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href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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title="2018 VG18 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2018 VG18" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="2018 VG18" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="2018 VG18" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2018 VG18" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="2018 VG18" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="2018 VG18" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="2018 VG18" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Trans-Neptunian object @ 123AU</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Farout" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/FarFarOut" class="mw-redirect" title="FarFarOut">FarFarOut</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Far_Out_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Far Out (disambiguation)">Far Out (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_VG18_discovery_image.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/2018_VG18_discovery_image.gif" decoding="async" width="173" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="134" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Discovery images of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF">Discovery<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scott_S._Sheppard" title="Scott S. Sheppard">S. S. Sheppard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_J._Tholen" title="David J. Tholen">D. Tholen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chad_Trujillo" title="Chad Trujillo">C. Trujillo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes" title="List of observatory codes">Discovery site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea_Observatories" title="Mauna Kea Observatories">Mauna Kea Obs.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">10 November 2018</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">MPC designation</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">Alternative designations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">"Farout" (nickname)<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations" title="Minor planet">Minor planet category</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">TNO</a><sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Scattered disc object">SDO</a><sup id="cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-CEN-SDO-list-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">resonant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object#Other_resonances" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">2:9</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Buie-DES_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buie-DES-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">distant</a><sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a> <a href="/wiki/Barycenter#Inside_or_outside_the_Sun?" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">(barycentric)</a><sup id="cite_ref-horizons-ssb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horizons-ssb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> 25 February 2023 (<a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">JD</a> 2460000.5)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter" title="Uncertainty parameter">Uncertainty parameter</a> 6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">Observation arc</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16.15 yr (5,900 d)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Earliest <a href="/wiki/Precovery" title="Precovery">precovery</a> date</th><td class="infobox-data">21 November 2003<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7013186843252568179♠"></span>124.897<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.043 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a></span><br />(occurs 2063)<sup id="cite_ref-Horizons2063_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horizons2063-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7012573827512431060♠"></span>38.358<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.030 AU</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7013122113749894996♠"></span>81.628<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.028 AU</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999530100000000000♠"></span>0.5301<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0004</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7010232582667760000♠"></span>737.01<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.38 yr</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_anomaly#Mean_anomaly_at_epoch" title="Mean anomaly">Mean anomaly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000275156392564662♠"></span>157.653<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a><span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.473<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_motion" title="Mean motion">Mean motion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0° 0<sup>m</sup> 4.814<sup>s</sup> / day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999423975381894463♠"></span>24.292°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.002°</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000428172898745509♠"></span>245.325°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.001°</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Time of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">≈ 1696<sup id="cite_ref-perihelion_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perihelion-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />±30 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999294349778348844♠"></span>16.865°<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.171°</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span><a href="/wiki/Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics" title="Standard asteroid physical characteristics">Physical characteristics</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005656000000000000♠"></span>656 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">albedo 0.12</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005500000000000000♠"></span>500 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a></span> (est.)<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">24.6<sup id="cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HORIZONS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude <i>(H)</i></a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000394000000000000♠"></span>3.94<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.52</span><sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span></b> is a distant <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian object</a> (TNO) that was discovered when it was 123 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> (18 <a href="/wiki/1000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000 (number)">billion</a> <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>; 11 billion <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a>) from the Sun, more than three times the average distance between the Sun and <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>. It was discovered on 10 November 2018 by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Sheppard" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Sheppard">Scott Sheppard</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Tholen" class="mw-redirect" title="David Tholen">David Tholen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chad_Trujillo" title="Chad Trujillo">Chad Trujillo</a> during their search for TNOs whose orbits might be gravitationally influenced by the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Planet_Nine" title="Planet Nine">Planet Nine</a>. They announced the discovery of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> on 17 December 2018 and nicknamed the object "<b>Farout</b>" to emphasize its distance from the Sun. </p><p><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is the second-most distant natural object ever observed in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, after <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span> (132 AU), which was also discovered by Sheppard's team in January 2018. As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is 123.6 AU (18 billion km) from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> and is moving farther away until it reaches <a href="/wiki/Aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion">aphelion</a> in 2063.