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class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>By region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Retail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_and_health_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_and_health_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environmental and health concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_and_health_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labeling,_mitigation,_and_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labeling,_mitigation,_and_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Labeling, mitigation, and regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labeling,_mitigation,_and_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_inequality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_inequality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Social inequality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_inequality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="طعام سهل التحضير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طعام سهل التحضير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Кулінарныя паўфабрыкаты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кулінарныя паўфабрыкаты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_Food" title="Convenience Food – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Convenience Food" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato_preparado" title="Plato preparado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plato preparado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B0%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="غذای آماده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غذای آماده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%84%ED%8E%B8%EC%8B%9D" title="간편식 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="간편식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimento_pronto" title="Alimento pronto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alimento pronto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9nyelmi_%C3%A9lelmiszerek" title="Kényelmi élelmiszerek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kényelmi élelmiszerek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="အလွယ်တကူ ပြုပြင်စားသုံးနိုင်သော အစားအစာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလွယ်တကူ ပြုပြင်စားသုံးနိုင်သော အစားအစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garma%C5%BC" title="Garmaż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Garmaż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Кулинарные полуфабрикаты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кулинарные полуфабрикаты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjella_e_gatshme" title="Gjella e gatshme – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjella e gatshme" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Convenience food" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eines" title="Eines – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eines" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolay_yiyecek" title="Kolay yiyecek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kolay yiyecek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кулінарні напівфабрикати – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кулінарні напівфабрикати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_ph%E1%BA%A9m_ti%E1%BB%87n_l%E1%BB%A3i" title="Thực phẩm tiện lợi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực phẩm tiện lợi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81" title="方便食品 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="方便食品" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13030962#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Processed food designed for ease of preparation and consumption</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Packaged food" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ready-to-eat food" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Meal,_Ready-to-Eat" title="Meal, Ready-to-Eat">Meal, Ready-to-Eat</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SnackfoodRackDF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SnackfoodRackDF.JPG/220px-SnackfoodRackDF.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SnackfoodRackDF.JPG/330px-SnackfoodRackDF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SnackfoodRackDF.JPG/440px-SnackfoodRackDF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Rack of convenience <a href="/wiki/Snack_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Snack food">snack foods</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Convenience food</b> (also called <a href="/wiki/Food_processing#Tertiary_food_processing" title="Food processing">tertiary processed food</a>) is <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> that is commercially <a href="/wiki/Food_preparation" class="mw-redirect" title="Food preparation">prepared</a> (often through <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">processing</a>) for ease of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_(food_chain)" title="Consumer (food chain)">consumption</a>, and is usually ready to eat without further preparation. It may also be easily portable, have a long <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>, or offer a combination of such convenient traits. Convenience foods include ready-to-eat dry products, <a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">frozen food</a> such as <a href="/wiki/TV_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="TV dinner">TV dinners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">shelf-stable food</a>, prepared mixes such as cake mix, and <a href="/wiki/Snack_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Snack food">snack food</a>. Food scientists now consider most of these products to be <a href="/wiki/Ultra-processed_food" title="Ultra-processed food">ultra-processed foods</a> and link them to poor health outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)" title="Salting (food)">salted food</a> and other prepared foods have been sold for thousands of years, but these typically require a much lower level of industrial processing, as reflected in systems such as the <a href="/wiki/Nova_classification" title="Nova classification">Nova classification</a>. Other types of food were developed with improvements in <a href="/wiki/Food_technology" title="Food technology">food technology</a>. Types of convenience foods can vary by country and geographic region. Some convenience foods have received criticism due to concerns about nutritional content and how their packaging may increase solid waste in landfills. Various methods are used to reduce the unhealthy aspects of commercially produced food and fight <a href="/wiki/Childhood_obesity" title="Childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a>. </p><p>Convenience food is commercially prepared for ease of consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-Nutrition_Bible_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nutrition_Bible-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Products designated as convenience food are often sold as hot, ready-to-eat dishes; as room-temperature, shelf-stable products; or as refrigerated or <a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">frozen food</a> products that require minimal preparation (typically just heating).<sup id="cite_ref-Health_and_age_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Health_and_age-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Convenience foods have also been described as foods that have been created to "make them more appealing to the consumer."<sup id="cite_ref-Chow_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chow-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Convenience foods and restaurants are similar in that they save time.<sup id="cite_ref-Ensminger1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ensminger1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They differ in that restaurant food is ready to eat, whilst convenience food usually requires rudimentary preparation. Both typically cost more money and less time compared to home cooking from scratch.<sup id="cite_ref-Ensminger1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ensminger1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout history, people have bought food from <a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">bakeries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creamery" title="Creamery">creameries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">butcher</a> shops and other commercial processors to save time and effort. The <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a> people of Central <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> utilized several convenience foods that required only adding water for preparation, which were used by travelers.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">Cornmeal</a> that was ground and dried, referred to as <i>pinolli</i>, was used by travelers as a convenience food in this manner.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canned food</a> was developed in the 19th century, primarily for military use, and became more popular during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The expansion of canning depended significantly upon the development of canneries for producing large quantities of cans very cheaply. Before the 1850s, making a can for food required a skilled <a href="/wiki/Tinsmith" title="Tinsmith">tinsmith</a>; afterwards, an unskilled laborer, operating a can-making machine, could produce 15 times as many cans each day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the earliest industrial-scale processed foods was <a href="/wiki/Meatpacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Meatpacking">meatpacking</a>. After the invention of a system of <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">refrigerator cars</a> in 1878, animals could be raised, slaughtered, and butchered hundreds (later thousands) of miles or kilometers away from the consumer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grocery_Store_display-1966-11-no_border.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Grocery_Store_display-1966-11-no_border.jpg/220px-Grocery_Store_display-1966-11-no_border.