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id="toc-Landscapes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landscapes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Landscapes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landscapes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Largest cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Westphalia_and_Eastphalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westphalia_and_Eastphalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Westphalia and Eastphalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westphalia_and_Eastphalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Current use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Previous use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Similar versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_use_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Current use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_use_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous_use_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_use_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Previous use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_use_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_versions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_versions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Similar versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_versions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_incursion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_incursion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Roman incursion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_incursion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charlemagne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charlemagne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Charlemagne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charlemagne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Early modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prussia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prussia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Prussia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prussia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Westphalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Westphalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Modern Westphalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Westphalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Westphalia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="وستفاليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وستفاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia" title="Westfalia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вестфалія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вестфалія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вестфалия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westf%C3%A0lia" title="Westfàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Westfàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestf%C3%A1lsko" title="Vestfálsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vestfálsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfaal" title="Vestfaal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vestfaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia" title="Westfalia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalio" title="Vestfalio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vestfalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia" title="Westfalia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="وست‌فالن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وست‌فالن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalie" title="Westphalie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Westphalie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen_(streek)" title="Westfalen (streek) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Westfalen (streek)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia" title="Westfalia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%8C" title="베스트팔렌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베스트팔렌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalija" title="Vestfalija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia_(daerah)" title="Westfalia (daerah) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Westfalia (daerah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfal%C3%ADa" title="Vestfalía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vestfalía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalia" title="Vestfalia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="וסטפאליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וסטפאליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვესტფალია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვესტფალია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfale" title="Westfale – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Westfale" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia" title="Westfalia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalija" title="Vestfalija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesfale" title="Wesfale – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wesfale" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вестфалија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вестфалија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen_(streek)" title="Westfalen (streek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Westfalen (streek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3" title="ヴェストファーレン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェストファーレン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вестфали – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вестфали" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia" title="Westfalia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestf%C3%A1lia" title="Vestfália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vestfália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalia" title="Westfalia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Westfalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вестфалия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вестфалия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalie" title="Westphalie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Westphalie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalia" title="Vestfalia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vestfalia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Westphalia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вестфалија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вестфалија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalija" title="Vestfalija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vestfalija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestfalya_(b%C3%B6lge)" title="Vestfalya (bölge) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vestfalya (bölge)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вестфалія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вестфалія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfalen" title="Westfalen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Westphalia&params=51.608333_N_7.933333_E_type:city(7913035)_region:DE-NW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°36′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°56′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.608333°N 7.933333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.608333; 7.933333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State part and historic region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places named Westphalia, see <a href="/wiki/Westphalia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Westphalia (disambiguation)">Westphalia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State part and historic region of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Westphalia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="DE"><span style="font-size:85%;">Westfalen</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">State part and historic region of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#TTTTTT;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#TTTTTT;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG/280px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG/420px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG/560px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#TTTTTT;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal_Porta_Westfalica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal_Porta_Westfalica.jpg/139px-Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal_Porta_Westfalica.