<sup id="cite_ref-Horizons2063_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horizons2063-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is one of the most distant Solar System objects known, its orbit is not the most distant since its average orbital distance from the Sun is 82 AU, which places it in the <a href="/wiki/Scattered_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Scattered disk">scattered disk</a> and the 2:9 <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with Neptune. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_VG18_discovery_image.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/2018_VG18_discovery_image.gif" decoding="async" width="173" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="134" /></a><figcaption>Animation of two discovery images taken by the 8.2-meter <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Telescope" title="Subaru Telescope">Subaru Telescope</a> on 10 November 2018. The moving dot in the center is <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> at magnitude 24.6.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> was discovered by astronomers <a href="/wiki/Scott_Sheppard" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Sheppard">Scott Sheppard</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Tholen" class="mw-redirect" title="David Tholen">David Tholen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chad_Trujillo" title="Chad Trujillo">Chad Trujillo</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauna Kea Observatory">Mauna Kea Observatory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> on 10 November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discovery formed part of their search for distant <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Neptunian objects">trans-Neptunian objects</a> (TNOs) with orbits that may be gravitationally perturbed by the hypothesized <a href="/wiki/Planet_Nine" title="Planet Nine">Planet Nine</a>. The search team had been involved in the discoveries of several other distant TNOs, including the <a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">sednoids</a> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">113</span></span></a></span> and <a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BadAstronomy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> was first identified as a faint object slowly moving in two images taken with the 8.2-meter <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Telescope" title="Subaru Telescope">Subaru Telescope</a> on the night of 10 November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of discovery, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> was located in the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at a faint <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> of 24.6, approaching the lowest detectable magnitude limit for most telescopes.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NY-Times_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY-Times-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s low on-sky motion and brightness indicated that it is very distant, which prompted additional follow-up observations to constrain measurements of its orbit and distance.<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The object was reobserved in December 2018 by Sheppard at the <a href="/wiki/Las_Campanas_Observatory" title="Las Campanas Observatory">Las Campanas Observatory</a>, with observation times spanning ten days.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, its orbit remained with a significant uncertainty due to its short <a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">observation arc</a>. Nonetheless, the discovery of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> along with a preliminary orbit solution was formally announced in a <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Electronic_Circular" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Planet Electronic Circular">Minor Planet Electronic Circular</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> on 17 December 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the discovery announcement, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> has been periodically observed by Sheppard at the <a href="/wiki/Las_Campanas_Observatory" title="Las Campanas Observatory">Las Campanas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauna Kea Observatory">Mauna Kea</a> observatories.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2020-A128_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2020-A128-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional observations were also made at the <a href="/wiki/Roque_de_los_Muchachos_Observatory" title="Roque de los Muchachos Observatory">Roque de los Muchachos Observatory</a> in November 2019 and January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FarFarOut-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> has been observed for over five <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(astronomy)" title="Opposition (astronomy)">oppositions</a>, with an observation arc of 16 years (5,900 days). Several <a href="/wiki/Precovery" title="Precovery">precovery</a> observations of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> have been identified in images taken by the <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Tololo_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerro Tololo Observatory">Cerro Tololo Observatory</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dark_Energy_Camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Energy Camera">Dark Energy Camera</a> on 11 March 2015 and 16 January 2017, as well as images taken by the <a href="/wiki/Canada-France-Hawaii_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope">Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Telescope" title="Subaru Telescope">Subaru Telescope</a> in November 2003 and September 2005, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The discoverers gave <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> the nickname "Farout" for its distant location from the Sun, and particularly because it was the farthest known TNO observed at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, the object was formally given the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional designation">provisional designation</a> <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> by the Minor Planet Center.