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<span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisiese_Sosialistiese_Sowjetrepubliek" title="Kirgisiese Sosialistiese Sowjetrepubliek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kirgisiese Sosialistiese Sowjetrepubliek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جمهورية قرغيزستان الاشتراكية السوفيتية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية قرغيزستان الاشتراكية السوفيتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1z%C4%B1stan_Sovet_Sosialist_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Qırğızıstan Sovet Sosialist Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qırğızıstan Sovet Sosialist Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="قیرقیزستان شوروی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیرقیزستان شوروی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Si%C4%81-ho%C4%93-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Kirghiz Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kirghiz Soviet Siā-hoē-chú-gī Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡырғыҙ Совет Социалистик Республикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡырғыҙ Совет Социалистик Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кіргізская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіргізская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кіргіская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіргіская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Киргизка съветска социалистическа република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киргизка съветска социалистическа република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS_Kirgizia" title="RSS Kirgizia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="RSS Kirgizia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A8tica_del_Kirguizstan" title="República Socialista Soviètica del Kirguizstan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Socialista Soviètica del Kirguizstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzsk%C3%A1_sov%C4%9Btsk%C3%A1_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Kyrgyzská sovětská socialistická republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyrgyzská sovětská socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisische_Sozialistische_Sowjetrepublik" title="Kirgisische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kirgisische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisi_NSV" title="Kirgiisi NSV – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirgiisi NSV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κιργιζική Σοβιετική Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιργιζική Σοβιετική Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Kirguist%C3%A1n" title="República Socialista Soviética de Kirguistán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Socialista Soviética de Kirguistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiza_Soveta_Socialisma_Respubliko" title="Kirgiza Soveta Socialisma Respubliko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kirgiza Soveta Socialisma Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiziako_Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialista" title="Kirgiziako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kirgiziako Sobietar Errepublika Sozialista" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی قرقیزستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی قرقیزستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_sovi%C3%A9tique_kirghize" title="République socialiste soviétique kirghize – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République socialiste soviétique kirghize" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobblaght_Hoveidjagh_Hoshiallagh_y_Chyrgistaan" title="Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh y Chyrgistaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh y Chyrgistaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Kirguizist%C3%A1n" title="República Socialista Soviética de Kirguizistán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Socialista Soviética de Kirguizistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%97%90%ED%8A%B8_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="키르기스 소비에트 사회주의 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키르기스 소비에트 사회주의 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D6%80%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ղրղզական Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղրղզական Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiko_Socialista_Sovietiana_Kirgizia" title="Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Kirgizia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Kirgizia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Soviet_Kirgizstan" title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Kirgizstan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Sosialis Soviet Kirgizstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Хъиргъизы Советон Социалистон Республикæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъиргъизы Советон Социалистон Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Socialista_Sovietica_Kirghisa" title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Kirghisa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Kirghisa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה הסובייטית הסוציאליסטית הקירגיזית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הסובייטית הסוציאליסטית הקירגיזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ყირგიზეთის საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყირგიზეთის საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қырғыз Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырғыз Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Kisovyeti_ya_Kijamii_ya_Kikirgizi" title="Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamii ya Kikirgizi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamii ya Kikirgizi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94" title="ກີຈີສສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກີຈີສສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirg%C4%ABzijas_PSR" title="Kirgīzijas PSR – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kirgīzijas PSR" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizijos_TSR" title="Kirgizijos TSR – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kirgizijos TSR" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republega_Socialista_Sovietega_Kirghisa" title="Republega Socialista Sovietega Kirghisa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Republega Socialista Sovietega Kirghisa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz_Szovjet_Szocialista_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Kirgiz Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kirgiz Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Киргиска Советска Социјалистичка Република – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киргиска Советска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="किर्गिझ सोव्हिएत साम्यवादी गणराज्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किर्गिझ सोव्हिएत साम्यवादी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ყირგიზეთიშ სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყირგიზეთიშ სხუნუეფიშ სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizische_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Kirgizische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kirgizische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="キルギス・ソビエト社会主義共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キルギス・ソビエト社会主義共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="ГӀиргӀазойн Советийн Социалистийн Республика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀиргӀазойн Советийн Социалистийн Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisk_Sosialistisk_Sowjetrepubliik" title="Kirgisk Sosialistisk Sowjetrepubliik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kirgisk Sosialistisk Sowjetrepubliik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_kirgisiske_sosialistiske_sovjetrepublikk" title="Den kirgisiske sosialistiske sovjetrepublikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den kirgisiske sosialistiske sovjetrepublikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBiziston_Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikasi" title="Qirgʻiziston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qirgʻiziston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiska_Socjalistyczna_Republika_Radziecka" title="Kirgiska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kirgiska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Sovi%C3%A9tica_Quirguiz" title="República Socialista Soviética Quirguiz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Socialista Soviética Quirguiz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Kirghiz%C4%83" title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Kirghiză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Kirghiză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Киргизская Советская