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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ornamental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornamental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ornamental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornamental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fruit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayahuasca_analog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayahuasca_analog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ayahuasca analog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayahuasca_analog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_medicine_and_dietary_supplement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_medicine_and_dietary_supplement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Traditional medicine and dietary supplement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_medicine_and_dietary_supplement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Passiflora</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="زهرة الآلام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زهرة الآلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qonaqotu" title="Qonaqotu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qonaqotu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%92%D8%AA%D9%88" title="قوناق اوْتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوناق اوْتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пасифлора – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пасифлора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denka" title="Mučenka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mučenka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passionsblumen" title="Passionsblumen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Passionsblumen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifloro" title="Pasifloro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pasifloro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="گل ساعتی (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گل ساعتی (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflore" title="Passiflore – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Passiflore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus_na_p%C3%A1ise" title="Lus na páise – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lus na páise" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiflora" title="Pasiflora – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pasiflora" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Պասիֆլորա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պասիֆլորա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%86erpjenka" title="Ćerpjenka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ćerpjenka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiflora" title="Pasiflora – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pasiflora" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifloro" title="Pasifloro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pasifloro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שעונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שעונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1" title="ಜುಮಿಕಿ ಗಿಡ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜುಮಿಕಿ ಗಿಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="პასიფლორა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პასიფლორა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkarakara" title="Mkarakara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkarakara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiflora" title="Pasiflora – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pasiflora" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgotavir%C3%A1g" title="Golgotavirág – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Golgotavirág" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1" title="പാസ്സിഫ്ലോറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാസ്സിഫ്ലോറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dhia" title="Kōhia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kōhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="زهرة الآلام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زهرة الآلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D9%84" title="ساعت گل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ساعت گل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiebloem" title="Passiebloem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Passiebloem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="شامی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شامی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%99czennica" title="Męczennica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Męczennica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kururunku" title="Kururunku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kururunku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Страстоцвет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Страстоцвет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dkeyso" title="Dkeyso – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Dkeyso" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristov_venac" title="Hristov venac – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hristov venac" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" title="Passiflora – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Passiflora" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaceprek" title="Kaceprek – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaceprek" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiot" title="Passiot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Passiot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passionsblomssl%C3%A4ktet" title="Passionsblomssläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Passionsblomssläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="జుమికి పువ్వు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జుమికి పువ్వు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81" title="สกุลกะทกรก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สกุลกะทกรก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ark%C4%B1felek_(bitki)" title="Çarkıfelek (bitki) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çarkıfelek (bitki)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Пасифлора – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пасифлора" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_L%E1%BA%A1c_ti%C3%AAn" title="Chi Lạc tiên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Lạc tiên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Passion Flower" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Passion_Flower_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Passion Flower (disambiguation)">Passion Flower (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Passiflora</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:OQ_Passion_flower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/OQ_Passion_flower.jpg/220px-OQ_Passion_flower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/OQ_Passion_flower.jpg/330px-OQ_Passion_flower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/OQ_Passion_flower.jpg/440px-OQ_Passion_flower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="797" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_incarnata" title="Passiflora incarnata">Passiflora incarnata</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Parcha_granadilla.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Parcha_granadilla.JPG/220px-Parcha_granadilla.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Parcha_granadilla.JPG/330px-Parcha_granadilla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Parcha_granadilla.JPG/440px-Parcha_granadilla.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_quadrangularis" title="Passiflora quadrangularis">P. quadrangularis</a> unripe fruit</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Passiflora" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passifloroideae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passifloroideae (page does not exist)">Passifloroideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passifloreae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passifloreae (page does not exist)">Passifloreae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Passiflora</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_incarnata" title="Passiflora incarnata">Passiflora incarnata</a></i> L.<sup id="cite_ref-IPNI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPNI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>About 550, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Passiflora_species" title="List of Passiflora species">list</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-POWO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Decaloba</i> <a href="/wiki/M.Roem." class="mw-redirect" title="M.Roem.">M.Roem.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Anthactinia</i> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bory_de_Saint-Vincent" title="Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent">Bory</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Asephananthes</i> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bory_de_Saint-Vincent" title="Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent">Bory</a> ex <a href="/wiki/DC." class="mw-redirect" title="DC.">DC.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Astephananthes</i> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bory_de_Saint-Vincent" title="Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent">Bory</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Astrophea</i> <a href="/wiki/Rchb." class="mw-redirect" title="Rchb.">Rchb.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Baldwinia</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Blephistelma</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Ceratosepalum</i> <a href="/wiki/Oerst." class="mw-redirect" title="Oerst.">Oerst.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Cieca</i> <a href="/wiki/Medik." class="mw-redirect" title="Medik.">Medik.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Disemma</i> <a href="/wiki/Labill." class="mw-redirect" title="Labill.">Labill.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Distephana</i> (<a href="/wiki/DC." class="mw-redirect" title="DC.">DC.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Juss." class="mw-redirect" title="Juss.">Juss.</a> ex <a href="/wiki/M.Roem." class="mw-redirect" title="M.Roem.">M.Roem.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Distephia</i> <a href="/wiki/Salisb." class="mw-redirect" title="Salisb.">Salisb.</a> ex <a href="/wiki/DC." class="mw-redirect" title="DC.">DC.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Dysosmia</i> <a href="/wiki/M.Roem." class="mw-redirect" title="M.Roem.">M.Roem.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Erndelia</i> <a href="/wiki/Neck." class="mw-redirect" title="Neck.">Neck.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Granadilla</i> <a href="/wiki/Mill." class="mw-redirect" title="Mill.">Mill.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hollrungia</i> <a href="/wiki/K.Schum." class="mw-redirect" title="K.Schum.">K.Schum.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Lortetia</i> <a href="/wiki/Ser." class="mw-redirect" title="Ser.">Ser.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Macrophora</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Meioperis</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Monactineirma</i> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bory_de_Saint-Vincent" title="Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent">Bory</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Murucuia</i> <a href="/wiki/Mill." class="mw-redirect" title="Mill.">Mill.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Odostelma</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Pentaria</i> <a href="/wiki/M.Roem." class="mw-redirect" title="M.Roem.">M.Roem.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Peremis</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Pericodia</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Poggendorffia</i> <a href="/wiki/H.Karst." class="mw-redirect" title="H.Karst.">H.Karst.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Psilanthus</i> (<a href="/wiki/DC." class="mw-redirect" title="DC.">DC.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Juss." class="mw-redirect" title="Juss.">Juss.</a> ex <a href="/wiki/M.Roem." class="mw-redirect" title="M.Roem.">M.Roem.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Rathea</i> <a href="/wiki/H.Karst." class="mw-redirect" title="H.Karst.">H.Karst.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Senapea</i> <a href="/wiki/Aubl." class="mw-redirect" title="Aubl.">Aubl.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Synactila</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Tacsonia</i> <a href="/wiki/Juss." class="mw-redirect" title="Juss.">Juss.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Tetrapathaea</i> <a href="/wiki/Rchb." class="mw-redirect" title="Rchb.">Rchb.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Tetrastylis</i> <a href="/wiki/Barb.Rodr." class="mw-redirect" title="Barb.Rodr.">Barb.Rodr.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Tripsilina</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Xerogona</i> <a href="/wiki/Raf." class="mw-redirect" title="Raf.">Raf.</a> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Passiflora</b></i>, known also as the <b>passion flowers</b> or <b>passion vines</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of about 550 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">type genus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They are mostly <a href="/wiki/Tendril" title="Tendril">tendril-bearing</a> <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vines</a>, with some being <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a>. They can be <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">woody</a> or <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ulmer_&_McDougal,_2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulmer_&_McDougal,_2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Passion flowers produce regular and usually showy <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> with a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Perianth#Corona" title="Perianth">corona</a>. There can be as many as eight concentric coronal series, as in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_xiikzodz" title="Passiflora xiikzodz">P. xiikzodz</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ulmer_&_McDougal,_2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulmer_&_McDougal,_2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flower is <a href="/wiki/Merosity" title="Merosity">pentamerous</a> (except for a few <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian">Southeast Asian</a> species) and ripens into an <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">indehiscent fruit</a> with numerous seeds. </p><p>The fruit ranges from 5–20 centimetres (2–8 in) long and 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) across, depending upon the species or <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:397px;max-width:397px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:241px;max-width:241px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chrysin.svg/239px-Chrysin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="239" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chrysin.svg/359px-Chrysin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chrysin.svg/478px-Chrysin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Chrysin" title="Chrysin">Chrysin</a>, a commercially important <a href="/wiki/Flavone" title="Flavone">flavone</a> found in <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_caerulea" title="Passiflora caerulea">P. caerulea</a></i> (blue passion flower)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harman.