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provisional designation indicates the object's discovery date, with the first letter representing the first half of November and the succeeding letter and numbers indicating that it is the 457th object discovered during that half-month.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The object has not yet been assigned an official <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor planet number">minor planet number</a> by the Minor Planet Center due to its short <a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">observation arc</a> and orbital uncertainty.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is expected to receive a minor planet number once it has been observed for over at least four oppositions, which would take several years.<sup id="cite_ref-Nomenclature_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomenclature-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once it receives a minor planet number, the object will be eligible for naming by its discoverers.<sup id="cite_ref-Nomenclature_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomenclature-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit_and_classification">Orbit and classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Orbit and classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_most_distant_from_the_Sun" title="List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun">List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun</a></div> <p><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s average orbital distance from the Sun is approximately 82 AU and it takes approximately 737 years to complete one orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-horizons-ssb_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horizons-ssb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barycentric_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barycentric-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simulations of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s orbit by <a href="/wiki/Marc_Buie" title="Marc Buie">Marc Buie</a> show that <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is in a 2:9 <a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance" title="Orbital resonance">orbital resonance</a> with Neptune—<span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> orbits exactly twice for every nine orbits completed by Neptune.<sup id="cite_ref-Buie-DES_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buie-DES-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">orbital eccentricity</a> of about 0.53, it follows a highly elongated orbit, varying in distance from 38 AU at <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a> to 125 AU at <a href="/wiki/Aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion">aphelion</a>. Its orbit is inclined to the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a> plane by about 24 degrees, with its aphelion oriented below the ecliptic. At perihelion, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> approaches close to <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>'s orbit without crossing it, having a <a href="/wiki/Minimum_orbit_intersection_distance" title="Minimum orbit intersection distance">minimum orbit intersection distance</a> of approximately 8 AU.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-object_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> approaches Neptune at close proximity, its orbit has likely been <a href="/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomy)" title="Perturbation (astronomy)">perturbed</a> and scattered by Neptune; thus, it falls into the category of <a href="/wiki/Scattered-disc_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Scattered-disc object">scattered-disc objects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-CEN-SDO-list-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BadAstronomy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> last passed perihelion in the late 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is the second-most distant observed Solar System object from the Sun and is the first object discovered while beyond 100 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical units</a> (AU), overtaking the <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a> <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> (96 AU) in observed distance.<sup id="cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FarFarOut-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s distance from the Sun is 123.6 AU (18.5 billion km; 11.5 billion mi) as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HORIZONS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than three times the average distance between the Sun and <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> (39.5 AU).<sup id="cite_ref-NY-Times_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY-Times-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For comparison, the <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">space probes</a> were approximately 120 AU and 144 AU from the Sun at the time of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s discovery, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BadAstronomy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its current distance, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is thought to be close to the <a href="/wiki/Heliopause_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopause (astronomy)">heliopause</a>, the boundary where the Sun's <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> is stopped by the <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">interstellar medium</a> at around 120 AU.<sup id="cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BadAstronomy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new orbit determination indicates that this object is currently very close to aphelion which it should reach in mid-2063,<sup id="cite_ref-Horizons2063_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horizons2063-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that it is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">scattered disc</a>. </p><p>While <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is one of the most distant objects observed, it does not have the largest orbital <a href="/wiki/Semi-major_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-major axis">semi-major axis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-CEN-SDO-list-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For comparison, the semi-major axis of the planetoid <a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" class="mw-redirect" title="90377 Sedna">90377 Sedna</a> is about 500 AU.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedna_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedna-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an extreme case, the scattered-disc object <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_FE72" title="2014 FE72">2014 FE<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">72</span></span></a></span> has a semi-major axis around 1,400 AU,<sup id="cite_ref-2014FE72_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2014FE72-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though its distance from the Sun as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> is about 64 AU, approximately half <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s distance from the Sun in that year.