, as immensely influential in his thinking.<a href="#cite_note-731">[728]</a> Other analysts have likened his ideology to traditional <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberalism</a>, "a doctrine of liberty, equality, justice and individual rights that relies, in the modern age, on a strong federal government for enforcement".<a href="#cite_note-Greenberg-732">[729]</a><a href="#cite_note-Broich-733">[730]</a> Such analysts distinguish liberals, who believe in a regulated <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">the left</a>, who believe in greater <a href="/wiki/Economic_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic intervention">economic intervention</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenberg-732">[729]</a><a href="#cite_note-Broich-733">[730]</a> In 2022, journalist <a href="/wiki/Sasha_Issenberg" title="Sasha Issenberg">Sasha Issenberg</a> wrote that Biden's "most valuable political skill" was "an innate compass for the ever-shifting mainstream of the Democratic Party".<a href="#cite_note-734">[731]</a> Biden has proposed partially reversing the corporate tax cuts of the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a>, saying that doing so would not hurt businesses' ability to hire.<a href="#cite_note-735">[732]</a><a href="#cite_note-736">[733]</a> He supported raising the corporate tax only up to 28% from the 21% established in the 2017 bill, not back to 35%, the corporate tax rate until 2017.<a href="#cite_note-737">[734]</a> He voted for the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA).<a href="#cite_note-738">[735]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-739">[736]</a> Biden is a staunch supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> (ACA).<a href="#cite_note-ACA203-740">[737]</a><a href="#cite_note-741">[738]</a> He has promoted a plan to expand and build upon it, paid for by revenue gained from reversing some Trump administration tax cuts.<a href="#cite_note-ACA203-740">[737]</a> Biden's plan aims to expand <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_coverage_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance coverage in the United States">health insurance coverage</a> to 97% of Americans, including by creating a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_insurance_option" title="Public health insurance option">public health insurance option</a>.<a href="#cite_note-742">[739]</a> Biden did not support national <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> rights while in the Senate and voted for the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-743">[740]</a> but opposed proposals for constitutional amendments that would have banned same-sex marriage nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-744">[741]</a> Biden has supported same-sex marriage since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Biden_Evolution_on_LGBTQ-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-745">[742]</a> As a senator, Biden forged deep relationships with police groups and was a chief proponent of a <a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Officers%27_Bill_of_Rights" title="Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights">Police Officer's Bill of Rights</a> measure that police unions supported but police chiefs opposed.<a href="#cite_note-746">[743]</a><a href="#cite_note-747">[744]</a> In 2020, Biden also ran on decriminalizing <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-748">[745]</a> after advocating harsher penalties for drug use as a U.S. senator.<a href="#cite_note-749">[746]</a><a href="#cite_note-750">[747]</a> Biden believes action must be taken on <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>. As a senator, he co-sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Global_Warming_Pollution_Reduction_Act_of_2007" title="Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act of 2007">Boxer–Sanders Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act</a>, the most stringent climate bill in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-751">[748]</a> Biden supports <a href="/wiki/Nature_conservation" title="Nature conservation">nature conservation</a>. According to a report from the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a>, he broke several records in this domain.<a href="#cite_note-752">[749]</a> He took steps to protect <a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-753">[750]</a> Biden opposes drilling for oil in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-754">[751]</a> He wants to achieve a carbon-free power sector in the U.S. by 2035 and stop emissions completely by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-755">[752]</a> His program includes reentering the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">green building</a> and more.<a href="#cite_note-756">[753]</a> Biden supports <a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">environmental justice</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">climate justice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue_justice" title="Blue justice">ocean justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-757">[754]</a><a href="#cite_note-758">[755]</a> A major step is increasing <a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation" title="Energy conservation">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_efficiency" title="Water efficiency">water efficiency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_resilience" title="Climate resilience">resilience to climate disasters</a> in low-income houses for mitigate climate change, reduce costs, improve health and safety.<a href="#cite_note-759">[756]</a><a href="#cite_note-760">[757]</a> Biden has called global temperature rise above the 1.5 degree limit the "only existential threat humanity faces even more frightening than a nuclear war".<a href="#cite_note-761">[758]</a> Despite his clean energy policies and congressional Republicans characterizing them as a "War on American Energy", domestic oil production reached a record high in October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-762">[759]</a> Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China, calling it the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges to the United States' "prosperity, security, and democratic values".<a href="#cite_note-763">[760]</a><a href="#cite_note-764">[761]</a> Biden has spoken about human rights abuses in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, pledging to sanction and commercially restrict Chinese government officials and entities who carry out repression.<a href="#cite_note-765">[762]</a><a href="#cite_note-766">[763]</a> Biden has said he is against <a href="/wiki/Regime_change" title="Regime change">regime change</a> but is for providing non-military support to opposition movements.<a href="#cite_note-767">[764]</a> He opposed direct U.S. <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">intervention in Libya</a>,<a href="#cite_note-768">[765]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-2-211">[209]</a> voted against U.S. participation in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-769">[766]</a> voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-770">[767]</a> and supports a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-771">[768]</a> Biden has pledged to end U.S. support for the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a> and to reevaluate the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United States relations">United States' relationship</a> with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-foreign-policy2-252">[250]</a> Biden supports extending the <a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a> arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> deployed by both sides.<a href="#cite_note-772">[769]</a><a href="#cite_note-773">[770]</a> In 2021, Biden officially <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_recognition" title="Armenian genocide recognition">recognized</a> the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>, becoming the first U.S. president to do so.<a href="#cite_note-774">[771]</a><a href="#cite_note-777">[d]</a> Biden has supported <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">abortion rights</a> throughout his presidency, though he personally opposes abortion because of his Catholic faith.<a href="#cite_note-778">[774]</a><a href="#cite_note-779">[775]</a> In 2019, he said he supported <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> and repealing the <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Amendment" title="Hyde Amendment">Hyde Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-780">[776]</a><a href="#cite_note-781">[777]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>, he criticized <a href="/wiki/Abortion_law_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Abortion law in the United States by state">near-total bans on abortion access</a> passed in a majority of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>-controlled states,<a href="#cite_note-782">[778]</a> and took measures to protect <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">abortion rights in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-783">[779]</a> He has vowed to sign a bill codifying the protections of Roe into federal law; such a bill passed the House in 2022, but was unable to clear the Senate filibuster.<a href="#cite_note-784">[780]</a><a href="#cite_note-785">[781]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Public_image">Public image</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image of Joe Biden</a></div> Biden was consistently ranked one of the least wealthy <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">members of the Senate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-786">[782]</a><a href="#cite_note-787">[783]</a> which he attributed to having been elected young.<a href="#cite_note-788">[784]</a> Feeling that less-wealthy public officials may be tempted to accept contributions in exchange for political favors, he proposed <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a> measures during his first term.<a href="#cite_note-cby-44-83">[81]</a> As of November 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Biden&action=edit">[update]</a>, Biden's net worth was $27,012.<a href="#cite_note-789">[785]</a> By November 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Biden&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Bidens were worth $9 million, largely due to sales of Biden's books and speaking fees after his vice presidency.<a href="#cite_note-790">[786]</a><a href="#cite_note-791">[787]</a> Political columnist <a href="/wiki/David_S._Broder" title="David S. Broder">David S. Broder</a> wrote that Biden has grown over time: "He responds to real people—that's been consistent throughout. And his ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much, much better."<a href="#cite_note-watn020109-34">[32]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/James_Traub" title="James Traub">James Traub</a> has written that "Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself".<a href="#cite_note-nytm-traub-121">[119]</a> In recent years, especially after the 2015 death of his elder son Beau, Biden has been noted for his empathetic nature and ability to communicate about grief.<a href="#cite_note-792">[788]</a><a href="#cite_note-793">[789]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> wrote that his presidential campaign aimed to make him "healer-in-chief", while <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> described his extensive history of being called upon to give eulogies.<a href="#cite_note-794">[790]</a> Journalist and TV anchor <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer" title="Wolf Blitzer">Wolf Blitzer</a> has called Biden loquacious;<a href="#cite_note-795">[791]</a> journalist Mark Bowden has said that he is famous for "talking too much", leaning in close "like an old pal with something urgent to tell you".<a href="#cite_note-The_Atlantic-279">[277]</a> He often deviates from prepared remarks,<a href="#cite_note-796">[792]</a> and sometimes "puts his foot in his mouth".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-no2-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-797">[793]</a><a href="#cite_note-798">[794]</a> Biden has a reputation for being prone to <a href="/wiki/Political_gaffe" title="Political gaffe">gaffes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-799">[795]</a> and in 2018 called himself "a gaffe machine".<a href="#cite_note-800">[796]</a><a href="#cite_note-801">[797]</a> The New York Times wrote that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-no2-155">[153]</a> According to The New York Times, Biden often embellishes elements of his life or exaggerates, a trait also noted by <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_Yorker-802">[798]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-803">[799]</a> For instance, he has claimed to have been more active in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> than he actually was, and has falsely recalled being an excellent student who earned three college degrees.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_Yorker-802">[798]</a> The Times wrote, "Mr. Biden's folksiness can veer into folklore, with dates that don't quite add up and details that are exaggerated or wrong, the factual edges shaved off to make them more powerful for audiences."<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-803">[799]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Job_approval">Job approval</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2021_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2021</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2023</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%932025_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2024–2025 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2024–2025 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration</a></div> According to <a href="/wiki/Morning_Consult" title="Morning Consult">Morning Consult</a> polling, Biden maintained an <a href="/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">approval rating</a> above 50% during his presidency's first eight months. In August 2021, it began to decline, reaching the low forties by December.