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Harman.svg/150px-Harman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Harman.svg/225px-Harman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Harman.svg/300px-Harman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="113" data-file-height="113" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Harman, a <a href="/wiki/Harmala_alkaloid" title="Harmala alkaloid">harmala alkaloid</a> found in many species of <i>Passiflora</i></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Many species of <i>Passiflora</i> have been found to contain <a href="/wiki/Beta-carboline" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-carboline">beta-carboline</a> <a href="/wiki/Harmala_alkaloid" title="Harmala alkaloid">harmala alkaloids</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duke_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duke-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meuninck_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meuninck-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some of which are <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">MAO inhibitors</a>. The flower and fruit have only traces of these chemicals, but the leaves and the roots often contain more.<sup id="cite_ref-Meuninck_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meuninck-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common of these alkaloids is <a href="/wiki/Harmala_alkaloid" title="Harmala alkaloid">harman</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Harmaline" title="Harmaline">harmaline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmalol" title="Harmalol">harmalol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmine" title="Harmine">harmine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harmol" title="Harmol">harmol</a> are also present.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duke_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duke-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species known to bear such alkaloids include: <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_actinia" title="Passiflora actinia">P. actinia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_alata" title="Passiflora alata">P. alata</a></i> (winged-stem passion flower), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_alba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora alba (page does not exist)">P. alba</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_bryonioides" title="Passiflora bryonioides">P. bryonioides</a></i> (cupped passion flower), <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_caerulea" title="Passiflora caerulea">P. caerulea</a></i> (blue passion flower), <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_capsularis" title="Passiflora capsularis">P. capsularis</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_decaisneana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora decaisneana (page does not exist)">P. decaisneana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">P. edulis</a></i> (passion fruit), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_eichleriana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora eichleriana (page does not exist)">P. eichleriana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_foetida" title="Passiflora foetida">P. foetida</a></i> (stinking passion flower), <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_incarnata" title="Passiflora incarnata">P. incarnata</a></i> (maypop), <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_quadrangularis" title="Passiflora quadrangularis">P. quadrangularis</a></i> (giant granadilla), <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_suberosa" title="Passiflora suberosa">P. suberosa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_subpeltata" title="Passiflora subpeltata">P. subpeltata</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_warmingii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora warmingii (page does not exist)">P. warmingii</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duke_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duke-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other compounds found in passion flowers are <a href="/wiki/Coumarins" class="mw-redirect" title="Coumarins">coumarins</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Scopoletin" title="Scopoletin">scopoletin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umbelliferone" title="Umbelliferone">umbelliferone</a>), <a href="/wiki/Maltol" title="Maltol">maltol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phytosterol" title="Phytosterol">phytosterols</a> (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutenin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutenin (page does not exist)">lutenin</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Cyanogenic_glycosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanogenic glycosides">cyanogenic glycosides</a> (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gynocardin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gynocardin (page does not exist)">gynocardin</a>) which render some species, i.e. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_adenopoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora adenopoda (page does not exist)">P. adenopoda</a></i>, somewhat poisonous. Many <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Glycoside" title="Glycoside">glycosides</a> have been found in <i>Passiflora</i>, including <a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">apigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta-Naphthoflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Naphthoflavone">benzoflavone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homoorientin" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoorientin">homoorientin</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=7-isoorientin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-isoorientin (page does not exist)">7-isoorientin</a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoshaftoside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoshaftoside (page does not exist)">isoshaftoside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isovitexin" title="Isovitexin">isovitexin</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Saponaretin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saponaretin">saponaretin</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">kaempferol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucenin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucenin (page does not exist)">lucenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luteolin" title="Luteolin">luteolin</a>, <span class="nowrap">n-<a href="/wiki/Orientin" title="Orientin">orientin</a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflorine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflorine (page does not exist)">passiflorine</a> (named after the genus), <a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">quercetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutin" title="Rutin">rutin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saponarin" title="Saponarin">saponarin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaftoside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaftoside (page does not exist)">shaftoside</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicenin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicenin (page does not exist)">vicenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitexin" title="Vitexin">vitexin</a>. Maypop, <a href="/wiki/Blue_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue passion flower">blue passion flower</a> (<i>P. caerulea</i>), and perhaps others contain the <a href="/wiki/Flavone" title="Flavone">flavone</a> <a href="/wiki/Chrysin" title="Chrysin">chrysin</a>. Also documented to occur at least in some <i>Passiflora</i> in quantity are the <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> <a href="/wiki/Nonacosane" title="Nonacosane">nonacosane</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anthocyanidin" title="Anthocyanidin">anthocyanidin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pelargonidin" title="Pelargonidin">pelargonidin</a>-3-diglycoside.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duke_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duke-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dd2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dd2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The genus is rich in <a href="/wiki/Organic_acid" title="Organic acid">organic acids</a> including <a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">formic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butyric_acid" title="Butyric acid">butyric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">linoleic</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Linolenic_acid" title="Α-Linolenic acid">linolenic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malic_acid" title="Malic acid">malic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myristic_acid" title="Myristic acid">myristic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">palmitic acids</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Natural_phenol" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural phenol">phenolic</a> compounds, and the <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> <span class="nowrap">α-<a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">alanine</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">Esters</a> like <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_butyrate" title="Ethyl butyrate">ethyl butyrate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_caproate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethyl caproate">ethyl caproate</a>, <i>n</i>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexyl_butyrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexyl butyrate (page does not exist)">hexyl butyrate</a> and <i>n</i>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexyl_caproate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexyl caproate (page does not exist)">hexyl caproate</a> give the fruits their flavor and appetizing smell. <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a>, contained mainly in the fruit, are most significantly <span class="nowrap">d-<a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">d-<a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a></span> and <a href="/wiki/Raffinose" title="Raffinose">raffinose</a>. Among <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a>, <i>Passiflora</i> was found to be rich in <a href="/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase">catalase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pectinesterase" title="Pectinesterase">pectin methylesterase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phenolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenolase">phenolase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duke_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duke-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Passiflora_species" title="List of Passiflora species">List of Passiflora species</a></div> <p><i>Passiflora</i> is the most species rich genus of both the family Passifloraceae and the tribe Passifloreae. With over 550 species, an extensive hierarchy of infrageneric ranks is required to represent the relationships of the species. The infrageneric classification of <i>Passiflora</i> not only uses the widely used ranks of subgenus, section and series, but also the rank of supersection. </p><p>The New World species of <i>Passiflora</i> were first divided among 22 subgenera by Killip (1938) in the first monograph of the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Killip_1938_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killip_1938-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent work has reduced these to 4, which are commonly accepted today (in order from most basally to most recently branching):<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_subg._Astrophea" title="Passiflora subg. Astrophea">Astrophea</a></i> (Americas, ~60 species), trees and shrubs with simple, unlobed leaves</li> <li><i>Passiflora</i> (Americas, ~250 species), woody vines with large flowers and elaborate <a href="/wiki/Corolla_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corolla (botany)">corolla</a></li> <li><i>Deidamioides</i> (Americas, 13 species), woody or herbaceous vines</li> <li><i>Decaloba</i> (Americas, Asia and Australasia, ~230 species), herbaceous vines with palmately veined leaves</li></ul> <p>Some studies have shown that the segregate <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> genera <i><a href="/wiki/Hollrungia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollrungia">Hollrungia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tetrapathaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapathaea">Tetrapathaea</a></i> are nested within <i>Passiflora</i>, and form a fifth subgenus (<i>Tetrapathaea</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other studies support the current four subgenus classification.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relationships below the subgenus level are not known with certainty and are an active area of research. The Old World species form two clades – supersection <i>Disemma</i> (part of subgenus <i>Decaloba</i>) and subgenus <i>Tetrapathaea</i>. The former is composed of 21 species divided into sections <i>Disemma</i> (three Australian species), <i>Holrungiella</i> (one New Guinean species) and <i>Octandranthus</i> (seventeen south and east Asian species).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remaining (New World) species of subgenus <i>Decaloba</i> are divided into seven supersections. Supersection <i>Pterosperma</i> includes four species from <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> and southern Mexico. Supersection <i>Hahniopathanthus</i> includes five species from Central America, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and northernmost <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. Supersection <i>Cicea</i> includes nineteen species, with apetalous flowers. Supersection <i>Bryonioides</i> includes twenty-one species, with a distribution centered on Mexico. Supersection <i>Auriculata</i> includes eight species from South America, one of which is also found in Central America. Supersection <i>Multiflora</i> includes nineteen species. Supersection <i>Decaloba</i> includes 123 species.