Социалистическая Республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киргизская Советская Социалистическая Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Кыргыс ССР – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыргыс ССР" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Socialiste_Sovjetike_e_Kirgizistanit" title="Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Kirgizistanit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Kirgizistanit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Киргиска Совјетска Социјалистичка Република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Киргиска Совјетска Социјалистичка Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiska_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Kirgiska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kirgiska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisien_sosialistinen_neuvostotasavalta" title="Kirgiisien sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirgiisien sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiziska_SSR" title="Kirgiziska SSR – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kirgiziska SSR" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobyetikong_Sosyalistang_Republika_ng_Kirgistan" title="Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Kirgistan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sobyetikong Sosyalistang Republika ng Kirgistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кыргыз Совет Социалистик Республикасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кыргыз Совет Социалистик Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B" title="สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโซเวียตคีร์กีซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโซเวียตคีร์กีซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D3%AF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷумҳурии Шӯравии Сотсиалистии Қирғизистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Шӯравии Сотсиалистии Қирғизистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zistan_Sovyet_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kırgızistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kırgızistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Киргиз ССР – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Киргиз ССР" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Киргизька Радянська Соціалістична Республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Киргизька Радянська Соціалістична Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="کرغیز سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرغیز سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_X%C3%B4_vi%E1%BA%BFt_Kirghizia" title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết Kirghizia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Xô viết Kirghizia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="吉爾吉斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吉爾吉斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130276#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&params=42_52_N_74_36_E_source:afwiki_region:KG_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°52′N</span> <span class="longitude">74°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.867°N 74.600°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.867; 74.600</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constituent Union republic of the Soviet Union (1936-1991)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Kazakh entity of the name "Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic", see <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic">Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–1990)</span><br /><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>)</span><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Киргизская Советская <br /> Социалистическая Республика</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></span><hr />Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span><br /><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Социалисттик Кыргызстан Республикасы</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>)</span><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Социалистическая Республика Кыргызстан</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></span><hr />Republic of Kyrgyzstan<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1991)</span><br /><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Кыргызстан Республикасы</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>)</span><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Республика Кыргызстан</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Kirghizianame_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirghizianame-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1936–1991</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1952%E2%80%931991);_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_(1991%E2%80%931992).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kyrgyz SSR"><img alt="Flag of Kyrgyz SSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Kyrgyz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic">Flag</a> (1952–1991)</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_SSR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem (1956–1991) of Kyrgyz SSR"><img alt="State emblem (1956–1991) of Kyrgyz SSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_SSR.svg/85px-Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_SSR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_SSR.svg/128px-Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_SSR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_SSR.svg/170px-Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_SSR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="574" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Emblem of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">State emblem</a><br />(1956–1991)</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b>Бардык өлкөлөрдүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! (<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Workers_of_the_world,_unite!" title="Workers of the world, unite!">Bardıq ölkölördün proletarları, birikkile!</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a>)<br />"Workers of all nations, unite!"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Anthem of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасынын Мамлекеттик Гимни</a><br /><i>Kyrgyz Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni</i><br />"Anthem of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic"<br />(1946–1991)<br /><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="166" data-mwtitle="Anthem-ssr-kirghiz-instr-1968.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Anthem-ssr-kirghiz-instr-1968.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/Anthem-ssr-kirghiz-instr-1968.ogg/Anthem-ssr-kirghiz-instr-1968.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirghiz_SSR_in_the_Soviet_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Kirghizia (red) within the Soviet Union from 1956 to 1991"><img alt="Location of Kirghizia (red) within the Soviet Union from 1956 to 1991" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kirghiz_SSR_in_the_Soviet_Union.svg/250px-Kirghiz_SSR_in_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kirghiz_SSR_in_the_Soviet_Union.svg/375px-Kirghiz_SSR_in_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kirghiz_SSR_in_the_Soviet_Union.svg/500px-Kirghiz_SSR_in_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="624" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of Kirghizia (red) within the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> from 1956 to 1991</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Soviet Socialist Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Frunze</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Official languages:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kirghiz</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><br /><b>Minority languages:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kirghiz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Soviet_people" title="Soviet people">Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism">Marxist-Leninist</a> <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_republic_(system_of_government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet republic (system of government)">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist republic</a> (1936–1990)<br /><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a> (1990–1991)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Leadership_of_Communist_Kyrgyzstan" title="Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan">First Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1936–1937 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Moris Belotsky</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1985–1990 (last)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Absamat_Masaliyev" title="Absamat