<a href="#cite_note-804">[800]</a> This was attributed to the Afghanistan withdrawal, increasing hospitalizations from the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge" title="2021–2023 inflation surge">high inflation and gas prices</a>, disarray within the Democratic Party, and a general decline in popularity customary in politics.<a href="#cite_note-805">[801]</a><a href="#cite_note-806">[802]</a><a href="#cite_note-807">[803]</a><a href="#cite_note-808">[804]</a> In 2023, Biden's approval rating was the lowest of any modern<a href="#cite_note-809">[e]</a> U.S. president after three years in office.<a href="#cite_note-gallup2023end-810">[805]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup, Inc.</a> found Biden's approval ratings to be consistently above 50% during his first few months in office,<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Approval-811">[806]</a><a href="#cite_note-812">[807]</a> but by August, his ratings began to decline.<a href="#cite_note-813">[808]</a> He had a 98% approval rating from Democrats in February 2021, but by December only 78% approved of his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-BidenGallup-814">[809]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Approval-811">[806]</a> By October 2023, his rating among Democrats had reached a record low of 75%.<a href="#cite_note-gallup2023end-810">[805]</a><a href="#cite_note-815">[810]</a> His approval rating among Republicans has been consistently in the single digits, aside from his first few months in office.<a href="#cite_note-BidenGallup-814">[809]</a> Additionally, Gallup noted that Biden's public support eroded each year he was in office: he averaged 49% approval in his first year,<a href="#cite_note-816">[811]</a> 41% in his second,<a href="#cite_note-817">[812]</a> and 40% in his third.<a href="#cite_note-818">[813]</a> In July 2024, just before he withdrew from the 2024 presidential election, Gallup found his approval rating had fallen to an all-time low of 36%.<a href="#cite_note-819">[814]</a> A December 2024 Gallup poll found that 54% of Americans thought Biden's presidency was below average or poor, 26% average, and 19% above average or outstanding.<a href="#cite_note-820">[815]</a> Gallup found that Americans largely offered negative assessments of Biden's presidency on economic, national, and international issues. Of 18 issue areas Gallup tracked, a majority of Americans said the U.S. lost ground in six, including the economy in general, immigration, and the country's position in the world. A plurality found that the U.S. declined in six other areas, including national infrastructure and energy, education, and trade relations with other countries. Americans perceived standstills in climate change and black people's situation, and were divided between standstills and declines in their perception of healthcare, national defense, and taxes. A plurality felt the U.S. made progress in only one indicator under Biden: the conditions of gay, lesbian, and transgender people.<a href="#cite_note-821">[816]</a><a href="#cite_note-822">[817]</a> In January 2025, an AP-NORC poll found that Americans viewed Biden's presidency less favorably than they did Obama's at the end of his second term or Trump's at the end of his first.<a href="#cite_note-823">[818]</a> Gallup's averaged polls of Biden's presidency found that he was the second least popular president in its polling history, ahead of Trump.<a href="#cite_note-gallup20250117-824">[819]</a> Many members of Biden's party called on him to withdraw from the 2024 presidential election, and criticized him for initially running for a second term given his age and unpopularity after Harris lost.<a href="#cite_note-825">[820]</a> <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> called the conclusion of Biden's presidency a "tragedy", particularly because Biden was succeeded by Trump after previously defeating him.<a href="#cite_note-826">[821]</a><a href="#cite_note-827">[822]</a> Gallup found that Biden had an average approval rating of 42.2% throughout his presidency, which was lower than all other presidents' except Trump's first term, at 41.1%. Biden's average approval rating in his fourth year in office was 39%. His final approval rating in January 2025 was 40%, which was low but still higher than the final approval ratings for several other presidents.<a href="#cite_note-gallup20250117-824">[819]</a> CNN and CBS News found Biden's final approval rating to be even lower, at 37% and 36%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-828">[823]</a><a href="#cite_note-829">[824]</a> Polling aggregator <a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a> found that Biden had a final average approval rating of 37%.<a href="#cite_note-830">[825]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_depictions">Media depictions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden">Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden</a></div> Nine men have portrayed Biden on <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Nealon" title="Kevin Nealon">Kevin Nealon</a> in 1991. <a href="/wiki/Jason_Sudeikis" title="Jason Sudeikis">Jason Sudeikis</a> portrayed Biden during the 2008 election season and reprised the role many times. During the 2020 election season, Biden was played by <a href="/wiki/John_Mulaney" title="John Mulaney">John Mulaney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Moffat" title="Alex Moffat">Alex Moffat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikey_Day" title="Mikey Day">Mikey Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woody_Harrelson" title="Woody Harrelson">Woody Harrelson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a>. In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Dana_Carvey" title="Dana Carvey">Dana Carvey</a> played the role.<a href="#cite_note-831">[826]</a><a href="#cite_note-832">[827]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Kinnear" title="Greg Kinnear">Greg Kinnear</a> portrayed Biden in the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> television film <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(film)" title="Confirmation (film)">Confirmation</a>, about the <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination hearings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-833">[828]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_rankings">Scholarly rankings</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute" title="Siena College Research Institute">Siena College Research Institute</a>'s 2022 survey <a href="/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#2022_Siena_College" title="Historical rankings of presidents of the United States">ranked Biden</a> 19th out of 45 presidents.<a href="#cite_note-834">[829]</a> The 2024 Presidential Greatness Project Expert survey ranked Biden the 14th best president.<a href="#cite_note-bc-712">[709]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Bibliography of Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Electoral history of Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List of presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" title="List of presidents of the United States by previous experience">List of presidents of the United States by previous experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">List of things named after Joe Biden</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Biden held the chairmanship from January 3 to 20, then was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a> until June 6, and thereafter held the position until 2003. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbaɪdən/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/20\/Joseph_Robinette_Biden_Jr._Pronunciation.wav\/Joseph_Robinette_Biden_Jr._Pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. Pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Joseph_Robinette_Biden_Jr._Pronunciation.wav/Joseph_Robinette_Biden_Jr._Pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Robinette_Biden_Jr._Pronunciation.wav" title="File:Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. Pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">BY-dən</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-497"><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a>, whose seats were not up for election in 2022, left the Democratic Party and became <a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent politicians">independent politicians</a> in December 2022 and May 2024, respectively. As a result, 47 Democrats (rather than 49), plus <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, independents who caucus with Democrats, were in the Senate of the <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th United States Congress</a>, on May 31, 2024. Manchin continued to caucus with Democrats while Sinema opted to caucus with neither party but to align with the Democrats, bringing the Democratic Senate majority to 51 seats.<a href="#cite_note-494">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-495">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-496">[494]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-777"><a href="#cite_ref-777">^</a> In 1981, President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> referred to the Armenian genocide in passing in a statement regarding <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>, but never made a formal declaration recognizing it.<a href="#cite_note-775">[772]</a><a href="#cite_note-776">[773]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-809"><a href="#cite_ref-809">^</a> The source defines "modern" presidents as all 7 presidents before Biden, or presidents since 1979, which comprise Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cong-bio-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cong-bio_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cong-bio_3-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congressb000444" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=b000444">"Joseph R. Biden (id: b000444)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a>. Retrieved January 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Joseph+R.+Biden+%28id%3A+b000444%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3Db000444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover20105-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitcover20105_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitcover2010">Witcover 2010</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase2010" class="citation news cs1">Chase, Randall (January 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520012620/https://www.witn.com/home/headlines/81062772.html">"Vice President Biden's mother, Jean, dies at 92"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WITN-TV" title="WITN-TV">WITN-TV</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 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Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vice+President+Biden%27s+mother%2C+Jean%2C+dies+at+92&rft.date=2010-01-09&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.witn.com%2Fhome%2Fheadlines%2F81062772.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmolenyak2002" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Megan_Smolenyak" title="Megan Smolenyak">Smolenyak, Megan</a> (September 3, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2002-09-03-0209030023-story.html">"Joseph Biden Sr., 86, father of the senator"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191230113231/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2002-09-03-0209030023-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Joseph+Biden+Sr.%2C+86%2C+father+of+the+senator&rft.date=2002-09-03&rft.aulast=Smolenyak&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-2002-09-03-0209030023-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover20108–9-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitcover20108%E2%80%939_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitcover2010">Witcover 2010</a>, pp. 8–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntous2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Entous, Adam (August 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/22/the-untold-history-of-the-biden-family">"The Untold History of the Biden Family"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220825154155/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/22/the-untold-history-of-the-biden-family">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Untold+History+of+the+Biden+Family&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft.aulast=Entous&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2022%2F08%2F22%2Fthe-untold-history-of-the-biden-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2021" class="citation news cs1">Russell, Katie (January 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/joe-biden-family-tree-children-ashley-hunter/">"Joe Biden's family tree: how tragedy shaped the US president-elect"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108150352/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/joe-biden-family-tree-children-ashley-hunter/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden%27s+family+tree%3A+how+tragedy+shaped+the+US+president-elect&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffamily%2Flife%2Fjoe-biden-family-tree-children-ashley-hunter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-promises2008-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-promises2008_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-promises2008_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiden2008" class="citation book cs1">Biden, Joe (2008). Promises to Keep: On Life and Politics. 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Retrieved January 24, 2021. <q>Even before Obama announced his run for president, Biden was warning that Afghanistan, not Iraq, was the 'central front' in the war against Al Qaeda, requiring a major U.S. commitment. 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Will that come back to haunt him now?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109174540/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/17/joe-biden-role-iraq-war">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden+championed+the+Iraq+war.