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal_Porta_Westfalica.jpg/209px-Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal_Porta_Westfalica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal_Porta_Westfalica.jpg/278px-Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal_Porta_Westfalica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5394" data-file-height="3583" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wewelsburg2010_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wewelsburg2010_b.jpg/139px-Wewelsburg2010_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wewelsburg2010_b.jpg/209px-Wewelsburg2010_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wewelsburg2010_b.jpg/278px-Wewelsburg2010_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2950" data-file-height="1978" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#TTTTTT;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schloss_Nordkirchen_Germany_NRW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Schloss_Nordkirchen_Germany_NRW.jpg/139px-Schloss_Nordkirchen_Germany_NRW.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Schloss_Nordkirchen_Germany_NRW.jpg/209px-Schloss_Nordkirchen_Germany_NRW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Schloss_Nordkirchen_Germany_NRW.jpg/278px-Schloss_Nordkirchen_Germany_NRW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dortmund.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dortmund.jpg/139px-Dortmund.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dortmund.jpg/209px-Dortmund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dortmund.jpg/278px-Dortmund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#TTTTTT;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freudenberg_-_historischer_Stadtkern_%22Alter_Flecken%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Freudenberg_-_historischer_Stadtkern_%22Alter_Flecken%22.jpg/280px-Freudenberg_-_historischer_Stadtkern_%22Alter_Flecken%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Freudenberg_-_historischer_Stadtkern_%22Alter_Flecken%22.jpg/420px-Freudenberg_-_historischer_Stadtkern_%22Alter_Flecken%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Freudenberg_-_historischer_Stadtkern_%22Alter_Flecken%22.jpg/560px-Freudenberg_-_historischer_Stadtkern_%22Alter_Flecken%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4716" data-file-height="1845" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prinzipalmarkt" title="Prinzipalmarkt">Prinzipalmarkt</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> (1st row),<br /><a href="/wiki/Emperor_William_Monument_(Porta_Westfalica)" title="Emperor William Monument (Porta Westfalica)">Emperor William Monument</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Porta_Westfalica_(gorge)" title="Porta Westfalica (gorge)">Porta Westfalica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg">Wewelsburg</a> castle (2nd row),<br /><a href="/wiki/Nordkirchen_Castle" title="Nordkirchen Castle">Nordkirchen Castle</a> and skyline of <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> (3rd row),<br />town centre of <a href="/wiki/Freudenberg,_Westphalia" title="Freudenberg, Westphalia">Freudenberg</a> (4th row)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Westphalia"><img alt="Flag of Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/169px-Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="169" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/254px-Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/338px-Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="241" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Westphalia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/100px-Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/150px-Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/200px-Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="274" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <i>Westfalenlied</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westphalia_in_Germany_FMue.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Westphalia in Germany."><img alt="Location of Westphalia in Germany." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Westphalia_in_Germany_FMue.png/250px-Westphalia_in_Germany_FMue.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Westphalia_in_Germany_FMue.png/375px-Westphalia_in_Germany_FMue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Westphalia_in_Germany_FMue.png/500px-Westphalia_in_Germany_FMue.png 2x" data-file-width="2078" data-file-height="2463" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Westphalia in Germany.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_Westfalen_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Westphalia in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia borders on the Northern Rhineland in the west and Lippe in the northeast."><img alt="Westphalia in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia borders on the Northern Rhineland in the west and Lippe in the northeast." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Locator_map_Westfalen_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/250px-Locator_map_Westfalen_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Locator_map_Westfalen_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/375px-Locator_map_Westfalen_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Locator_map_Westfalen_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/500px-Locator_map_Westfalen_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="656" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Westphalia in the state of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> borders on the Northern <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">Lippe</a> in the northeast.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Geographic centre of Westphalia): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Westphalia&params=51.608333_N_7.933333_E_type:city(7913035)_region:DE-NW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°36′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°56′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.608333°N 7.933333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.608333; 7.933333</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Governmental districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>3</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Arnsberg</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Detmold_(region)" title="Detmold (region)">Detmold</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Independent_city#Germany" title="Independent city">independent cities</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>26</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Borken_(district)" title="Borken (district)">Borken</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">Coesfeld</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis" title="Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis">Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh_(district)" title="Gütersloh (district)">Gütersloh</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Herford_(district)" title="Herford (district)">Herford</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hochsauerlandkreis" title="Hochsauerlandkreis">Hochsauerlandkreis</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter_(district)" title="Höxter (district)">Höxter</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis" title="Märkischer Kreis">Märkischer Kreis</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">Minden-Lübbecke</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Olpe_(district)" title="Olpe (district)">Olpe</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">Paderborn</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen_(district)" title="Recklinghausen (district)">Recklinghausen</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Siegen-Wittgenstein" title="Siegen-Wittgenstein">Siegen-Wittgenstein</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Soest_(district)" title="Soest (district)">Soest</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">Steinfurt</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Unna_(district)" title="Unna (district)">Unna</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">Warendorf</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></i> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Further <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany#Municipalities_(Gemeinden)" title="States of Germany">cities, towns and municipalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>206</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">30 April 1815 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Province of Westphalia</a>; other predecessors existed since the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>.)