Masaliyev">Absamat Masaliyev</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="President of Kyrgyzstan">Head of state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1936–1937 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdukadyr_Urazbekov" title="Abdukadyr Urazbekov">Abdukadyr Urazbekov</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1990–1991 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Askar_Akayev" title="Askar Akayev">Askar Akayev</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan">Head of government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1936–1937 (first) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Bayaly Isakeyev</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1991 (last) </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Iordan" title="Andrei Iordan">Andrei Iordan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Supreme Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%9336)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–36)">Kirghiz ASSR</a> formed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 February 1926</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Elevation to a Union Republic </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 December 1936</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Osh_riots_(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osh riots (1990)">Osh riots</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">June 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Sovereignty declared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 December 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence declared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence recognized </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 December 1991</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1990)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.640<br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_rouble" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet rouble">Soviet rouble</a> (руб) (SUR)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Telephone numbers in the Soviet Union">+7</a> 319/331/332/334/335</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%9336)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–36)">Kirghiz ASSR</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29_%28reverse%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29_%28reverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29_%28reverse%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29_%28reverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29_%28reverse%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29_%28reverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic</b> (<b>Kirghiz SSR</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the <b>Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic</b> (<b>Kyrgyz SSR</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>KySSR</b> or <b>Kirgiz Soviet Socialist Republic</b> (<b>Kirgiz SSR</b>), was one of the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">constituent republics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (USSR) from 1936 to 1991. It was also known by the names <b>Kyrgyzstan</b> and <b>Soviet Kyrgyzstan</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz language</a>, and as <b>Kirghizia</b> and <b>Soviet Kirghizia</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Landlocked" class="mw-redirect" title="Landlocked">Landlocked</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountainous</a>, it bordered <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbekistan</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakhstan</a> to the north. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kirghizia" title="Communist Party of Kirghizia">Kirghiz branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> governed the republic from 1936 until 1990. </p><p>On 30 October 1990, the Kirghiz SSR was renamed to the <b>Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan</b>; on 15 December, after declaring its state sovereignty, it was renamed again to the <b>Republic of Kyrgyzstan</b>. On 31 August 1991, it transformed into independent <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Kyrgyz</i> is believed to have been derived from the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> word for <i>forty</i>, in reference to the forty clans of <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Manas" title="Epic of Manas">Manas</a>, a legendary hero who united forty regional clans against the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a>. The name <i>Kyrgyzstan</i> or <i>Kirghizstan</i> means 'land of the forty tribes', combined from three words: <i>kyrg</i> (<i>kyrk</i>) meaning 'forty', <i>yz</i> (<i>uz</i>) meaning 'tribes' in East Turkic, and <i><a href="/wiki/-stan" title="-stan">-stan</a></i> meaning 'land' in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Politically, the name of the republic was the <i>Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic</i> as stated in the 1937 and 1978 constitutions. </p><p>From 30 October to 15 December 1990 it was renamed the <i>Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan</i> (or <i>Kirghizia</i>). Afterwards, the <i>socialist</i> prefix was dropped and it became the <i>Republic of Kyrgyzstan</i>. Officially, in Russian, the name of the country in Kyrgyz, <i>Kyrgyzstan</i>, began to be used instead of the Russian <i>Kirghizia</i>. Later, the official name of the state was changed to the <i>Kyrgyz Republic</i>, which was retained after independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirghizianame_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirghizianame-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">History of Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:0; font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc"><span style="color:white;">Eastern Bloc</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Warsaw_Pact_Logo.svg/120px-Warsaw_Pact_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Warsaw_Pact_Logo.svg/180px-Warsaw_Pact_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Warsaw_Pact_Logo.svg/240px-Warsaw_Pact_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="860" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Republics of the Soviet Union"><span style="color:white;">Republics</span></a> of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR"><span style="color:white;">USSR</span></a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelia-Finland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1940–1956)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kirghizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">Transcaucasia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922–1936)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Allied and satellite states</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1978–1989)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Albania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1961)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Angola" title="People's Republic of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin" title="People's Republic of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1961)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="People's Republic of the Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1989)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Revolutionary Government">Grenada</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979–1983)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">Kampuchea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Mozambique" title="People's Republic of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1989)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1989)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somalia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1977)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_South_Vietnam" title="Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam">PRG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(until 1948)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Related organizations</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cominform" title="Cominform">Cominform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">World Federation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Democratic_Youth" title="World Federation of Democratic Youth">World Federation of Democratic Youth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_insurgencies_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe"><span style="color:white;">Opposition</span></a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Soviet_partisans" title="Anti-Soviet partisans">Anti-Soviet partisans</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryani" title="Goryani">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusaders_(guerrilla)" title="Crusaders (guerrilla)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Soviet_resistance_by_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Anti-Soviet resistance by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukraine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Soviet occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_partisans" title="Latvian partisans">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation Jungle</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> Protests and uprisings</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931989)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989)">Poland 1944–1989</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">Poznań 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">1980–89</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Plze%C5%88_uprising" title="1953 Plzeň uprising">Plzeň 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East Germany 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Georgian_demonstrations" title="1956 Georgian demonstrations">Georgia 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungary 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novocherkassk_massacre" title="Novocherkassk massacre">Novocherkassk 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Red_Square_demonstration" title="1968 Red Square demonstration">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_77" title="Charter 77">Czechoslovakia 1976–1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu_Valley_miners%27_strike_of_1977" title="Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977">Romania 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeltoqsan" title="Jeltoqsan">Kazakhstan 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov_rebellion" title="Brașov rebellion">Brașov 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">Tbilisi 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%931991_Ukrainian_revolution" title="1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution">Ukraine 1989–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Baku 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">Lithuania 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">Riga 1991</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Dissent</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_dissidents" title="Soviet dissidents">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_movement_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" title="Dissident movement in the People's Republic of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_attempts_and_victims_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Escape attempts and victims of the inner German border">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_wave_from_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_to_British_Hong_Kong" title="Refugee wave from the People's Republic of China to British Hong Kong">to Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_defectors" title="North Korean defectors">North Korea</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Cold War events</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">Czechoslovak coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">Secret Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a></li> <li><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/De-satellization_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania">De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola" title="Cuban intervention in Angola">Cuban intervention in Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet invasion of Afghanistan">Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Moscow Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Los Angeles Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#db3030; color:white; padding:.1em 0 0 .4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Fall</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">Barricades in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">End of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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Bloc sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Bloc_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Bloc sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:History of Kyrgyzstan">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">History of <span class="fn org label">Kyrgyzstan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyzstan_flag_tunduk.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Emblem of Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kyrgyzstan_flag_tunduk.svg/50px-Kyrgyzstan_flag_tunduk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kyrgyzstan_flag_tunduk.svg/75px-Kyrgyzstan_flag_tunduk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Kyrgyzstan_flag_tunduk.svg/100px-Kyrgyzstan_flag_tunduk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> Timeline</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#Early_history" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Early history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 542–330 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 329–312 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 312–189 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 250–152 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 204–53 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han China</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 101 BC–185 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 30–375</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Former_Liang" title="Former Liang">Former Liang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 301–376</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 330–555</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 383–386</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Later Liang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 386–403</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Hephthalites</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 440–560</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#Islamic_Empires_(710–1218)" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Medieval history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Kyrgyz Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 539–1207</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">Turkic Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 557–603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 559–628</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 603–657</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 603–630</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang China</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 657–751</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 682–744</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 706–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 750–875</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 791–840</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 794–842</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 840–1089</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1089–1141</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1141–1212</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1212–1221</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#The_Mongols_and_their_successors_(1218–1740)" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Early modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1218–1266</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1266–1347</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1347–1514</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1368–1446</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1370–1505</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Khanate" title="Uzbek Khanate">Uzbek Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1437–1471</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Khanate" title="Kazakh Khanate">Kazakh Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1465–1757</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Bukhara" title="Khanate of Bukhara">Khanate of Bukhara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1501–1709</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1514–1705</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1680–1758</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kokand" title="Khanate of Kokand">Khanate of Kokand</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1709–1876</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1757–1841</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Emirate of Bukhara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1841–1876</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kara-Kyrgyz_Khanate" title="Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate">Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1842–1867</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#Russian_Empire:_1876–1917" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Russian