+Will+that+come+back+to+haunt+him+now%3F&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft.aulast=Weisbrot&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F17%2Fjoe-biden-role-iraq-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytm-traub-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytm-traub_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytm-traub_121-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytm-traub_121-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytm-traub_121-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytm-traub_121-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraub2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Traub" title="James Traub">Traub, James</a> (November 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/29/magazine/29Biden-t.html">"After Cheney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>. p. 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Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=After+Cheney&rft.pages=MM34&rft.date=2009-11-24&rft.aulast=Traub&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F29%2Fmagazine%2F29Biden-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanker2007" class="citation news cs1">Shanker, Thom (August 19, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/weekinreview/19shanker.html">"Divided They Stand, but on Graves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081421/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/weekinreview/19shanker.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Divided+They+Stand%2C+but+on+Graves&rft.date=2007-08-19&rft.aulast=Shanker&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F08%2F19%2Fweekinreview%2F19shanker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitcover2010572–573-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitcover2010572%E2%80%93573_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitcover2010">Witcover 2010</a>, pp. 572–573. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkerSalman2007" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Ned; Salman, Raheem (October 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-01-fg-iraq1-story.html">"U.S. vote unites Iraqis in anger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081500/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-01-fg-iraq1-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+vote+unites+Iraqis+in+anger&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft.au=Salman%2C+Raheem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2007-oct-01-fg-iraq1-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDionne1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._J._Dionne" title="E. J. Dionne">Dionne, E. J. 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Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden+Joins+Campaign+for+the+Presidency&rft.date=1987-06-10&rft.aulast=Dionne&rft.aufirst=E.+J.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F06%2F10%2Fus%2Fbiden-joins-campaign-for-the-presidency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt083187-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt083187_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt083187_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToner1987" class="citation news cs1">Toner, Robin (August 31, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/31/us/biden-once-the-field-s-hot-democrat-is-being-overtaken-by-cooler-rivals.html">"Biden, Once the Field's Hot Democrat, Is Being Overtaken by Cooler Rivals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103084657/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/31/us/biden-once-the-field-s-hot-democrat-is-being-overtaken-by-cooler-rivals.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden%2C+Once+the+Field%27s+Hot+Democrat%2C+Is+Being+Overtaken+by+Cooler+Rivals&rft.date=1987-08-31&rft.aulast=Toner&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F08%2F31%2Fus%2Fbiden-once-the-field-s-hot-democrat-is-being-overtaken-by-cooler-rivals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor199083-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor199083_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor199083_127-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor1990">Taylor 1990</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1990108–109-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor1990108%E2%80%93109_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor1990">Taylor 1990</a>, pp. 108–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd, Maureen</a> (September 12, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/12/us/biden-s-debate-finale-an-echo-from-abroad.html">"Biden's Debate Finale: An Echo From Abroad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215003637/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/12/us/biden-s-debate-finale-an-echo-from-abroad.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden%27s+Debate+Finale%3A+An+Echo+From+Abroad&rft.date=1987-09-12&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F09%2F12%2Fus%2Fbiden-s-debate-finale-an-echo-from-abroad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandolph1987" class="citation news cs1">Randolph, Eleanor (September 13, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/13/plagiarism-suggestion-angers-bidens-aides/912bfcf1-b3f3-4850-a14d-e8b0bee1ed63/">"Plagiarism Suggestion Angers Biden's Aides"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. p. A6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081200/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/13/plagiarism-suggestion-angers-bidens-aides/912bfcf1-b3f3-4850-a14d-e8b0bee1ed63/">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Plagiarism+Suggestion+Angers+Biden%27s+Aides&rft.pages=A6&rft.date=1987-09-13&rft.aulast=Randolph&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1987%2F09%2F13%2Fplagiarism-suggestion-angers-bidens-aides%2F912bfcf1-b3f3-4850-a14d-e8b0bee1ed63%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lat-speech-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lat-speech_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lat-speech_131-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisenShogan1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Risen" title="James Risen">Risen, James</a>; Shogan, Robert (September 16, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-16-mn-5412-story.html">"Differing Versions Cited on Source of Passages: Biden Facing New Flap Over Speeches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081219/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-16-mn-5412-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Differing+Versions+Cited+on+Source+of+Passages%3A+Biden+Facing+New+Flap+Over+Speeches&rft.date=1987-09-16&rft.aulast=Risen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Shogan%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-09-16-mn-5412-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGermondWitcover1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Germond" title="Jack Germond">Germond, Jack</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jules_Witcover" title="Jules Witcover">Witcover, Jules</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whosebroadstripe00germ">Whose Broad Stripes and Bright Stars? The Trivial Pursuit of the Presidency 1988</a>. <a href="/wiki/Warner_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Books">Warner Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-51424-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-51424-8"><bdi>978-0-446-51424-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whose+Broad+Stripes+and+Bright+Stars%3F+The+Trivial+Pursuit+of+the+Presidency+1988&rft.pub=Warner+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-446-51424-8&rft.aulast=Germond&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Witcover%2C+Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhosebroadstripe00germ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd, Maureen</a> (September 16, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/16/us/biden-is-facing-growing-debate-on-his-speeches.html">"Biden Is Facing Growing Debate On His Speeches"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081135/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/16/us/biden-is-facing-growing-debate-on-his-speeches.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden+Is+Facing+Growing+Debate+On+His+Speeches&rft.date=1987-09-16&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F09%2F16%2Fus%2Fbiden-is-facing-growing-debate-on-his-speeches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/29/us/professional-board-clears-biden-in-two-allegations-of-plagiarism.html">"Professional Board Clears Biden In Two Allegations of Plagiarism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. May 29, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707020556/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/29/us/professional-board-clears-biden-in-two-allegations-of-plagiarism.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Professional+Board+Clears+Biden+In+Two+Allegations+of+Plagiarism&rft.date=1989-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F05%2F29%2Fus%2Fprofessional-board-clears-biden-in-two-allegations-of-plagiarism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDionne1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._J._Dionne" title="E. J. Dionne">Dionne, E. J. Jr.</a> (September 22, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/22/us/biden-admits-errors-and-criticizes-latest-report.html">"Biden Admits Errors and Criticizes Latest Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103081243/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/22/us/biden-admits-errors-and-criticizes-latest-report.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden+Admits+Errors+and+Criticizes+Latest+Report&rft.date=1987-09-22&rft.aulast=Dionne&rft.aufirst=E.+J.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F09%2F22%2Fus%2Fbiden-admits-errors-and-criticizes-latest-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1j0FS0Z6ho">1988 Road to the White House with Sen. Biden</a>. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. August 23, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230104111625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1j0FS0Z6ho">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2023. Retrieved January 14, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1988+Road+to+the+White+House+with+Sen.+Biden&rft.pub=C-SPAN&rft.date=2008-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DD1j0FS0Z6ho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlegenheimer2019" class="citation news cs1">Flegenheimer, Matt (June 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/us/politics/biden-1988-presidential-campaign.html">"Biden's First Run for President Was a Calamity. Some Missteps Still Resonate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190603140340/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/us/politics/biden-1988-presidential-campaign.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2019. 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Joseph Biden (D)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a>. August 25, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaljournal.com/conventions/co_20080825_3122.php">the original</a> on September 6, 2008. 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Retrieved October 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden+Decides+Not+to+Enter+Presidential+Race&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=McCain+Nelson&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft.au=Nicholas%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fjoe-biden-decides-not-to-enter-presidential-race-1445444657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHingston2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Hingston, Sandy (October 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phillymag.com/news/2021/10/23/biden-administration-penn/">"The Biden Administration Keeps Tapping Penn People for Major Roles: D.C.'s gain is Philly's loss"</a>. Philadelphia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305173530/https://www.phillymag.com/news/2021/10/23/biden-administration-penn/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2022. 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Retrieved October 1, 2019. <q>Though the timing raised concerns among anti-corruption advocates, there has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either the former vice president or his son.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+prosecutor+says+there+is+no+probe+into+Biden&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.aulast=Isachenkov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fpolitics%2Fukraines-prosecutor-says-there-is-no-probe-into-biden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49842895">"White House 'tried to cover up details of Trump-Ukraine call'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 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Retrieved October 1, 2019. <q>There is no evidence of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=White+House+%27tried+to+cover+up+details+of+Trump-Ukraine+call%27&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-49842895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2021" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Matthew (January 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/01/15/fact-check-conspiracy-theories-falsely-link-bidens-victory-ukraine/4149335001/">"Fact check: False conspiracy theories allege connection between Biden victory and Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608213107/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/01/15/fact-check-conspiracy-theories-falsely-link-bidens-victory-ukraine/4149335001/">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2021. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127201057/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/27/economy/us-fourth-quarter-2021-gdp/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+US+economy+grew+at+the+fastest+rate+in+2021+since+the+Reagan+administration&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft.aulast=Tappe&rft.aufirst=Anneken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F01%2F27%2Feconomy%2Fus-fourth-quarter-2021-gdp%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMutikani2022" class="citation news cs1">Mutikani, Lucia (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-employment-growth-misses-expectations-unemployment-rate-falls-39-2022-01-07/">"U.S. labor market eyes maximum employment despite underwhelming December payrolls"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121221243/https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-employment-growth-misses-expectations-unemployment-rate-falls-39-2022-01-07/">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+labor+market+eyes+maximum+employment+despite+underwhelming+December+payrolls&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Mutikani&rft.aufirst=Lucia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fmarkets%2Fus%2Fus-employment-growth-misses-expectations-unemployment-rate-falls-39-2022-01-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickert2022" class="citation news cs1">Pickert, Reade (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-07/u-s-sees-record-job-growth-in-2021-after-millions-lost-in-2020">"U.S. Sees Record Job Growth in 2021 After Millions Lost in 2020"</a>. Bloomberg News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129065310/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-07/u-s-sees-record-job-growth-in-2021-after-millions-lost-in-2020">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+Sees+Record+Job+Growth+in+2021+After+Millions+Lost+in+2020&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Pickert&rft.aufirst=Reade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-01-07%2Fu-s-sees-record-job-growth-in-2021-after-millions-lost-in-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PAYEMS">"All Employees, Total Nonfarm"</a>. fred.stlouisfed.org. 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There's just one problem, and it is one that will forever taint the 46th president's legacy. Inflation and its onerous burden on households, particularly at the lower end of the income spectrum, dwarfed all the other good that happened on Biden's watch.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Charting+the+Biden+economy%3A+Despite+all+the+growth+and+jobs%2C+a+deeply+unpopular+president&rft.date=2025-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2025%2F01%2F19%2Fcharting-the-biden-economy-deeply-unpopular-despite-growth-and-jobs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2022" class="citation news cs1">Rubin, Gabriel T. (January 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-employers-labor-costs-inflation-11643331612">"U.S. Wages, Benefits Rose at Two-Decade High as Inflation Picked Up"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130032502/https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-employers-labor-costs-inflation-11643331612">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=U.S.+Wages%2C+Benefits+Rose+at+Two-Decade+High+as+Inflation+Picked+Up&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fus-employers-labor-costs-inflation-11643331612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmialekCasselman2022" class="citation news cs1">Smialek, Jeanna; Casselman, Ben (January 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/business/pce-inflation-federal-reserve.html">"Inflation Continued to Run Hot and Consumer Spending Fell in December"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128134006/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/business/pce-inflation-federal-reserve.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Inflation+Continued+to+Run+Hot+and+Consumer+Spending+Fell+in+December&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.aulast=Smialek&rft.aufirst=Jeanna&rft.au=Casselman%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F01%2F28%2Fbusiness%2Fpce-inflation-federal-reserve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIacurci2022" class="citation news cs1">Iacurci, Greg (January 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/31/wage-growth-may-be-slowing-from-breakneck-pace.html">"Wage growth may be slowing from 'breakneck' pace"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203205842/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/31/wage-growth-may-be-slowing-from-breakneck-pace.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wage+growth+may+be+slowing+from+%27breakneck%27+pace&rft.date=2022-01-31&rft.aulast=Iacurci&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F01%2F31%2Fwage-growth-may-be-slowing-from-breakneck-pace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraffeoWang2021" class="citation news cs1">Graffeo, Emily; Wang, Lu (November 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-03/s-p-500-notches-best-one-year-run-after-a-presidential-election">"S&P 500 Is Up 37% Since Biden's Election One Year Ago, Setting Presidential Record"</a>. Bloomberg News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106213451/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-03/s-p-500-notches-best-one-year-run-after-a-presidential-election">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2021. 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January 2, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barrons&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Can%27t+Grow+Its+Way+Out+of+Debt.+Here%27s+What+It+Can+Do.&rft.date=2025-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Famp%2Farticles%2Fus-national-debt-deficit-f64e6712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCHS_H122-362"><a href="#cite_ref-NCHS_H122_362-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/releases.htm">"Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the NHIS, January – June 2022"</a>. CDC.gov. January 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+Insurance+Coverage%3A+Early+Release+of+Estimates+from+the+NHIS%2C+January+%E2%80%93+June+2022&rft.pub=CDC.gov&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fnhis%2Freleases.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptakMattingly2022" class="citation news cs1">Liptak, Kevin; Mattingly, Phil (January 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/28/politics/joe-biden-pittsburgh-trip/index.html">"Biden is aiming to hit the road to reset his presidency. He starts with yet another stop in Pennsylvania"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204225558/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/28/politics/joe-biden-pittsburgh-trip/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2022. 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The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+economy+grew+2.1+percent+in+2022%2C+but+recession+fears+linger&rft.date=2023-01-26&rft.aulast=Bhattarai&rft.aufirst=Abha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2F01%2F26%2Fgdp-2022-q4-economy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesse_PoundSamantha_Subin2022" class="citation news cs1">Jesse Pound; Samantha Subin (December 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/29/stock-market-futures-open-to-close-news.html">"Stocks fall to end Wall Street's worst year since 2008, S&P 500 finishes 2022 down nearly 20%"</a>. CNBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stocks+fall+to+end+Wall+Street%27s+worst+year+since+2008%2C+S%26P+500+finishes+2022+down+nearly+20%25&rft.date=2022-12-30&rft.au=Jesse+Pound&rft.au=Samantha+Subin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F12%2F29%2Fstock-market-futures-open-to-close-news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIacurci2023" class="citation news cs1">Iacurci, Greg (January 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/12/heres-the-inflation-breakdown-for-december-2022-in-one-chart.html">"Here's the inflation breakdown for December 2022 — in one chart"</a>. 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My very first decision as the party nominee in 2020 was to pick Kamala Harris as my Vice President. And it's been the best decision I've made. Today I want to offer my full support and endorsement for Kamala to be the nominee of our party this year. Democrats — it's time to come together and beat Trump. 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Retrieved January 10, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Americans+have+dimmer+view+of+Biden+than+they+did+of+Trump+or+Obama+as+term+ends%2C+AP-NORC+poll+finds&rft.date=2025-01-10&rft.aulast=Weissert&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.au=Thomson-Deveaux%2C+Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbiden-poll-low-ratings-obama-trump-390f25a858bf4cdec28719a2fe17b525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallup20250117-824">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gallup20250117_824-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gallup20250117_824-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/655298/biden-job-approval-second-lowest-among-post-wwii-presidents.aspx">"Biden Job Approval Second Lowest Among Post-WWII Presidents"</a>. Gallup. January 17, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup&rft.atitle=Biden+Job+Approval+Second+Lowest+Among+Post-WWII+Presidents&rft.date=2025-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F655298%2Fbiden-job-approval-second-lowest-among-post-wwii-presidents.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-825"><a href="#cite_ref-825">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane2025" class="citation news cs1">Kane, Paul (January 15, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/15/biden-exits-stage-democrats-are-uncharacteristically-quiet/">"As Biden exits the stage, Democrats are uncharacteristically quiet"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 16, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=As+Biden+exits+the+stage%2C+Democrats+are+uncharacteristically+quiet&rft.date=2025-01-15&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2025%2F01%2F15%2Fbiden-exits-stage-democrats-are-uncharacteristically-quiet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-826"><a href="#cite_ref-826">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoreckiLeeAllen2025" class="citation web cs1">Korecki, Natasha; Lee, Carol E.; Allen, Jonathan (January 16, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/joe-biden-ends-5-decades-public-life-one-greatest-tragedies-american-p-rcna183989">"'One of the great tragedies of American politics': Biden ends 5 decades in public life"</a>. NBC News. Retrieved January 16, 2025. <q>Biden leaves behind a complicated legacy of legislative wins, economic gains and a trail of fractured relationships and grievances within his own party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=%27One+of+the+great+tragedies+of+American+politics%27%3A+Biden+ends+5+decades+in+public+life&rft.date=2025-01-16&rft.aulast=Korecki&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft.au=Lee%2C+Carol+E.&rft.au=Allen%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fjoe-biden%2Fjoe-biden-ends-5-decades-public-life-one-greatest-tragedies-american-p-rcna183989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-827"><a href="#cite_ref-827">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2025" class="citation web cs1">Smith, David (January 18, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2025/jan/18/biden-presidency-legacy-trump-election">"An American tragedy: how Biden paved the way for Trump's White House return"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved January 18, 2025. <q>To admirers, Biden will remain one of the most consequential one-term presidents in US history - to detractors, he was undone by a fatal flaw.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=An+American+tragedy%3A+how+Biden+paved+the+way+for+Trump%27s+White+House+return&rft.date=2025-01-18&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2Fng-interactive%2F2025%2Fjan%2F18%2Fbiden-presidency-legacy-trump-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-828"><a href="#cite_ref-828">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-presidency-opinion-poll-2025-01-19/">Biden's presidency viewed negatively by most Americans — CBS News poll</a> By Jennifer De Pinto, Anthony Salvanto, Fred Backus, Kabir Khanna, January 19, 2025, CBS News. </li> <li id="cite_note-829"><a href="#cite_ref-829">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/15/politics/cnn-poll-biden-presidency/index.html">CNN Poll: Biden leaves office with his approval rating matching the lowest of his term</a>, By Jennifer Agiesta, CNN, Wed January 15, 2025, </li> <li id="cite_note-830"><a href="#cite_ref-830">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-approval-rating/">"How popular is Joe Biden?"