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prussian_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_of_Saxony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />23 August 1946 <span style="font-size:85%;">(as a part of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-post-WW2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-WW2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,210 km<sup>2</sup> (7,803 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">843 m (2,766 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_May_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,913,035</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">390/km<sup>2</sup> (1,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Persons: </i>the Westphalian <span style="font-size:85%;">(der Westfale [male] / die Westfälin [female])</span>, the Westphalians <span style="font-size:85%;">(die Westfalen)</span><br /><i>Adjective: </i>Westphalian <span style="font-size:85%;">(westfälisch)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a> (CET))</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a> (CEST))</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Westphalia</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Westfalen</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[vɛstˈfaːlən]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>: <i lang="nds">Westfalen</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nds-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[vεs(t)ˈfɔːln]</a></span>) is a region of northwestern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and one of the three historic parts of the state of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>. It has an area of 20,210 square kilometres (7,800 sq mi) and 7.9 million inhabitants. </p><p>The territory of the region is almost identical with the historic <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Province of Westphalia</a>, which was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> from 1815 to 1918<sup id="cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prussian_Province_2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a> from 1918 to 1946. In 1946, Westphalia merged with <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine" title="North Rhine">North Rhine</a>, another former part of Prussia, to form the newly created state of North Rhine-Westphalia. In 1947, the state with its two historic parts was joined by a third one: Lippe, a former <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">principality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Lippe" title="Free State of Lippe">free state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1789_territories_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1789_territories-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seventeen <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">districts</a> and nine <a href="/wiki/Independent_city#Germany" title="Independent city">independent cities</a> of Westphalia and <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">the single district of Lippe</a> are members of the <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia#Subdivisions" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association</a> (<i>Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Westphalia-Lippe_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westphalia-Lippe-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previous to the formation of Westphalia as a province of Prussia and later state part of North Rhine-Westphalia, the term "Westphalia" was applied to different territories of different sizes such as the western part of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Westphalia" title="Duchy of Westphalia">Duchy of Westphalia</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Kingdom of Westphalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1789_territories_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1789_territories-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prussian_Province_2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian language">Westphalian language</a>, a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German language</a>, is spoken beyond modern Westphalia's borders in neighbouring southwestern <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> and northwestern <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dialects_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialects-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sauerland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sauerland.jpg/220px-Sauerland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sauerland.jpg/330px-Sauerland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Sauerland.jpg/440px-Sauerland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sauerland" title="Sauerland">Sauerland</a> mountainous landscape</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bauernhof_Melle_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bauernhof_Melle_2.jpg/220px-Bauernhof_Melle_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bauernhof_Melle_2.jpg/330px-Bauernhof_Melle_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bauernhof_Melle_2.jpg/440px-Bauernhof_Melle_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Typical <a href="/wiki/Low_German_house" title="Low German house">Westphalian houses</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landscapes">Landscapes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Landscapes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being a part of the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Plain" title="North German Plain">North German Plain</a>, most of Westphalia's north is flat. In the south the German <a href="/wiki/Central_Uplands" title="Central Uplands">Central Uplands</a> emerge. Westphalia is divided into the following landscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-Westphalia-Lippe_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westphalia-Lippe-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Flat to hilly</b> <i>(498 m or 1,634 ft and under):</i> <a href="/wiki/East_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="East Westphalia">East Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsterland" class="mw-redirect" title="Münsterland">Münsterland</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr Metropolitan Area</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tecklenburg_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tecklenburg Land (page does not exist)">Tecklenburg Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellweg_B%C3%B6rde" title="Hellweg Börde">Westphalian Hellweg</a> </p><p><b>Hilly to mountainous</b> <i>(up to 843 m or 2,766 ft):</i> Westphalian part of the <a href="/wiki/Sauerland" title="Sauerland">Sauerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siegerland" title="Siegerland">Siegerland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wittgenstein_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wittgenstein Land (page does not exist)">Wittgenstein</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Largest cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">List of cities in Germany by population</a></div> <table cellspacing="20" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Eastern Ruhr Metropolitan