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Grocery_Store_display-1966-11-no_border.jpg/330px-Grocery_Store_display-1966-11-no_border.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Grocery_Store_display-1966-11-no_border.jpg/440px-Grocery_Store_display-1966-11-no_border.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Grocery store display in 1966</figcaption></figure><p>Experience in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> contributed to the development of <a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">frozen foods</a> and the frozen <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ensminger2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ensminger2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern convenience food saw its beginnings in the United States during the period that began <a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion" title="Post–World War II economic expansion">after World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these products had their origins in military-developed foods designed for storage longevity and ease of preparation in the battle field. Following the war, several commercial food companies had leftover manufacturing facilities, and some of these companies created new freeze-dried and canned foods for home use.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many product introductions, not all were successful—convenience food staples such as <a href="/wiki/Fish_sticks" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish sticks">fish sticks</a> and canned <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a> were counterbalanced by failures such as ham sticks and <a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">cheeseburgers</a>-in-a-can.<sup id="cite_ref-shapiro_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shapiro-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this new focus on convenience foods and the use of technology in the kitchen alleviated labor that was traditionally carried out by women, and therefore meals that could be prepared quickly enabled women to exercise more control over their time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the 2010s due to increased preference for fresh, "<a href="/wiki/Natural_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural foods">natural</a>", <a href="/wiki/Whole_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole food">whole</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">organic food</a> and health concerns the acceptability of processed food to consumers in the United States was dropping and the reputation of major packaged food brands had been damaged. Firms responded by offering "healthier" formulations and acquisition of brands with better reputations.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT11615_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT11615-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Convenience foods can include products such as <a href="/wiki/Candy" title="Candy">candy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverages">beverages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Soft_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft drinks">soft drinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juices" class="mw-redirect" title="Juices">juices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits">fruits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a> in fresh or <a href="/wiki/Dried_fruit" title="Dried fruit">preserved</a> states; <a href="/wiki/Cold_cut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold cut">processed meats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Processed_cheese" title="Processed cheese">cheeses</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">canned</a> products such as <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> dishes. Additional convenience foods include <a href="/wiki/Frozen_pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Frozen pizza">frozen pizza</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chips<sup id="cite_ref-Chow_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chow-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Potato_chip" title="Potato chip">potato chips</a> (known in Britain as crisps),<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">pretzels</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Chow_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chow-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">cookies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rees_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rees-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These products are often sold in <a href="/wiki/Portion_control_(dieting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portion control (dieting)">portion-controlled</a>, single-serving <a href="/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">packaging</a> designed for portability.<sup id="cite_ref-Diversity_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diversity-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Packaged_mixes">Packaged mixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Packaged mixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cake_mix_in_plastic_packet_photo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Cake_mix_in_plastic_packet_photo.JPG/220px-Cake_mix_in_plastic_packet_photo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Cake_mix_in_plastic_packet_photo.JPG/330px-Cake_mix_in_plastic_packet_photo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Cake_mix_in_plastic_packet_photo.JPG/440px-Cake_mix_in_plastic_packet_photo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>A cake mix</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gristmill" title="Gristmill">Gristmills</a> have produced <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> for <a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baking</a> for thousands of years. In more recent times flour has been sold with other ingredients mixed in, as have other products ready to cook. Packaged mixes are convenience foods<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which typically require some preparation and cooking either in the oven or on the stove top. </p><p>Packaged baked goods mixes typically use chemical <a href="/wiki/Leavener" class="mw-redirect" title="Leavener">leaveners</a> (commonly referred to as baking powder<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), for a quick, reliable result, avoiding the requirement for time-consuming skilled labor and the climate control needed for traditional yeast breads. These packaged mixes produce a type of <a href="/wiki/Quickbread" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickbread">quickbread</a>. </p><p>Examples include <a href="/wiki/Cake_mix" class="mw-redirect" title="Cake mix">cake mixes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Macaroni_and_cheese" title="Macaroni and cheese">macaroni and cheese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_brownie" title="Chocolate brownie">brownie</a> mixes,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">gravy</a> mixes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some packaged mixes may have a high <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a> content.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country">By country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Onigiri_at_a_convenience_store_by_typester_in_Kamakura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Onigiri_at_a_convenience_store_by_typester_in_Kamakura.jpg/220px-Onigiri_at_a_convenience_store_by_typester_in_Kamakura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Onigiri_at_a_convenience_store_by_typester_in_Kamakura.jpg/330px-Onigiri_at_a_convenience_store_by_typester_in_Kamakura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Onigiri_at_a_convenience_store_by_typester_in_Kamakura.jpg/440px-Onigiri_at_a_convenience_store_by_typester_in_Kamakura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">Onigiri</a> at a convenience store in <a href="/wiki/Kamakura,_Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakura, Kanagawa">Kamakura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2007, it was noted in the book <i>Australia's food & nutrition 2012</i> that a distinct increase in convenience food consumption had been occurring in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_roll" title="Breakfast roll">breakfast rolls</a> eaten by busy workers became a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a> economic boom.<sup id="cite_ref-mcdonald20080512_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcdonald20080512-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">onigiri</a> (rice balls) are a popular convenience food<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that dates for millennia — by the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> these were established enough to be mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Heian_literature" title="Heian literature">literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional Japanese convenience foods include prepared <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a> (bean curd),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prepared packages of seafood<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Instant_soup" title="Instant soup">instant</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> noodles.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">the Philippines</a>, ready-to-consume packages of traditional Filipino dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Sisig" title="Sisig">sisig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_adobo" title="Philippine adobo">adobo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaldereta" title="Kaldereta">caldereta</a> are popular products offered by convenience stores across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canned <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> packed in oil is a convenience food in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Russia, frozen <a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">pelmeni</a>, a type of meat dumplings, adopted from Uralic peoples such as <a href="/wiki/Komi_peoples" title="Komi peoples">Komi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mansi_people" title="Mansi people">Mansi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Udmurts" title="Udmurts">Udmurts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are known from at least the 18th century, and industrially produced and prepacked pelmeni are a staple of the supermarket freezer sections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_region">By region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: By region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Western_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Africa">Western Africa</a>, processed <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> flour that has been grated and dried is a popular convenience food.