Vassalage</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1876–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Urkun" class="mw-redirect" title="Urkun">Urkun</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1916–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomy" title="Turkestan Autonomy">Turkestan Autonomy</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917–1918</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#The_Soviet_Era:_1917–1991" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Soviet rule</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkestan ASSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1924</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kara-Kirghiz_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast">Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1924–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%931936)" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)">Kyrgyz ASSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1926–1936</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz SSR</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1936–1991</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#Independent_Kyrgyzstan:_1991–present" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Independent Kyrgyzstan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tulip_Revolution" title="Tulip Revolution">1st Kyrgyz Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2005</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2010 Kyrgyz Revolution">2nd Kyrgyz Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2020_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2020 Kyrgyz Revolution">3rd Kyrgyz Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2020</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template:History of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template talk:History of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Established on 14 October 1924 as the <a href="/wiki/Kara-Kirghiz_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast">Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">RSFSR</a>, it was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Autonomous_Socialist_Soviet_Republic_(1926%E2%80%9336)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–36)">Kirghiz ASSR</a> (Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic) on 1 February 1926, still being a part of the RSFSR.<sup id="cite_ref-Bennigsen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennigsen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borders were not drawn along ethnic or linguistic lines, however.<sup id="cite_ref-Dana2002_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana2002-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 December 1936, with the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/1936_Soviet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1936 Soviet Constitution">1936 Soviet Constitution</a>, it became a separate constituent republic of the USSR as the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic during the final stages of the <a href="/wiki/National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="National delimitation in the Soviet Union">national delimitation in the Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Group2004_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group2004-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of formation of Kirghizia, its territory was divided into districts (raions). On November 21, 1939, five oblasts (regions) were created: <a href="/wiki/Jalal-Abad_Region" title="Jalal-Abad Region">Jalal-Abad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Issyk_Kul_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Issyk Kul Region">Issyk Kul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osh_Region" title="Osh Region">Osh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naryn_Region" title="Naryn Region">Tyan Shan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BCy_Region" title="Chüy Region">Frunze</a> Oblast]s.<sup id="cite_ref-GSE_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GSE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Incorporated1993_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Incorporated1993-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944, <a href="/wiki/Talas_Region" title="Talas Region">Talas Oblast</a> was established from Frunze but was abolished in 1956. In 1959 the Frunze, Issyk-Kul and Jalal-Abad oblasts were abolished. Frunze and Issyk-Kul became territories under direct republic jurisdiction while Jalal-Abad was joined into Osh. Tyan Shan was the last oblast to be abolished in 1962, and by this point, the rest of the republic with the exception of Osh was divided into districts of republican subordination. In 1970, Issyk-Kul and Naryn (formerly Tien Shan) oblasts were restored, and in 1980 so was Talas. In 1988, the Naryn and Talas oblasts were again abolished; the former was merged with Issyk-Kul, while the later was merged with Osh. However, in 1990 they were restored and at the same time, Jalal-Abad and Chüy (formerly Frunze) were reestablished. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Osh_riots_(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osh riots (1990)">Osh Massacre</a> in 1990 undermined the position of the first secretary. That same year, on 15 December, the Kirghiz SSR was reconstituted as the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Republic of Kyrgyzstan</a> after declaring its sovereignty. On 17 March 1991, Kirghizia supported the <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_Union_referendum" title="1991 Soviet Union referendum">Union preservation referendum</a> with a 95.98% turnout. </p><p>However, this did not come to pass when <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">the hardliners took control of Moscow for three days in August 1991</a>. <a href="/wiki/Askar_Akayev" title="Askar Akayev">Askar Akayev</a>, the first president, unequivocally condemned the putsch and gained fame as a democratic leader. The country declared its independence on 31 August 1991 and the Soviet Union was formally dissolved on 26 December 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-SakwaSakwa2005_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SakwaSakwa2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the 1978 constitution remained in effect after its independence until 1993. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politics of the Soviet Union">Politics of the Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leadership_of_Communist_Kyrgyzstan" title="Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan">Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Politics of Kyrgyzstan">Politics of Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <p>Similar to that of the other Soviet republics, Kirghizia's government took place in the framework of a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist republic">socialist republic</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kirghizia" title="Communist Party of Kirghizia">Communist Party of Kirghizia</a> as the sole legal political party. The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kirghizia served as the head of the party, while the Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet functioned as the executive heads of state and the Chairmen of the Council of Ministers led the legislative branch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Economy of the Soviet Union">Economy of the Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Economy of Kyrgyzstan">Economy of Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1926, the republic had a population of 1,002,000 people. In 1939, 1,458,000 people were recorded. The population grew significantly in the decades after World War II; the republic had 2,065,837 people in 1959, 2,932,805 people in 1970, and 3,529,030 people in 1979. In the final Soviet census of 1989, the republic had grown to 4,257,755 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Pavlenko2008_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pavlenko2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the population were ethnic <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a>. However, because large numbers were sent there in deportations, at times there were other significant ethnic groups. Between March and May 1944 alone, it was reported in the Kremlin that 602,193 residents of the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a> region had been deported to the Kirghiz and Kazakh SSRs, of which 496,460 were <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a>, 68,327 of which were <a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a> and 37,406 were <a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tishkov2004_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tishkov2004-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the Kyrgyz population are <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> and speak