<sup id="cite_ref-AstDyS-distances_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstDyS-distances-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of discovery on 10 November 2018, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s distance from the Sun was 123.4 AU, and has since moved to 123.6 AU from the Sun as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HORIZONS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it is approaching aphelion, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is receding from the Sun at a rate of 0.06 AU per year, or 0.3 km/s (670 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HORIZONS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> was the farthest TNO known until February 2019, when <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span> (nicknamed "FarFarOut") was discovered at about 132 AU by Sheppard's team.<sup id="cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FarFarOut-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> and <span class="nowrap">2018 AG<sub>37</sub></span> are among the farthest Solar System objects observable,<sup id="cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FarFarOut-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some historical <a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">near-parabolic comets</a> are much further from the Sun. For example, <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Comet" title="Caesar's Comet">Caesar's Comet</a> (C/-43 K1) is over 800 AU from the Sun while <a href="/wiki/Comet_Donati" title="Comet Donati">Comet Donati</a> (C/1858 L1) is over 145 AU from the Sun as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caesar_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caesar-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Donati_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donati-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:992px;max-width:992px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">The orbit of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span><sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:165px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit3.png/206px-2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit3.png" decoding="async" width="206" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit3.png/309px-2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit3.png/412px-2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit3.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ecliptic polar view of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s orbit (top)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:236px;max-width:236px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:165px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit.png/234px-2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit.png" decoding="async" width="234" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit.png/351px-2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit.png/468px-2018VG18-SolarSystem-Orbit.png 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Oblique view of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s orbit</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:213px;max-width:213px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:165px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_VG18_retrograde_loops_dec2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2018_VG18_retrograde_loops_dec2018.png/211px-2018_VG18_retrograde_loops_dec2018.png" decoding="async" width="211" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2018_VG18_retrograde_loops_dec2018.png/317px-2018_VG18_retrograde_loops_dec2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/2018_VG18_retrograde_loops_dec2018.png/422px-2018_VG18_retrograde_loops_dec2018.png 2x" data-file-width="5275" data-file-height="4125" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s retrograde motion in the sky through the constellation <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:327px;max-width:327px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:165px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Extreme_transneptunian_object_orbits_with_2018_VG18.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Extreme_transneptunian_object_orbits_with_2018_VG18.png/325px-Extreme_transneptunian_object_orbits_with_2018_VG18.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Extreme_transneptunian_object_orbits_with_2018_VG18.png/488px-Extreme_transneptunian_object_orbits_with_2018_VG18.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Extreme_transneptunian_object_orbits_with_2018_VG18.png/650px-Extreme_transneptunian_object_orbits_with_2018_VG18.png 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="1951" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Orbit diagram of several <a href="/wiki/Extreme_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Extreme trans-Neptunian object">extreme trans-Neptunian objects</a>, with scattered-disc objects <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> and <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> included</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The size of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is unmeasured, though it is likely large enough to be a <a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">possible dwarf planet</a>, based on its intrinsic brightness or <a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)" title="Absolute magnitude">absolute magnitude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carnegie_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on its apparent brightness and large distance, <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>'s absolute magnitude is estimated to be in the range of 3.4–4.5.<sup id="cite_ref-jpldata_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Minor Planet Center, it is the ninth intrinsically brightest scattered-disc object.<sup id="cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPC-CEN-SDO-list-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a> (reflectivity) of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> has not been measured nor constrained, thus its diameter could not be calculated with certainty. Assuming that the albedo of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is within the range of 0.10–0.25, its diameter should be around 500–850 km (310–530 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-sizemagnitude_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sizemagnitude-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This size range is considered to be large enough such that the body can collapse into a <a href="/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">spheroidal</a> shape, and thus be a <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tancredi2008_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2008-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Michael Brown</a> considers <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> to be highly likely a dwarf planet, based on his size estimate of 656 km (408 mi) calculated from an albedo of 0.12 and an absolute magnitude of 3.9.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unless the composition of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is predominantly rocky, Brown considers it very likely that <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> has attained a spheroidal shape through self-gravity.