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retail">Retail</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Retail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some instances, retail sales of convenience foods may provide higher profit margins for food retailers compared to the profits attained from sales of the individual ingredients that are present in the convenience foods.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A survey in 1984 attributed over one-third of funds spent by consumers for food in <a href="/wiki/Britain_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britain (country)">Britain</a> to be for convenience food purchases.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_and_health_concerns">Environmental and health concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Environmental and health concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7-Eleven_Frozen_Spaghetti_Rendang.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/7-Eleven_Frozen_Spaghetti_Rendang.JPG/220px-7-Eleven_Frozen_Spaghetti_Rendang.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/7-Eleven_Frozen_Spaghetti_Rendang.JPG/330px-7-Eleven_Frozen_Spaghetti_Rendang.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/7-Eleven_Frozen_Spaghetti_Rendang.JPG/440px-7-Eleven_Frozen_Spaghetti_Rendang.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption>Refrigerated dinner, to be heated in a microwave oven</figcaption></figure> <p>Several groups have cited the environmental harm of single serve packaging due to the increased usage of <a href="/wiki/Plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastics">plastics</a> that contributes to <a href="/wiki/Solid_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid waste">solid waste</a> in <a href="/wiki/Landfills" class="mw-redirect" title="Landfills">landfills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wwuk_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwuk-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters-waste_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-waste-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to concerns about <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a> and other health problems, some health organizations have criticized the high fat, sugar, salt, <a href="/wiki/Food_preservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Food preservative">food preservatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additives</a> that are present in some convenience foods.<sup id="cite_ref-Diversity_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diversity-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most developed countries, 80% of consumed salt comes from industry-prepared food (5% come from natural salt; 15% comes from salt added during cooking or eating).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_salt" title="Health effects of salt">Health effects of salt</a> concentrate on <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> and depend in part on how much is consumed. A single serving of many convenience foods contains a significant portion of the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_Reference_Intake" title="Dietary Reference Intake">recommended daily allowance</a> of sodium. Manufacturers are concerned that if the taste of their product is not optimized with salt, it will not sell as well as competing products. Tests have shown that some popular packaged foods depend on significant amounts of salt for their <a href="/wiki/Palatability" title="Palatability">palatability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-hardsell_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-hardsell-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labeling,_mitigation,_and_regulation"><span id="Labeling.2C_mitigation.2C_and_regulation"></span>Labeling, mitigation, and regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Labeling, mitigation, and regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Very_long_ingredients_list_with_may_preservatives_on_highly_processed_food.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Very_long_ingredients_list_with_may_preservatives_on_highly_processed_food.jpg/220px-Very_long_ingredients_list_with_may_preservatives_on_highly_processed_food.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Very_long_ingredients_list_with_may_preservatives_on_highly_processed_food.jpg/330px-Very_long_ingredients_list_with_may_preservatives_on_highly_processed_food.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Very_long_ingredients_list_with_may_preservatives_on_highly_processed_food.jpg/440px-Very_long_ingredients_list_with_may_preservatives_on_highly_processed_food.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Many preservatives, salts, artificial colors and artificial flavorings are used in this highly processed frozen food item.</figcaption></figure> <p>In response to the issues surrounding the healthfulness of convenience and restaurant foods, an initiative in the United States, spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> and her <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Move!" title="Let's Move!">Let's Move!</a></i> campaign, to reduce the unhealthy aspects of commercially produced food and fight childhood obesity, was unveiled by the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in February 2010. Mrs. Obama has pushed the industry to cut back on sugars and salts found in many convenience foods, encouraging self-regulation over government intervention through laws and regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-dp-sweet_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dp-sweet-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Mrs. Obama's stated preference on self-regulation, the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> announced that it was looking into quantifying the guidelines into law while other groups and municipalities are seeking to add other preventive measures such as target taxes and levies onto these products.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs-sodium_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-sodium-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ap-jalonick_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap-jalonick-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the attention, in April 2010 a coalition of sixteen manufacturers all agreed to reduce salt levels in foods sold in the United States under a program based on a similar effort in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs-sodium_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-sodium-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the initiative has met with resistance from some manufacturers, who claim that processed foods require the current high levels of salt to remain appetizing and to mask undesirable effects of food processing such as "<a href="/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor" title="Warmed-over flavor">warmed-over flavor</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-hardsell_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-hardsell-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coalition expanded its mission in May 2010 by announcing that it intends to reduce the amount of calories in foods. By introducing lower calorie foods, changing product recipes and reducing portion sizes, the coalition stated that it expected to reduce the caloric content of foods by more than 1.5 trillion calories in total by 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-ap-jalonick_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap-jalonick-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_inequality">Social inequality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Social inequality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As previously stated, convenience foods cover a variety of food groups and come in numerous forms. Thus, there are a variety of healthy and unhealthy convenience foods. Research such as the 2002 study by Kimberly Morland et al., have correlated inequalities between low-income communities and increased access to unhealthy convenience foods. This is mostly due to the decline of affordable grocery stores in some urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparing low-income communities to more affluent communities, there are four times more supermarkets located in white communities than the black communities (commonly found in <a href="/wiki/Food_desert" title="Food desert">food deserts</a>). As a result, the 2002 study concluded that with limited access to healthy food options in supermarkets, members within the low-income and minority communities have unequal access.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (November 2018)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A 2010 study by Dharma E. Cortes et al. also found a connection between consumption of unhealthy convenience food and minority communities. Limited access to healthy food options has resulted in an increase in <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a> amongst members in these communities.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (November 2018)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many low-income families struggle with buying fresh fruits and vegetables and nutritional meals for their families because of the price of the products. These families are most often located in <a href="/wiki/Food_desert" title="Food desert">food deserts</a> and fresh food is not readily available in their community. Thus, families resort to buying food that is high in fat, sugar, and salt because these highly processed options are inexpensive. These highly processed foods make up a significant portion of unhealthy convenience foods.