a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> language. <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a> had the largest concentration of Russians in the country, some 22% of the population by independence, with Uzbek minorities in the <a href="/wiki/Fergana_Valley" title="Fergana Valley">Fergana Valley</a> especially constituting some 13% of the population. In 1990, violent clashes between the Uzbek and Kyrgyz peoples broke out in the Osh Region; ethnic tensions still remain in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-RubinPong2001_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RubinPong2001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Religion in Kyrgyzstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">Religion in the Soviet Union</a></div> <p>Under Soviet rule, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in Kirghizia was heavily suppressed with people actively encouraging <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>Soviet authorities permitted limited religious activity in all the majority-Muslim Soviet republics. Most of the Russian population of Kirghizia were atheist or <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a>. After independence, the country enjoyed greater religious freedom and remains to this day a secular state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyzstan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kyrgyzstan.png/220px-Kyrgyzstan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kyrgyzstan.png/330px-Kyrgyzstan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kyrgyzstan.png/440px-Kyrgyzstan.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>A map of modern Kyrgyzstan, with the same borders as the former Kirghizia</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Geography of Kyrgyzstan">Geography of Kyrgyzstan</a></div> <p>Kirghizia, a landlocked republic in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Soviet Central Asia</a> shared its borders with <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbekistan</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> on the outside lying between latitudes <a href="/wiki/39th_parallel_north" title="39th parallel north">39°</a> and <a href="/wiki/44th_parallel_north" title="44th parallel north">44° N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/69th_meridian_east" title="69th meridian east">69°</a> and <a href="/wiki/81st_meridian_east" title="81st meridian east">81° E</a>. It is farther from the sea than any other individual country, and all its rivers flow into <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">closed drainage systems which do not reach the sea</a>. The mountainous region of the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> covers over 80% of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the remainder made up of valleys and basins. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Issyk-Kul_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Issyk-Kul Lake">Issyk-Kul Lake</a>, or <span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky">Ysyk-Köl</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>, in the north-eastern Tian Shan is the largest lake in Kyrgyzstan and the second largest mountain lake in the world after <a href="/wiki/Titicaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Titicaca">Titicaca</a>. The highest peaks are in the <a href="/wiki/Kakshaal_Too" title="Kakshaal Too">Kakshaal Too</a> range, forming the Chinese border. Peak <a href="/wiki/Jengish_Chokusu" title="Jengish Chokusu">Jengish Chokusu</a>, at 7,439 m (24,406 ft), is the highest point and is considered by geologists to be the northernmost peak over 7,000 m (22,966 ft) in the world. Heavy snowfall in winter leads to spring floods which often cause serious damage downstream. The runoff from the mountains is also used for <a href="/wiki/Hydro-electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro-electricity">hydro-electricity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Culture of Kyrgyzstan">Culture of Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Culture of the Soviet Union">Culture of the Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz cuisine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet cuisine</a></div> <p>As the Soviet Union respected other cultures even after delimitation, there are a wide variety of cultural items in Kirghizia listed here: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Manas_(epic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manas (epic)">Manas</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komuz" title="Komuz">Komuz</a></i>, a three-stringed lute</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tush_kyiz" title="Tush kyiz">Tush kyiz</a></i>, large, elaborately embroidered wall hangings</li> <li><i>Shirdak</i>, flat cushions made in shadow-pairs<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>, especially made from <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions">Traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Public holidays in the Soviet Union">Public holidays in the Soviet Union</a></div> <p>Apart from celebrating the New Year each 1 January, Kirghizia, like all Soviet Republics, observed the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Great October Socialist Revolution</a> on 7 November. Its festivals and traditions such as <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Ulak Tartish</a> were suppressed by the Soviet authorities. </p><p>The tradition of <a href="/wiki/Bride_kidnapping" title="Bride kidnapping">bride kidnapping</a>, which remains illegal to this day, was suppressed by the Soviet regime.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is debatable whether bride kidnapping is actually traditional. Some of the confusion may stem from the fact that <a href="/wiki/Arranged_marriage" title="Arranged marriage">arranged marriages</a> were traditional, and one of the ways to escape an arranged marriage was to arrange a consensual "kidnapping".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rusted_Soviet_hammer_and_sickle_in_Kyrgyzstan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rusted_Soviet_hammer_and_sickle_in_Kyrgyzstan.jpg/220px-Rusted_Soviet_hammer_and_sickle_in_Kyrgyzstan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rusted_Soviet_hammer_and_sickle_in_Kyrgyzstan.jpg/330px-Rusted_Soviet_hammer_and_sickle_in_Kyrgyzstan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rusted_Soviet_hammer_and_sickle_in_Kyrgyzstan.jpg/440px-Rusted_Soviet_hammer_and_sickle_in_Kyrgyzstan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4900" data-file-height="3267" /></a><figcaption>Rusted Soviet hammer and sickle in Kyrgyzstan</figcaption></figure> <p>According to a 2013 <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a> poll, 62% of <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a> said that the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Collapse of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> harmed their country, while only 16% said that the collapse benefited it.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poll also showed that well-educated Kyrgyz people were more likely to say that the breakup harmed their country.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_of_Communist_Kyrgyzstan" title="Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan">Leadership of Communist Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interhelpo" title="Interhelpo">Interhelpo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Soviet_Kirgizia" title="Daughter of Soviet Kirgizia">Daughter of Soviet Kirgizia</a></i> (painting)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>: <span lang="ky">Кыргыз Советтик Социалисттик Республикасы (Кыргыз ССР)</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Kyrgyz-language romanization"><i lang="ky-Latn">Kyrgyz Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikasy (Kyrgyz SSR)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Киргизская Советская Социалистическая Республика (Киргизская ССР)</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Kirgizskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika (Kirgizskaya SSR)</i></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kyrgyz: <span lang="ky">Кыргызстан, Советтик Кыргызстан</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Kyrgyz-language romanization"><i lang="ky-Latn">Kyrgyzstan, Sovettik Kyrgyzstan</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian: <span lang="ru">Киргизия, Советская Киргизия</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Kirgiziya, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kirghizianame-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirghizianame_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirghizianame_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f5wcH0abSQcC&dq=kirghizia+renamed+kyrgyzstan+soviet+1990&pg=PA183"><i>A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia</i></a>. From 15 October 1990 to 15 December 1990, it was named the Socialist Republic of Kirghizia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On 27 October 1990, article 6 on the monopoly of the Communist Party of Kirghizia on power was excluded from the Constitution of the Kirghiz SSR</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCholpon_Chotaeva" class="citation book cs1">Cholpon Chotaeva. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.auca.kg/bitstream/123456789/2386/3/Chotaeva_History%20of%20Kyrgyzstan_2016.pdf"><i>History of Kyrgyzstan (Lecture book)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Kyrgyzstan+%28Lecture+book%29&rft.au=Cholpon+Chotaeva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.auca.kg%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F2386%2F3%2FChotaeva_History%2520of%2520Kyrgyzstan_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson World Atlas, A Metric Atlas - <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_(publisher)" title="Thomas Nelson (publisher)">Nelson</a>, 1974</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483">Forty tribes and the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091007073629/http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483">Archived</a> 2009-10-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SRAS–The School of Russian and Asian Studies</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennigsen-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennigsen_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennigsenBroxup2014" class="citation book cs1">Bennigsen, Alexandre; Broxup, Marie (3 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N2O4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA42"><i>The Islamic Threat to the Soviet State (Routledge Revivals)</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 42–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-83171-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-83171-6"><bdi>978-1-317-83171-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Threat+to+the+Soviet+State+%28Routledge+Revivals%29&rft.pages=42-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.isbn=978-1-317-83171-6&rft.aulast=Bennigsen&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.au=Broxup%2C+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN2O4AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana2002-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dana2002_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDana2002" class="citation book cs1">Dana, Leo Paul (1 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NmMjMuO2Nu4C&pg=PA65"><i>When Economies Change Paths: Models of Transition in China, the Central Asian Republics, Myanmar & the Nations of Former Indochine Française</i></a>. World Scientific. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-277-745-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-277-745-4"><bdi>978-981-277-745-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Economies+Change+Paths%3A+Models+of+Transition+in+China%2C+the+Central+Asian+Republics%2C+Myanmar+%26+the+Nations+of+Former+Indochine+Fran%C3%A7aise&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-981-277-745-4&rft.aulast=Dana&rft.aufirst=Leo+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNmMjMuO2Nu4C%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Group2004-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Group2004_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroup2004" class="citation book cs1">Group, Taylor & Francis (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA2543"><i>Europa World Year</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 2543. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-255-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-255-8"><bdi>978-1-85743-255-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europa+World+Year&rft.pages=2543&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-255-8&rft.aulast=Group&rft.aufirst=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgP_-8rXzQs8C%26pg%3DPA2543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GSE-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GSE_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article061338.html">Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic</a></i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a></i> (in Russian) – via Great Scientific Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Incorporated1993-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Incorporated1993_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e7MmAAAAMAAJ"><i>Encyclopedia Americana</i></a>. Grolier Incorporated. 1993. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780717201242" title="Special:BookSources/9780717201242"><bdi>9780717201242</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Grolier+Incorporated&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780717201242&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De7MmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SakwaSakwa2005-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SakwaSakwa2005_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakwaSakwa2005" class="citation book cs1">Sakwa, Professor of Russian and Foreign Policy Richard; Sakwa, Richard (17 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ6IAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA480"><i>The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union</i></a>. Routledge. p. 480. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-80602-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-80602-7"><bdi>978-1-134-80602-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.pages=480&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-08-17&rft.isbn=978-1-134-80602-7&rft.aulast=Sakwa&rft.aufirst=Professor+of+Russian+and+Foreign+Policy+Richard&rft.au=Sakwa%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCJ6IAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pavlenko2008-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pavlenko2008_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlenko2008" class="citation book cs1">Pavlenko, Aneta (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WO_I4d612fMC&pg=PA206"><i>Multilingualism in Post-Soviet Countries</i></a>. Multilingual Matters. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84769-087-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84769-087-6"><bdi>978-1-84769-087-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multilingualism+in+Post-Soviet+Countries&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84769-087-6&rft.aulast=Pavlenko&rft.aufirst=Aneta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWO_I4d612fMC%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tishkov2004-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tishkov2004_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTishkov2004" class="citation book cs1">Tishkov, Valery Aleksandrovich (15 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BbYP8pOVv-AC&pg=PA25"><i>Chechnya: Life in a War-Torn Society</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93020-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93020-9"><bdi>978-0-520-93020-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chechnya%3A+Life+in+a+War-Torn+Society&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004-05-15&rft.isbn=978-0-520-93020-9&rft.aulast=Tishkov&rft.aufirst=Valery+Aleksandrovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBbYP8pOVv-AC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RubinPong2001-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RubinPong2001_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinPongChaturvediRamendu_Majumdar2001" class="citation book cs1">Rubin, Don; Pong, Chua Soo; Chaturvedi, Ravi; <a href="/wiki/Ramendu_Majumdar" title="Ramendu Majumdar">Ramendu Majumdar</a>; Minoru Tanokura (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maGU4ziPQJQC&pg=PA274"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9"><bdi>978-0-415-26087-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Theatre%3A+Asia%2FPacific&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26087-9&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Pong%2C+Chua+Soo&rft.au=Chaturvedi%2C+Ravi&rft.au=Ramendu+Majumdar&rft.au=Minoru+Tanokura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmaGU4ziPQJQC%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscobar2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Escobar, Pepe (26 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050327033351/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/GC26Ag03.html">"The Tulip Revolution takes root"</a>. Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 27 March 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tulip+Revolution+takes+root&rft.pub=Asia+Times+Online&rft.date=2005-03-26&rft.aulast=Escobar&rft.aufirst=Pepe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FCentral_Asia%2FGC26Ag03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAidar,_Iliyas" class="citation web cs1">Aidar, Iliyas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061111022300/http://www.kyrgyzstyle.kg/production/shirdaks/index.htm">"Kyrgyz Style – Production – Souvenirs"</a>. Kyrgyzstyle.kg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyrgyzstyle.kg/production/shirdaks/index.htm">the original</a> on 11 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz+Style+%E2%80%93+Production+%E2%80%93+Souvenirs&rft.pub=Kyrgyzstyle.kg&rft.au=Aidar%2C+Iliyas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyrgyzstyle.kg%2Fproduction%2Fshirdaks%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLom2004" class="citation web cs1">Lom, Petr (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/kyrgyzstan/thestory.html">"Synopsis of <i>"The Kidnapped Bride"</i>"</a>. Frontline/World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Synopsis+of+%22The+Kidnapped+Bride%22&rft.pub=Frontline%2FWorld&rft.date=2004-03&rft.aulast=Lom&rft.aufirst=Petr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Ffrontlineworld%2Fstories%2Fkyrgyzstan%2Fthestory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pantheon.hrw.org/reports/2006/kyrgyzstan0906/">"Reconciled to Violence: State Failure to Stop Domestic Abuse and Abduction of Women in Kyrgyzstan"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch Report</i>. September 2006, Vol. 18, No.9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsipovaRay2013" class="citation web cs1">Esipova, Neli; Ray, Julie (2013-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/166538/former-soviet-countries-harm-breakup.aspx">"Former Soviet Countries See More Harm From Breakup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup&rft.atitle=Former+Soviet+Countries+See+More+Harm+From+Breakup&rft.date=2013-12-19&rft.aulast=Esipova&rft.aufirst=Neli&rft.au=Ray%2C+Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F166538%2Fformer-soviet-countries-harm-breakup.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKirghiz+Soviet+Socialist+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fatland, E. (2020). <i>Sovietistan: Travels in Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan.</i> New York: Pegasus Books.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1922–1991)86" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Creation_of_the_Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" title="Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics">Founders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former parts of <br /> the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmen SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh SSR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kirghiz SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbek SSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annexed in <a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Latvian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short-lived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelo-Finnish SSR</a> (1940–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic">Transcaucasian SFSR</a> (1922–1936)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-union republics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Soviet_Republic_of_Abkhazia" title="Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia">SSR Abkhazia</a> (1921–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_People%27s_Soviet_Republic" title="Bukharan People's Soviet Republic">Bukharan SSR</a> (1920–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorezm_People%27s_Soviet_Republic" title="Khorezm People's Soviet Republic">Khorezm SSR</a> (1920–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Abkhaz ASSR</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR</a> (1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kyrgyzstan_articles575" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kyrgyzstan_topics" title="Template:Kyrgyzstan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kyrgyzstan_topics" title="Template talk:Kyrgyzstan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kyrgyzstan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kyrgyzstan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kyrgyzstan_articles575" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Kyrgyzstan-related_articles" title="Index of Kyrgyzstan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kokand" title="Khanate of Kokand">Khanate of Kokand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Basmachi movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soviet era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osh_riots_(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osh riots (1990)">Osh riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Revolution" title="Tulip Revolution">Tulip Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2010 Kyrgyz Revolution">2010 Kyrgyz Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2020 Kyrgyz Revolution">2020 Kyrgyz Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Emblem of Kyrgyzstan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/180px-Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/240px-Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Geography of Kyrgyzstan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template:Borders of Kyrgyzstan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of cities in Kyrgyzstan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Environmental issues in Kyrgyzstan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of mountain ranges in Kyrgyzstan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Protected areas of Kyrgyzstan">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Regions of Kyrgyzstan">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Districts of Kyrgyzstan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of rivers of Kyrgyzstan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of valleys of Kyrgyzstan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Fauna of Kyrgyzstan">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Politics of Kyrgyzstan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Union" title="Central Asian Union">Central Asian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Constitution of Kyrgyzstan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Elections in Kyrgyzstan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Foreign relations of Kyrgyzstan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Human rights in Kyrgyzstan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kyrgyzstan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_(Kyrgyzstan)" title="Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="List of political parties in Kyrgyzstan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="President of Kyrgyzstan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Economy of Kyrgyzstan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Agriculture in Kyrgyzstan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Banking in Kyrgyzstan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic" title="National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Energy in Kyrgyzstan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstani_som" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstani som">Som <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Tourism in Kyrgyzstan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Transport in Kyrgyzstan">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Society of Kyrgyzstan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Abortion in Kyrgyzstan">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Demographics of Kyrgyzstan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Education in Kyrgyzstan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Health in Kyrgyzstan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Prostitution in Kyrgyzstan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Sex trafficking in Kyrgyzstan">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Squatting in Kyrgyzstan">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Culture of Kyrgyzstan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ala_kachuu" title="Ala kachuu">Ala kachuu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Central_Asia" title="Architecture of Central Asia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kyrgyzstani_films" title="List of Kyrgyzstani films">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Mass media in Kyrgyzstan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Music of Kyrgyzstan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Public holidays in Kyrgyzstan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Kyrgyzstan">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="National symbols of Kyrgyzstan">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127774374">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kirghiz S.S.R."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81059697">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987013002784705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output 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