Area</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>East Westphalia</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Münsterland</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Siegerland</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westphalia is roughly the region in between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weser" title="Weser">Weser</a>, located both north and south of the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_(river)" title="Ruhr (river)">Ruhr</a> River. Other important rivers are the <a href="/wiki/Ems_(river)" title="Ems (river)">Ems</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(river)" title="Lippe (river)">Lippe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountains">Mountains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="List of mountains and hills of North Rhine-Westphalia">List of mountains and hills of North Rhine-Westphalia</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Langenberg_(Rothaar)" title="Langenberg (Rothaar)">Langenberg</a> (843 m or 2,766 ft) and the <a href="/wiki/Kahler_Asten" title="Kahler Asten">Kahler Asten</a> (842 m or 2,762 ft) in the Sauerland part of the <a href="/wiki/Rothaar_Mountains" title="Rothaar Mountains">Rothaar Mountains</a> are Westphalia's and also North Rhine-Westphalia's highest mountains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Westphalia_and_Eastphalia">Westphalia and Eastphalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Westphalia and Eastphalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "Westphalia" contrasts with the much less used term "<a href="/wiki/Eastphalia" title="Eastphalia">Eastphalia</a>", which roughly covers the southeastern part of the present-day state of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_of_Saxony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division">Division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westphalia is divided into three <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">governmental districts</a>. These are subdivided into further <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_city#Germany" title="Independent city">independent cities</a>. </p><p>All districts and independent cities of the governmental districts of <a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Arnsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a> are considered to be a part of Westphalia as a historic region. The <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">District of Lippe</a> as successor of the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Lippe" title="Free State of Lippe">Free State of Lippe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Detmold_(region)" title="Detmold (region)">Governmental District of Detmold</a> is rather considered to be a separate historic region. </p> <table cellspacing="20" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Governmental District of Arnsberg</a><br /> 3,582,497 inhabitants <i>(as of 31 December 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</i><sup id="cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_May_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 8,010 km<sup>2</sup> (3,094 sq mi)<br /> (all districts and independent cities) </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bochum_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Bochum_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bochum_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Bochum_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Bochum_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Bochum_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Bochum_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="398" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">City of Bochum</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Dortmund_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">City of Dortmund</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="484" /></a></span> Ennepe-Ruhr District <i>(<a href="/wiki/Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis" title="Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis">Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis</a>)</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Hagen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DEU_Hagen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Hagen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DEU_Hagen_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Hagen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DEU_Hagen_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Hagen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="644" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">City of Hagen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Hamm_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/DEU_Hamm_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Hamm_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/DEU_Hamm_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Hamm_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/DEU_Hamm_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Hamm_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="485" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">City of Hamm</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Herne_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/DEU_Herne_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Herne_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/DEU_Herne_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Herne_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/DEU_Herne_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Herne_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="116" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">City of Herne</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Hochsauerlandkreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="835" /></a></span> High Sauerland District <i>(<a href="/wiki/Hochsauerlandkreis" title="Hochsauerlandkreis">Hochsauerlandkreis</a>)</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg/30px-DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg/45px-DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg/60px-DEU_M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="647" /></a></span> Markish District <i>(<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis" title="Märkischer Kreis">Märkischer Kreis</a>)</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Olpe_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="860" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olpe_(district)" title="Olpe (district)">District of Olpe</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Siegen-Wittgenstein_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Siegen-Wittgenstein" title="Siegen-Wittgenstein">District of Siegen-Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Soest_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Soest_(district)" title="Soest (district)">District of Soest</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg/30px-Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg/45px-Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg/60px-Wappen_Kreis_Unna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="826" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Unna_(district)" title="Unna (district)">District of Unna</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Detmold_(region)" title="Detmold (region)">Governmental District of Detmold</a><br /> 1,706,919 inhabitants <i>(as of 31 December 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</i><sup id="cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_May_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 5,280 km<sup>2</sup> (2,038 sq mi)<br /> (all districts and independent cities <b>except</b> <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">District of Lippe</a>) </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Bielefeld_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">City of Bielefeld</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_G%C3%BCtersloh_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh_(district)" title="Gütersloh (district)">District of Gütersloh</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Herford_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="642" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Herford_(district)" title="Herford (district)">District of Herford</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_H%C3%B6xter_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="466" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter_(district)" title="Höxter (district)">District of Höxter</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Minden-Luebbecke_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">District of Minden-Lübbecke</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Paderborn_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="589" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">District of Paderborn</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Governmental District of Münster</a><br /> 2,623,619 inhabitants <i>(as of 31 December 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</i><sup id="cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_May_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 6,920 km<sup>2</sup> (2,671 sq mi)<br /> (all districts and independent cities) </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Borken_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Borken_(district)" title="Borken (district)">District of Borken</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Bottrop_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="575" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">City of Bottrop</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Coesfeld_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="462" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">District of Coesfeld</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Gelsenkirchen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="513" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">City of Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg/30px-DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg/45px-DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg/60px-DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="896" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">City of Münster</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Recklinghausen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="862" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen_(district)" title="Recklinghausen (district)">District of Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Steinfurt_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="817" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">District of Steinfurt</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg/30px-DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg/45px-DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg/60px-DEU_Kreis_Warendorf_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">District of Warendorf</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="float:right"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center"><b>Westphalia</b> <i>(present)</i> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" colspan="2" align="center"><b>North Rhine-Westphalia</b> <i>(present)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/80px-Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/120px-Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/160px-Wappen_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/120px-Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/180px-Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg/240px-Flagge_des_Landschaftsverbandes_Westfalen-Lippe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="241" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center">Civil <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia">flag</a> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center">Government flag </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/120px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/180px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/240px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_%28state%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_%28state%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_%28state%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" colspan="3" align="center"><b>Province of Westphalia</b> <i>(historical)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_Arms_of_Westphalia.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_Arms_of_Westphalia.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coat_of_Arms_of_Westphalia.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/120px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/180px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/240px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" colspan="3" align="center"><b>Lower Saxony</b> <i>(present)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="680" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;" colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/120px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/180px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/240px-Flag_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_use">Current use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional symbol of Westphalia is the Westphalian Steed: a white horse on a red field. It is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Steed" title="Saxon Steed">Saxon Steed</a> in the coat of arms of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a> which most of today's Westphalia was part of. In official contexts the coat of arms of Westphalia is being used by the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association,<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Arms_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Arms-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which represents these two historic parts of North Rhine-Westphalia. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westphalia">coat of arms of North Rhine-Westphalia</a> uses the Westphalian Steed to represent Westphalia as one of its parts alongside the Lippish Rose representing Lippe and the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> River representing the Northern Rhineland.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Previous_use">Previous use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Previous use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> already used the Westphalian Steed in the coat of arms of its <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Province of Westphalia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Similar_versions">Similar versions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Similar versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Coat of arms of Lower Saxony">coat of arms of Lower Saxony</a> uses a different version of the Saxon Steed since the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">state</a> also covers large parts of the Old Saxons' duchy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flag">Flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_use_2">Current use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Current use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The colours of Westphalia are white and red. The flag of the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association uses these colours with the Westphalian coat of arms in its centre.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Arms_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Arms-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia">flag of North Rhine-Westphalia</a> is a combination of the Northern Rhineland's colours green/white and the Westphalian white/red.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Previous_use_2">Previous use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Previous use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flag of the Prussian Province of Westphalia already displayed the colours white and red. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Similar_versions_2">Similar versions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Similar versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Flag of Lower Saxony">flag of Lower Saxony</a> shows the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" title="Flag of Germany"> colours of Germany</a> and the Saxon Steed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthem">Anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Composed in <a href="/wiki/Iserlohn" title="Iserlohn">Iserlohn</a> in 1886 by <a href="/wiki/Emil_Rittershaus" title="Emil Rittershaus">Emil Rittershaus</a>, the <i>Westfalenlied</i> is an unofficial anthem of Westphalia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dialekte_in_Nordrhein-Westfalen.