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_food" title="Comfort food">Comfort food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">Convenience store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_desert" title="Food desert">Food desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Food preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">Food processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_food" title="Junk food">Junk food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="List of foods">List of foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snack_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Snack food">Snack food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-processed_food" title="Ultra-processed food">Ultra-processed food</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMonteiroCannonLevyMoubarac2019" class="citation journal cs1">Monteiro, Carlos A.; Cannon, Geoffrey; Levy, Renata B; Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Louzada, Maria L. C.; Rauber, Fernanda; Khandpur, Neha; Cediel, Gustavo; Neri, Daniela; Martinez-Steele, Euridice; Baraldi, Larissa G.; Jaime, Patricia C. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10260459">"Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them"</a>. <i>Public Health Nutrition</i>. <b>22</b> (5): 936–941. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1368980018003762">10.1017/S1368980018003762</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1368-9800">1368-9800</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10260459">10260459</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30744710">30744710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Ultra-processed+foods%3A+what+they+are+and+how+to+identify+them&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=936-941&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10260459%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1368-9800&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30744710&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1368980018003762&rft.aulast=Monteiro&rft.aufirst=Carlos+A.&rft.au=Cannon%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Levy%2C+Renata+B&rft.au=Moubarac%2C+Jean-Claude&rft.au=Louzada%2C+Maria+L.+C.&rft.au=Rauber%2C+Fernanda&rft.au=Khandpur%2C+Neha&rft.au=Cediel%2C+Gustavo&rft.au=Neri%2C+Daniela&rft.au=Martinez-Steele%2C+Euridice&rft.au=Baraldi%2C+Larissa+G.&rft.au=Jaime%2C+Patricia+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10260459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nutrition_Bible-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nutrition_Bible_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_AndersonBarbara_Deskins1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anderson_(cookbook_author)" title="Jean Anderson (cookbook author)">Jean Anderson</a>; Barbara Deskins (October 1995). <i>The Nutrition Bible</i> (1st ed.). William Morrow & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-11619-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-11619-4"><bdi>978-0-688-11619-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nutrition+Bible&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Co&rft.date=1995-10&rft.isbn=978-0-688-11619-4&rft.au=Jean+Anderson&rft.au=Barbara+Deskins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Health_and_age-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Health_and_age_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422033216/http://www.healthandage.com/Home/gid2=2434">"Convenience Foods"</a>. <i>Swiss Association for Nutrition</i>. Health and Age Center. 8 May 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthandage.com/Home/gid2=2434">the original</a> on 22 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swiss+Association+for+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Convenience+Foods&rft.date=2003-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthandage.com%2FHome%2Fgid2%3D2434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chow-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chow_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chow_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chow_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChow2007" class="citation book cs1">Chow, Ching Kuang (19 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hcl0fkcrfbEC&q=snack+chips+convenience+food&pg=PA335"><i>Fatty Acids in Foods and their Health Implications, Third Edition</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781420006902" title="Special:BookSources/9781420006902"><bdi>9781420006902</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fatty+Acids+in+Foods+and+their+Health+Implications%2C+Third+Edition&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft.isbn=9781420006902&rft.aulast=Chow&rft.aufirst=Ching+Kuang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHcl0fkcrfbEC%26q%3Dsnack%2Bchips%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ensminger1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ensminger1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ensminger1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ensminger 1994, p. 463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeokePorterfield2009" class="citation book cs1">Keoke, Emory Dean; Porterfield, Kay Marie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QIFTVWJH3doC&q=south+america+convenience+food&pg=PA138"><i>Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations - Emory Dean Keoke, Kay Marie Porterfield</i></a>. Infobase. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438109909" title="Special:BookSources/9781438109909"><bdi>9781438109909</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Indian+Contributions+to+the+World%3A+15%2C000+Years+of+Inventions+and+Innovations+-+Emory+Dean+Keoke%2C+Kay+Marie+Porterfield&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781438109909&rft.aulast=Keoke&rft.aufirst=Emory+Dean&rft.au=Porterfield%2C+Kay+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIFTVWJH3doC%26q%3Dsouth%2Bamerica%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013). <i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i>. Faber and Faber. pp. 46–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.pages=46-48&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ensminger2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ensminger2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ensminger 1994, p. 465.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosseMoser2008" class="citation book cs1">Gosse, Van; Moser, Richard R. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TDiatOE5B24C&q=Japanese+convenience+food&pg=PA150"><i>The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America</i></a>. Temple University Press. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592138463" title="Special:BookSources/9781592138463"><bdi>9781592138463</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+the+Sixties+Made%3A+Politics+and+Culture+in+Recent+America&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781592138463&rft.aulast=Gosse&rft.aufirst=Van&rft.au=Moser%2C+Richard+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTDiatOE5B24C%26q%3DJapanese%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolphSchlegelmilchBauerFranch2012" class="citation book cs1">Rudolph, Thomas; Schlegelmilch, Bodo B.; Bauer, András; Franch, Josep; Meise, Jan Niklas (9 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jiLxeHlP03sC&q=history+convenience+food&pg=PA180"><i>Diversity in European Marketing: Text and Cases</i></a>. Springer. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783834969767" title="Special:BookSources/9783834969767"><bdi>9783834969767</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diversity+in+European+Marketing%3A+Text+and+Cases&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-03-09&rft.isbn=9783834969767&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Schlegelmilch%2C+Bodo+B.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Andr%C3%A1s&rft.au=Franch%2C+Josep&rft.au=Meise%2C+Jan+Niklas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjiLxeHlP03sC%26q%3Dhistory%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shapiro-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shapiro_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Shapiro" title="Laura Shapiro">Shapiro, Laura</a> (29 March 2005). <i>Something from the Oven: Reinventing Dinner in 1950s America</i>. New York: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303491-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303491-9"><bdi>978-0-14-303491-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Something+from+the+Oven%3A+Reinventing+Dinner+in+1950s+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303491-9&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurer2017" class="citation cs2">Maurer, Elizabeth (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/how-highly-processed-foods-liberated-1950s-housewives"><i>How Highly Processed Foods Liberated 1950s Housewives</i></a>, National Women's History Museum</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Highly+Processed+Foods+Liberated+1950s+Housewives&rft.pub=National+Women%27s+History+Museum&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Maurer&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenshistory.org%2Farticles%2Fhow-highly-processed-foods-liberated-1950s-housewives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT11615-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT11615_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Taparia_and_Pamela_Koch2015" class="citation news cs1">Hans Taparia and Pamela Koch (6 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/08/opinion/a-seismic-shift-in-how-people-eat.html">"A Seismic Shift in How People Eat"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2015</span>. <q>The food movement over the past couple of decades has substantially altered consumer behavior and reshaped the competitive landscape.