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-dplist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Tancredi" title="Gonzalo Tancredi">Gonzalo Tancredi</a> estimates that the minimum diameters for a body to undergo <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a> are around 450 km (280 mi) and 800 km (500 mi), for predominantly icy and rocky compositions, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Tancredi2008_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2008-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the composition of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> is similar to the former case, the object would be considered a dwarf planet under Tancredi's criterion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/28px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/42px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/56px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span>, nicknamed "FarFarOut" by its discoverers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_greatest_aphelion" title="List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion">List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_most_distant_from_the_Sun" title="List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun">List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trans-Neptunian_objects" title="List of trans-Neptunian objects">List of trans-Neptunian objects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Celestial_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial coordinates">celestial coordinates</a> of <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span> at the time of discovery are <span class="nowrap">04<sup>h</sup> 49<sup>m</sup> 36.353<sup>s</sup></span> +18° 53′ 10.69″.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)" title="Taurus (constellation)">Taurus</a> for constellation coordinates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the convention for minor planet provisional designations, the first letter represents the half-month of the year of discovery while the second letter and numbers indicate the order of discovery within that half-month. In the case for <span class="nowrap">2018 VG<sub>18</sub></span>, the first letter 'V' corresponds to the first half-month of November 2018 while the succeeding letter 'G' indicates that it is the 7th object discovered on the 19th cycle of discoveries. Each completed cycle consists of 25 letters representing discoveries, hence 7 + (18 completed cycles × 25 letters) = 457.<sup id="cite_ref-Nomenclature_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomenclature-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barycentric-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-barycentric_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These orbital elements are expressed in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System_Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar System Barycenter">Solar System Barycenter</a> (SSB) as the frame of reference.<sup id="cite_ref-horizons-ssb_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horizons-ssb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to planetary <a href="/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomy)" title="Perturbation (astronomy)">perturbations</a>, the Sun revolves around the SSB at non-negligible distances, so heliocentric-frame orbital elements and distances can vary in short timescales as shown in <a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons_On-Line_Ephemeris_System" title="JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System">JPL-Horizons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-horizons-heliocentric_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horizons-heliocentric-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_VG18&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MPEC-2018-Y14-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2018-Y14_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSheppardTrujilloOldroydTholen2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Sheppard, S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Electronic+Circular&rft.atitle=MPEC+2018-Y14+%3A+2018+VG18&rft.volume=2018-Y14&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018MPEC....Y...14S&rft.aulast=Sheppard&rft.aufirst=S.+S.&rft.au=Trujillo%2C+C.+A.&rft.au=Oldroyd%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Tholen%2C+D.+J.&rft.au=Williams%2C+G.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fmpec%2FK18%2FK18Y14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC-object-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-object_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-object_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-object_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-object_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-object_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-object_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2018+VG18">"2018 VG18"</a>. <i>Minor Planet Center</i>. International Astronomical Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Center&rft.atitle=2018+VG18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Fobject_id%3D2018%2BVG18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carnegie-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carnegie_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegiescience.edu/news/discovered-most-distant-solar-system-object-ever-observed">"Discovered: The Most-Distant Solar System Object Ever Observed"</a>. Carnegie Science. 17 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Discovered%3A+The+Most-Distant+Solar+System+Object+Ever+Observed&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegiescience.edu%2Fnews%2Fdiscovered-most-distant-solar-system-object-ever-observed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpldata-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2018%20VG18">"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2018 VG18)"</a> (2020-01-16 last obs.). <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501151657/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3836918">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPL+Small-Body+Database+Browser%3A+%282018+VG18%29&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Ftools%2Fsbdb_lookup.html%23%2F%3Fsstr%3D2018%2520VG18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPC-CEN-SDO-list-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPC-CEN-SDO-list_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html">"List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects"</a>. <i>Minor Planet Center</i>. International Astronomical Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Center&rft.atitle=List+Of+Centaurs+and+Scattered-Disk+Objects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fiau%2Flists%2Ft_centaurs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buie-DES-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buie-DES_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buie-DES_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuie" class="citation web cs1">Buie, Marc W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123112039/https://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/18VG18.html">"Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 18VG18"</a>. Southwest Research Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/18VG18.html">the original</a> on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orbit+Fit+and+Astrometric+record+for+18VG18&rft.pub=Southwest+Research+Institute&rft.aulast=Buie&rft.aufirst=Marc+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulder.swri.edu%2F~buie%2Fkbo%2Fastrom%2F18VG18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-horizons-ssb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-horizons-ssb_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-horizons-ssb_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-horizons-ssb_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND='2018+VG18'&TABLE_TYPE='ELEMENTS'&START_TIME='JD2460000.5'&STOP_TIME='JD2460200.5'&STEP_SIZE='1y'&CENTER='@0'&OUT_UNITS='AU-D'">"JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris for (2018 VG18) at epoch JD 2460000.5"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons_On-Line_Ephemeris_System" title="JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System">JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System</a></i>. Jet Propulsion Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JPL+Horizons+On-Line+Ephemeris+System&rft.atitle=JPL+Horizons+On-Line+Ephemeris+for+%282018+VG18%29+at+epoch+JD+2460000.