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Passiflora</i> has a largely <a href="/wiki/Neotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropic">neotropic</a> distribution, unlike other genera in the family <a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a>, which includes more Old World species (such as the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Adenia" title="Adenia">Adenia</a></i>). The vast majority of <i>Passiflora</i> are found in Mexico, Central America, the United States and South America, although there are additional representatives in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New species continue to be identified: for example, <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_xishuangbannaensis" title="Passiflora xishuangbannaensis">P. xishuangbannaensis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_pardifolia" title="Passiflora pardifolia">P. pardifolia</a></i> have only been known to the scientific community since 2005 and 2006, respectively. </p><p>Some species of <i>Passiflora</i> have been naturalized beyond their native ranges. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Blue_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue passion flower">blue passion flower</a> (<i>P. caerulea</i>) now grows wild in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-danaetal2001_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danaetal2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">purple passionfruit</a> (<i>P. edulis</i>) and its yellow relative <i>flavicarpa</i> have been introduced in many tropical regions as commercial crops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_foetida_bracts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_foetida_bracts.jpg/190px-P_foetida_bracts.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_foetida_bracts.jpg/285px-P_foetida_bracts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_foetida_bracts.jpg/380px-P_foetida_bracts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Stinking_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinking passion flower">Stinking passion flower</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wild_water_lemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild water lemon">Wild water lemon</a> (<i>P. foetida</i>) <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a> with insect-catching hairs.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sword-billed_Hummingbird_(Ensifera_ensifera).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sword-billed_Hummingbird_%28Ensifera_ensifera%29.jpg/190px-Sword-billed_Hummingbird_%28Ensifera_ensifera%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sword-billed_Hummingbird_%28Ensifera_ensifera%29.jpg/285px-Sword-billed_Hummingbird_%28Ensifera_ensifera%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sword-billed_Hummingbird_%28Ensifera_ensifera%29.jpg/380px-Sword-billed_Hummingbird_%28Ensifera_ensifera%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Sword-billed_hummingbird" title="Sword-billed hummingbird">sword-billed hummingbird</a> (<i>Ensifera ensifera</i>) is adapted to feed on <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_mixta" title="Passiflora mixta">Passiflora mixta</a></i> and similar flowers.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Passiflora_in_Canary_Islands.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Passiflora_in_Canary_Islands.JPG/190px-Passiflora_in_Canary_Islands.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Passiflora_in_Canary_Islands.JPG/285px-Passiflora_in_Canary_Islands.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Passiflora_in_Canary_Islands.JPG/380px-Passiflora_in_Canary_Islands.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">An introduced <i>Passiflora</i> in the Canary Islands</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Passiflora_white.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Passiflora_white.JPG/190px-Passiflora_white.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Passiflora_white.JPG/285px-Passiflora_white.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Passiflora_white.JPG/380px-Passiflora_white.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Passiflora foetida</i> in <a href="/wiki/Tumkur" title="Tumkur">Tumkur</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PassiFloraRed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PassiFloraRed.jpg/190px-PassiFloraRed.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PassiFloraRed.jpg/285px-PassiFloraRed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PassiFloraRed.jpg/380px-PassiFloraRed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2393" data-file-height="2393" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Red colored passion flower in <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Passion flowers have floral structures adapted for <a href="/wiki/Pollination#Biotic" title="Pollination">biotic pollination</a>. Pollinators of <i>Passiflora</i> include <a href="/wiki/Bumblebee" title="Bumblebee">bumblebees</a>, carpenter bees (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Xylocopa_sonorina" title="Xylocopa sonorina">Xylocopa sonorina</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Wasp" title="Wasp">wasps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hummingbird" title="Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Hermit_(hummingbird)" title="Hermit (hummingbird)">hermits</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Phaethornis" title="Phaethornis">Phaethornis</a></i>); some others are additionally capable of <a href="/wiki/Self-pollination" title="Self-pollination">self-pollination</a>. <i>Passiflora</i> often exhibit high levels of pollinator specificity, which has led to frequent coevolution across the genus. The <a href="/wiki/Sword-billed_hummingbird" title="Sword-billed hummingbird">sword-billed hummingbird</a> (<i>Ensifera ensifera</i>) is a notable example: it, with its immensely elongated bill, is the sole pollinator of 37 species of high <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andean</a> <i>Passiflora</i> in the supersection <i>Tacsonia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The leaves are used for feeding by the <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> of a number of species of <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a>. Famously, they are exclusively targeted by many butterfly species of the tribe <a href="/wiki/Heliconiini" title="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</a>. The many defensive adaptations visible on <i>Passiflora</i> include diverse leaf shapes (which help disguise their identity), colored nubs (which mimic butterfly eggs and can deter Heliconians from ovipositing on a seemingly crowded leaf), <a href="/wiki/Nectar#Extrafloral_nectaries" title="Nectar">extrafloral nectaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">trichomes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Variegation#Defensive_masquerade" title="Variegation">variegation</a>, and chemical defenses.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These, combined with adaptations on the part of the butterflies, were important in the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Coevolution" title="Coevolution">coevolutionary theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent studies have shown that passiflora both grow faster and protect themselves better in high-nitrogen soils. In low-nitrogen environments, passiflora focus on growth rather than defense and are more vulnerable to herbivores.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following lepidoptera larvae are known to feed on <i>Passiflora</i>: </p> <ul><li>Longwing <a href="/wiki/Butterflies" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterflies">butterflies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heliconiinae" title="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heliconius_cydno" title="Heliconius cydno">Cydno longwing</a> (<i>Heliconius cydno</i>), one of few Heliconians to feed on multiple species of <i>Passiflora</i><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_fritillary" title="Gulf fritillary">Gulf fritillary</a> (<i>Agraulis vanillae</i>), which feeds on several species of <i>Passiflora</i>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_lutea" title="Passiflora lutea">Passiflora lutea</a></i>, <i>Passiflora affinis</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-byron_beauty_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byron_beauty-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-host_plants_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-host_plants-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stinking passion flower (<i>P. foetida</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Maypop" class="mw-redirect" title="Maypop">Maypop</a> (<i>P. incarnata</i>)</li> <li>American <a href="/wiki/Sara_longwing" title="Sara longwing">Sara longwing</a> (<i>Heliconius sara</i>)</li> <li>Red postman (<i><a href="/wiki/Heliconius_erato" title="Heliconius erato">Heliconius erato</a></i>)</li> <li>Asian <a href="/wiki/Leopard_lacewing" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopard lacewing">leopard lacewing</a> (<i>Cethosia cyane</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postman_butterfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Postman butterfly">Postman butterfly</a> (<i>Heliconius melpomene</i>) prefer <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_menispermifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora menispermifolia (page does not exist)">P. menispermifolia</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_oerstedii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora oerstedii (page does not exist)">P. oerstedii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_longwing" class="mw-redirect" title="Zebra longwing">Zebra longwing</a> (<i>Heliconius charithonia</i>) feed on yellow passion flower, <a href="/wiki/Two-flowered_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-flowered passion flower">two-flowered passion flower</a> (<i>P. biflora</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Corky-stemmed_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Corky-stemmed passion flower">corky-stemmed passion flower</a> (<i>P. suberosa</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Banded orange">Banded orange</a> (<i>Dryadula phaetusa</i>) feed on <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tetrastylis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tetrastylis (page does not exist)">P. tetrastylis</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_butterfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia butterfly">Julia butterfly</a> (<i>Dryas iulia</i>) feed on yellow passion flower and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_affinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora affinis (page does not exist)">P. affinis</a></i>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_moth" class="mw-redirect" title="Swift moth">Swift moth</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cibyra_serta" title="Cibyra serta">Cibyra serta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acraea_terpsicore" title="Acraea terpsicore">Tawny Coster</a> (<i>Acraea terpsicore</i>) feed on <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">Passiflora edulis</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nitin-2018_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nitin-2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_foetida" title="Passiflora foetida">Passiflora foetida</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Nitin-2018_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nitin-2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_subpeltata" title="Passiflora subpeltata">Passiflora subpeltata</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Nitin-2018_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nitin-2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The generally high pollinator and parasite specificity in <i>Passiflora</i> may have led to the tremendous morphological variation in the genus. It is thought to have among the highest <a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">foliar</a> diversity among all plant genera,<sup id="cite_ref-Killip_1938_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Killip_1938-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with leaf shapes ranging from unlobed to five-lobed frequently found on the same plant.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coevolution" title="Coevolution">Coevolution</a> can be a major driver of speciation, and may be responsible for the radiation of certain clades of <i>Passiflora</i> such as <i>Tacsonia</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Stinking_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinking passion flower">stinking passion flower</a> are covered by hairs which exude a sticky fluid. Many small insects get stuck to this and get digested to <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrient</a>-rich goo by <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">proteases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acid_phosphatase" title="Acid phosphatase">acid phosphatases</a>. Since the insects usually killed are rarely major <a href="/wiki/Pest_(organism)" title="Pest (organism)">pests</a>, this passion flower seems to be a <a href="/wiki/Protocarnivorous_plant" title="Protocarnivorous plant">protocarnivorous plant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Banana_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Banana passion flower">Banana passion flower</a> or "banana poka" (<i>P. tarminiana</i>), originally from Central <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, is an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">weed</a>, especially on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. It is commonly spread by <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">feral</a> <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> eating the fruits. It overgrows and smothers stands of <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> vegetation, mainly on roadsides. <a href="/wiki/Blue_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue passion flower">Blue passion flower</a> (<i>P. caerulea</i>) is an invasive species in Spain and considered likely to threaten ecosystems there.<sup id="cite_ref-danaetal2001_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danaetal2001-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, some species are <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a> due to unsustainable <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logging</a> and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>. For example, the Chilean passion flower (<i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_pinnatistipula" title="Passiflora pinnatistipula">P. pinnatistipula</a></i>) is a rare vine growing in the Tropical <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> southwards from <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> between 2,500 and 3,800 metres (8,200 and 12,500 ft) in altitude, and in Coastal Central Chile, where it only occurs in a few tens of square kilometres of fog forest by the sea, near Zapallar. <i>P. pinnatistipula</i> has a round fruit, unusual in <i>Tacsonia</i> group species like banana passion flower and <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_mixta" title="Passiflora mixta">P. mixta</a></i>, with their elongated tubes and brightly red to rose-colored petals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Notable and sometimes economically significant <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> of <i>Passiflora</i> are several <a href="/wiki/Sac_fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sac fungi">sac fungi</a> of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Septoria" title="Septoria">Septoria</a></i> (including <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Septoria_passiflorae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Septoria passiflorae (page does not exist)">S. passiflorae</a></i>), the undescribed <a href="/wiki/Proteobacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteobacterium">proteobacterium</a> called "<i><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonas_tomato" title="Pseudomonas tomato">Pseudomonas tomato</a></i>" (<a href="/wiki/Pathovar" title="Pathovar">pv.