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Seismic+Shift+in+How+People+Eat&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft.au=Hans+Taparia+and+Pamela+Koch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F11%2F08%2Fopinion%2Fa-seismic-shift-in-how-people-eat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rees-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rees_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees2005" class="citation book cs1">Rees, Jonathan (30 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uB9TZrE_gi4C&q=potato+chips+convenience+food&pg=PA22"><i>Eating Properly - Jonathan Rees</i></a>. Smart Apple Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781583405918" title="Special:BookSources/9781583405918"><bdi>9781583405918</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eating+Properly+-+Jonathan+Rees&rft.pub=Smart+Apple+Media&rft.date=2005-07-30&rft.isbn=9781583405918&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuB9TZrE_gi4C%26q%3Dpotato%2Bchips%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diversity-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diversity_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diversity_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolphSchlegelmilchBauerFranch2012" class="citation book cs1">Rudolph, Thomas; Schlegelmilch, Bodo B.; Bauer, András; Franch, Josep; Meise, Jan Niklas (9 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jiLxeHlP03sC&q=single+serving+convenience+food&pg=PA181"><i>Diversity in European Marketing: Text and Cases</i></a>. Springer. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783834969767" title="Special:BookSources/9783834969767"><bdi>9783834969767</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diversity+in+European+Marketing%3A+Text+and+Cases&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-03-09&rft.isbn=9783834969767&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Schlegelmilch%2C+Bodo+B.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Andr%C3%A1s&rft.au=Franch%2C+Josep&rft.au=Meise%2C+Jan+Niklas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjiLxeHlP03sC%26q%3Dsingle%2Bserving%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrewerRisvikSchifferstein2001" class="citation book cs1">Frewer, Lynn J.; Risvik, Einar; Schifferstein, Hendrik (21 September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RyYM4OuSixUC&q=single+serving+convenience+food&pg=PA333"><i>Food, People and Society: A European Perspective of Consumers' Food Choices</i></a>. Springer. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540415213" title="Special:BookSources/9783540415213"><bdi>9783540415213</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food%2C+People+and+Society%3A+A+European+Perspective+of+Consumers%27+Food+Choices&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2001-09-21&rft.isbn=9783540415213&rft.aulast=Frewer&rft.aufirst=Lynn+J.&rft.au=Risvik%2C+Einar&rft.au=Schifferstein%2C+Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRyYM4OuSixUC%26q%3Dsingle%2Bserving%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickie_a._VaclavikMarjorie_m._DevineMarcia_h._Pimentel2002" class="citation book cs1">Vickie a. Vaclavik, Ph. D.; Marjorie m. Devine, Ph. D.; Marcia h. Pimentel, M. S. (7 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nT0d4Ewjb1wC&q=Packaged+mix+convenience+foods&pg=PA5"><i>Dimensions of Food, Fifth Edition - Vickie A. Vaclavik, Ph.D., Marcia H. Pimentel, M.S., Marjorie M. Devine, Ph.D.</i></a> CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439832714" title="Special:BookSources/9781439832714"><bdi>9781439832714</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dimensions+of+Food%2C+Fifth+Edition+-+Vickie+A.+Vaclavik%2C+Ph.D.%2C+Marcia+H.+Pimentel%2C+M.S.%2C+Marjorie+M.+Devine%2C+Ph.D.&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2002-06-07&rft.isbn=9781439832714&rft.aulast=Vickie+a.+Vaclavik&rft.aufirst=Ph.+D.&rft.au=Marjorie+m.+Devine%2C+Ph.+D.&rft.au=Marcia+h.+Pimentel%2C+M.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnT0d4Ewjb1wC%26q%3DPackaged%2Bmix%2Bconvenience%2Bfoods%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Brodie, John Godber "Bakery Processes, Chemical Leavening Agents" in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2001, John Wiley & Sons. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0471238961.0308051303082114.a01.pub2">10.1002/0471238961.0308051303082114.a01.pub2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartelHartel2009" class="citation book cs1">Hartel, Richard W.; Hartel, Annakate (1 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PMOrW3zkirwC&q=Packaged+mixes&pg=PA143"><i>Food bites [electronic resource]: the science of the foods we eat - Richard W. Hartel, AnnaKate Hartel</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780387758459" title="Special:BookSources/9780387758459"><bdi>9780387758459</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+bites+%5Belectronic+resource%26%2393%3B%3A+the+science+of+the+foods+we+eat+-+Richard+W.+Hartel%2C+AnnaKate+Hartel&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.isbn=9780387758459&rft.aulast=Hartel&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft.au=Hartel%2C+Annakate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPMOrW3zkirwC%26q%3DPackaged%2Bmixes%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2007" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Andrew F. (May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC&q=macaroni+and+cheese+convenience+food&pg=PA363"><i>The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195307962" title="Special:BookSources/9780195307962"><bdi>9780195307962</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+American+Food+and+Drink&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2007-05&rft.isbn=9780195307962&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAoWlCmNDA3QC%26q%3Dmacaroni%2Band%2Bcheese%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehaffyMehaffy1995" class="citation book cs1">Mehaffy, Carolyn; Mehaffy, Bob (November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w3PszdK5gtIC&q=Packaged+mixes&pg=PA39"><i>Destination Mexico: Planning a Cruise to Mexico - Carolyn Mehaffy, Bob Mehaffy</i></a>. Paradise Cay Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780939837410" title="Special:BookSources/9780939837410"><bdi>9780939837410</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination+Mexico%3A+Planning+a+Cruise+to+Mexico+-+Carolyn+Mehaffy%2C+Bob+Mehaffy&rft.pub=Paradise+Cay+Publications&rft.date=1995-11&rft.isbn=9780939837410&rft.aulast=Mehaffy&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.au=Mehaffy%2C+Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw3PszdK5gtIC%26q%3DPackaged%2Bmixes%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBricklin1994" class="citation book cs1">Bricklin, Mark (15 August 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iPFokL0MuswC&q=Packaged+gravy+mixes&pg=PA339"><i>Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet</i></a>. Rodale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875962252" title="Special:BookSources/9780875962252"><bdi>9780875962252</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prevention+Magazine%27s+Nutrition+Advisor%3A+The+Ultimate+Guide+to+the+Health-Boosting+and+Health-Harming+Factors+in+Your+Diet&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.date=1994-08-15&rft.isbn=9780875962252&rft.aulast=Bricklin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiPFokL0MuswC%26q%3DPackaged%2Bgravy%2Bmixes%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannonVierckBeale2006" class="citation book cs1">Cannon, Dr. Christopher P.; Vierck, Elizabeth; Beale, Lucy (5 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8gqHERUZlw8C&q=Packaged+mixes&pg=PA221"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Anti-Inflammation Diet - Christopher Cannon, Elizabeth Vierck</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440696879" title="Special:BookSources/9781440696879"><bdi>9781440696879</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+the+Anti-Inflammation+Diet+-+Christopher+Cannon%2C+Elizabeth+Vierck&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2006-12-05&rft.isbn=9781440696879&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Christopher+P.&rft.au=Vierck%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Beale%2C+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8gqHERUZlw8C%26q%3DPackaged%2Bmixes%26pg%3DPA221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelfare2012" class="citation book cs1">Welfare, Australian Institute of Health and (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eIfb1zwTFqcC&q=australia+convenience+food&pg=PA13"><i>Australia's food & nutrition 2012</i></a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781742493237" title="Special:BookSources/9781742493237"><bdi>9781742493237</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia%27s+food+%26+nutrition+2012&rft.pages=13&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781742493237&rft.aulast=Welfare&rft.aufirst=Australian+Institute+of+Health+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeIfb1zwTFqcC%26q%3Daustralia%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcdonald20080512-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mcdonald20080512_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2008" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Brian (12 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/top-breakfast-baguette-rolls-into-irish-history-26445568.html">"Top breakfast baguette rolls into Irish history"</a>. <i>Irish Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Top+breakfast+baguette+rolls+into+Irish+history&rft.date=2008-05-12&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Ftop-breakfast-baguette-rolls-into-irish-history-26445568.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilk2006" class="citation book cs1">Wilk, Richard R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mJvpFC1-x5AC&q=Japanese+convenience+food&pg=PA131"><i>Fast Food, Slow Food: The Cultural Economy of the Global Food System</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780759109155" title="Special:BookSources/9780759109155"><bdi>9780759109155</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fast+Food%2C+Slow+Food%3A+The+Cultural+Economy+of+the+Global+Food+System&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780759109155&rft.aulast=Wilk&rft.aufirst=Richard+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmJvpFC1-x5AC%26q%3DJapanese%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkedaShinji_KishigamiKen_Akiyama1958" class="citation book cs1">Ikeda, Kikan; Shinji Kishigami; Ken Akiyama (1958). <i>Koten Bungaku Taikei 19: Makura no Sōshi, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki</i>. Tōkyō: <a href="/wiki/Iwanami_Shoten_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwanami Shoten Publishing">Iwanami Shoten</a>. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-00-060019-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-00-060019-4"><bdi>978-4-00-060019-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Koten+Bungaku+Taikei+19%3A+Makura+no+S%C5%8Dshi%2C+Murasaki+Shikibu+Nikki&rft.place=T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=Iwanami+Shoten&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-4-00-060019-4&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.aufirst=Kikan&rft.au=Shinji+Kishigami&rft.au=Ken+Akiyama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasegawaYūichirō_Imanishi1989" class="citation book cs1">Hasegawa, Masaharu; Yūichirō Imanishi (1989). <i>Shin Koten Bungaku Taikei 24: Tosa Nikki, Kagerō Nikki, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki, Sarashina Nikki</i>. Tōkyō: <a href="/wiki/Iwanami_Shoten_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwanami Shoten Publishing">Iwanami Shoten</a>. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-00-240024-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-00-240024-2"><bdi>978-4-00-240024-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shin+Koten+Bungaku+Taikei+24%3A+Tosa+Nikki%2C+Kager%C5%8D+Nikki%2C+Murasaki+Shikibu+Nikki%2C+Sarashina+Nikki&rft.place=T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Iwanami+Shoten&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-4-00-240024-2&rft.aulast=Hasegawa&rft.aufirst=Masaharu&rft.au=Y%C5%ABichir%C5%8D+Imanishi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshkenaziJacob2000" class="citation book cs1">Ashkenazi, Michael; Jacob, Jeanne (26 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g_eGICVMj3YC&q=Japanese+convenience+food&pg=PA55"><i>The Essence of Japanese Cuisine: An Essay on Food and Culture - Michael Ashkenazi, Jeanne Jacob</i></a>. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812235661" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812235661"><bdi>978-0812235661</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essence+of+Japanese+Cuisine%3A+An+Essay+on+Food+and+Culture+-+Michael+Ashkenazi%2C+Jeanne+Jacob&rft.pages=55&rft.date=2000-10-26&rft.isbn=978-0812235661&rft.aulast=Ashkenazi&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg_eGICVMj3YC%26q%3DJapanese%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerginHaward1996" class="citation book cs1">Bergin, Anthony; Haward, Marcus G. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OULfrDOF1wAC&q=Japanese+convenience+food&pg=PA28"><i>Japan's Tuna Fishing Industry: A Setting Sun Or New Dawn? - Anthony Bergin, Marcus G. Haward</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781560722410" title="Special:BookSources/9781560722410"><bdi>9781560722410</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Tuna+Fishing+Industry%3A+A+Setting+Sun+Or+New+Dawn%3F+-+Anthony+Bergin%2C+Marcus+G.+Haward&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781560722410&rft.aulast=Bergin&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Haward%2C+Marcus+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOULfrDOF1wAC%26q%3DJapanese%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarlan2011" class="citation book cs1">Harlan, Jessica (30 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wjRO3z1KcKUC&q=Japan+noodle+convenience+food&pg=PT11"><i>Ramen to the Rescue Cookbook: 120 Creative Recipes for Easy Meals Using Everyone's Favorite Pack of Noodles - Jessica Harlan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781612430041" title="Special:BookSources/9781612430041"><bdi>9781612430041</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ramen+to+the+Rescue+Cookbook%3A+120+Creative+Recipes+for+Easy+Meals+Using+Everyone%27s+Favorite+Pack+of+Noodles+-+Jessica+Harlan&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft.isbn=9781612430041&rft.aulast=Harlan&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwjRO3z1KcKUC%26q%3DJapan%2Bnoodle%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2019" class="citation web cs1">Lucas, Daxim L. (2019-09-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://business.inquirer.net/278309/more-filipinos-getting-everyday-meals-from-convenience-stores">"More Filipinos getting everyday meals from convenience stores"</a>. <i>INQUIRER.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INQUIRER.net&rft.atitle=More+Filipinos+getting+everyday+meals+from+convenience+stores&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Daxim+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.inquirer.net%2F278309%2Fmore-filipinos-getting-everyday-meals-from-convenience-stores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarclay2008" class="citation book cs1">Barclay, Kate (8 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ly3JcCmf7VoC&q=Japanese+convenience+food&pg=PA3"><i>A Japanese Joint Venture in the Pacific: Foreign bodies in tinned tuna - Kate Barclay</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203930908" title="Special:BookSources/9780203930908"><bdi>9780203930908</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Japanese+Joint+Venture+in+the+Pacific%3A+Foreign+bodies+in+tinned+tuna+-+Kate+Barclay&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.isbn=9780203930908&rft.aulast=Barclay&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLy3JcCmf7VoC%26q%3DJapanese%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=24562">Dal Dictionary on-line</a> derives the etymology of pel'men' from pel'=ear and nan'=bread in Komi and Mansi (Vogul) languages. This may be why pelmeni are called <i><a href="/wiki/Uszka" title="Uszka">uszka</a></i> ("ears") in Poland.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsseo-Asare2005" class="citation book cs1">Osseo-Asare, Fran (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1s-a7EMM6BgC&q=african+convenience+food&pg=PA30"><i>Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa - Fran Osseo-Asare</i></a>. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313324888" title="Special:BookSources/9780313324888"><bdi>9780313324888</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Culture+in+Sub-Saharan+Africa+-+Fran+Osseo-Asare&rft.pages=30&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780313324888&rft.aulast=Osseo-Asare&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1s-a7EMM6BgC%26q%3Dafrican%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedmanFreedman2007" class="citation book cs1">Freedman, Paul; Freedman, Professor Paul (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0tWMtRLaZOEC&q=convenience+food+history&pg=PA350"><i>Food: The History of Taste</i></a>. p. 350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520254763" title="Special:BookSources/9780520254763"><bdi>9780520254763</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food%3A+The+History+of+Taste&rft.pages=350&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780520254763&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Professor+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0tWMtRLaZOEC%26q%3Dconvenience%2Bfood%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPA350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffer2006" class="citation book cs1">Offer, Avner (9 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yg0VASw8KO8C&q=british+convenience+food&pg=PA145"><i>The Challenge of Affluence: Self-Control and Well-Being in the United States and Britain Since 1950 - Avner Offer</i></a>. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198208532" title="Special:BookSources/9780198208532"><bdi>9780198208532</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Affluence%3A+Self-Control+and+Well-Being+in+the+United+States+and+Britain+Since+1950+-+Avner+Offer&rft.pages=145&rft.date=2006-03-09&rft.isbn=9780198208532&rft.aulast=Offer&rft.aufirst=Avner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYg0VASw8KO8C%26q%3Dbritish%2Bconvenience%2Bfood%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwuk-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wwuk_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090915182340/http://www.wastewatch.org.uk/page/4819/About-Us/Our-views/Talking-about-waste-prevention">"Talking about waste prevention"</a>. Waste Watch UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wastewatch.org.uk/page/4819/About-Us/Our-views/Talking-about-waste-prevention">the original</a> on 15 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Talking+about+waste+prevention&rft.pub=Waste+Watch+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wastewatch.org.uk%2Fpage%2F4819%2FAbout-Us%2FOur-views%2FTalking-about-waste-prevention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-waste-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters-waste_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301152707/http://www.scientistlive.com/European-Food-Scientist/Packaging/Food_packaging_waste_a_concern/19764">"Food packaging waste a concern"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 14 February 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientistlive.com/European-Food-Scientist/Packaging/Food_packaging_waste_a_concern/19764/">the original</a> on 1 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2009</span>. <q>Wasteful food packaging is among the fastest-growing environmental concerns for shoppers worldwide with New Zealanders most willing to cut back, a poll showed on Thursday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Food+packaging+waste+a+concern&rft.date=2008-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientistlive.com%2FEuropean-Food-Scientist%2FPackaging%2FFood_packaging_waste_a_concern%2F19764%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelahaye2013" class="citation journal cs1">Delahaye, François (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.acvd.2013.01.003">"Should we eat less salt?"</a>. <i>Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases</i>. <b>106</b> (5): 324–332. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.acvd.2013.01.003">10.1016/j.acvd.2013.01.003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23769406">23769406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Cardiovascular+Diseases&rft.atitle=Should+we+eat+less+salt%3F&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=324-332&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.acvd.2013.01.