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dialekte_in_Nordrhein-Westfalen.PNG/340px-Dialekte_in_Nordrhein-Westfalen.PNG" decoding="async" width="340" height="438" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dialekte_in_Nordrhein-Westfalen.PNG/510px-Dialekte_in_Nordrhein-Westfalen.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Dialekte_in_Nordrhein-Westfalen.PNG 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption>Dialects in North Rhine-Westphalia: <a href="/wiki/Central_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Franconian">Central Franconian</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Franconian_Franconian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Franconian Franconian (page does not exist)">Low Franconian Franconian</a> dialects in red, <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German dialects</a> in blue.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westphalian_(German)_ladies_peasant_costume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westphalian_%28German%29_ladies_peasant_costume.jpg/220px-Westphalian_%28German%29_ladies_peasant_costume.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westphalian_%28German%29_ladies_peasant_costume.jpg/330px-Westphalian_%28German%29_ladies_peasant_costume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Westphalian_%28German%29_ladies_peasant_costume.jpg/440px-Westphalian_%28German%29_ladies_peasant_costume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Westphalian (German) ladies peasant costume – illustration by Percy Anderson for Costume Fanciful, Historical and Theatrical, 1906.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the Northern Rhineland, Westphalia and Lippe are different historic territories of today's <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, the old border between the former <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Province of Westphalia</a> is also a language border. While in Westphalia and Lippe, people tend to speak <a href="/wiki/West_Low_German" class="mw-redirect" title="West Low German">West Low German dialects</a> and especially the <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian language">Westphalian</a> variant of the <a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_German" title="Central German">Central German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Franconian languages">Low Franconian</a> dialects are spoken in the Northern Rhineland.<sup id="cite_ref-dialects_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialects-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These different regional identities are often being emphasized by different majorities of denomination between <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Lutheran Protestants</a>. The different majorities date back to the days of the <a href="/wiki/Kleinstaaterei" title="Kleinstaaterei">territorial fragmentation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire (of the German Nation)</a> which existed until 1806. The <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsterland" class="mw-redirect" title="Münsterland">Münsterland</a> and the region around <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a> for instance are still mainly Catholic regions because of the former existence of the <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">prince-bishoprics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Münster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Paderborn" title="Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn">Paderborn</a>. The mainly Reformed <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">Lippe</a> was even able to retain its independence as a small state within <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">Germany</a> in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">principality</a> until 1918 and as a <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Lippe" title="Free State of Lippe">free state</a> until 1946. This continues to influence the identity of its people who often distinguish themselves from neighbouring regions such as <a href="/wiki/East_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="East Westphalia">East Westphalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1789_territories_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1789_territories-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to these historic, lingual and religious aspects, there are some regional differences in culture and mentality. That is why many of the citizens of North Rhine-Westphalia rather see themselves either as "Rhinelanders", "Westphalians" or "Lippers" rather than as "North Rhine-Westphalians". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="History of North Rhine-Westphalia">History of North Rhine-Westphalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></div> <p>Westphalia is known for the 1648 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> which ended the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, as the two treaties were signed in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>. </p><p>It is one of the regions that were part of all <a href="/wiki/Succession_of_states" title="Succession of states">incarnations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">German state</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">National Socialist Germany</a>. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> it was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">British occupation zone</a> which merged with the American zone to become the <a href="/wiki/Bizone" title="Bizone">Bizone</a> in 1947 and again merged with the French zone to become the Trizone in 1948. The current <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> was founded on these territories making Westphalia a part of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. It is a part of united Germany since 1990. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_incursion">Roman incursion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Roman incursion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around AD 1 there were numerous incursions through Westphalia and perhaps even some permanent <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> or Romanized settlements. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest" title="Battle of the Teutoburg Forest">Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a> took place near Osnabrück, which at this time was a place of settlement of the Westphalians, who were a part of the Germanic tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>. Some of the tribes who fought at this battle came from the area of Westphalia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Charlemagne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> is thought to have spent considerable time in <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a> and nearby parts. His <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Wars" title="Saxon Wars">Saxon Wars</a> also partly took place in what is thought of as Westphalia today. Popular legends link his adversary <a href="/wiki/Widukind" title="Widukind">Widukind</a> to places near Detmold, Bielefeld, Lemgo, Osnabrück and other places in Westphalia. Widukind was buried in <a href="/wiki/Enger" title="Enger">Enger</a>, which is also a subject of a legend.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_of_Saxony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westfalia_locator_map_(1000).