</a> <i>passiflorae</i>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Potyvirus" title="Potyvirus">Potyvirus</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Passionfruit_woodiness_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Passionfruit woodiness virus">passionfruit woodiness virus</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Carlavirus" title="Carlavirus">Carlavirus</a></i> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_latent_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora latent virus (page does not exist)">Passiflora latent virus</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passion flower is not recommended during pregnancy because it may induce contractions.<sup id="cite_ref-nih_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consuming passion flower products may cause drowsiness, <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, dizziness, abnormal <a href="/wiki/Heart_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart rhythm">heart rhythms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Rhinitis" title="Rhinitis">rhinitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nih_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornamental">Ornamental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ornamental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_ggallice_-_Passiflora,_Gainesville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flickr_-_ggallice_-_Passiflora%2C_Gainesville.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_ggallice_-_Passiflora%2C_Gainesville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flickr_-_ggallice_-_Passiflora%2C_Gainesville.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_ggallice_-_Passiflora%2C_Gainesville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Flickr_-_ggallice_-_Passiflora%2C_Gainesville.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_ggallice_-_Passiflora%2C_Gainesville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_incarnata" title="Passiflora incarnata">Passiflora incarnata</a></i>, one of the most common passion flowers</figcaption></figure> <p>A number of species of <i>Passiflora</i> are cultivated outside their natural range for both their flowers and fruit. Hundreds of hybrids have been named; hybridizing is currently being done extensively for flowers, foliage and fruit. The following hybrids and cultivars have gained the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Award_of_Garden_Merit" title="Award of Garden Merit">Award of Garden Merit</a>: </p> <ul><li>'Amethyst'<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_%C3%97_exoniensis" title="Passiflora × exoniensis"><i>P.</i> × <i>exoniensis</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Exeter passion flower)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_%C3%97_violacea" title="Passiflora × violacea"><i>P.</i> × <i>violacea</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> the flower (which in all but a few species lasts only one day) was very popular, and many hybrids were created using the <a href="/wiki/Winged-stem_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Winged-stem passion flower">winged-stem passion flower</a> (<i>P. alata</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Blue_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue passion flower">blue passion flower</a> (<i>P. caerulea</i>) and other tropical species. </p><p>Many cool-growing <i>Passiflora</i> from the Andes Mountains can be grown successfully for their beautiful flowers and fruit in cooler Mediterranean climates, such as the <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and along the western coast of the U.S. into <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. One blue passion flower or hybrid even grew to large size at <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_Central_Station" title="Malmö Central Station">Malmö Central Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Passion flowers have been a subject of studies investigating <a href="/wiki/Extranuclear_inheritance" title="Extranuclear inheritance">extranuclear inheritance</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paternal" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternal">paternal</a> inheritance of <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast</a> DNA has been documented in this genus.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Plastome" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastome">plastome</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Two-flowered_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-flowered passion flower">two-flowered passion flower</a> (<i>P. biflora</i>) has been <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">sequenced</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit">Fruit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fruit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Passion_fruit_(fruit)" title="Passion fruit (fruit)">Passion fruit (fruit)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg/220px-Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg/330px-Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg/440px-Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption>Ripe fruits of <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">Passiflora edulis</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Most species have round or elongated edible fruit. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">passion fruit</a> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">maracujá</i></span> (<i>P. edulis</i>) is cultivated extensively in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, south <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> for its fruit, which is used as a source of juice. A small pink fruit that wrinkles easily and a larger shiny yellow to orange fruit are traded under this name. The latter is usually considered just a <a href="/wiki/Variety_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety (biology)">variety</a> of <i>flavicarpa</i>, but seems to be more distinct.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_granadilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet granadilla">Sweet granadilla</a> (<i>P. ligularis</i>) is another widely grown species. In large parts of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> it is the plant called "passionfruit": confusingly, in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> English the latter species is more often called <i>granadilla</i> (without an adjective). Its fruit is somewhat intermediate between the two sold as <i>P. edulis</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maypop" class="mw-redirect" title="Maypop">Maypop</a> (<i>P. incarnata</i>), a common species in the southeastern US. This is a subtropical representative of this mostly tropical family. However, unlike the more tropical cousins, this particular species is hardy enough to withstand the cold down to −20 °C (−4 °F) before its roots die (it is native as far north as <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> and has been cultivated as far north as <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.) The fruit is sweet, yellowish, and roughly the size of a chicken's egg; it enjoys some popularity as a native plant with edible fruit and few <a href="/wiki/Pest_(organism)" title="Pest (organism)">pests</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_granadilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant granadilla">Giant granadilla</a> (giant tumbo or <i>badea</i>, <i>P. quadrangularis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Water_lemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Water lemon">water lemon</a> (<i>P.laurifolia</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_calabash" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet calabash">sweet calabash</a> (<i>P. maliformis</i>) are <i>Passiflora</i> species locally famed for their fruit,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not widely known elsewhere as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Passiflora_caerulea" title="Passiflora caerulea">blue passionflower</a> (<i>Passiflora caerulea</i>) produces bright orange fruit with numerous seeds. While the fruit is edible, it is often described as being bland in comparison to other edible passionfruit, or with a flavour vaguely similar to <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_maracuja" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild maracuja">Wild maracuja</a> are the fruit of <i>P. foetida</i>, which are popular in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_passionfruit" title="Banana passionfruit">Banana passionfruits</a> are the very elongated fruits of <a href="/wiki/Passiflora_tripartita" title="Passiflora tripartita"><i>P. tripartita</i> var. <i>mollissima</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_tarminiana" title="Passiflora tarminiana">P. tarminiana</a></i>. These are locally eaten, but their invasive properties make them a poor choice to grow outside of their native range.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ayahuasca_analog">Ayahuasca analog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ayahuasca analog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A native source of <a href="/wiki/Beta-Carboline" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carboline">beta-Carbolines</a> (e.g., passion flower in North America) is mixed with <i><a href="/wiki/Desmanthus_illinoensis" title="Desmanthus illinoensis">Desmanthus illinoensis</a></i> (Illinois bundleflower) root bark to produce a hallucinogenic drink called prairiehuasca, which is an analog of the shamanic brew <a href="/wiki/Ayahuasca" title="Ayahuasca">ayahuasca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_medicine_and_dietary_supplement">Traditional medicine and dietary supplement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Traditional medicine and dietary supplement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_incarnata" title="Passiflora incarnata">Passiflora incarnata</a></i> (maypop) leaves and roots have a long history of use as a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of the Americas">Native Americans</a> in North America and were adapted by <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nih_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fresh or dried leaves of maypop are used to make a tea that is used as a <a href="/wiki/Sedative" title="Sedative">sedative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nih_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passionflower as dried powder or an <a href="/wiki/Extract" title="Extract">extract</a> is used as a <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nih_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is insufficient <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">clinical evidence</a> for using passionflower to treat any medical condition.<sup id="cite_ref-nih_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nih-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Passionflower is classified as <a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe" title="Generally recognized as safe">generally recognized as safe</a> for use as a <a href="/wiki/Food_ingredient" class="mw-redirect" title="Food ingredient">food ingredient</a> in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passiflora_caerulea_(makro_close-up).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Passiflora_caerulea_%28makro_close-up%29.jpg/220px-Passiflora_caerulea_%28makro_close-up%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Passiflora_caerulea_%28makro_close-up%29.jpg/330px-Passiflora_caerulea_%28makro_close-up%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Passiflora_caerulea_%28makro_close-up%29.jpg/440px-Passiflora_caerulea_%28makro_close-up%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4565" data-file-height="3245" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_passion_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue passion flower">Blue passion flower</a> (<i>P. caerulea</i>) showing most elements of the Christian symbolism</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passiflora_Krishnakamal_Karnataka_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Passiflora_Krishnakamal_Karnataka_India.jpg/220px-Passiflora_Krishnakamal_Karnataka_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Passiflora_Krishnakamal_Karnataka_India.jpg/330px-Passiflora_Krishnakamal_Karnataka_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Passiflora_Krishnakamal_Karnataka_India.jpg/440px-Passiflora_Krishnakamal_Karnataka_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption><i>Passiflora</i> 'Soi Fah', <abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> <span title="Marathi-language romanization"><i lang="mr-Latn">Krishnakamala</i></span> in India</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>passion</i> in <i>passion flower</i> purportedly refers to <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">the passion of Jesus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian theology</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Kostka_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostka-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the word <i>passion</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:passio">passio</a></i></span>, meaning 'suffering'. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish Christian missionaries adopted the unique physical structures of this plant, particularly the numbers of its various flower parts, as symbols of the last days of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and especially his <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Hammer2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammer2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The pointed tips of the leaves were taken to represent the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tendril" title="Tendril">tendrils</a> represent the <a href="/wiki/Whip" title="Whip">whips</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">flagellation of Christ</a>.</li> <li>The ten <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepals</a> represent the ten faithful <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> (excluding <a href="/wiki/St._Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter">St. Peter</a>, who denied Jesus three times, and <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>, who betrayed him).