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons_batch.cgi%3Fbatch%3D1%26COMMAND%3D%272018%2BVG18%27%26TABLE_TYPE%3D%27ELEMENTS%27%26START_TIME%3D%27JD2460000.5%27%26STOP_TIME%3D%27JD2460200.5%27%26STEP_SIZE%3D%271y%27%26CENTER%3D%27%400%27%26OUT_UNITS%3D%27AU-D%27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span> Solution using the Solar System <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">Barycenter</a>. Ephemeris Type: Elements and Center: @0)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horizons2063-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Horizons2063_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horizons2063_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horizons2063_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272018+VG18%27&START_TIME=%272063-Apr-15%27&STOP_TIME=%272063-May-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27">"Horizons Batch for (2018 VG18) in April 2063"</a> (Aphelion occurs when rdot flips from positive to negative). <a href="/wiki/JPL_Horizons_On-Line_Ephemeris_System" title="JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System">JPL Horizons</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horizons+Batch+for+%282018+VG18%29+in+April+2063&rft.pub=JPL+Horizons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons_batch.cgi%3Fbatch%3D1%26COMMAND%3D%25272018%2BVG18%2527%26START_TIME%3D%25272063-Apr-15%2527%26STOP_TIME%3D%25272063-May-01%2527%26STEP_SIZE%3D%25271%2520day%2527%26QUANTITIES%3D%252719%2527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span> (JPL#7/Soln.date: 2021-Apr-15)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perihelion-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-perihelion_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272018+VG18%27&START_TIME=%271695-01-01%27&STOP_TIME=%271700-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20month%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27">JPL Horizons Perihelion 1695</a> Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is <a href="/wiki/3-sigma" class="mw-redirect" title="3-sigma">3-sigma</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-dplist-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown-dplist_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Brown, Michael E.</a> (13 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html">"How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+many+dwarf+planets+are+there+in+the+outer+solar+system%3F&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.gps.caltech.edu%2F~mbrown%2Fdps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HORIZONS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HORIZONS_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2018VG18">"Horizon Online Ephemeris System for 2018 VG18"</a> (Settings: Sun (body center) [500@10]; Start=2018-11-10, Stop=2020-12-31, Step=1 d). Jet Propulsion Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horizon+Online+Ephemeris+System+for+2018+VG18&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssd.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fhorizons.cgi%3Ffind_body%3D1%26body_group%3Dsb%26sstr%3D2018VG18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BadAstronomy-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BadAstronomy_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlait2018" class="citation web cs1">Plait, Phil (18 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/meet-your-very-very-distant-solar-system-neighbor-2018-vg18">"Meet your very, *very* distant Solar System neighbor 2018 VG18"</a>. <i>Bad Astronomy</i>. Syfy Wire<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bad+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Meet+your+very%2C+%2Avery%2A+distant+Solar+System+neighbor+2018+VG18&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft.aulast=Plait&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfywire%2Fmeet-your-very-very-distant-solar-system-neighbor-2018-vg18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY-Times-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NY-Times_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY-Times_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2018" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (17 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/science/farout-most-distant-solar-system.html">"It's the Solar System's Most Distant Object. Astronomers Named It Farout"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=It%27s+the+Solar+System%27s+Most+Distant+Object.+Astronomers+Named+It+Farout.&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Fscience%2Ffarout-most-distant-solar-system.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPEC-2020-A128-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPEC-2020-A128_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K20/K20AC8.html">"MPEC 2020-A128 : 2018 VG18"</a>. <i>Minor Planet Electronic Circular</i>. Minor Planet Center. 14 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minor+Planet+Electronic+Circular&rft.atitle=MPEC+2020-A128+%3A+2018+VG18&rft.date=2020-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorplanetcenter.net%2Fmpec%2FK20%2FK20AC8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FarFarOut-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FarFarOut_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegiescience.edu/news/solar-systems-most-distant-known-member-confirmed">"Solar System's Most Distant Known Member Confirmed"</a>. Carnegie Science. 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Solar+System%27s+Most+Distant+Known+Member+Confirmed&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegiescience.edu%2Fnews%2Fsolar-systems-most-distant-known-member-confirmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2018+VG18" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nomenclature-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nomenclature_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nomenclature_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nomenclature_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/HowNamed.html">"How Are Minor Planets Named?"</a>. <i>Minor Planet Center</i>. 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Astronomers Named It Farout.