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Westfalia_locator_map_%281000%29.svg/220px-Westfalia_locator_map_%281000%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Westfalia_locator_map_%281000%29.svg/330px-Westfalia_locator_map_%281000%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Westfalia_locator_map_%281000%29.svg/440px-Westfalia_locator_map_%281000%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Westphalia within Saxony circa 1000 CE<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d40000; color:white;"> </span> Westphalia</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FEFEE9; color:black;"> </span> Other parts of Saxony</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F6E1B9; color:black;"> </span> Rest of the <a href="/wiki/German_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="German Kingdom">German Kingdom</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Eastphalia" title="Eastphalia">Eastphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angria" title="Angria">Angria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nordalbingia" title="Nordalbingia">Nordalbingia</a>, Westphalia <i>(Westfalahi)</i> was originally a district of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a>. At the time, large portions of its territory in the north lay in what today is <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>. Following the deposition of the Saxon duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a> in 1180 and the subsequent belittlement of the duchy, Westphalia was elevated to a duchy in its own right by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Barbarossa</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Westphalia" title="Duchy of Westphalia">Duchy of Westphalia</a> comprised only a small area south of the <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(river)" title="Lippe (river)">Lippe River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_of_Saxony-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Westphalia was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle</a> of the Holy Roman Empire, which comprised territories of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Lorraine">Lower Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Frisia</a> and parts of the former <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_era">Early modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Early modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_(Gerard_Terborch_1648).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg/220px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg/330px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg/440px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_%28Gerard_Terborch_1648%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4649" /></a><figcaption>Ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> of 1648 in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> by Gerard Terborch (1617–1681)</figcaption></figure> <p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, there was no dominant religion in Westphalia. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> were on a relatively equal footing. Lutheranism was strong in the eastern and northern parts with numerous free churches. Münster and especially Paderborn were considered to be Catholic. Osnabrück was divided almost equally between Catholicism and Protestantism.<sup id="cite_ref-Reformation_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reformation-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parts of Westphalia came under <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussian</a> control during the 17th and 18th centuries, but most of it remained divided by duchies and other areas of feudal power. The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> of 1648, signed in Münster and Osnabrück, ended the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. The concept of nation-state sovereignty resulting from the treaty became known as "<a href="/wiki/Westphalian_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian sovereignty">Westphalian sovereignty</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Reformation_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reformation-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prussia">Prussia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Prussia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Province of Westphalia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westphalia_x3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Westphalia_x3.svg/170px-Westphalia_x3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Westphalia_x3.svg/255px-Westphalia_x3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Westphalia_x3.svg/340px-Westphalia_x3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Prussian Westphalia edged in red, the Kingdom of Westphalia edged in green with the territorial overlap of former <a href="/wiki/Minden-Ravensberg" title="Minden-Ravensberg">Minden-Ravensberg</a>, pasted over today's borders with North Rhine-Westphalia in dark grey.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Empire_-_Prussia_-_Westphalia_(1871).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/German_Empire_-_Prussia_-_Westphalia_%281871%29.svg/170px-German_Empire_-_Prussia_-_Westphalia_%281871%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/German_Empire_-_Prussia_-_Westphalia_%281871%29.svg/255px-German_Empire_-_Prussia_-_Westphalia_%281871%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/German_Empire_-_Prussia_-_Westphalia_%281871%29.svg/340px-German_Empire_-_Prussia_-_Westphalia_%281871%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Westphalia (red), within the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian Army</a> by the French at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena%E2%80%93Auerstedt" title="Battle of Jena–Auerstedt">Battle of Jena–Auerstedt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Treaty of Tilsit</a> in 1807 made the easternmost portion of today's Westphalia part of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Kingdom of Westphalia</a> until 1813, when the kingdom was dissolved by the Russians. While this state shared its name with the historical region, it only contained a relatively small part of Westphalia, rather consisting of mostly <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hessian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastphalia" title="Eastphalia">Eastphalian</a> regions.<sup id="cite_ref-1770-1815_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1770-1815-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> received a large amount of territories in the Westphalian region and created the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Province of Westphalia</a> in 1815. After in 1816, the former <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Westphalia" title="Duchy of Westphalia">Duchy of Westphalia</a> and the counties of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wittgenstein_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wittgenstein Land (page does not exist)">Wittgenstein</a> and in 1851 the <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">condominium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lippstadt" title="Lippstadt">Lippstadt</a> had joined the province, Westphalia had received its modern territorial shape.<sup id="cite_ref-1770-1815_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1770-1815-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prussian_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1816, the <a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">governmental districts</a> of Arnsberg, Minden and Münster were created.<sup id="cite_ref-1770-1815_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1770-1815-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prussian_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Westphalia">Modern Westphalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Modern Westphalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1946, the present state of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> was created by the <a href="/wiki/British_occupation_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="British occupation zone">British military government</a> from the former Prussian Province of Westphalia and the northern half of the former Prussian <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a>. The old governmental districts of 1816 stayed in place. When in 1947 the former <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Lippe" title="Free State of Lippe">Free State of Lippe</a> with its capital Detmold joined North Rhine-Westphalia, the "Governmental District of Minden" was enlarged by this territory and renamed "Governmental District of Detmold". In total, North Rhine-Westphalia is subdivided into five governmental districts <i>(<a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirke</a>)</i>. Westphalia today consists of the old governmental districts of <a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Arnsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Detmold_(region)" title="Detmold (region)">Detmold</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Lippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lippe">District of Lippe</a>, which is a separate historical region). Inhabitants of the region call themselves Westphalians and their home region Westphalia even though there is no administrative division by that name.