</li> <li>The flower's <a href="/wiki/Perianth#Corona" title="Perianth">radial filaments</a>, which can number more than a hundred and vary from flower to flower, represent the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">crown of thorns</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chalice_(cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice (cup)">chalice</a>-shaped <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (plants)">ovary</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">receptacle</a> represents the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a>.</li> <li>The three <a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">stigmas</a> represent three <a href="/wiki/Nail_(fastener)" title="Nail (fastener)">nails</a> and the five <a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">anthers</a> below them five hammers or five <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">wounds</a> (four by the nails and one by the lance).</li> <li>The blue and white colors of many species' flowers represent <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">Purity</a>.</li> <li>In addition, the flower is open for three days, symbolising the three years of Jesus' ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The flower has been given names related to this symbolism throughout Europe since the 15th century. In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, it is known as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">espina de Cristo</i></span> ('thorn of Christ'). Older <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> names<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Christus-Krone</i></span> ('Christ's crown'), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Christus-Strauss</i></span> ('Christ's bouquet'),<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Dorn-Krone</i></span> ('crown of thorns'), <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Jesus-Lijden</i></span> ('Jesus' passion'), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Marter</i></span> ('passion')<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Muttergottes-Stern</i></span> ('Mother of God's star').<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside the Roman Catholic heartland, the regularly shaped flowers have reminded people of the face of a <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clock</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> they are known as "clock-flower" (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שעונית</span></span>) and in Greece as "clock plant" (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">ρολογιά</span></span>); in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> too, they are known as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tokeisō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">時計草</span></span>, 'clock plant')</span>. In Hawaiian, they are called <span title="Hawaiian-language text"><i lang="haw">lilikoʻi</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Hawaiian-language text"><i lang="haw">lī</i></span> is a string used for tying fabric together, such as a <a href="/wiki/Shoelace" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoelace">shoelace</a>, and <span title="Hawaiian-language text"><i lang="haw">liko</i></span> means 'to spring forth leave'.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, it is known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krishnakamala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krishnakamala (page does not exist)">Krishnakamala</a> because of its dark violet blue colour which resembles Bhagwan <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knospe_der_Passionsblume.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bud of the passion flower"><img alt="Bud of the passion flower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Knospe_der_Passionsblume.JPG/405px-Knospe_der_Passionsblume.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Knospe_der_Passionsblume.JPG/608px-Knospe_der_Passionsblume.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Knospe_der_Passionsblume.JPG/810px-Knospe_der_Passionsblume.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bud of the passion flower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Passifloraincense.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Passiflora 'Incense', a hybrid of the Brazilian species P. cincinnata and the American species P. incarnata"><img alt="Passiflora 'Incense', a hybrid of the Brazilian species P. cincinnata and the American species P. incarnata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Passifloraincense.jpg/202px-Passifloraincense.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Passifloraincense.jpg/304px-Passifloraincense.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Passifloraincense.jpg/405px-Passifloraincense.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Passiflora</i> 'Incense', a hybrid of the Brazilian species <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_cincinnata" title="Passiflora cincinnata">P. cincinnata</a></i> and the American species <i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_incarnata" title="Passiflora incarnata">P. incarnata</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Passifloraclearsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Passiflora caerulea 'Clear Sky', a tetraploid selection of P. caerulea"><img alt="Passiflora caerulea 'Clear Sky', a tetraploid selection of P. caerulea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Passifloraclearsky.jpg/202px-Passifloraclearsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Passifloraclearsky.jpg/304px-Passifloraclearsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Passifloraclearsky.jpg/405px-Passifloraclearsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_caerulea" title="Passiflora caerulea">Passiflora caerulea</a></i> 'Clear<i> </i>Sky', a <a href="/wiki/Tetraploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetraploid">tetraploid</a> selection of <i>P. caerulea</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20190910_110006-cr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Passion flower bloom in water"><img alt="Passion flower bloom in water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/20190910_110006-cr.jpg/202px-20190910_110006-cr.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/20190910_110006-cr.jpg/303px-20190910_110006-cr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/20190910_110006-cr.jpg/404px-20190910_110006-cr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2249" data-file-height="3004" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Passion flower bloom in water</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits" title="List of culinary fruits">List of culinary fruits</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IPNI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Passiflora</i> | International Plant Names Index. 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Retrieved January 8, 2024, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/328300-2">https://www.ipni.org/n/328300-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POWO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-POWO_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/328300-2">"<i>Passiflora</i> L."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RHS+Plant+Selector+Passiflora+%27Amethyst%27+AGM+%2F+RHS+Gardening&rft.pub=Apps.rhs.org.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhs.org.uk%2FPlants%2F56115%2FPassiflora-Amethyst%2FDetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/76115/Passiflora-x-exoniensis/Details">"RHS Plant Selector Passiflora × exoniensis AGM / RHS Gardening"</a>. Apps.rhs.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RHS+Plant+Selector+Passiflora+%C3%97+exoniensis+AGM+%2F+RHS+Gardening&rft.pub=Apps.rhs.org.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhs.org.uk%2FPlants%2F76115%2FPassiflora-x-exoniensis%2FDetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/60660/Passiflora-x-violacea/Details">"RHS Plant Selector Passiflora × violacea AGM / RHS Gardening"</a>. Apps.rhs.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RHS+Plant+Selector+Passiflora+%C3%97+violacea+AGM+%2F+RHS+Gardening&rft.pub=Apps.rhs.org.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhs.org.uk%2FPlants%2F60660%2FPassiflora-x-violacea%2FDetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Petersen (1966)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g. Hansen <i>et al.</i> (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Granadilla"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Granadilla">"Granadilla" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 336.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Granadilla&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=336&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gardenia.net/plant/passiflora-caerulea-blue-passion-flower">"Passiflora caerulea (Blue Passion Flower)"</a>. <i>Gardenia.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gardenia.net&rft.atitle=Passiflora+caerulea+%28Blue+Passion+Flower%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gardenia.net%2Fplant%2Fpassiflora-caerulea-blue-passion-flower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Clifford_W." class="citation web cs1">Smith, Clifford W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713071816/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/cw_smith/impact.htm">"Impact of Alien Plants on Hawai'i's Native Biota"</a>. University of Hawaii. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/cw_smith/impact.htm">the original</a> on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Impact+of+Alien+Plants+on+Hawai%27i%27s+Native+Biota&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii&rft.au=Smith%2C+Clifford+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botany.hawaii.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcw_smith%2Fimpact.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_University_of_Georgia_-_Center_for_Invasive_Species_and_Ecosystem_Health_and_the_National_Park_Service2011" class="citation web cs1">The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health and the National Park Service (17 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=6142">"Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invasive+Plant+Atlas+of+the+United+States&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.au=The+University+of+Georgia+-+Center+for+Invasive+Species+and+Ecosystem+Health+and+the+National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.invasiveplantatlas.org%2Fsubject.html%3Fsub%3D6142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHegnauer,_R.Hegnauer,_M.1996" class="citation book cs1">Hegnauer, R.; Hegnauer, M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC"><i>Caesalpinioideae und Mimosoideae Volume 1 Part 2</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783764351656" title="Special:BookSources/9783764351656"><bdi>9783764351656</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caesalpinioideae+und+Mimosoideae+Volume+1+Part+2&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9783764351656&rft.au=Hegnauer%2C+R.&rft.au=Hegnauer%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbUV8C6iLFkEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=172.510">"Permitted Flavoring Agents and Related Substances; In: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21"</a>. US Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permitted+Flavoring+Agents+and+Related+Substances%3B+In%3A+Code+of+Federal+Regulations%2C+Title+21&rft.pub=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fscripts%2Fcdrh%2Fcfdocs%2Fcfcfr%2FCFRSearch.cfm%3Ffr%3D172.510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostka-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kostka_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostka" class="citation web cs1">Kostka, Arun Oswin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saintscatholic.blogspot.com/p/saint-symbols.html">"Flowers in Christian Symbolism"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flowers+in+Christian+Symbolism&rft.aulast=Kostka&rft.aufirst=Arun+Oswin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaintscatholic.blogspot.com%2Fp%2Fsaint-symbols.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammer2015-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hammer2015_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger_L._Hammer2015" class="citation book cs1">Roger L. Hammer (6 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-S0aBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206"><i>Everglades Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Historic Everglades, including Big Cypress, Corkscrew, and Fakahatchee Swamps</i></a>. Falcon Guides. pp. 206–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1459-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1459-0"><bdi>978-1-4930-1459-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everglades+Wildflowers%3A+A+Field+Guide+to+Wildflowers+of+the+Historic+Everglades%2C+including+Big+Cypress%2C+Corkscrew%2C+and+Fakahatchee+Swamps&rft.pages=206-&rft.pub=Falcon+Guides&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4930-1459-0&rft.au=Roger+L.+Hammer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-S0aBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer" class="citation book cs1">Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham. <i>The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i> (2001 ed.). Wordsworth Reference. p. 826.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wordsworth+Dictionary+of+Phrase+and+Fable&rft.pages=826&rft.edition=2001&rft.pub=Wordsworth+Reference&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=Ebenezer+Cobham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marzell (1927)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Christ's flower" is a mistranslation of Marzell (1927)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Martyr" is a mistranslation of Marzell (1927)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Muttergottes-Schuzchen</i> (or <i>-Schurzchen</i>) is a nonsensical misreading of Marzell (1927)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Kawena_PukuiSamuel_Hoyt_Elbert2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kawena_Pukui" title="Mary Kawena Pukui">Mary Kawena Pukui</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoyt_Elbert" title="Samuel Hoyt Elbert">Samuel Hoyt Elbert</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&j=pk&l=en&q=lilikoi">"lookup of <i>lilikoʻi</i>"</a>. <i>in Hawaiian Dictionary</i>. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=in+Hawaiian+Dictionary&rft.atitle=lookup+of+liliko%CA%BBi&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Mary+Kawena+Pukui&rft.au=Samuel+Hoyt+Elbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwehewehe.org%2Fgsdl2.85%2Fcgi-bin%2Fhdict%3Fa%3Dq%26j%3Dpk%26l%3Den%26q%3Dlilikoi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pukui <i>et al.