</a>. FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved February 3, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=How+popular+is+Joe+Biden%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.fivethirtyeight.com%2Fbiden-approval-rating%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-831"><a href="#cite_ref-831">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbc.com/nbc-insider/joe-biden-snl-actors">"Everyone Who Has Played Joe Biden on SNL"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>. September 27, 2024. Retrieved October 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everyone+Who+Has+Played+Joe+Biden+on+SNL&rft.pub=NBC&rft.date=2024-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbc.com%2Fnbc-insider%2Fjoe-biden-snl-actors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-832"><a href="#cite_ref-832">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/saturday-night-live-nate-bargatze-dana-carvey">"Dana Carvey's Joe Biden Is the Real Star of 'Saturday Night Live'"</a>. Vanity Fair. Retrieved October 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Dana+Carvey%27s+Joe+Biden+Is+the+Real+Star+of+%27Saturday+Night+Live%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2Fstory%2Fsaturday-night-live-nate-bargatze-dana-carvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-833"><a href="#cite_ref-833">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2016" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Liz Shannon (June 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/news/general-news/greg-kinnear-joe-biden-confirmation-emmys-1201682835/">"Greg Kinnear Doesn't Do Impressions, But He Did Channel Joe Biden in 'Confirmation' (Consider This)"</a>. IndieWire. Retrieved November 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Greg+Kinnear+Doesn%27t+Do+Impressions%2C+But+He+Did+Channel+Joe+Biden+in+%27Confirmation%27+%28Consider+This%29&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Liz+Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2Fnews%2Fgeneral-news%2Fgreg-kinnear-joe-biden-confirmation-emmys-1201682835%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-834"><a href="#cite_ref-834">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/">"American Presidents: Greatest and Worst"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute" title="Siena College Research Institute">Siena College Research Institute</a>. June 22, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Siena+College+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=American+Presidents%3A+Greatest+and+Worst&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscri.siena.edu%2F2022%2F06%2F22%2Famerican-presidents-greatest-and-worst%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronner1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Bronner" title="Ethan Bronner">Bronner, Ethan</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforjustice00bron_0">Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook America</a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02690-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02690-0"><bdi>978-0-393-02690-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+for+Justice%3A+How+the+Bork+Nomination+Shook+America&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-393-02690-0&rft.aulast=Bronner&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforjustice00bron_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGadsden2012" class="citation book cs1">Gadsden, Brett (October 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFQE3bLDsS4C">Between North and South: Delaware, Desegregation, and the Myth of American Sectionalism</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0797-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0797-2"><bdi>978-0-8122-0797-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+North+and+South%3A+Delaware%2C+Desegregation%2C+and+the+Myth+of+American+Sectionalism&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2012-10-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0797-2&rft.aulast=Gadsden&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZFQE3bLDsS4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayerAbramson1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Mayer" title="Jane Mayer">Mayer, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jill_Abramson" title="Jill Abramson">Abramson, Jill</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strangejusticese00maye">Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas</a>. Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-63318-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-63318-2"><bdi>978-0-395-63318-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strange+Justice%3A+The+Selling+of+Clarence+Thomas&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-395-63318-2&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Abramson%2C+Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrangejusticese00maye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffe2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wolffe" title="Richard Wolffe">Wolffe, Richard</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/renegademakingof00wolf">Renegade: The Making of a President</a>. New York: Crown Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-46312-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-46312-8"><bdi>978-0-307-46312-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renegade%3A+The+Making+of+a+President&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-307-46312-8&rft.aulast=Wolffe&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frenegademakingof00wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1990" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Paul (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JMxWRDTR_sMC">See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy</a>. Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-57059-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-57059-4"><bdi>978-0-394-57059-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=See+How+They+Run%3A+Electing+the+President+in+an+Age+of+Mediaocracy&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-394-57059-4&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJMxWRDTR_sMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitcover2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Witcover" title="Jules Witcover">Witcover, Jules</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780061791987">Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption</a>. New York City: William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-179198-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-179198-7"><bdi>978-0-06-179198-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joe+Biden%3A+A+Life+of+Trial+and+Redemption&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-06-179198-7&rft.aulast=Witcover&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780061791987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaroneCohen2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barone_(pundit)" title="Michael Barone (pundit)">Barone, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Cohen" title="Richard E. Cohen">Cohen, Richard E.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_0/">The Almanac of American Politics</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Journal_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="National Journal Group">National Journal Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89234-116-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89234-116-0"><bdi>978-0-89234-116-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almanac+of+American+Politics&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Journal+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-89234-116-0&rft.aulast=Barone&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Richard+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falmanacofamerica00mich_0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraper2024" class="citation magazine cs1">Draper, Robert (August 18, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/18/magazine/joe-biden-president-legacy.html">"Joe Biden's Interrupted Presidency"</a>. The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden%27s+Interrupted+Presidency&rft.date=2024-08-18&rft.aulast=Draper&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F08%2F18%2Fmagazine%2Fjoe-biden-president-legacy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevingstonDyson2019" class="citation book cs1">Levingston, Steven; Dyson, Michael (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rqyHDwAAQBAJ">Barack and Joe: The Making of an Extraordinary Partnership</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hachette Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-48788-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-48788-7"><bdi>978-0-316-48788-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barack+and+Joe%3A+The+Making+of+an+Extraordinary+Partnership&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hachette+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-316-48788-7&rft.aulast=Levingston&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Dyson%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrqyHDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoritz1987" class="citation book cs1">Moritz, Charles, ed. (1987). <a href="/wiki/Current_Biography" title="Current Biography">Current Biography Yearbook 1987</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/H._W._Wilson_Company" title="H. W. Wilson Company">H. W. Wilson Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook+1987&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhipple2023" class="citation book cs1">Whipple, Chris (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1CWjEAAAQBAJ">The Fight of His Life: Inside Joe Biden's White House</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-0643-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-0643-0"><bdi>978-1-9821-0643-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fight+of+His+Life%3A+Inside+Joe+Biden%27s+White+House&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-0643-0&rft.aulast=Whipple&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1CWjEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoe+Biden" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Joe Biden at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Joe_Biden" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Joe Biden">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" class="extiw" title="q:Joe Biden">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Joseph_Robinette_Biden" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Joseph Robinette Biden">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Joe Biden <hr></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Joe+Biden&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Joe+Biden">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Joe+Biden&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow">By Joe Biden <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Joe+Biden&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Joe+Biden">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Joe+Biden&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official">Official</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/president-biden/">President Joe Biden</a> official website (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240718211814/https://joebiden.com/">Presidential campaign website</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived July 18, 2024)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/vp">Obama White House biography</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-biden/B000444">Senator Joseph R. Biden</a> (1973–2009)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?34">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0081182/">Joe Biden</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/joseph_r_jr_biden/index.html">Joe Biden</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontheissues.org/joe_biden.htm">Joe Biden</a> at <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/personalities/joe-biden/">Joe Biden</a> at <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Biden&oldid=1276129436">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Biden&oldid=1276129436</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Biden&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 17 February 2025, at 01:30 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%86_%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5%E1%8A%95" title="ጆ ባይድን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጆ ባይድን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioseph_Biden" title="Ioseph Biden – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ioseph Biden" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Баиден, Џьо – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Баиден, Џьо" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86" title="جو بايدن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جو بايدن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83o_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%A8%D5%B6" title="Ճo Պայտըն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճo Պայտըն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%27_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="জ' বাইডেন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জ' বাইডেন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co_Bayden" title="Co Bayden – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Co Bayden" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="جو بایدن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جو بایدن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="জো বাইডেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জো বাইডেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джо Байден – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джо Байден" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Джо Байдэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джо Байдэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%84_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Джозэф Рабінэт Байдэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джозэф Рабінэт Байдэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जो बाइडन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जो बाइडन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Джо Байдън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джо Байдън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джо Байден – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джо Байден" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Robinette_Biden" title="Joseph Robinette Biden – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Joseph Robinette Biden" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86" title="دجو بايدن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دجو بايدن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%AF_%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ޖޯ ބައިޑަން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖޯ ބައިޑަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Τζο Μπάιντεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζο Μπάιντεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Байден, Джо – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Байден, Джо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="جو بایدن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جو بایدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djo_Bayden" title="Djo Bayden – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Djo Bayden" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E7%99%BB" title="喬·拜登 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="喬·拜登" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%A0" title="조 바이든 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조 바이든" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ջո Բայդեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջո Բայդեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जो बाइडन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जो बाइडन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Байден, Джо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Байден, Джо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9F" title="ג'ו ביידן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ו ביידן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೋ ಬೈಡನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೋ ಬೈಡನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯო ბაიდენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯო ბაიდენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%90%DA%88%D9%8E%D9%86" title="جو بایِڈَن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جو بایِڈَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джо Байден – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джо Байден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жо Байден – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жо Байден" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%88_%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ໂຈ ໄບເດັນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂຈ ໄບເດັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Biden" title="Iosephus Biden – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Biden" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEo_Baidens" title="Džo Baidens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džo Baidens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="जो बाइडेन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जो बाइडेन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Џо Бајден – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џо Бајден" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB" title="ജോ ബൈഡെൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോ ബൈഡെൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="जोसेफ बायडेन, जुनियर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोसेफ बायडेन, जुनियर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯო ბაიდენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯო ბაიდენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86" title="چو بايدن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چو بايدن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="جو بایدن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جو بایدن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Джо Байдэн – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Джо Байдэн" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жо Байден – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жо Байден" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျိုး ဘိုင်ဒင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိုး ဘိုင်ဒင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="जो बाइडेन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जो बाइडेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" title="ジョー・バイデン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョー・バイデン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Байден Джозеф – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Байден Джозеф" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Байден, Джо – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Байден, Джо" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jooyi_Baayiden" title="Jooyi Baayiden – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jooyi Baayiden" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੋ ਬਾਈਡਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੋ ਬਾਈਡਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86" title="جو بائیڈن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جو بائیڈن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%89%D9%86" title="جو بایډن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جو بایډن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC_%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ចូ បៃដិន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចូ បៃដិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co_Bayden" title="Co Bayden – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Co Bayden" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джо Байден – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Джо Байден" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Байден, Джо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Байден, Джо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Дьо Байден – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьо Байден" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱳ ᱵᱟᱭᱰᱮᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱳ ᱵᱟᱭᱰᱮᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ජෝ බයිඩන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෝ බයිඩන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%86" title="جو بائيڊن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جو بائيڊن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Джо Баидєнъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Джо Баидєнъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jow_Bayden" title="Jow Bayden – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jow Bayden" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86" title="جۆ بایدن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆ بایدن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Џо Бајден – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џо Бајден" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜோ பைடன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோ பைடன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju_Bayden" title="Ju Bayden – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ju Bayden" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джозеф Байден – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Джозеф Байден" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ၵျူဝ်း ပၢႆႇတႅၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵျူဝ်း ပၢႆႇတႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జో బైడెన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జో బైడెన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="โจ ไบเดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โจ ไบเดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%86_%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ጆ ባይደን – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጆ ባይደን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ҷо Байден – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷо Байден" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A6%E1%8F%A9_%E1%8F%86%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%82" title="ᏦᏩ ᏆᎢᏕᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏦᏩ ᏆᎢᏕᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Ba%C3%BDden" title="Jo Baýden – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Jo Baýden" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Байден, Джо – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Байден, Джо" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%99_%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨍᨚᨕᨙ ᨅᨗᨉᨙᨊ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨍᨚᨕᨙ ᨅᨗᨉᨙᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Джо Байден – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джо Байден" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%86" title="جو بائیڈن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جو بائیڈن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%DB%90%D9%86" title="جو بايدېن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جو بايدېن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiden_D%C5%BEo" title="Baiden Džo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Baiden Džo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideni_Joe" title="Bideni Joe – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bideni Joe" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E7%99%BB" title="乔·拜登 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔·拜登" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9F" title="דזשאו ביידן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דזשאו ביידן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E7%99%BB" title="祖·拜登 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="祖·拜登" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEo_Baidens" title="Džo Baidens – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Džo Baidens" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E7%99%BB" title="乔·拜登 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔·拜登" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Joe Biden" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Moore</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-bnrpt","wgBackendResponseTime":889,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"7.373","walltime":"7.839","ppvisitednodes":{"value":71977,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":2028098,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":44277,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":69,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3120036,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6687.150 1 -total"," 34.10% 2280.139 505 Template:Cite_news"," 13.10% 876.335 185 Template:Cite_web"," 7.75% 518.402 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 6.10% 407.736 27 Template:Sfn"," 2.68% 179.538 44 Template:Cite_magazine"," 2.58% 172.701 106 Template:Main_other"," 2.50% 167.165 1 Template:United_States_presidential_election,_2024"," 2.15% 143.778 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age"," 2.03% 135.818 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"4.829","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":30650263,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFA._Memoli2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAccetti2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdler2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdragna2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllassanPerano2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAlonso-ZaldivarKnickmeyerFoxSpagat2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAltman1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAltman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlvarez2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersen_Brower2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAratani2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnoldLampen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAstor2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAzari2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBade2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2023\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFBakerCooperBarnesSchmitt2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerGonzalez2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerSavageThrushGoldman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldoni2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldorCopp2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarabak2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaroneCohen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrett1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrett2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrow2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBateman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBedigan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeitschSamuels2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBendery2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergWard2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhagat2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhattarai2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiden2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiden2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiden2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiden2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoakHusseinWisemanTang2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoakLong2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorden2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorenstein2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorgerChulov2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoseHolland2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowden2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradnerKriegMerica2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrenan2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBrenan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrenan2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrenanJonesSaad2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBresnahanManuShermanBrown2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreuninger2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrice-Saddler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroadwater2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroder2008\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFBroich2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBronner1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooks2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooks2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownTanno2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownstein\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownstein2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBumiller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBump2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBushard2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBustillo2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBycoffe2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBycoffeBrownRakich2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCadelagoKoreckiBarrón-López2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCadellHudsonAbutaleb2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCairns2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaldera2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalmesBaker2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCamp2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassella2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCathey2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChappell2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharnetzki2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChing2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChowdhuryHammondMeyerSangal2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChun2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChungHurleyHolland2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCillizza2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClifford2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenKlein2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsBrookShesgreen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsJackson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFComerford2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoppMin_Kim2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordesKimO\u0026#039;KeefeJiang2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordesO\u0026#039;KeefeGomez2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCormierTalorico2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCortellessa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCullisonBallhausVolz2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniel2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanielsFertig2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanner2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDart2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeanZaslav2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebusmann2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDebusmann_Jr.Wong2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDel_Real2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelaney2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemirjian2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemirjian2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDennis2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesjardinsMidura2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamondEdwardsQiblawiYosef2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamondFoxZanonaMattingly2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiazTriayFarhi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDionne1987\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFDiverStaff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDovere2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDovere2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDowd1987\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDowd2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDraper2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFE._Sanger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFE_Greve2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbert2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdelman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEderGlueck2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdmondson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwardCrawleySwanson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmber2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmberMartin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnten2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEntous2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpsteinLerer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErikson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEwing2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaircloth2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarley2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrell2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarzan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFauzia2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFifield2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlegenheimer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForanZaslavBarrett2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFossumVasquez2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFram2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFramMillerMadhani2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranke-Ruta2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedersdorf2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrostenson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrump1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFurman2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGadsden2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGadsden2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGambino2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaramone2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaudiano2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaudiano2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGebeilyTaher2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeller2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGermondWitcover1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerstein2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlueckFlegenheimer2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoreFarleyRobertson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraffeoWang2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGramlich2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenMekoFeuer2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberg2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenburg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenfield2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenhouse1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenwood2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreve2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffing2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroves2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGuarino2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalperin2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaltiwanger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanslerLiptakHerbAtwood2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarriman1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrison2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayden2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeilemannHalperin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelsel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenney2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerndon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggins2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHingston2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolland2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollandMackenzie2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollandMason2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollandNichols2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollandPamukStewart2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollandReidMorgan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollandRenshaw2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHounshell2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubbardFreiman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudsonNakashimaLamothe2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunnicutt2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchins2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutzler2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIacurci2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIacurci2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsachenkov2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIssenberg2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFItkowitz2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffeMadhani2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJalonick2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamersonDay2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJennings2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJennings2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJesse_PoundSamantha_Subin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnMcKendPellish2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJones2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJones2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJones2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoselow2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJuddFossum2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKane2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKane2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKane2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanno-YoungsAleaziz2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapurWongTsirkinAinsley2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKashinskyCancrynDaniels2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeithShivaram2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKelley1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKhalid2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKielyFarley2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimble2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKine2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKinery2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKingGroppeWuJansen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitfield2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKleinSaenz2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnickmeyer2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKnickmeyer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnowlesScherer2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoreckiLeeAllen2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKranish2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKruzel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamport2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandayMohammed2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawler2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeibovich2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemire2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemireBoak2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonhardt2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLererEmber2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeubsdorf1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevenson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevey2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevingstonDyson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLillis2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptak2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptak2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptakHansler2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptakKleinSullivan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptakMattingly2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptakSaenz2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptakZelenyCollinsHansler2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLizza2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuhbyLobosco2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLutz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacAskill2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackinnon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadhaniFreking2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadhaniLemire2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadhaniLong2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadhaniMegerianSuperville2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadhaniMillerKnickmeyer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagid2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaitland1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMangan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarquezBowmanKamisar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinBurns2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinMohsinWadhamsLeonard2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinezKhalid2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMascaro2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMascaroFarnoush2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasonBose2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasonRenshawSingh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasonZengerle2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthews2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMattinglyPerezVazquezLiptak2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatza2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayerAbramson1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDermottSteck2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGann2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGraw2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMegan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMegerian2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMegerian2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelander2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMemmott2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMemoli2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerchantMiller2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMericaZeleny2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMillerBoak2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillerPriceWeissertBarrow2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillerRicherLong2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMin_KimMegerianTanner2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinsky\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMiroffSacchettiFrostenson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontanaro2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontanaro2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontanaro2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontanaro2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontopoli2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontoya-Galvez2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMontoya-GalvezBrennanEscobedo2