<sup id="cite_ref-post-WW2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-WW2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westphalia is home to the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Westfalia-Werke" title="Westfalia-Werke">Westfalia-Werke</a>, the contractor that built the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Westfalia_Campers" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Westfalia Campers">Volkswagen Westfalia Campers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Candide" title="Candide">Candide</a>:</i> The protagonist of <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>'s novella of the same name, resides in Westphalia in the beginning of the story. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/21px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/42px-Flag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Rhine-Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_ham" title="Westphalian ham">Westphalian ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Castle" title="Horst Castle">Horst Castle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lwl.org/LWL/Kultur/Westfalen_Regional/Gebiet_Identitaet/Mittelpunkt">LWL: Zum Mittelpunkt Westfalens</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prussian_Province-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=126&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">LWL: Territorien > Preußische Provinz Westfalen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Part_of_Saxony-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_of_Saxony_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=29&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">LWL: Die Westfalen als Teil der Sachsen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-post-WW2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-post-WW2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-post-WW2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=42&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente#4">LWL: Westfalen in der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_May_2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_May_2011_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/bevoelkerungszahlen_zensus/index.html">IT.NRW: Bevölkerungszahlen auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011</a> (Bevölkerung der Regierungsbezirke Arnsberg, Detmold ohne den Kreis Lippe und Münster)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prussian_Province_2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prussian_Province_2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/provinz_westfalen.htm">Deutsches Kaiserreich: Provinz Westfalen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1789_territories-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1789_territories_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1789_territories_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1789_territories_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/LWL/Kultur/Westfalen_Regional/Gebiet_Identitaet/Territorien">LWL: Die westfälischen Territorien 1789</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westphalia-Lippe-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Westphalia-Lippe_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Westphalia-Lippe_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703212422/http://www.lwl.org/LWL/Der_LWL/Der-LWL-im-Ueberblick/Westfalen-Lippe">"LWL: Die Region Westfalen-Lippe"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/LWL/Der_LWL/Der-LWL-im-Ueberblick/Westfalen-Lippe">the original</a> on 3 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LWL%3A+Die+Region+Westfalen-Lippe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwl.org%2FLWL%2FDer_LWL%2FDer-LWL-im-Ueberblick%2FWestfalen-Lippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialects-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dialects_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialects_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lwl.org/LWL/Kultur/Westfalen_Regional/Gebiet_Identitaet/Mundarten/">LWL: Niederdeutsche Sprache – westfälische Mundarten</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lwl.org/LWL/Kultur/Westfalen_Regional/Naturraum/Natuerliche_Fliessgewaesser">LWL: Gewässerbildung und Systeme der natürlichen Fließgewässer in Westfalen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp-online.de/panorama/wissen/jeder-kennt-westfalen-gibt-es-auch-ostfalen-aid-1.1596440">RP online: Jeder kennt Westfalen — gibt es auch Ostfalen?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Official_Arms-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_Arms_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_Arms_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/lwl-download/datei-download2/Politik/satzungen/1031581787_0/Hauptsatzung_15.11.2007_mit_Anlagen.pdf">Hauptsatzung des LWL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202062038/https://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/GB_II/II.1/OeA/60JAHRE/2707_Landeswappen.jsp">"Landtag NRW: Das Wappen des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/GB_II/II.1/OeA/60JAHRE/2707_Landeswappen.jsp">the original</a> on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landtag+NRW%3A+Das+Wappen+des+Landes+Nordrhein-Westfalen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landtag.nrw.de%2Fportal%2FWWW%2FGB_II%2FII.1%2FOeA%2F60JAHRE%2F2707_Landeswappen.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestphalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mik.nrw.de/themen-aufgaben/verfassung-recht/hoheitszeichen/landesflagge.html">MIK NRW: Landesflagge</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/komuna/pdf/mundartregionen_westfalens.pdf">LWL: Mundartenregionen Westfalens</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=850&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">LWL: Westfalen zur Zeit der Germanen und Römer</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=28&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">LWL: Die Zeit der römischen Feldzüge in Germanien (12 v.-16 n. Chr.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reformation-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reformation_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reformation_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=32&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">LWL: Westfalen im konfessionellen Zeitalter</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1770-1815-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1770-1815_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1770-1815_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1770-1815_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=34&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">LWL: Vom feudalen zum modernen Westfalen 1770-1815</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westfalia-mobil.net/en/unternehmen/unternehmenshistorie.php">Westfalia – Company history</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westphalia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Westphalia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Westphalia">Westphalia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westfaelische-geschichte.de">Internet-Portal Westfälische Geschichte</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org">Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://land.nrw/en">Land of North Rhine-Westphalia</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/provinz_westfalen.htm">Deutsches Kaiserreich: Provinz Westfalen</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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