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23769406&rft.aulast=Delahaye&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.acvd.2013.01.003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-hardsell-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-hardsell_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-hardsell_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Moss2010" class="citation news cs1">Michael Moss (29 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/30/health/30salt.html">"The hard sell on salt"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+hard+sell+on+salt&rft.date=2010-05-29&rft.au=Michael+Moss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F05%2F30%2Fhealth%2F30salt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dp-sweet-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dp-sweet_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweet2010" class="citation web cs1">Sweet, Lynn (11 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819230533/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/05/11/michelle-obama-unveils-anti-childhood-obesity-action-plan">"Michelle Obama Unveils Anti-Childhood Obesity Action Plan"</a>. <i>Politics Daily</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/05/11/michelle-obama-unveils-anti-childhood-obesity-action-plan/">the original</a> on 19 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Enrique (March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2012.11.012">"Food Purchasing Selection Among Low-Income, Spanish-Speaking Latinos"</a>. <i>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</i>. <b>44</b> (3): S267–S273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2012.11.012">10.1016/j.amepre.2012.11.012</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0749-3797">0749-3797</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23415192">23415192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Food+Purchasing+Selection+Among+Low-Income%2C+Spanish-Speaking+Latinos&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=S267-S273&rft.date=2013-03&rft.issn=0749-3797&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23415192&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2012.11.012&rft.aulast=Cort%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Dharma+E.&rft.au=Mill%C3%A1n-Ferro%2C+Andreina&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Karen&rft.au=Vega%2C+Rodolfo+R.&rft.au=Caballero%2C+A.+Enrique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.amepre.2012.11.012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2014" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Sherwood (18 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8rotBgAAQBAJ&q=%22Social+Injustice+in+Our+Food+Systems+Contributes+to+Food+Insecurity+and+Obesity%22&pg=PA331">"Food Justice: Social Injustice in Our Food Systems Contributes to Food Insecurity and Obesity"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 331–334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442216068" title="Special:BookSources/9781442216068"><bdi>9781442216068</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Food+Justice%3A+Social+Injustice+in+Our+Food+Systems+Contributes+to+Food+Insecurity+and+Obesity&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Diversity+and+Social+Justice&rft.pages=331-334&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.isbn=9781442216068&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Sherwood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8rotBgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Social%2BInjustice%2Bin%2BOur%2BFood%2BSystems%2BContributes%2Bto%2BFood%2BInsecurity%2Band%2BObesity%2522%26pg%3DPA331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConvenience+food" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ensminger, Audrey H. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&dq=Foods+and+Nutrition+Encyclopedia%3A+A-H.+%2C+convenience+food&pg=PA463"><i>Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia: A-H. 1</i></a>. CRC Press. Pages 463-476 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0849389801" title="Special:BookSources/0849389801">0849389801</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenience_food&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Lawrence_(sociologist)" title="Geoffrey Lawrence (sociologist)">Lawrence, Geoffrey</a>; Lyons, Kristen; Wallington, Tabatha (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ciRFgy8lMoC&dq=convenience+food+history&pg=PT130"><i>Food Security, Nutrition and Sustainability</i></a>. Routledge. Chapter 8, pages (unlisted). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1136545654" title="Special:BookSources/1136545654">1136545654</a></li> <li>Obenauf, Carl F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd16GwAACAAJ&q=convenience+food+history"><i>The Building of an Industry: The History of the Convenience Food Industry</i></a>. C.F. Obenauf.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Fast_culture" title="Template:Fast culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fast_culture" title="Template talk:Fast culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fast_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fast culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fast_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">Fast culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Convenience food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">Convenience store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">Fast fashion</a></li> 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meals_navbox" title="Template:Meals navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meals_navbox" title="Template talk:Meals navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meals_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meals navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common meals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suhur" title="Suhur">Suhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast" title="Breakfast">Breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_breakfast" title="Second breakfast">Second breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevenses" title="Elevenses">Elevenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)" title="Break (work)">Coffee break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunch" title="Brunch">Brunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch" title="Lunch">Lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merienda" title="Merienda">Merienda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffin" title="Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinner" title="Dinner">Dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supper" title="Supper">Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siu_yeh" title="Siu yeh">Siu yeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components<br />and <a href="/wiki/Course_(food)" title="Course (food)">courses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre" title="Hors d'oeuvre">Hors d'oeuvre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amuse-bouche" title="Amuse-bouche">Amuse-bouche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">Soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entr%C3%A9e" title="Entrée">Entrée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">Main course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">Side dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entremets" class="mw-redirect" title="Entremets">Entremets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">Dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoury_(dish)" title="Savoury (dish)">Savoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal_replacement" title="Meal replacement">Meal replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">Snack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foodservice#Table_service" title="Foodservice">Table service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffet" title="Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_belt_sushi" title="Conveyor belt sushi">Conveyor belt sushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">Dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_food" title="Finger food">Finger food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-course_dinner" title="Full-course dinner">Full-course dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platter_(dinner)" class="mw-redirect" title="Platter (dinner)">Platter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod%C3%ADzio" title="Rodízio">Rodízio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Service à la française">Service à la française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_%C3%A0_la_russe" title="Service à la russe">Service à la russe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_service" title="Silver service">Silver service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_plates" title="Small plates">Small plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_reservation" title="Table reservation">Table reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_fresco_dining" class="mw-redirect" title="Al fresco dining">Al fresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eating_utensils" title="List of eating utensils">Eating utensils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_presentation" title="Food presentation">Food presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnish_(cooking)" title="Garnish (cooking)">Garnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyotaimori" title="Nyotaimori">Nyotaimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_mont%C3%A9e" title="Pièce montée">Pièce montée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serving_size" title="Serving size">Serving size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_setting" title="Table setting">Table setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablecloth" title="Tablecloth">Tablecloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableware" title="Tableware">Tableware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_manners" title="Table manners">Table manners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eating_utensil_etiquette" title="Eating utensil etiquette">Eating utensil etiquette</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast_(honor)" title="Toast (honor)">Toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_staff" title="Waiting staff">Waiting staff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anju_(food)" title="Anju (food)">Anju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipasto" title="Antipasto">Antipasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicchetti" title="Cicchetti">Cicchetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banchan" title="Banchan">Banchan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korean_table_d%27h%C3%B4te" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean table d'hôte">Korean table d'hôte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandeja_paisa" title="Bandeja paisa">Bandeja paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastarkh%C4%81n" title="Dastarkhān">Dastarkhān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fika_(Sweden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fika (Sweden)">Fika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izakaya" title="Izakaya">Izakaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sakana" title="Sakana">Sakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiseki" title="Kaiseki">Kaiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_and_three" title="Meat and three">Meat and three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okazuya" title="Okazuya">Okazuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_lunch" title="Plate lunch">Plate lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_pu_platter" title="Pu pu platter">Pu pu platter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_three" title="Rice and three">Rice and three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rijsttafel" title="Rijsttafel">Rijsttafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhya">Sadhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">Smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">Thali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffin" title="Tiffin">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakuski" title="Zakuski">Zakuski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Packed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline_meal" title="Airline meal">Airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bento" title="Bento">Bento</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Convenience food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosirak" title="Dosirak">Dosirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiben" title="Ekiben">Ekiben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_rations" title="Emergency rations">Emergency rations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_meal" title="Frozen meal">Frozen meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_breakfast" title="Instant breakfast">Instant breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABbako" title="Jūbako">Jūbako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninja_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninja diet">Ninja diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packed_lunch" title="Packed lunch">Packed lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_food" title="Space food">Space food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take-out" title="Take-out">Take-out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menu" title="Menu">Menus</a> and<br />meal deals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_carte" title="À la carte">À la carte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-plate_special" title="Blue-plate special">Blue-plate special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_meal" title="Combination meal">Combination meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_lunch" title="Free lunch">Free lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_refill" title="Free refill">Free refill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_hour" title="Happy hour">Happy hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids%27_meal" title="Kids' meal">Kids' meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_meal" title="School meal">School meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_meal" title="Suspended meal">Suspended meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_d%27h%C3%B4te" title="Table d'hôte">Table d'hôte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasting_menu" title="Tasting menu">Tasting menu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Degustation" title="Degustation">Degustation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_menu" title="Value menu">Value menu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communal_meal" title="Communal meal">Communal meals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">Banquet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_banquet" title="State banquet">State banquet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium">Commercium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_in" title="Dining in">Dining in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potluck" title="Potluck">Potluck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seder" class="mw-redirect" title="Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittning" title="Sittning">Sittning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">Soup kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supra_(feast)" title="Supra (feast)">Supra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableround" class="mw-redirect" title="Tableround">Tableround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">food delivery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">Food delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_food_ordering" title="Online food ordering">Online food ordering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_restaurant" title="Virtual restaurant">Virtual restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places to eat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafeteria" title="Cafeteria">Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn" title="Inn">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen" title="Kitchen">Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess" title="Mess">Mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picnic_table" title="Picnic table">Picnic table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">Soup kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavern" title="Tavern">Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traiteur_(culinary_profession)" title="Traiteur (culinary profession)">Traiteur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">Coffee culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_(profession)" title="Cook (profession)">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chef" title="Chef">Chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating" title="Eating">Eating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_food_and_beverage_topics" title="Lists of food and beverage topics">Lists of food and beverage topics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_food_preparation" title="Outline of food preparation">Outline of food preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumeria" title="Salumeria">Salumeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture" title="Tea culture">Tea culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meals" title="Category:Meals">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meals" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Meals">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fast_food" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fast_food" title="Template:Fast food"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fast_food" title="Template talk:Fast food"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fast_food" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fast food"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fast_food" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Convenience food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_food" title="Junk food">Junk food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">Snack food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take-out" title="Take-out">Take-out</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">Drive-through</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Points of sale</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fast_food_restaurant_chains" title="List of fast food restaurant chains">Fast food restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_booth" title="Food booth">Food booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_cart" title="Food cart">Food cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_court" title="Food court">Food court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Select dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sandwich" title="Breakfast sandwich">Breakfast sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sausage" title="Breakfast sausage">Breakfast sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_wing" title="Buffalo wing">Buffalo wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fingers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken fingers">Chicken fingers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chicken_nugget" title="Chicken nugget">Chicken nuggets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_toast" title="French toast">French toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grilled_cheese" title="Grilled cheese">Grilled cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%ABdon" title="Gyūdon">Gyūdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_pretzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot pretzel">Hot pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_and_cheese" title="Macaroni and cheese">Macaroni and cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_ring" title="Onion ring">Onion rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">Pancakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter_and_jelly_sandwich" title="Peanut butter and jelly sandwich">Peanut butter and jelly sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">Salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">Taco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffle" title="Waffle">Waffles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_fast_food" title="Criticism of fast food">Criticism of fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food_advertising" title="Fast food advertising">Fast food advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_desert" title="Food desert">Food desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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