</a> – <i>The New York Times</i> article by Kenneth Chang</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/meet-your-very-very-distant-solar-system-neighbor-2018-vg18">Meet your very, *very* distant solar system neighbor 2018 VG18</a> – <i>Bad Astronomy</i> blog by Phil Plait</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html">List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects</a> – <i>Minor Planet Center</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3836918">2018 VG18</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/JPL_Small-Body_Database" title="JPL Small-Body Database">JPL Small-Body Database</a></i> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59825975#P716" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><ul class="noprint"><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3836918&view=C">Close approach</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3836918&view=D">Discovery</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=3836918">Ephemeris</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3836918&view=V">Orbit viewer</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3836918&view=O">Orbit parameters</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3836918&view=P">Physical parameters</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2018_in_space" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2018_in_space" title="Template:2018 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2018_in_space" title="Template talk:2018 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2018_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2018 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2018_in_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2018 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float:left"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2017_in_space" title="Template:2017 in space">2017</a></div> <div style="float:right"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_in_space" title="Template:2019 in space">2019</a> »</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2018_in_spaceflight" title="2018 in spaceflight">Space probe<br />launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2018" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2018"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> (lunar flyby; Apr 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a></i> (mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>; May 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">Mars Cube One</a> (mission to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>; May 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe" title="Parker Solar Probe">Parker Solar Probe</a></i> (solar space mission; Aug 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a></i> (mission to <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>; Oct 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a> (mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>; Dec 2018)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/150px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/225px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/300px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/150px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/225px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/300px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4391" data-file-height="2504" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bennu_at_300_pixels_(wide).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/150px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/225px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/300px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_LA" title="2018 LA">2018 LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_meteor" title="Kamchatka meteor">Kamchatka meteor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2018" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2018">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_WC9" title="2010 WC9">2010 WC<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">9</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_VR12" title="2017 VR12">2017 VR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">12</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_YE5" title="2017 YE5">2017 YE<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_YZ1" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 YZ1">2017 YZ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_AH" title="2018 AH">2018 AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_BD" title="2018 BD">2018 BD</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_BF3" title="2018 BF3">2018 BF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CB" title="2018 CB">2018 CB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CC" title="2018 CC">2018 CC</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(276033)_2002_AJ129" title="(276033) 2002 AJ129">(276033) 2002 AJ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">129</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(505657)_2014_SR339" title="(505657) 2014 SR339">(505657) 2014 SR<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">339</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_CF2" title="2018 CF2">2018 CF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CL" title="2018 CL">2018 CL</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_CN2" title="2018 CN2">2018 CN<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_CY2" title="2018 CY2">2018 CY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">2</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_DV1" title="2018 DV1">2018 DV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_GE3" title="2018 GE3">2018 GE<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">3</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_PD20" title="2018 PD20">2018 PD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">20</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_LF16" title="2018 LF16">2018 LF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">16</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_WV1" title="2018 WV1">2018 WV<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163899)_2003_SD220" title="(163899) 2003 SD220">(163899) 2003 SD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">220</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2018">Exoplanets</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2018"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_1132" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 1132">Gliese 1132 c</a></li> <li>possible <a href="/wiki/Exomoon" title="Exomoon">exomoon</a> <a href="/wiki/Kepler-1625b_I" title="Kepler-1625b I">Kepler-1625b I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-141b" title="K2-141b">K2-141b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-146b" title="K2-146b">K2-146b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-148b" title="K2-148b">K2-148b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-155d" title="K2-155d">K2-155d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-229b" title="K2-229b">K2-229b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-288Bb" title="K2-288Bb">K2-288Bb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star_b" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnard's Star b">Barnard's Star b</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(refuted in 2021)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_211945201_b" class="mw-redirect" title="EPIC 211945201 b">EPIC 211945201 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_89345_b" title="HD 89345 b">HD 89345 