</i> (1992)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1905 <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Passion-flower" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Passion-flower">Passion-flower</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230000000000/http://www.eol.org/pages/38402">"<i>Passiflora</i>"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Life&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EPassiflora%3C%2Fi%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20230000000000%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.eol.org%2Fpages%2F38402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassiflora" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161185#P830" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passiflorasociety.org/">The Passiflora Society International</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=Fieldiana%20Killip">Killip, The American Species of Passifloraceae, Fieldiana, Bot. 19 (1938)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passionflow.co.uk/">Passiflora online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html">Passiflora edulis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705210155/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html">Archived</a> 5 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floridanaturepictures.com/flowers/flowers.html">Passiflora Picture Gallery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chilebosque.cl/epiv/ppinn.html">Chilean Passiflora pictures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060711234117/http://www.heliconius.co.uk/foodplants.htm">A list of Heliconius Butterflies and the Passiflora species their larvae consume</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Protocarnivorous_plant" title="Protocarnivorous plant">protocarnivorous plants</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:lightgreen;">Carnivorous genera<br />(† extinct)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aldrovanda" title="Aldrovanda">Aldrovanda</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Archaeamphora" title="Archaeamphora">Archaeamphora</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brocchinia_reducta" title="Brocchinia reducta">Brocchinia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Byblis_(plant)" title="Byblis (plant)">Byblis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catopsis_berteroniana" title="Catopsis berteroniana">Catopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalotus" title="Cephalotus">Cephalotus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darlingtonia_californica" title="Darlingtonia californica">Darlingtonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_flytrap" title="Venus flytrap">Dionaea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drosera" title="Drosera">Drosera</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Droserapites" title="Droserapites">Droserapites</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Droserapollis" title="Droserapollis">Droserapollis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Droseridites" title="Droseridites">Droseridites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drosophyllum" title="Drosophyllum">Drosophyllum</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Fischeripollis" title="Fischeripollis">Fischeripollis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genlisea" title="Genlisea">Genlisea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliamphora" title="Heliamphora">Heliamphora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nepenthes" title="Nepenthes">Nepenthes</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoaldrovanda" title="Palaeoaldrovanda">Palaeoaldrovanda</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philcoxia" title="Philcoxia">Philcoxia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinguicula" title="Pinguicula">Pinguicula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roridula" title="Roridula">Roridula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarracenia" title="Sarracenia">Sarracenia</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Saxonipollis" title="Saxonipollis">Saxonipollis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triantha_occidentalis" title="Triantha occidentalis">Triantha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triphyophyllum" title="Triphyophyllum">Triphyophyllum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Utricularia" title="Utricularia">Utricularia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:lightgreen;">Protocarnivorous genera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aracamunia" title="Aracamunia">Aracamunia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capsella_(plant)" title="Capsella (plant)">Capsella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colura" title="Colura">Colura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dipsacus" title="Dipsacus">Dipsacus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drymocallis" title="Drymocallis">Drymocallis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geranium_viscosissimum" title="Geranium viscosissimum">Geranium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ibicella" title="Ibicella">Ibicella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lathraea" title="Lathraea">Lathraea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paepalanthus_bromelioides" title="Paepalanthus bromelioides">Paepalanthus</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passiflora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plumbago" title="Plumbago">Plumbago</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proboscidea_(plant)" title="Proboscidea (plant)">Proboscidea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stylidium" title="Stylidium">Stylidium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:lightgreen;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Carnivorous_Plant_Society" title="International Carnivorous Plant Society">International Carnivorous Plant Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insectivorous_Plant_Society" title="Insectivorous Plant Society">Insectivorous Plant Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sarracenia_Conservancy" title="North American Sarracenia Conservancy">North American Sarracenia Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carnivorous_plants" title="List of carnivorous plants">List of carnivorous plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carnivorous_plant_periodicals" title="List of carnivorous plant periodicals">List of carnivorous plant periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcher_plant" title="Pitcher plant">Pitcher plant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Passiflora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Passiflora" title="Template:Passiflora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Passiflora" title="Template talk:Passiflora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Passiflora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Passiflora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Passiflora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Passiflora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Section Astrophea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_arborea" title="Passiflora arborea">arborea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_ascidia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora ascidia (page does not exist)">ascidia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_balbis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora balbis (page does not exist)">balbis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_chlorina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora chlorina (page does not exist)">chlorina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_lindeniana" title="Passiflora lindeniana">lindeniana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_putumayensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora putumayensis (page does not exist)">putumayensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_sphaerocarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora sphaerocarpa (page does not exist)">sphaerocarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_saulensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora saulensis (page does not exist)">saulensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tica (page does not exist)">tica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Section Coccinea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_aimae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora aimae (page does not exist)">aimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_coccinea" title="Passiflora coccinea">coccinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_guyanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora guyanensis (page does not exist)">guyanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_miniata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora miniata (page does not exist)">miniata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_quadriglandulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora quadriglandulosa (page does not exist)">quadriglandulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_speciosa" title="Passiflora speciosa">speciosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_vitifolia" title="Passiflora vitifolia">vitifolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Section Decaloba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auriculata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_auriculata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora auriculata (page does not exist)">auriculata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_fanchonae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora fanchonae (page does not exist)">fanchonae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_ferruginea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora ferruginea (page does not exist)">ferruginea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_jatunsachensis" title="Passiflora jatunsachensis">jatunsachensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bryonioides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_adenopoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora adenopoda (page does not exist)">adenopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_bryonioides" title="Passiflora bryonioides">bryonioides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_colimensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora colimensis (page does not exist)"> colimensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_dioscoreifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora dioscoreifolia (page does not exist)">dioscoreifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_dolichocarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora dolichocarpa (page does not exist)">dolichocarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_exsudans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora exsudans (page does not exist)">exsudans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_gracilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora gracilis (page does not exist)">gracilis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_karwinskii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora karwinskii (page does not exist)">karwinskii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_lobata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora lobata (page does not exist)">lobata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_morifolia" title="Passiflora morifolia">morifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_oaxacensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora oaxacensis (page does not exist)">oaxacensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_pendens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora pendens (page does not exist)">pendens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_pilosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora pilosa (page does not exist)">pilosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_podadenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora podadenia (page does not exist)">podadenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_pterocarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora pterocarpa (page does not exist)">pterocarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_quercetorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora quercetorum (page does not exist)">quercetorum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_sicyoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora sicyoides (page does not exist)">sicyoides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trichopoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trichopoda (page does not exist)">trichopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_uncinata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora uncinata (page does not exist)">uncinata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cieca</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_clypeophylla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora clypeophylla (page does not exist)">clypeophylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_coriacea" title="Passiflora coriacea"> coriacea </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_eglandulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora eglandulosa (page does not exist)"> eglandulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_juliana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora juliana (page does not exist)"> juliana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_lancifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora lancifolia (page does not exist)"> lancifolia </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_macfadyenii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora macfadyenii (page does not exist)"> macfadyenii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_mcvaughiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora mcvaughiana (page does not exist)"> mcvaughiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_obtusifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora obtusifolia (page does not exist)"> obtusifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_pallida" class="mw-redirect" title="Passiflora pallida"> pallida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_sexocellata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora sexocellata (page does not exist)"> sexocellata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_suberosa" title="Passiflora suberosa"> suberosa </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tenuiloba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tenuiloba (page does not exist)"> tenuiloba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tridactylites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tridactylites (page does not exist)"> tridactylites </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trinifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trinifolia (page does not exist)"> trinifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_viridiflora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora viridiflora (page does not exist)"> viridiflora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_xiikzodz" title="Passiflora xiikzodz">xiikzodz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decaloba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_affinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora affinis (page does not exist)">affinis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_allantophylla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora allantophylla (page does not exist)">allantophylla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_alnifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora alnifolia (page does not exist)">alnifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_amalocarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora amalocarpa (page does not exist)">amalocarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_anadenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora anadenia (page does not exist)">anadenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_andersonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora andersonii (page does not exist)">andersonii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_andreana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora andreana (page does not exist)">andreana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_anfracta" title="Passiflora anfracta">anfracta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_apetala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora apetala (page does not exist)">apetala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_azeroana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora azeroana (page does not exist)">azeroana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_berteroana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora berteroana (page does not exist)">berteroana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_bicornis" title="Passiflora bicornis">bicornis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_bicrura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora bicrura (page does not exist)">bicrura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_bicuspidata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora bicuspidata (page does not exist)">bicuspidata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_biflora" title="Passiflora biflora">biflora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_bilobata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora bilobata (page does not exist)">bilobata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_boenderi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora boenderi (page does not exist)">boenderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_bogotensis" title="Passiflora bogotensis">bogotensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_bucaramangensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora bucaramangensis (page does not exist)">bucaramangensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_calcicola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora calcicola (page does not exist)">calcicola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_candollei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora candollei (page does not exist)">candollei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_capsularis" title="Passiflora capsularis">capsularis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_carnosisepala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora carnosisepala (page does not exist)">carnosisepala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_chelidonea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora chelidonea (page does not exist)">chelidonea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_chrysosepala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora chrysosepala (page does not exist)">chrysosepala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_citrina" title="Passiflora citrina">citrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_lutea" title="Passiflora lutea">lutea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_rubra" title="Passiflora rubra">rubra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_sanguinolenta" title="Passiflora sanguinolenta">sanguinolenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_tulae" title="Passiflora tulae">tulae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_urnifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora urnifolia (page does not exist)">urnifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_vespertilio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora vespertilio (page does not exist)">vespertilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_viridescens" title="Passiflora viridescens">viridescens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_xiikzodz" title="Passiflora xiikzodz">xiikzodz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_yucatanensis" title="Passiflora yucatanensis">yucatanensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disemma</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_aurantia" title="Passiflora aurantia">aurantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_aurantioides" title="Passiflora aurantioides">aurantioides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_cinnabarina" title="Passiflora cinnabarina">cinnabarina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cochinchinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cochinchinensis (page does not exist)">cochinchinensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cupiformis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cupiformis (page does not exist)">cupiformis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_eberhardtii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora eberhardtii (page does not exist)">eberhardtii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_henryi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora henryi (page does not exist)">henryi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_herbertiana" title="Passiflora herbertiana">herbertiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_hollrungii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora hollrungii (page does not exist)">hollrungii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_jiangfengensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora jiangfengensis (page does not exist)">jiangfengensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_jugorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora jugorum (page does not exist)">jugorum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_kwangtungensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora kwangtungensis (page does not exist)">kwangtungensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_leschenaultii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora leschenaultii (page does not exist)">leschenaultii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_moluccana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora moluccana (page does not exist)">moluccana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_papilio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora papilio (page does not exist)">papilio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_perakensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora perakensis (page does not exist)">perakensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_siamica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora siamica (page does not exist)">siamica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_xishuangbannaensis" title="Passiflora xishuangbannaensis">xishuangbannaensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hahniopathanthus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cissampeloides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cissampeloides (page does not exist)">cissampeloides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_guatemalensis" title="Passiflora guatemalensis">guatemalensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_hahnii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora hahnii (page does not exist)">hahnii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_membranacea" title="Passiflora membranacea">membranacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_quetzal" title="Passiflora quetzal">quetzal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deidamioides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_arbelaezii" title="Passiflora arbelaezii">arbelaezii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_gracillima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora gracillima (page does not exist)">gracillima</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_pacifica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora pacifica (page does not exist)">pacifica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tryphostemmatoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tryphostemmatoides (page does not exist)">tryphostemmatoides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distephana</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_glandulosa" title="Passiflora glandulosa">glandulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_miniata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora miniata (page does not exist)">miniata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_variolata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora variolata (page does not exist)">variolata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laurifolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laurifolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_ambigua" title="Passiflora ambigua">ambigua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_acuminata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora acuminata (page does not exist)">acuminata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_laurifolia" title="Passiflora laurifolia">laurifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_nitida" title="Passiflora nitida">nitida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quadrangulares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_alata" title="Passiflora alata">alata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_christianii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora christianii (page does not exist)">christianii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_marcocarpa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora marcocarpa (page does not exist)">marcocarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_quadrangularis" title="Passiflora quadrangularis">quadrangularis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trialata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trialata (page does not exist)">trialata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tiliifolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_ligularis" title="Passiflora ligularis">ligularis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_maliformis" title="Passiflora maliformis">maliformis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_seemannii" class="mw-redirect" title="Passiflora seemannii">seemannii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passiflora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passiflora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_bahiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora bahiensis (page does not exist)">bahiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_cincinnata" title="Passiflora cincinnata">cincinnata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">edulis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_filamentosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora filamentosa (page does not exist)">filamentosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_incarnata" title="Passiflora incarnata">incarnata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_malacophylla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora malacophylla (page does not exist)">malacophylla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_mayarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora mayarum (page does not exist)">mayarum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_palmatisecta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora palmatisecta (page does not exist)">palmatisecta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_pedata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora pedata (page does not exist)">pedata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_prolata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora prolata (page does not exist)">prolata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_recurva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora recurva (page does not exist)">recurva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_serratifolia" title="Passiflora serratifolia">serratifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_setacea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora setacea (page does not exist)">setacea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trintae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trintae (page does not exist)">trintae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stipulata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_actinia" title="Passiflora actinia">actinia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_amethystina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora amethystina (page does not exist)">amethystina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_arida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora arida (page does not exist)">arida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_bahamensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora bahamensis (page does not exist)">bahamensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_caerulea" title="Passiflora caerulea">caerulea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_castellanosii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora castellanosii (page does not exist)">castellanosii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_catharinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora catharinensis (page does not exist)">catharinensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_chocoensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora chocoensis (page does not exist)">chocoensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_crassifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora crassifolia (page does not exist)">crassifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cyanea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cyanea (page does not exist)">cyanea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_deltoifolia" title="Passiflora deltoifolia">deltoifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_dispar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora dispar (page does not exist)">dispar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_eichleriana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora eichleriana (page does not exist)">eichleriana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_elegans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora elegans (page does not exist)">elegans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_exura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora exura (page does not exist)">exura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_foetida" title="Passiflora foetida">foetida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_galbana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora galbana (page does not exist)">galbana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_garckei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora garckei (page does not exist)">garckei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_gardneri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora gardneri (page does not exist)">gardneri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_gibertii" title="Passiflora