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMooney2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoritz1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMutikani2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMyre2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagle2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagourneyKaplan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagourneyZeleny2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNandita_BoseJarrett_Renshaw2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatterA_DlouhyKrukowska2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaughtie2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaylor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeedham2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewburger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNilsen2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNuckols2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donnell2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Dowd2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;KeefeCook2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neil2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOates2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlivares2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlorunnipaJanesSonmezItkowitz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOppenheimShepherdMurray\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsnos2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOtten2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPage2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPamukAliMartinaAli2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPanetta2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkerHarrisBirnbaumHudson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkerSalman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParsons2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeoples2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeoplesKinnardBarrow2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPettypiece2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPickert2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPifer2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilkington2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPitas2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPomper1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotas2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrakash2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPramuk2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPramuk2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFProkop2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabinowitz2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaffel1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRampton2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandolph1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRappeport2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasmussen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaymond2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRebecca_Beitsch2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinViserMillerDawsey2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinhardViebeckViserCrites2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReston2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuters2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiceVoyles_Pulver2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichterLevey2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRisenShogan1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobillardTerkel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRocca2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoland,_Alex2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomm2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenwald2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubinkam2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRupar2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussert2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalacuse2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalvantoBackusPintoKhanna2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuels2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandstrom2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantucci2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarkadi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScherer2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScherer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchererWagner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneiderHaberkornStokols2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScholtesEmma2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchorKinnard2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchraderMoran2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScocca2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeelye2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeipelHernandez2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeligman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSforza2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShabad,_RebeccaEgwuonwu,_Nnamdi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShabadEgan2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFShabadKapur2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShanker2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapiroMohammadBurnett2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShear2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFShear2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearKanno-YoungsRogers2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearQiu2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearRogers2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearSangerWong2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepardsonMason2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShivaram2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFShpigel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiders2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegel2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegelGregg2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilver2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilver2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkelley2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkelley2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmialekCasselman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmolar2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmolenyak2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoave2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommerlad2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSonmezJeong2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpetalnickMasonHollandZengerle2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSprunt2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinBarrettViser2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteineker2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewartAli2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStokolsCancryn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStolberg2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStolbergMartin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrauss2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramanian2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwire2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamari2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTankersley2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTankersleyCrowley2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTappe2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTapper2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTapper2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThiessen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThursh2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTindera2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToner1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTotenberg2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsirkin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTumulty2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVargas2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerma2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViser\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVolcovici2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVon_Drehle2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWadington2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWald2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallsten2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalter2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaltersHelmore2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWehner2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeisman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiss2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeissert2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeissertSuperville2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeissertThomson-Deveaux2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhipple2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWidakuswara2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsSaenzLiptak2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilsonCoulter2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWingroveSink2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitcover2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWolffe2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWongMazzettiNereim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWongVitaliTraylor2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodward2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWynderSchrader2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoonSweedler2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZak2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZanonaFox2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZanonaTablotFoxGrayer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeballos-Roig2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelenyLiptak2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZengerle2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZengerleCowan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZurcher2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_VogueDiamond2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"1988 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"2008 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"2012 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"2020 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 3,\n [\"Biden Vice Presidential staff\"] = 1,\n [\"Biden cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Biographical Directory of Congress\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Br entries\"] = 1,\n [\"Break\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 4,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 44,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 505,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 184,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Biden, Joe\"] = 1,\n [\"Democratic Party (United States)\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 5,\n [\"Endflatlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Endplainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 2,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 7,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Joe Biden\"] = 1,\n [\"Joe Biden series\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 24,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"Mdashb\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes bottom\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes top\"] = 2,\n [\"New York Times topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Née\"] = 1,\n [\"Obama cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 2,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 6,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 20,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 19,\n [\"S-break\"] = 19,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-new\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-prec\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 20,\n [\"See also\"] = 7,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 27,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Time Persons of the Year\"] = 1,\n [\"US Order of Precedence\"] = 1,\n [\"US Presidents\"] = 1,\n [\"US Senators of Delaware\"] = 1,\n [\"US Vice Presidents\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRec\"] = 1,\n [\"United States presidential election, 2024\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","960","19.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","720","14.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","420","8.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","6.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","280","5.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","220","4.6"],["(for generator)","200","4.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","160","3.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","2.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","100","2.1"],["[others]","1320","27.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-zwrkg","timestamp":"20250217053054","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Joe Biden","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joe_Biden","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6279","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6279","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-09T11:25:09Z","dateModified":"2025-02-17T01:30:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/68\/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg","headline":"46th President of the United States (2021\u20132025)"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>