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KELT-21b" title="KELT-21b">KELT-21b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGTS-3Ab" title="NGTS-3Ab">NGTS-3Ab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LSPM_J0207%2B3331" title="LSPM J0207+3331">LSPM J0207+3331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVV-WIT-07" title="VVV-WIT-07">VVV-WIT-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MACS_J1149_Lensed_Star_1" title="MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1">MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">moons of Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_proto-supercluster" title="Hyperion proto-supercluster">Hyperion proto-supercluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J18082002%E2%88%925104378" title="2MASS J18082002−5104378">2MASS J18082002−5104378</a></li> <li>Farout (<span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2018 VG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">18</span></span></a></span>)</li> <li>FarFarOut (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">37</span></span></a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">first imaged</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT2018hyz" title="AT2018hyz">AT2018hyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2018cow" title="SN 2018cow">SN 2018cow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Novae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V357_Muscae" title="V357 Muscae">V357 Muscae</a> (Nova Muscae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V906_Carinae" title="V906 Carinae">V906 Carinae</a> (Nova Carinae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V392_Persei" title="V392 Persei">V392 Persei</a> (Nova Persei)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2018" title="Category:Comets in 2018"><img alt="Comets in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_T1_(Heinze)" title="C/2017 T1 (Heinze)">C/2017 T1 (Heinze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_U7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37P/Forbes" title="37P/Forbes">37P/Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66P/du_Toit" title="66P/du Toit">66P/du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64P/Swift%E2%80%93Gehrels" title="64P/Swift–Gehrels">64P/Swift–Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38P/Stephan%E2%80%93Oterma" title="38P/Stephan–Oterma">38P/Stephan–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_F4_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS)">C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_V1_(Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)">C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46P/Wirtanen" title="46P/Wirtanen">46P/Wirtanen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> (asteroid <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">Ryugu</a> arrival; Jun 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope"><i>Kepler</i> retirement</a> (Oct 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i> (Mars landing; Oct 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i> retirement</a> (Nov 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> (asteroid <a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">Bennu</a> arrival; Dec 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i> (enters interstellar space; Dec 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> (encounter with <a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">486958 Arrokoth</a>; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:2017_in_outer_space" title="Category:2017 in outer space">2017 in outer space</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/Category:2018_in_outer_space" title="Category:2018 in outer space">2018 in outer space</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_outer_space" title="Category:2019 in outer space">2019 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trans-Neptunian_objects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trans-Neptunian_objects_navbox" title="Template:Trans-Neptunian objects navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Resonant objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object#1:2_resonance_("twotinos",_period_~330_years)" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Twotinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon#Trans-Neptunian_objects" title="Minor-planet moon">TNO moons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planets</a> <span class="nowrap">(moons)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_(dwarf_planet)" title="Orcus (dwarf planet)">Orcus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" title="Vanth (moon)">Vanth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(moon)" title="Namaka (moon)">Namaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Ring" title="Haumea">Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weywot_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weywot (moon)">Weywot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar#Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="50000 Quaoar">Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">MK2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)" title="Gonggong (dwarf planet)">Gonggong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangliu_(moon)" title="Xiangliu (moon)">Xiangliu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)" title="Sedna (dwarf planet)">Sedna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" class="mw-redirect" title="90377 Sedna">90377 Sedna</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">113</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Small_Solar_System_bodies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Template:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Template talk:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Small_Solar_System_bodies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">Designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor-planet_groups" title="List of minor-planet groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon" title="Minor-planet moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meanings_of_minor-planet_names" title="Meanings of minor-planet names">Meanings of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten_asteroid" title="Aten asteroid">Aten asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_family" title="Asteroid family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types" title="Asteroid spectral types">Spectral types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">Distant minor planet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinct_comet" title="Extinct comet">Extinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_comet" title="Great comet">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Halley-type_comets" title="List of Halley-type comets">Halley-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">Hyperbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets" title="List of long-period comets">Long-period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-parabolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_periodic_comets" title="List of periodic comets">Periodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungrazing_comet" title="Sungrazing comet">Sungrazing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">Space debris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59825975#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img 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