gibertii">gibertii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_gritensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora gritensis (page does not exist)">gritensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_imbeana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora imbeana (page does not exist)">imbeana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_jilekii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora jilekii (page does not exist)">jilekii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_loefgrenii" title="Passiflora loefgrenii">loefgrenii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_lonchophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora lonchophora (page does not exist)">lonchophora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_madidiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora madidiana (page does not exist)">madidiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_mapiriensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora mapiriensis (page does not exist)">mapiriensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_menispermifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora menispermifolia (page does not exist)">menispermifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_mooreana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora mooreana (page does not exist)">mooreana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_mucronata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora mucronata (page does not exist)">mucronata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_mucugeana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora mucugeana (page does not exist)">mucugeana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_oerstedii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora oerstedii (page does not exist)">oerstedii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_picturata" title="Passiflora picturata">picturata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_racemosa" title="Passiflora racemosa">racemosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_resticulata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora resticulata (page does not exist)">resticulata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_retipetala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora retipetala (page does not exist)">retipetala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_saccoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora saccoi (page does not exist)">saccoi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_setulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora setulosa (page does not exist)">setulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_sprucei" title="Passiflora sprucei">sprucei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_subpeltata" title="Passiflora subpeltata">subpeltata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_subrotunda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora subrotunda (page does not exist)">subrotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tenuifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tenuifolia (page does not exist)">tenuifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trisulca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trisulca (page does not exist)">trisulca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tucumanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tucumanensis (page does not exist)">tucumanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_umbilicata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora umbilicata (page does not exist)">umbilicata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_urbaniana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora urbaniana (page does not exist)">urbaniana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_urubiciensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora urubiciensis (page does not exist)">urubiciensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tacsonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boliviana</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_gracilens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora gracilens (page does not exist)">gracilens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colombiana</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_adulterina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora adulterina (page does not exist)">adulterina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_ampullacea" title="Passiflora ampullacea">ampullacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_antioquiensis" title="Passiflora antioquiensis">antioquiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_crispolanata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora crispolanata (page does not exist)">crispolanata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cremastantha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cremastantha (page does not exist)">cremastantha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cuatrecasasii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cuatrecasasii (page does not exist)">cuatrecasasii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_coactilis" title="Passiflora coactilis">coactilis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cremastantha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cremastantha (page does not exist)">cremastantha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_flexipes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora flexipes (page does not exist)">flexipes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_formosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora formosa (page does not exist)">formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_lanata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora lanata (page does not exist)">lanata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_leptomischa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora leptomischa (page does not exist)">leptomischa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_linearistipula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora linearistipula (page does not exist)">linearistipula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_pamplonensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora pamplonensis (page does not exist)">pamplonensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_quindeinsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora quindeinsis (page does not exist)">quindeinsis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_rigidifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora rigidifolia (page does not exist)">rigidifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_rugosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora rugosa (page does not exist)">rugosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_tenerifensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora tenerifensis (page does not exist)">tenerifensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trianae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trianae (page does not exist)">trianae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_truxillensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora truxillensis (page does not exist)">truxillensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_unipetala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora unipetala (page does not exist)">unipetala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elkea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_anastomosans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora anastomosans (page does not exist)">anastomosans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_brachyantha" title="Passiflora brachyantha">brachyantha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_cumbalensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora cumbalensis (page does not exist)">cumbalensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_jamesonii" title="Passiflora jamesonii">jamesonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_linda" title="Passiflora linda">linda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_luzmarina" title="Passiflora luzmarina">luzmarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_roseorum" title="Passiflora roseorum">roseorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_sanctae-barbarae" title="Passiflora sanctae-barbarae">sanctae-barbarae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_tarminiana" title="Passiflora tarminiana">tarminiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_tripartita" title="Passiflora tripartita">tripartita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_zamorana" title="Passiflora zamorana">zamorana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fimbriatistipula</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_fimbriatistipula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora fimbriatistipula (page does not exist)">fimbriatistipula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_uribei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora uribei (page does not exist)">uribei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insignes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_carrascoensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora carrascoensis (page does not exist)">carrascoensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_insignis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora insignis (page does not exist)">insignis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_lanceolata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora lanceolata (page does not exist)">lanceolata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_mandonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora mandonii (page does not exist)">mandonii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_pilosicorona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora pilosicorona (page does not exist)">pilosicorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_pinnatistipula" title="Passiflora pinnatistipula">pinnatistipula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manicata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_macropoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora macropoda (page does not exist)">macropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_manicata" title="Passiflora manicata">manicata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_peduncularis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora peduncularis (page does not exist)">peduncularis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trisecta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trisecta (page does not exist)">trisecta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parritana</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_jardinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora jardinensis (page does not exist)">jardinensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_parritae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora parritae (page does not exist)">parritae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tasconia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_amazonica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora amazonica (page does not exist)">amazonica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_matthewsii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora matthewsii (page does not exist)">matthewsii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_mixta" title="Passiflora mixta">mixta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_schlimiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora schlimiana (page does not exist)">schlimiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rathea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_andina" title="Passiflora andina">andina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiflora_harlingii" title="Passiflora harlingii">harlingii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_colombiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora colombiana (page does not exist)">colombiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tasconiopsis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_bracteosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora bracteosa (page does not exist)">bracteosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_purdiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora purdiei (page does not exist)">purdiei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trifoliata</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passiflora_trifoliata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passiflora trifoliata (page does not exist)">trifoliata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Passiflora</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161185" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q161185">Q161185</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Passiflora" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Passiflora">Passiflora</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/193454">193454</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/58500">58500</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6JGB">6JGB</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/38402">38402</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1PAQG">1PAQG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21795">21795</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=124132">124132</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Passiflora">Passiflora</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=124132">124132</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2874172">2874172</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=8936">8936</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/51452">51452</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/328300-2">328300-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1042033">1042033</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=22219">22219</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000461533">NHMSYS0000461533</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3684">3684</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/5e5c1ba5-2374-4ef3-92ec-907b675f0c44">5e5c1ba5-2374-4ef3-92ec-907b675f0c44</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=99202">99202</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PASSI">PASSI</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E714AE2A-1147-D018-7181-2527E4D5344D">E714AE2A-1147-D018-7181-2527E4D5344D</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A328300-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328300-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40002275">40002275</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/97fdfb22-34d4-47a9-8aa0-88f43e40f124">97fdfb22-34d4-47a9-8aa0-88f43e40f124</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000028296">wfo-4000028296</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=415781">415781</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&oldid=1259009802">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Passiflora&oldid=1259009802</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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